CN110307929B - Fluid pressure measuring system and method based on pressure sensitive film - Google Patents
Fluid pressure measuring system and method based on pressure sensitive film Download PDFInfo
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- CN110307929B CN110307929B CN201910610081.XA CN201910610081A CN110307929B CN 110307929 B CN110307929 B CN 110307929B CN 201910610081 A CN201910610081 A CN 201910610081A CN 110307929 B CN110307929 B CN 110307929B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fluid pressure measuring system and method based on a pressure sensitive film, wherein the system comprises the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model to be measured, an excitation light source and an optical signal processing unit, and the pressure sensitive film comprises an elastic transparent colloid and fluorescent elastic microspheres distributed in the elastic transparent colloid; the test method comprises the following steps: 1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film; 2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model to be tested, and placing the pressure sensitive film in a flow field to be tested; 3) the excitation light source irradiates the pressure sensitive film to generate emission light; 4) the camera collects the emitted light, and the pressure distribution condition of the total flow field is obtained through computer processing. Compared with the prior art, the invention can better solve the problem of full-field measurement of the surface pressure of the model to be measured in the flow field to be measured compared with the common piezoelectric sensor; the pressure sensitive film is simple to prepare, does not need to carry out special treatment on the surface of a measured model, can provide a pressure field image with higher resolution, and improves the efficiency and the precision of surface pressure measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid mechanics testing, and relates to a fluid pressure measuring system and method based on a pressure sensitive film.
Background
In underwater experiments on a vehicle or a vehicle, surface pressure testing of the vehicle or vehicle is one of the major points of the overall experiment. The surface pressure data of the navigation body is analyzed, and the structural design of the navigation body or the submarine body can be effectively guided. The measurement of the surface pressure under water has been a great problem in experimental fluid mechanics research.
The common underwater surface pressure measuring method is to use piezoelectric sensor to measure, that is, the pressure of the measured water pressure directly acts on the diaphragm of the sensor to make the diaphragm produce micro-displacement proportional to the water pressure, so as to make the resistance value of the sensor change, and then the change is detected by electronic circuit to convert and output a standard measuring signal corresponding to the pressure. The method has the advantages of capability of obtaining high-precision pressure data, quick response of equipment and strong environment tolerance. However, the principle of the piezoelectric sensor determines that it can measure only a water pressure at a certain point, and it is impossible to obtain pressure field information with high spatial resolution, and in the measurement, a hole is drilled in the surface to be measured, the entire sensor is installed in the hole, and a line is also required to supply power to the sensor. Once multi-point measurement is needed, the surface structure of the measured body is damaged, and the flow is influenced.
Chinese patent CN107702878A discloses a flexible fast response PSP testing device based on AAO template, a method and an application, wherein the testing device includes an AAO template uniformly attached on the upper surface of a model to be tested, a pressure sensitive paint attached on the AAO template, a laser source and an optical signal processing unit, during testing, the model to be tested is placed in a flow field to be tested, the laser source irradiates the AAO template, and the optical signal processing unit collects and processes emitted light for measuring the global pressure distribution of various models to be tested in various flow fields to be tested. The pressure detection function of the patent depends on the oxygen content change around the pressure-sensitive particles, and cannot be applied to the environment (such as water) with small oxygen content change and large pressure change; the invention directly converts the external pressure into deformation for detection, and has nothing to do with the components and properties given to the pressure body. In addition, PSP measurements are very temperature sensitive, often requiring control of workpiece surface temperature or other means to correct for errors due to temperature variations; the invention is relatively insensitive to the temperature change of the surface of the workpiece to be measured. The patent utilizes the oxygen quenching effect of pressure-sensitive particles to establish the relationship between fluorescence and oxygen partial pressure and gas dynamic pressure; the invention utilizes the deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres under pressure to establish the relationship between fluorescence-deformation-surface pressure, and the two are completely different in principle.
Chinese patent CN107655517A discloses a space fluid velocity and pressure synchronous measurement system based on pressure sensitive particle light intensity measurement, which comprises a signal transmitter, a pulse laser generator connected with the signal transmitter, a high-speed CCD camera oppositely arranged with the pulse laser generator and connected with the signal transmitter, and a computer for receiving and processing digital image signals of the high-speed CCD camera, wherein a flow field to be measured is arranged between the pulse laser generator and the high-speed CCD camera, a particle generator for uniformly placing pressure sensitive particles into the flow field to be measured is connected and arranged on the flow field, and a filter is further installed at the front end of the high-speed CCD camera. The pressure detection function of the patent also depends on the change of the oxygen content around the pressure-sensitive particles, and cannot be applied to the environment (such as water) with small change of the oxygen content and large change of the pressure. Moreover, the patent is directed to the velocity and pressure distribution of the gas flow field, which has limitations on the measurement effect of the pressure distribution on the surface of the object in the flow field; the invention can better detect the pressure distribution on the surface of an object in the flow field. The pressure detection function of the patent is to utilize the oxygen quenching effect of pressure-sensitive particles to establish the relationship between fluorescence and oxygen partial pressure and gas dynamic pressure; the invention utilizes the deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres under pressure to establish the relationship between fluorescence-deformation-surface pressure, and the two are completely different in principle.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a fluid pressure measuring system and method based on a pressure sensitive membrane.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film comprises the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model to be measured, an excitation light source and an optical signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensitive film comprises elastic transparent colloid and fluorescent elastic microspheres distributed in the elastic transparent colloid. The pressure sensitive film has elasticity and can adapt to models to be measured with different surface types.
During testing, the model to be tested is placed in a flow field to be tested, and the excitation light source emits excitation light so as to provide a stable excitation light field for the pressure sensitive film through the excitation light source; the pressure sensitive film absorbs the exciting light and emits emitting light, and the optical signal processing unit collects and processes the emitting light to measure the full-field pressure distribution of various models to be measured in various flow fields to be measured.
The elastic transparent colloid is used as a packaging substrate for coating, bearing and uniformly distributing the fluorescent elastic microspheres, the fluorescent elastic microspheres emit emitted light under the irradiation of specific exciting light, the intensity of the emitted light is related to the elastic deformation degree of the emitted light, namely, when the pressure sensitive film in the flow field to be detected is influenced by fluid pressure, so that the fluorescent elastic microspheres deform, the light intensity of the emitted light changes accordingly, and the fluid pressure information can be obtained according to the light intensity by correlating the relationship between the fluid pressure and the emitted light intensity.
The excitation light source can provide excitation light required for exciting the pressure-sensitive film (fluorescent dye), and the wave band of the excitation light and the wave band of the emitted light are not overlapped.
As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness of the pressure sensitive film is 0.3-1 mm. An excessively thick pressure sensitive film is poor in flexibility and difficult to adapt to various deformations, while an excessively thin pressure sensitive film can only accommodate a small number of fluorescent elastic microspheres. The pressure sensitive film with the thickness of about 0.3-1mm simultaneously considers better flexibility and larger capacity of the fluorescent elastic microspheres, and ensures better signal intensity while ensuring good bonding property with the pressure sensitive film and a model to be tested.
Furthermore, the optical signal processing unit comprises a filter lens, a camera arranged behind the filter lens and a computer electrically connected with the camera.
A camera for collecting the emitted light; the computer is used for analyzing and processing the emitted light, and the optical filter is used for filtering the exciting light and the ambient light so as to eliminate the interference of the exciting light and the ambient light.
As a preferred technical solution, the camera is a CCD camera (Charge Coupled Device), which can convert image pixels into digital signals and has a high resolution.
Furthermore, the elastic transparent colloid is made of PDMS, the fluorescent elastic microspheres are expanded foaming microspheres dyed by fluorescent dye, and the expanded foaming microspheres are expanded foaming microspheres in an expanded state.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an organic silica gel, is colorless, tasteless, nontoxic, high in transparency, good in light transmittance, certain in temperature tolerance, waterproof, physiologically inert, good in chemical stability and free of fluorescence under ultraviolet light. In practice, the commercially available PDMS product generally includes a PDMS gel and a curing agent, the PDMS gel is liquid and has strong operability, and the curing agent is slowly cured only after a proper amount of the curing agent is added, and the curing process is accelerated by heating. The proportion of the added curing agent can control the compression elastic modulus of the final solid colloidal PDMS. In industrial applications, PDMS is commonly used as an encapsulation material for electronic components. In the invention, in order to restrain the fluorescent elastic microspheres at the measured position and ensure that pressure can be transmitted to the fluorescent elastic microspheres and excitation light and emitted light are not hindered and interfered, PDMS is used as an encapsulation matrix to encapsulate the fluorescent elastic microspheres.
The fluorescent dye is a substance capable of emitting light with longer wavelength under the action of excitation light with shorter wavelength, and the wavelength bands of the excitation light and the emission light are not overlapped with each other. In industrial and scientific applications, fluorescent dyes are mainly used as markers for the object under investigation. These fluorescent dyes are tightly bound to the subject under certain staining procedures. When the emission light of the fluorescent substance is detected under the irradiation of the excitation light, information on the shape, deformation, displacement, concentration, and the like of the object to be studied can be obtained. In the present invention, a fluorescent substance is used to label the expanded beads, and the intensity of the emitted light thereof reflects the compressed state of the expanded beads. In detecting the emitted light of the fluorescent substance, an optical system is used to filter the excitation light from the excitation light source. In the present invention, expanded beads dyed with a fluorescent substance are referred to as fluorescent expanded beads.
The foamed microsphere is a white thermoplastic core-shell microsphere, consists of a polymer shell wrapping a volatile solvent and is originally used as a physical foaming agent. The foaming microsphere is of a core-shell structure, the shell is a thermoplastic high molecular polymer, and the core is low-boiling-point hydrocarbon. The shell, although thin, has good structural strength and elasticity and is capable of maintaining its integrity after expansion of the low boiling hydrocarbons upon heating. When the foamed microsphere is heated, the shell becomes soft, the volatile solvent is gasified, and the internal air pressure is increased rapidly, so that the volume of the foamed microsphere expands by several times. During the expansion process, the expansion state of the sphere is maintained after the internal pressure of the expanded microspheres, the tension of the polymer shell and the external pressure are balanced. At reasonable expansion temperatures, the core gas does not escape to the environment. The expanded foaming microspheres still have good elasticity and are easy to compress; after the pressure is removed, the microspheres can return to their original shape under the influence of the internal pressure. Such materials have been widely used in the modification of coatings, artificial leathers, rubbers, adhesives, and the like. In the invention, the pressure response performance of the expanded foaming microspheres is mainly utilized, and the common foaming microspheres in the market, such as Expancel 980DU 120, can be selected. The expanded beads are compressed when subjected to pressure as indicated by a change in their surface area.
As a preferable technical scheme, the diameter of the expanded foaming microsphere is 150-300 μm.
Further, the preparation method of the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) heating the foamed microspheres to 190 ℃ at 180 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10-15min, cooling to obtain expanded foamed microspheres, wherein the heating temperature and the heating time are changed according to the types of the polymer shell and the volatile solvent and the size of the target expanded foamed microspheres;
2) adding fluorescent dye solution, heating to 40-60 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 10-14h, filtering to remove liquid, and maintaining the temperature at 40-60 deg.C for 10-20min to obtain fluorescent elastic microsphere;
3) mixing liquid PDMS with a curing agent to prepare PDMS colloid, adding the fluorescent elastic microspheres, and vacuumizing for 10-20min to remove bubbles to obtain liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres;
4) and (3) coating liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres on the surface of the inert plate, and then drying in vacuum for 1-5h at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ to obtain the pressure sensitive film.
Further, in step 2), the solvent of the fluorescent dye solution is one or more of methanol, ethanol or acetone, the fluorescent dye solution is a saturated solution of the fluorescent dye, and the fluorescent dye solution is to immerse the expanded foamed microspheres.
Further, in the step 3), the mass ratio of the PDMS colloid to the fluorescent elastic microspheres is 1:0.001-0.01, the mass ratio of the liquid PDMS to the curing agent is 30-35:1, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum process is-0.1 MPa to-0.05 MPa.
Further, in the step 4), the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.05 MPa to-0.01 MPa, the coating thickness of the liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres on the surface of the inert plate is 0.3-1mm, and the inert plate is one of a glass plate, a copper plate or a stainless steel plate.
The testing method of the fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film to obtain the relationship between the light intensity of the emitted light of the pressure sensitive film and the fluid pressure;
2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model to be tested and placing the pressure sensitive film in a flow field to be tested;
3) starting an excitation light source to irradiate the pressure-sensitive film to generate emission light;
4) the optical signal processing unit is used for collecting and processing the emitted light, specifically, a camera is used for shooting pictures to collect the emitted light, and the surface pressure distribution of the measured body is determined according to the calibration result and the light intensity change in the actual test through the post-processing of the computer.
Further, in the step 1), the calibration process of the pressure sensitive film is carried out in a calibration system, wherein the calibration system comprises a calibration box and a calibration optical processing unit; a fluid pump and an observation window are arranged in the calibration box, the fluid pump comprises an air pump or a water pump, and the fluid pressure in the calibration box can be controlled; the calibration optical processing unit comprises a calibration excitation light source, a calibration filter lens, a calibration camera arranged behind the calibration filter lens and a calibration computer electrically connected with the calibration camera;
the calibration process comprises the following steps:
1-1) fixing the pressure sensitive film in the calibration box so that the pressure sensitive film can be observed in an observation window of the calibration box;
1-2) when the excitation light source is calibrated and closed, a calibration camera collects a background noise photo;
1-3) starting a calibration excitation light source to irradiate the pressure sensitive film, adjusting the pressure of fluid in a calibration tank by using a fluid pump, and acquiring a photo by using a calibration camera to obtain a calibration photo;
1-4) analyzing the background noise picture and the calibration picture by using a calibration computer, and fitting the light intensity of the picture according to the given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of the pressure-light intensity.
Further, in the step 4), the post-processing is to combine the calibration curve, analyze the image shot by the camera in the testing process, and convert the light intensity in the image into the fluid pressure to obtain the pressure information of the tested surface.
The invention provides a brand-new pressure sensitive film testing system based on fluorescent elastic microspheres. The pressure sensitive film is embedded with a micron-sized fluorescent elastic microsphere, so that the pressure sensitive film has good compressibility and elasticity and good ultraviolet fluorescence characteristic. Under the irradiation of stable exciting light, the fluorescence intensity, namely the emission light intensity, emitted by the fluorescent elastic microspheres is weakened along with the compression deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres.
The using process of the invention is as follows:
1) preparing a pressure sensitive film: heating the foamed microspheres to obtain expanded foamed microspheres, then adding a fluorescent dye solution and heating to perform fluorescent dyeing on the surfaces of the expanded foamed microspheres to obtain fluorescent elastic microspheres, and mixing and curing PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and the fluorescent elastic microspheres to obtain a pressure sensitive film;
2) calibrating the pressure sensitive film: fixing the pressure-sensitive film in a calibration box, collecting background noise pictures by a calibration camera, irradiating the pressure-sensitive film by a calibration excitation light source, adjusting the pressure of fluid in the calibration box, collecting calibration pictures under different fluid pressures by the calibration camera, removing noise from the calibration pictures according to the noise pictures, and finally fitting the light intensity of the pictures according to given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of pressure-light intensity;
3) a fluid pressure test system was set up and used: attaching a pressure sensitive film to the surface of a model to be tested, placing the model to be tested in a flow field, providing a stable excitation light field for the pressure sensitive film by an excitation light source, collecting and processing emitted light by an optical signal processing unit, and obtaining the pressure distribution of the tested surface in the flow field to be tested according to the light intensity in a photo and a pressure-light intensity calibration curve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) compared with the common piezoelectric sensor, the invention well solves the problem of the full-field measurement of the surface pressure of the model to be measured in the flow field to be measured;
2) the pressure sensitive film is simple to prepare, does not need to carry out special treatment on the surface of the model to be measured, and can provide a pressure field image with higher resolution, so that the efficiency and the precision of measuring the surface pressure of the model to be measured are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid pressure measurement system based on a pressure-sensitive membrane in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pressure sensitive membrane of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the expanded microspheres of the present invention before and after expansion under heat, wherein the diameter of the expanded microspheres increases from 30 μm to 300 μm after expansion under heat;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure-sensitive membrane in example 2;
the notation in the figure is:
1-flow field to be measured, 2-model to be measured, 3-exciting light, 4-emitting light, 5-exciting light source, 6-optical filter, 7-camera, 8-computer, 9-elastic transparent colloid, 10-fluorescent elastic microsphere and 11-Y type optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the following examples are provided to illustrate that the pressure sensitive membrane and pressure measurement system can be used to measure the surface pressure distribution of objects in a water tunnel. The schematic structure of the test system is shown in fig. 1.
The invention provides the following preparation method for preparing the pressure sensitive film based on the fluorescent elastic microspheres shown in figure 2:
(1) taking a certain amount of unexpanded foamed microspheres (Expancel 980DU 120) in a 50mL beaker, and putting the microspheres in a drying oven to keep the temperature at 185 ℃ for 15min to obtain the expanded foamed microspheres shown in figure 3;
(2) after the beaker is cooled, adding a proper amount of ethanol into the beaker to immerse the expanded foaming microspheres, adding nile red until the mixture is saturated, putting the beaker into a drying oven, and preserving the temperature for 12 hours at 50 ℃;
(3) taking out the beaker, filtering off excessive ethanol in the beaker by using a filter paper funnel, then putting the filter paper back into a drying oven, and preserving the temperature for 15min at 50 ℃ to obtain the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
(4) taking a liquid PDMS colloid and a curing agent, and preparing PDMS silica gel, wherein the mass ratio of the colloid to the curing agent is 33: 1; adding 0.06g of fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 into every 10g of PDMS silica gel, uniformly stirring in a beaker, and putting into a vacuum box with the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa for 15min to remove bubbles;
(5) coating the liquid PDMS silicone rubber mixed with the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 obtained in the previous step on the surface of a glass sheet, wherein the coating thickness is 0.9 mm; putting the glass plate carrying the silica gel into a drying box, and preserving heat for 3 hours at 50 ℃ and under a vacuum degree of-0.04 MPa;
(6) and stripping the silica gel film from the glass sheet to obtain the pressure sensitive film.
Before testing, the invention needs to calibrate the pressure of the pressure sensitive film based on the fluorescent elastic micro-10. The camera 7 is PCO1600, the excitation light source 5 is an ultraviolet LED lamp (UV-LED), and the filter 6 is a band-pass filter 6 with the wavelength of 600 +/-25 nm. The calibration process is described as follows:
(1) fixing the pressure-sensitive film in the calibration box so that the pressure-sensitive film can be observed in an observation window of the calibration box;
(2) and under the UV-LED closed state, a group of background noise pictures are taken, and the average is taken as a noise matrix. Within the pressure range of 0-50kPa, taking a sampling pressure point every 5kPa, totally 11 points, irradiating a pressure sensitive film at each pressure point by using a UV-LED, taking 10 photos by using a camera 7 with a filter lens 6, and averaging to obtain a light intensity matrix of the pressure point;
(3) and performing row-column average on the noise matrix to obtain a noise value. And averaging the light intensity matrix of each pressure point, subtracting the noise value, and normalizing to obtain the light intensity value of the pressure point. And fitting the light intensity value to obtain a pressure-light intensity curve by combining the pressure value of the pressure point.
After the pressure-light intensity curve of the pressure sensitive film is obtained, the pressure sensitive film can be used for testing. The camera 7, excitation light source 5 and filter 6 are the same as those used in the calibration process. The test procedure was as follows:
(1) installing a calibrated pressure sensitive film in an interest area of a model 2 to be tested, and installing the model 2 to be tested in a flow field 1 to be tested, namely a water tunnel, in a proper way so that the pressure sensitive film is aligned to an observation window of the water tunnel;
(2) installing a filter 6, a camera 7 and a UV-LED, so that the exciting light 3 can excite the pressure sensitive film, and the camera 7 can also receive a signal of the emitted light 4 of the pressure sensitive film;
(3) before the water tunnel is opened, the UV-LED is opened, 10 pictures are collected and averaged to be used as a reference image. Opening a water hole, opening a UV-LED after a flow field is stabilized, collecting emitted light 4 emitted by the pressure sensitive film, and obtaining 10 pictures to be averaged to be a light intensity image;
(4) and dividing the value on the light intensity image (matrix) by the value on the same position of the reference image (matrix) to obtain a light intensity change matrix. And (4) combining the calibration curve, converting the light intensity change matrix into a pressure matrix, and acquiring the pressure information of the measured surface.
The pressure measurement system of the embodiment can be used for measuring the full-field pressure distribution of the model 2 to be measured in various shapes under various different flow field environments.
Example 2:
the invention provides the following embodiments, which illustrate that the pressure-sensitive film based on the fluorescent elastic microspheres can be combined with other optical elements to meet different requirements of a flow field pressure test. In this example, the pressure sensitive film may be used to measure the pressure value at any point in the wind tunnel with the limited observation window in combination with optical elements such as the optical fiber and the spectroscope. A schematic diagram of the test system is shown in fig. 4.
First, a pressure-sensitive film based on fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 was prepared and calibrated as in example 1.
These new instruments or materials are used in this example. The UV glue (Lantian UV shadowless glue 9308) is a transparent high-strength glue without ultraviolet fluorescence characteristics, and the thickness of the glue film can be controlled in a micron level. The Y-shaped optical fiber 11 is a fiber made of glass or plastic, which can be used as a light conducting means, and has a beam splitter inside, which is used in this embodiment as a passage for the excitation light 3 and the emission light 4. By using the Y-fiber 11, the excitation light source 5 and the camera 7 can be separated at different positions, and the excitation light 3 can be ensured to enter the Y-fiber 11 correctly, and the emission light 4 can enter the camera 7 smoothly. The test procedure was as follows:
(1) cutting the obtained pressure sensitive film into a proper shape, and adhering one end of the Y-shaped optical fiber 11 by using UV adhesive;
(2) fixing one end of the Y-shaped optical fiber 11, which is adhered with the pressure sensitive film, at an interest point in the wind tunnel, and fixing the other end outside the wind tunnel to be aligned with the bandwidth dielectric film reflecting mirror;
(3) the bandwidth dielectric film reflecting mirror is arranged in a horizontal direction at an angle of 45 degrees, an excitation light source 5, namely a UV-LED, is horizontally arranged to align with the reflecting mirror, and a filter 6/a camera 7 is vertically arranged to align with the reflecting mirror;
(4) before the wind tunnel is started, the UV-LED is started, 10 pictures are collected and averaged to be used as a reference image. Opening a water hole, opening a UV-LED after a flow field is stabilized, collecting emitted light 4 emitted by the pressure sensitive film, and obtaining 10 pictures to be averaged to be a light intensity image;
(5) and (4) performing row-column averaging on the numerical value on the light intensity image (matrix), and dividing the numerical value by the row-column averaged numerical value of the reference image (matrix) to obtain a light intensity change curve. And (4) combining the calibration curve, converting the light intensity change matrix into a pressure curve, and acquiring pressure information of the measured point.
The pressure measurement system of the embodiment can be used for measuring pressure changes of various positions in various flow field environments.
Example 3:
a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film comprises the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model 2 to be measured, an excitation light source 5 and an optical signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensitive film comprises an elastic transparent colloid 9 and fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 distributed in the elastic transparent colloid 9;
the pressure sensitive film has elasticity and can adapt to models 2 to be measured with different surface types.
During testing, the model 2 to be tested is placed in the flow field 1 to be tested, the excitation light source 5 emits excitation light 3, the stable excitation light field is provided for the pressure sensitive film through the excitation light source 5, the pressure sensitive film absorbs the excitation light 3 and emits emission light 4, and the optical signal processing unit collects and processes the emission light 4 so as to measure the whole-field pressure distribution of various models to be tested in various flow fields 1 to be tested.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is used as a packaging substrate for coating, carrying and uniformly distributing the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 emit the emitted light 4 under the irradiation of the specific exciting light 3, the intensity of the emitted light 4 is related to the elastic deformation degree thereof, namely, when the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be measured is influenced by the fluid pressure, so that the deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is generated, the light intensity of the emitted light 4 is changed accordingly, and the fluid pressure information can be obtained according to the light intensity by correlating the relationship between the fluid pressure and the light intensity of the emitted light 4.
The excitation light source 5 can provide the excitation light 3 required for exciting the pressure-sensitive thin-film fluorescent dye, and the wavelength band of the excitation light 3 and the wavelength band of the emission light 4 are not overlapped.
The thickness of the pressure sensitive film was 0.3 mm.
The optical signal processing unit includes a filter 6, a camera 7 disposed behind the filter 6, and a computer 8 electrically connected to the camera 7.
The camera 7 is used for collecting the emitted light 4; the computer 8 is used for analyzing and processing the emitted light 4, and the filter 6 is used for filtering the exciting light 3 and the ambient light, so that the interference of the exciting light 3 and the ambient light is eliminated.
The camera 7 is a CCD camera which can convert image pixels into digital signals with a high resolution.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is made of PDMS, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 are expanded foamed microspheres dyed by fluorescent dye, and the expanded foamed microspheres are expanded.
The expanded beads had a diameter of 150 μm.
The preparation method of the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) heating the foamed microspheres to 180 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10min, and cooling to obtain expanded foamed microspheres;
2) adding a methanol solution of saturated fluorescent dye into the expanded foaming microspheres, heating to 40 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, filtering out liquid, and keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
3) mixing liquid PDMS with a curing agent to prepare PDMS colloid, adding the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, and vacuumizing for 10min to remove bubbles to obtain liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
4) and (3) coating the liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 on the surface of the inert plate, wherein the coating thickness is 0.3mm, and then drying in vacuum at 40 ℃ for 1h to obtain the pressure-sensitive film.
In the step 3), the mass ratio of the liquid PDMS to the curing agent is 30:1, the mass ratio of the PDMS colloid to the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is 1:0.001, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.1 MPa.
In the step 4), the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.05 MPa, and the inert plate is a glass plate.
The testing method of the fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film to obtain the relationship between the light intensity of the emitted light 4 of the pressure sensitive film and the fluid pressure;
2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model 2 to be tested and placing the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be tested;
3) starting an excitation light source 5 to irradiate the pressure sensitive film to generate emission light 4;
4) the emitted light 4 is collected and processed by an optical signal processing unit, specifically, the emitted light 4 is collected by taking a picture by a camera 7, and the surface pressure distribution of the measured body is determined by post-processing of a computer 8 according to a calibration result and the light intensity change during actual test.
In the step 1), the calibration process of the pressure sensitive film is carried out in a calibration system, and the calibration system comprises a calibration box and a calibration optical processing unit; a fluid pump and an observation window are arranged in the calibration box, the fluid pump comprises an air pump or a water pump, and the pressure of fluid in the calibration box can be controlled; the calibration optical processing unit comprises a calibration excitation light source, a calibration filter lens, a calibration camera arranged behind the calibration filter lens and a calibration computer electrically connected with the calibration camera;
the calibration process comprises the following steps:
1-1) fixing the pressure sensitive film in the calibration box so that the pressure sensitive film can be observed in an observation window of the calibration box;
1-2) when the excitation light source is calibrated and closed, a calibration camera collects a background noise photo;
1-3) starting a calibration excitation light source to irradiate the pressure sensitive film, adjusting the pressure of fluid in a calibration tank by using a fluid pump, and acquiring a photo by using a calibration camera to obtain a calibration photo;
1-4) analyzing the background noise picture and the calibration picture by using a calibration computer, and fitting the light intensity of the picture according to the given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of the pressure-light intensity.
In the step 4), the post-processing is to combine the calibration curve, analyze the image shot by the camera 7 in the test process, convert the light intensity in the image into the fluid pressure, so as to obtain the pressure information of the measured surface.
Example 4:
a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film comprises the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model 2 to be measured, an excitation light source 5 and an optical signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensitive film comprises an elastic transparent colloid 9 and fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 distributed in the elastic transparent colloid 9;
the pressure sensitive film has elasticity and can adapt to models 2 to be measured with different surface types.
During testing, the model 2 to be tested is placed in the flow field 1 to be tested, the excitation light source 5 emits excitation light 3, a stable excitation light field is provided for the pressure sensitive film through the excitation light source 5, the pressure sensitive film absorbs the excitation light 3 and emits emission light 4, and the optical signal processing unit collects and processes the emission light 4 so as to measure the whole-field pressure distribution of the various models 2 to be tested in the various flow fields 1 to be tested.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is used as a packaging substrate for coating, carrying and uniformly distributing the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 emit the emitted light 4 under the irradiation of the specific exciting light 3, the intensity of the emitted light 4 is related to the elastic deformation degree thereof, namely, when the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be measured is influenced by the fluid pressure, so that the deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is generated, the light intensity of the emitted light 4 is changed accordingly, and the fluid pressure information can be obtained according to the light intensity by correlating the relationship between the fluid pressure and the light intensity of the emitted light 4.
The excitation light source 5 can provide the excitation light 3 required for exciting the pressure-sensitive thin-film fluorescent dye, and the wavelength band of the excitation light 3 and the wavelength band of the emission light 4 are not overlapped.
The thickness of the pressure sensitive film was 1 mm.
The optical signal processing unit includes a filter 6, a camera 7 disposed behind the filter 6, and a computer 8 electrically connected to the camera 7.
The camera 7 is used for collecting the emitted light 4; the computer 8 is used for analyzing and processing the emitted light 4, and the filter 6 is used for filtering the exciting light 3 and the ambient light, so that the interference of the exciting light 3 and the ambient light is eliminated.
The camera 7 is a CCD camera which can convert image pixels into digital signals with a high resolution.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is made of PDMS, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 are expanded foamed microspheres dyed by fluorescent dye, and the expanded foamed microspheres are expanded.
The expanded beads had a diameter of 300. mu.m.
The preparation method of the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) heating the foamed microspheres to 190 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 15min, cooling to obtain expanded foamed microspheres, wherein the heating temperature and the heating time are changed according to the types of the polymer shell and the volatile solvent and the size of the target expanded foamed microspheres;
2) adding an ethanol solution of saturated fluorescent dye until the saturated fluorescent dye is immersed in the expanded foaming microspheres, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature for 14 hours, filtering out liquid, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes at 60 ℃ to obtain fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
3) mixing liquid PDMS with a curing agent to prepare PDMS colloid, adding the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, and vacuumizing for 20min to remove bubbles to obtain liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
4) and (3) coating the liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 on the surface of the inert plate, wherein the coating thickness is 1mm, and then drying in vacuum for 5h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the pressure-sensitive film.
In the step 3), the mass ratio of the liquid PDMS to the curing agent is 35:1, the mass ratio of the PDMS colloid to the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is 1:0.01, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.05 MPa.
In the step 4), the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.01 MPa, and the inert plate is a copper plate.
The testing method of the fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film to obtain the relationship between the light intensity of the emitted light 4 of the pressure sensitive film and the fluid pressure;
2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model 2 to be tested and placing the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be tested;
3) starting an excitation light source 5 to irradiate the pressure sensitive film to generate emission light 4;
4) the emitted light 4 is collected and processed by an optical signal processing unit, specifically, the emitted light 4 is collected by taking a picture by a camera 7, and the surface pressure distribution of the measured body is determined by post-processing of a computer 8 according to a calibration result and the light intensity change during actual test.
In the step 1), the calibration process of the pressure sensitive film is carried out in a calibration system, and the calibration system comprises a calibration box and a calibration optical processing unit; a fluid pump and an observation window are arranged in the calibration box, the fluid pump comprises an air pump or a water pump, and the pressure of fluid in the calibration box can be controlled; the calibration optical processing unit comprises a calibration excitation light source, a calibration filter lens, a calibration camera arranged behind the calibration filter lens and a calibration computer electrically connected with the calibration camera;
the calibration process comprises the following steps:
1-1) fixing the pressure sensitive film in the calibration box so that the pressure sensitive film can be observed in an observation window of the calibration box;
1-2) when the excitation light source is calibrated and closed, a calibration camera collects a background noise photo;
1-3) starting a calibration excitation light source to irradiate the pressure sensitive film, adjusting the pressure of fluid in a calibration tank by using a fluid pump, and collecting calibration pictures by using a calibration camera;
1-4) analyzing the background noise picture and the calibration picture by using a calibration computer, and fitting the light intensity of the picture according to the given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of the pressure-light intensity.
In the step 4), the post-processing is to combine the calibration curve, analyze the image shot by the camera 7 in the test process, convert the light intensity in the image into the fluid pressure, so as to obtain the pressure information of the measured surface.
Example 5:
a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film comprises the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model 2 to be measured, an excitation light source 5 and an optical signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensitive film comprises an elastic transparent colloid 9 and fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 distributed in the elastic transparent colloid 9;
the pressure sensitive film has elasticity and can adapt to models 2 to be measured with different surface types.
During testing, the model 2 to be tested is placed in the flow field 1 to be tested, the excitation light source 5 emits excitation light 3, a stable excitation light field is provided for the pressure sensitive film through the excitation light source 5, the pressure sensitive film absorbs the excitation light 3 and emits emission light 4, and the optical signal processing unit collects and processes the emission light 4 so as to measure the whole-field pressure distribution of the various models 2 to be tested in the various flow fields 1 to be tested.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is used as a packaging substrate for coating, carrying and uniformly distributing the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 emit the emitted light 4 under the irradiation of the specific exciting light 3, the intensity of the emitted light 4 is related to the elastic deformation degree thereof, namely, when the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be measured is influenced by the fluid pressure, so that the deformation of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is generated, the light intensity of the emitted light 4 is changed accordingly, and the fluid pressure information can be obtained according to the light intensity by correlating the relationship between the fluid pressure and the light intensity of the emitted light 4.
The excitation light source 5 can provide the excitation light 3 required for exciting the pressure-sensitive thin-film fluorescent dye, and the wavelength band of the excitation light 3 and the wavelength band of the emission light 4 are not overlapped.
The thickness of the pressure sensitive film was 0.9 mm.
The optical signal processing unit includes a filter 6, a camera 7 disposed behind the filter 6, and a computer 8 electrically connected to the camera 7.
The camera 7 is used for collecting the emitted light 4; the computer 8 is used for analyzing and processing the emitted light 4, and the filter 6 is used for filtering the exciting light 3 and the ambient light, so that the interference of the exciting light 3 and the ambient light is eliminated.
The camera 7 is a CCD camera which can convert image pixels into digital signals with a high resolution.
The elastic transparent colloid 9 is made of PDMS, the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 are expanded foamed microspheres dyed by fluorescent dye, and the expanded foamed microspheres are expanded.
The diameter of the expanded foaming microsphere is 150-300 μm.
The preparation method of the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) heating the foamed microspheres to 170 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 12min, cooling to obtain expanded foamed microspheres, wherein the heating temperature and the heating time are changed according to the types of the polymer shell and the volatile solvent and the size of the target expanded foamed microspheres;
2) adding acetone solution of saturated fluorescent dye until the expanded foaming microspheres are immersed, heating to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12 hours, filtering out liquid, and keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for 17 minutes to obtain fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
3) mixing liquid PDMS with a curing agent to prepare PDMS colloid, adding the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10, and vacuumizing for 170min to remove bubbles to obtain liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10;
4) and (3) coating the liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 on the surface of the inert plate, wherein the coating thickness is 0.9mm, and then drying in vacuum for 3h at 50 ℃ to obtain the pressure-sensitive film.
In the step 3), the mass ratio of the liquid PDMS to the curing agent is 32:1, the mass ratio of the PDMS colloid to the fluorescent elastic microspheres 10 is 1:0.008, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.07 MPa.
In the step 4), the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying process is-0.03 MPa, and the inert plate is a stainless steel plate.
The testing method of the fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film to obtain the relationship between the light intensity of the emitted light 4 of the pressure sensitive film and the fluid pressure;
2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model 2 to be tested and placing the pressure sensitive film in the flow field 1 to be tested;
3) starting an excitation light source 5 to irradiate the pressure sensitive film to generate emission light 4;
4) the emitted light 4 is collected and processed by an optical signal processing unit, specifically, the emitted light 4 is collected by taking a picture by a camera 7, and the surface pressure distribution of the measured body is determined by post-processing of a computer 8 according to a calibration result and the light intensity change during actual test.
In the step 1), the calibration process of the pressure sensitive film is carried out in a calibration system, and the calibration system comprises a calibration box and a calibration optical processing unit; a fluid pump and an observation window are arranged in the calibration box, the fluid pump comprises an air pump or a water pump, and the pressure of fluid in the calibration box can be controlled; the calibration optical processing unit comprises a calibration excitation light source, a calibration filter lens, a calibration camera arranged behind the calibration filter lens and a calibration computer electrically connected with the calibration camera;
the calibration process comprises the following steps:
1-1) fixing the pressure sensitive film in the calibration box so that the pressure sensitive film can be observed in an observation window of the calibration box;
1-2) when the excitation light source is calibrated and closed, a calibration camera collects a background noise photo;
1-3) starting a calibration excitation light source to irradiate the pressure sensitive film, adjusting the pressure of fluid in a calibration tank by using a fluid pump, and acquiring a photo by using a calibration camera to obtain a calibration photo;
1-4) analyzing the background noise picture and the calibration picture by using a calibration computer, and fitting the light intensity of the picture according to the given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of the pressure-light intensity.
In the step 4), the post-processing is to combine the calibration curve, analyze the image shot by the camera 7 in the test process, convert the light intensity in the image into the fluid pressure, so as to obtain the pressure information of the measured surface.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film is characterized by comprising the pressure sensitive film arranged on the surface of a model to be measured (2), an excitation light source (5) and an optical signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensitive film comprises an elastic transparent colloid (9) and fluorescent elastic microspheres (10) distributed in the elastic transparent colloid (9);
the elastic transparent colloid (9) is made of PDMS, the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10) are expanded foaming microspheres dyed by fluorescent dye, and the expanded foaming microspheres are expanded foaming microspheres;
the preparation method of the pressure sensitive film comprises the following steps:
1) heating the foamed microspheres to 190 ℃ at 180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, and cooling to obtain expanded foamed microspheres;
2) adding a fluorescent dye solution, heating to 40-60 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-14h, filtering out liquid, and keeping the temperature at 40-60 ℃ for 10-20min to obtain fluorescent elastic microspheres (10);
3) mixing liquid PDMS with a curing agent to prepare PDMS colloid, then adding the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10), and vacuumizing for 10-20min to obtain liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10);
4) and (3) coating liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10) on the surface of the inert plate, and then drying in vacuum for 1-5h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain the pressure sensitive film.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the optical signal processing unit comprises a filter (6), a camera (7) disposed behind the filter (6), and a computer (8) electrically connected to the camera (7).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the solvent of the fluorescent dye solution is one or more of methanol, ethanol or acetone.
4. The fluid pressure measurement system based on the pressure-sensitive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the mass ratio of the liquid PDMS to the curing agent is 30-35:1, the mass ratio of the PDMS colloid to the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10) is 1:0.001-0.01, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum process is-0.1 MPa to-0.05 MPa.
5. The fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the inert plate is one of a glass plate, a copper plate or a stainless steel plate, the liquid PDMS silicone rubber of the fluorescent elastic microspheres (10) is coated on the surface of the inert plate to a thickness of 0.3-1mm, and the vacuum degree during the vacuum drying process is-0.05 MPa to-0.01 MPa.
6. A method of testing a pressure sensitive membrane based fluid pressure measurement system according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) calibrating the pressure sensitive film;
2) attaching the pressure sensitive film to the surface of the model (2) to be tested, and placing the model (2) to be tested in the flow field (1) to be tested;
3) starting an excitation light source (5) to irradiate the pressure-sensitive film to generate emission light (4);
4) the emitted light (4) is collected and processed by an optical signal processing unit.
7. The method for testing a fluid pressure measuring system based on a pressure sensitive film according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the calibration process comprises the following steps:
1-1) fixing the pressure sensitive film in a calibration box;
1-2) closing the calibration excitation light source, and collecting a background noise photo by using a calibration camera;
1-3) starting a calibration excitation light source to irradiate the pressure sensitive film, adjusting the pressure of fluid in a calibration tank by using a fluid pump, and acquiring a photo by using a calibration camera to obtain a calibration photo;
1-4) analyzing the background noise picture and the calibration picture by using a calibration computer, and fitting the light intensity of the picture according to the given pressure to obtain a calibration curve of the pressure-light intensity.
8. The method for testing the fluid pressure measuring system based on the pressure sensitive film as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step 4), the processing procedure is as follows: and (3) converting the light intensity of the emitted light (4) collected by the optical signal processing unit into fluid pressure by combining the calibration curve, thereby obtaining the pressure information of the surface of the model to be measured (2).
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| CN112378576B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-03-25 | 西北工业大学 | Optical pressure sensitive coating pressure calibrating device based on CCD camera |
| CN112781781B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江启尔机电技术有限公司 | Disturbance force measuring device of immersion control unit |
| CN112652060A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-modal visual and tactile sensing system and method based on particle image velocimetry |
| CN113405762A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-17 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Visual measurement method for deformation attitude of wind tunnel model |
| CN113092051B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Measuring system and measuring method for dynamic pressure and flow field distribution of wind tunnel test |
| CN116735069B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-10-31 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Novel flow field pressure optical measurement method |
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