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CN110294531B - Water treatment system and method based on ecological core wetland - Google Patents

Water treatment system and method based on ecological core wetland Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110294531B
CN110294531B CN201910598070.4A CN201910598070A CN110294531B CN 110294531 B CN110294531 B CN 110294531B CN 201910598070 A CN201910598070 A CN 201910598070A CN 110294531 B CN110294531 B CN 110294531B
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water
treatment
wetland
subsurface flow
biological filter
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CN110294531A (en
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孙永健
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Nanjing Frontier Environmental Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Frontier Environmental Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/10Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14NH3-N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/16Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/18PO4-P
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40Liquid flow rate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The system comprises an upper subsurface flow wet stratum and a lower biological filter layer, wherein the upper subsurface flow wet stratum comprises a support grid, a planting groove (15-2), a filler (2), plants (3) and water inlet and outlet pipes; the lower biological filter layer comprises a filter tank body, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a biological medium (6), an aeration device (7), a mud discharging pipe (8), a water outlet (10) and a flow regulating device (11); the system also includes a dosing system (microorganisms and carbon source) and a remote control system. The subsurface flow wetland packing layer at least comprises a phosphorus adsorption material, plants are planted on the packing layer, and pollutants in water are removed together through interception, deposition, adsorption and microorganism action of the packing layer and absorption of plant root systems; the biological filter is a plurality of treatment tanks which are partially filled with biological media; the treatment tanks are guided by a guide pipeline; a water flow channel is arranged between the upper subsurface flow wetland and the lower biological filter.

Description

Water treatment system and method based on ecological core wetland
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a water treatment system and method based on an ecological core wetland.
Background
River and lake are cradles for cultivating civilization, and play an indispensable role in agricultural production, industrial development and social construction. However, in recent years, the rapid development of industrialization and city causes serious water environment pollution, destroys the ecological function of water bodies, and even causes seasonal or perennial black and odorous phenomena in many rivers and lakes. The pollution of natural water body mainly comes from initial rainwater, tail water discharge of sewage plant, agricultural sewage and the like. Taking rain and sewage diversion as an example, with the acceleration of urban ecological civilization construction pace, although urban pipe network construction is becoming perfect, the connection rate of urban sewage is still difficult to realize by 100%. And rural sewage is small and dispersed, and the pipe network collecting system is not sound, so that centralized treatment is difficult. Meanwhile, agricultural non-point source pollution caused by rainfall is also one of the main source ways of environmental water pollution.
In view of the above, related water treatment systems (such as CN107720973A, CN201711273851 and CN108439720 a) have been studied and applied, and the effluent is stable, and even can reach the class IV surface water standard. However, these water treatment systems are simply systems that combine multiple reaction tanks/processes to form a single fixed process flow, and therefore, require a large amount of land area. In addition, the wetland units are all dependent on the existing land, so that the placement positions of other units are necessarily required to surround the wetland units, and the requirements on the terrain are high.
The subsurface flow wetland is an artificial landscape which takes hydrophilic plants as surface greening matters and sandstone soil as a filler, so that water naturally permeates and filters. The artificial wetland system has the advantages of no surface water, small occupied area and the like, and is widely used at home and abroad. Compared with the general activated sludge method, the biological filter tank integrates biological oxidation and interception of suspended solids, saves a subsequent sedimentation tank (secondary sedimentation tank), and has the characteristics of large volume load, large hydraulic load, short hydraulic retention time, small required capital investment, small occupied area, good effluent quality, low operation energy consumption, low operation cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water treatment system and a water treatment method based on an ecological core wetland, which integrate a subsurface flow wetland and a biological filter tank, are suitable for treating municipal sewage, tail water of a sewage plant, surface water and initial rainwater, and have the advantages of small occupied area, flexible process, stable water output and easy operation and maintenance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the system comprises an upper subsurface flow wet stratum and a lower biological filter layer, wherein the upper subsurface flow wet stratum comprises a support grid, a planting groove (15-2), a filler (2), plants (3) and a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the lower biological filter layer comprises a filter tank body, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a biological medium (6), an aeration device (7), a mud discharging pipe (8), a water outlet (10) and a flow regulating device (11); the system also includes a dosing system (microorganisms and carbon source) and a remote control system.
The subsurface flow wetland packing layer at least comprises a phosphorus adsorption material and grading materials with different particle diameters, plants are planted on the packing layer, and pollutants in water, especially total phosphorus, are removed by the aid of interception, deposition, adsorption, microorganism action of the packing layer and absorption of plant roots. The biological filter is a plurality of treatment tanks which are partially filled with biological media; the treatment tanks are guided by a guide pipeline; biological medium in the treatment tank removes total nitrogen and total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, COD and ss, especially total nitrogen under the environment of different carbon nitrogen ratios, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH by attaching microorganism populations including anaerobic, facultative and aerobic;
A water flow channel is arranged between the upper subsurface flow wetland and the lower biological filter, and water flows through the subsurface flow wetland layer and the biological filter layer through ascending or descending or backflow to treat water together.
The constructed wetland is a subsurface flow constructed wetland and comprises a vertical subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland; the water pipe of which the water inlet pipeline is arranged at the upper layer subsurface flow wetland surface layer part comprises a spray pipe or a spray head, and the water pipe of which the water inlet pipeline is arranged at the upper layer subsurface flow wetland surface layer part comprises a spray pipe or a spray head; horizontal subsurface flow wetland, wherein water flow is perpendicular to plant root system and slowly pushed from water inlet end to water outlet end along horizontal direction; when vertical subsurface flow is carried out, water in the wetland flows slowly from the surface layer to the bottom layer through a spray head or a spray pipe; the horizontal undercurrent slowly flows in the plant root system layer from the inlet along the horizontal direction; the water flow direction in the vertical subsurface flow wetland and the plant root system layer are in a parallel state, and the effluent collecting system is arranged at the bottom of the wetland; the filler layer of the subsurface flow wetland comprises a phosphorus adsorption material, graded filler and planting soil. The filler area (2) is generally provided with 3-5 layers from bottom to top of coarse-fine grading materials, and comprises coarse-fine particle size gravels, volcanic rocks, biomass ceramsite, small-particle size zeolite, phosphorus adsorption media and planting soil, the thickness of the filler area (2) is generally 60-100 cm, the paving thickness of the phosphorus adsorption media is 20-40 cm, and the phosphorus adsorption materials can be biomass carbon, iron carbon or resin adsorption materials. The undercurrent wetland can be added with slow-release organic matters as carbon sources. These organic materials may include crushed and fermented materials such as straw, rice straw, wood dust, etc., which provide a portion of the carbon source for the underlying biofilter layer.
The biological filter unit is composed of a plurality of tank bodies (9), the number of the tank bodies (9) is determined according to the water treatment capacity, and the biological filter unit at least comprises an aerobic nitrification reaction tank and an anaerobic or anoxic denitrification reaction tank or a plurality of synchronous nitrification denitrification tanks, and the daily treatment capacity of the single treatment tank body (unit) is 100-2000 m 3; the treatment units are connected in series or in parallel, and the number of the parallel units is determined by dividing the total daily treatment water amount by the daily treatment amount of the single treatment unit; the biological medium (6) of the biological filter is movable or fixed, the medium can be biological sand filter, net bubble type filler, biomass charcoal and elastic filler, the filling rate is 20-100%, the water permeability is 20-95%, and the shape of the biological medium can be square, round or filiform. Each tank body (9) of the biological filter layer is provided with an oxygenation air pipe, a medicament supplementing pipeline and a mud discharging pipeline, wherein the oxygenation air pipe mainly provides dissolved oxygen for the system and realizes cleaning and updating of the surface of a biological medium; the medicament supplementing pipeline mainly provides a carbon source and a microbial liquid agent for the system; the sludge discharge pipeline periodically discharges sludge at the bottom of the treatment tank.
The system is provided with a central processor, the input signals of the central processor are input by chemical sensors, temperature, liquid level and flow sensors distributed in the pipeline and the container, and the control signals of the central processor are connected with electric valves arranged on the water pump, the fan, the water inlet and outlet pipeline, the air supply pipeline and the chemical supplementing pipeline, and the remote water quality automatic monitoring system.
Further, the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland unit is of a movable structure, the movable structure forms the arrangement of the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland unit in a module mode, a movable module box body is formed by a metal pipe frame, pulleys are arranged below the movable module and run in guide rails arranged on the wall of a treatment pool, a water collecting device is arranged at the bottom side of the subsurface flow wetland unit, and water flows back to a front-end biological treatment pool through a water collecting guide pipe for deep purification; the discharge of the aeration is accomplished through the gap between the moving unit and the wall. The movable structure is convenient for replacing the filler of the upper wetland unit, and the adsorbed phosphorus-rich layer, namely the phosphorus adsorption medium, can be directly moved out of the module to be used as a slow-release carbon source of the phosphate fertilizer or the biological filter. The movable structure is convenient for the overhaul and the maintenance of the lower biological filter.
The water treatment system and the method based on the ecological core wetland are obtained based on the structure, and the water treatment method comprises the following steps:
a. when in operation, a plurality of water treatment systems are connected in series or in parallel according to the requirement;
b. A part of water to be treated (with adjustable proportion) enters an upper-layer subsurface flow wet stratum through a water inlet pipeline 4 for treatment, a subsurface flow wet stratum filler area 2 is formed by combining grading materials with different particle sizes and different materials, a seed selection plant 3 is a surface greening plant, and the aim of water quality purification is fulfilled through the absorption, the interception, the deposition, the adsorption and the biochemical actions of a plant root system, mainly the removal of total phosphorus, and water treated by the subsurface flow layer wetland flows back to the water inlet end of a biological filter through a water collecting device;
c. The other part of water to be treated directly flows into the lower biological filter layer through the water inlet pipe 5, and a plurality of biological filters filled with biological media with different specific surface areas and water permeability are used for removing TN, TP, NH 3 -N, COD and SS, especially total nitrogen, under the environment of different carbon nitrogen ratios, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH by fixing anaerobic, facultative and aerobic microorganism populations;
d. All the treated water is finally discharged through the water outlet 10 or enters the next water treatment unit.
The planting groove 15-2 consists of a metal pipe frame, a plastic or wood partition board, an impermeable membrane and a water outlet, a pulley is arranged below the planting groove, a water collecting device is arranged on a guide rail arranged on the wall of the treatment tank in a rolling sliding manner, and water flow can flow back to the front end of the biological filter layer through the water collecting device for deep treatment; said; the planting groove is provided with a water outlet and a valve capable of adjusting flow, and the valve is used for controlling the running water level and the maintenance water level of the wetland, so that the hydraulic retention time of the wetland is controlled to be within 10 hours. The bottom of the planting groove is 15-2 degrees and has a gradient of 5-10 degrees, and the lower end of the planting groove is positioned at the water collecting device, so that the water collecting and/or the backflow of the subsurface wet stratum are facilitated.
The filler zone 2 is generally provided with 3-5 layers from bottom to top of coarse-fine grading materials, and comprises coarse-fine particle size gravels, volcanic rocks, biomass ceramsite, small-particle size zeolite, phosphorus adsorption media and planting soil, the thickness of the filler zone 2 is generally 60-100 cm, the paving thickness of the phosphorus adsorption media is 20-40 cm, and the phosphorus adsorption materials can be biomass carbon, iron carbon or resin adsorption materials.
The filler area 2 is provided with a water distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe adopts a spray head mode and is uniformly sprayed, plants are planted on the planting soil, pollutants in the water body are removed through growth and absorption of root systems of the plants, the plants are harvested and removed regularly, the water body is purified, and the investment of the planted plants is low, operation and maintenance are convenient.
The lower biological filter layer of the ecological core wetland system consists of 3 to 5 series units, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 5 is positioned at the lower end of the biological filter, water flows through each treatment unit in a baffling mode, the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged, and the hydraulic retention time is generally controlled within 6 hours. The multipath biological filters can be connected in parallel; the ecological core wetland system is connected in parallel for improving the ton water quantity of daily treatment and connected in series for further improving the effluent quality; the water inlet can be municipal sewage, tail water of a sewage plant, surface water, initial rainwater and the like, and the water outlet can be four types of water or three types of water.
The ecological core wetland system divides the flow of the uplink water and the downlink water through a control valve. The water distribution pipe is sprayed with the upward water to the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland, the water distribution pipe is automatically filled with a filler layer of the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland, the uniformity of water distribution and water collection of the wetland system is ensured, meanwhile, pollutants are prevented from blocking the water distribution pipe, and the upward water passes through the subsurface flow wetland with various plants to achieve the aim of purifying the water body under the action of the plant absorption and filler layer, and mainly the removal of total phosphorus is realized; the descending water passes through the multistage biological filler treatment area of the lower biological filter, has obvious treatment effect on total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD, and especially has the removal of total nitrogen. The upward water body accounts for 20-50% of the total water quantity, and after being treated by the subsurface flow wetland, the upward water body and the downward water are combined to finish the purification treatment of the multistage biological treatment area of the biological filter tank, and the purification treatment reaches the emission standard.
The beneficial effects are that: when the invention is operated, a plurality of water treatment systems are connected in series or in parallel according to the requirement; a part of water to be treated enters an upper subsurface flow wet stratum for treatment through a flow regulating device, and sewage treated by the subsurface flow layer wetland can be used as regulating water to flow back into the biological filter layer; the other part of the water to be treated directly flows into the lower biological filter layer for treatment, and aeration and microorganisms are controlled according to the requirement to remove specific pollutants in the water; and finally discharging all the treated water or entering a next-stage water treatment unit.
The invention integrates the subsurface flow wetland and the biological filter, and fully combines the functions and advantages of biological water treatment and landscape ecology. The stability of removing pollutants by the biological filter is good, and the biological filter is not influenced by seasons; the treatment efficiency is high, the occupied area is small, the cleaning is easy, and the blocking phenomenon can not occur; the subsurface flow wetland can intercept and remove phosphorus-based pollutants and simultaneously provide necessary ecological landscape effect, and the construction and operation costs are low. The ecological core wetland has the characteristics of small occupied area, flexible process, stable water output, easy operation and maintenance and long service life, and is suitable for treating municipal sewage, tail water of sewage plants, surface water and initial rainwater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-biochemical cell structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the component of FIG. 2 rotated 90 degrees.
The components in the drawings are marked as follows: 1. the device comprises a supporting net frame, 2, a filling area, 3, plants, 4, a water inlet pipeline, 5, a water inlet pipe, 6, biological media, 7, an aeration device, 7-1 aeration pipes, 8, a mud discharge pipe, 9, a tank body, 10, a water outlet, 11 and a flow regulating device. The filler is biologically filled in the 12 pools, water pipes are arranged between the 13 pools, and the 14 pipes are supported. 15 supporting device, 15-1 supporting column, 15-2 planting groove (water-receiving aqueduct, integrated with supporting column and concrete integrated structure).
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to examples and figures. The following examples are not intended to limit the invention in any way. All technical schemes obtained by adopting equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
The system comprises an upper subsurface flow wet stratum and a lower biological filter layer, wherein the upper subsurface flow wet stratum consists of a supporting grid, a planting groove, a filler, plants and a water inlet pipeline; the lower biological filter layer consists of a water inlet pipe, a biological medium, an aeration device and a sludge discharge pipe; the whole system also comprises a flow regulating device, a tank body and a water outlet.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on ecological core wetland, the water treatment method is as follows: when in operation, a plurality of water treatment systems are connected in series or in parallel according to the requirement; part of water to be treated (with adjustable proportion) enters an upper subsurface flow wet stratum through a water inlet pipeline to be treated, and water treated by the subsurface flow layer wetland can be used as adjusting water to fall into a biological filter layer under the action of gravity; the other part of water to be treated directly flows into the lower biological filter layer through the water inlet pipe and is treated by microorganisms attached to the biological medium, and the aeration quantity, the carbon nitrogen ratio and the pH are controlled according to the requirement to remove specific pollutants in the water body; and finally discharging all the treated water body through a water outlet or entering a water treatment unit at the next stage.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the support net rack supports the planting groove, the upper layer of the planting groove is provided with the water distribution pipe, and aquatic plants with strong water purification capability are planted in the planting groove.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the packing area of the planting groove is generally configured with 3-5 layers of coarse-fine grading materials from bottom to top, and the packing area comprises coarse-fine particle size gravels, volcanic rocks, biomass ceramsite, small-particle size zeolite, phosphorus adsorption media and planting soil, the thickness of the packing area is generally 60-100 cm, and the paving thickness of the phosphorus adsorption media is 20-40 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, a part of the water pipe of the subsurface flow wetland water inlet pipeline placed in the upper subsurface flow wetland stratum adopts a spray pipe or a spray head form, so that the horizontal subsurface flow wetland or the vertical subsurface flow wetland function can be realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe of the lower biological filter is positioned at the lower end of the biological filter, and the water flows through the multistage treatment tanks in a baffling manner, so that the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the biological medium is movable or fixed, the medium may be biological sand filter, mesh foam type filler, biomass charcoal, elastic filler, etc., the filling rate is 20% -100%, the water permeability is 20% -95%, and the shape of the medium may be square, round, filiform, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the supporting net frame is made of metal, and the bottom of the planting groove has a gradient of 5-10 degrees, so that sludge is accumulated at the bottom of one end of the water outlet.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the water outlet is located at the opposite side of the water inlet pipe, and the difference between the height of the water outlet and the height of the water inlet pipe is not less than 5cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the water treatment system and method based on the ecological core wetland, the lower layer of the ecological core wetland system, that is, the underground layer treatment tank, is a biological treatment tank, which is composed of 3 to 5 groups of serial units, and a plurality of biological treatment tanks can be connected in parallel; the ecological core wetland system is connected in parallel for improving the water quantity of treatment and connected in series for improving the water quality of treatment.
The invention aims at municipal domestic sewage, tail water of a sewage plant, surface water, primary rainwater and the like.
The packing layer of the wetland is provided with a water distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe adopts a spray head mode and is uniformly sprayed, plants are planted on the planting soil, pollutants in the water body are removed through the growth and the absorption of root systems of the plants, the water body is purified by regularly harvesting and removing the plants, and the investment of the planted plants is low, the operation and the maintenance are convenient; the filler layer is provided with fillers with different particle diameters, and the fillers are coarse particle diameter gravel, biomass ceramsite, small particle diameter zeolite, phosphorus adsorption medium and planting soil respectively. The water after the upper green planting treatment can be discharged outside or provided with a carbon source through a planting groove (a water receiving aqueduct, a concrete integrated structure) and then flows to a lower biological filter, wherein the structure of four biological filters is shown in the figure, biological media are arranged in the structure, and anaerobic, facultative and aerobic (aeration) can be respectively selected. A water pipe is arranged between the tanks. In order to utilize the water level difference and save energy, the water level elevation of each pool is controlled to be different, and the water can automatically flow through each pool.
The ecological core wetland system divides the flow of the uplink water and the downlink water through a control valve. The water distribution pipe is sprayed with the upward water to the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland, the water distribution pipe is automatically filled with a filler layer of the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland, the uniformity of water distribution and water collection of the wetland system is ensured, meanwhile, pollutants are prevented from blocking the water distribution pipe, and the upward water passes through the subsurface flow wetland with various plants to achieve the aim of purifying the water body under the action of the plant absorption and filler layer, and mainly the removal of total phosphorus is realized; the descending water passes through the multistage biological filler treatment area of the lower biological filter, has obvious treatment effect on total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD, and especially has the removal of total nitrogen. The upward water body accounts for 20-50% of the total water quantity, and after being treated by the subsurface flow wetland, the upward water body and the downward water are combined to finish the purification treatment of the multistage biological treatment area of the biological filter tank, and the purification treatment reaches the emission standard. The cell bodies of the biological filter cells are all formed by underground pipe structures, and the upper subsurface flow wetland cells are connected with the pipe structures by water pipes. The diameter of the underground pipe is more than 160 cm, the interlayer is provided to form a biological filter unit, the upper subsurface flow wetland unit green planting frame is placed on the upper part of the pipe body, the upper part of the pipe body of the aerobic tank is windowed, the anaerobic tank is not windowed, the anaerobic effect is better, the pipeline connection of the inner unit tank body adopts a water pipe (self-flowing or pump driving can be adopted), and the construction cost and the running cost can be reduced.
Example 1
The daily treatment of 5000 tons of municipal tail water is carried out, the inflow TN and TP are respectively 12.8mg/L and 0.49mg/L, and the outflow TN and TP are required to reach the surface IV water standard, namely 1.5mg/L and 0.3mg/L. Three ecological core wetland units are arranged for series treatment, and the water passing mode is as follows: 20% of inflow water flows upward through the upper subsurface flow wet stratum, then flows back to the inflow region of the first unit of the lower biological filter layer, and 80% of inflow water is converged, treated by the first unit, flows into the second unit and the third unit, and finally is discharged. The laying thickness of the subsurface flow wet stratum filler area is 1m, the temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the HRT is controlled to be 10h. The effective height of the lower biological filter is 3 meters, the residence time is 8 hours, the final effluent TN and TP are respectively 1.4mg/L and 0.20mg/L, and the TN and TP removal rates are respectively 89% and 59%.
Example 2
1000 Tons of domestic sewage are treated daily, 5 units are arranged in series to form one group, and 2 groups are arranged in total. And 2 groups of units are treated in parallel, and sewage is evenly distributed into 2 groups of ecological core wetland treatment systems. Aeration of the lower biological filter layer is stopped for 30min every 40min, the temperature is 15-30 ℃, and each group of HRT is controlled at 8h. Finally, the effluent reaches the first-level A discharge standard.
Example 3
The water quality of a certain river channel is inferior V-class water, and the indexes of CODcr and NH 3 -N, TP are respectively 60mg/L, 10mg/L and 0.4mg/L. 10000 tons of river channel water quality is improved by daily treatment, and 5 groups of ecological core wetlands are arranged. Each group of ecological core wetlands has the treatment capacity of 2000m 3/d, and each group of ecological core wetlands consists of 3 units connected in series. The retention time of the biological filter of each group of ecological core wetlands is 6h, the effluent indexes CODcr, NH 3 -N and TP respectively reach the quasi-four water standards of 25mg/L, 1.2mg/L and 0.20mg/L, and the removal rates respectively reach 58%, 88% and 50%.

Claims (7)

1. The water treatment system based on the ecological core wetland is characterized by comprising an upper subsurface flow wet stratum and a lower biological filter layer, wherein the upper subsurface flow wet stratum comprises a support grid, a planting groove (15-2), a filling area (2), plants (3) and water inlet and outlet pipes; the lower biological filter layer comprises a filter tank body, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a biological medium (6), an aeration device (7), a mud discharging pipe (8), a water outlet (10) and a flow regulating device (11); the system also comprises a microorganism and carbon source dosing system and a remote control system; the subsurface flow wetland filler area comprises phosphorus adsorption materials and grading materials with different particle diameters, plants are planted on the filler area, and pollutants in water, including total phosphorus, are removed by entrapment, deposition and adsorption of the filler area, microorganism action of the filler area and absorption of plant root systems; the biological filter is a plurality of treatment tanks which are partially filled with biological media; the treatment tanks are guided by a guide pipeline; biological medium in the treatment tank is used for removing total nitrogen and total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, COD and ss under the environment of different carbon nitrogen ratios, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH by attaching microorganism populations including anaerobic, facultative and aerobic; including removal of total nitrogen; a water flow channel is arranged between the upper subsurface flow wetland and the lower biological filter, and water flows through the subsurface flow wetland layer and the biological filter layer through ascending or descending or backflow to treat water together;
The system is provided with a control valve for controlling the flow of the uplink water and the downlink water in a split manner; the water distribution pipe is used for sprinkling the uplink water on the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland, the filler layer of the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland is automatically filled, the uniformity of water distribution and water collection of the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland is ensured, meanwhile, pollutants are prevented from blocking the water distribution pipe, and the uplink water passes through the subsurface flow wetland planted with various plants, so that the water body is purified under the action of the plant absorption and filler layer, namely the total phosphorus is removed; the descending water passes through a multistage biological filler treatment area of the lower biological filter to remove total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD; the upward water body accounts for 20-50% of the total water quantity, and after being treated by the subsurface flow wetland, the upward water body is combined with the downward water to finish the purification treatment of the multistage biological treatment area of the biological filter tank, and the purification treatment reaches the emission standard; the cell bodies of the biological filter cells are all formed by underground tubular structures, and the upper subsurface flow wetland cells are connected with the tubular structures by water pipes;
a part of water to be treated enters an upper subsurface flow wet stratum for treatment through a flow regulating device, and sewage treated by the subsurface flow layer wetland flows back into a biological filter layer as regulating water; the other part of the water to be treated directly flows into the lower biological filter layer for treatment, and aeration and microorganisms are controlled according to the requirement to remove specific pollutants in the water; all the treated water is finally discharged or enters a next-stage water treatment unit;
The filler area (2) is prepared from coarse-fine grading materials from bottom to top and is provided with 3-5 layers, wherein the filler area comprises coarse-fine particle size gravels, volcanic rocks, biomass ceramsite, small-particle size zeolite, phosphorus adsorption media and planting soil, the thickness of the filler area (2) is 60-100 cm, the paving thickness of the phosphorus adsorption media is 20-40 cm, and the phosphorus adsorption materials are biomass carbon, iron carbon or resin adsorption materials;
The upper subsurface flow wetland is vertical subsurface flow or horizontal subsurface flow; the water flow in the horizontal undercurrent is perpendicular to the plant root system and slowly pushed to flow from the water inlet end to the water outlet end along the horizontal direction; the water flow in the vertical undercurrent slowly flows from the surface layer to the bottom layer in parallel with the plant root system, and the packing layer of the undercurrent wetland comprises a phosphorus adsorption material, graded packing and planting soil; the biological filter is composed of a plurality of tank bodies (9), the number of the tank bodies (9) is determined according to the water treatment capacity, and the biological filter at least comprises an aerobic nitrification reaction tank and an anaerobic or anoxic denitrification reaction tank or a plurality of synchronous nitrification denitrification tanks, and the daily treatment capacity of a single treatment unit is 100-2000 m 3; the treatment units are connected in series or in parallel, and the number of the parallel units is determined by dividing the total daily treatment water amount by the daily treatment amount of the single treatment unit; the biological medium (6) of the biological filter is movable or fixed, the medium is biological sand, net foam type filler, biomass charcoal and elastic filler, the filling rate is 20-100%, the water permeability is 20-95%, and the shape of the biological medium is square, round and filiform; each tank body (9) of the biological filter layer is provided with an oxygenation air pipe, a medicament supplementing pipeline and a mud discharging pipeline, wherein the oxygenation air pipe provides dissolved oxygen for the system and realizes cleaning and updating of the surface of biological media; the medicament supplementing pipeline provides a carbon source and a microbial liquid agent for the system; the sludge discharge pipeline periodically discharges sludge at the bottom of the treatment tank.
2. The water treatment system based on ecological core wetland according to claim 1, wherein the system is provided with a central processor, the input signals of the central processor are input by chemical sensors, temperature, liquid level and flow sensors distributed in pipelines and containers, and the control signals of the central processor are connected with electric valves equipped with a water pump, a fan, a water inlet and outlet pipeline, a gas supply pipeline and a chemical supplementing pipeline, and a remote water quality automatic monitoring system.
3. The water treatment system based on the ecological core wetland according to claim 1, wherein the upper-layer subsurface flow wetland unit is of a movable structure, the support grid is formed by welding a metal pipe frame, the planting groove is formed by a plastic or wooden partition plate and an impermeable film, a pulley is arranged below the planting groove, and the planting groove rolls and slides on a guide rail arranged on the wall of the treatment pool; the bottom side of the subsurface flow wetland unit is provided with a water collecting device, and water flows back to a first treatment pool of the biological filter layer through the water collecting device for advanced treatment; the bottom of the planting groove is inclined at an angle of 5-10 degrees, and the lower section of the planting groove is positioned at the water collecting device, so that water collection and/or backflow of the subsurface wet stratum are facilitated; the movable structure of the upper subsurface flow wetland unit forms the arrangement of the upper subsurface flow wetland unit in a modular manner.
4. The water treatment system based on ecological core wetland according to claim 1, wherein the tank body of the biological filter unit is formed by an underground pipe structure, and the upper subsurface flow wetland unit is connected with the pipe structure by a water pipe.
5. A method of treatment of an ecological core wetland based water treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein, in operation, a plurality of such water treatment systems are connected in series or in parallel as required; b. the method is characterized in that part of water to be treated with adjustable proportion enters an upper-layer undercurrent wet stratum through a water inlet pipeline (4) to be treated, a filler area (2) of the undercurrent wet stratum is formed by combining graded materials with different particle sizes and different materials, a seed selection plant (3) is a surface greening plant, the aim of water quality purification is fulfilled through absorption, entrapment, deposition, adsorption and biochemical actions of a plant root system, the main point is that total phosphorus is removed, and water treated by the undercurrent wet stratum flows into a first treatment pool of a lower biological filter through a water outlet of a planting groove (1) to flow into a water collecting device to participate in deepening treatment; the other part of water to be treated directly flows into a lower biological filter layer through a water inlet pipe (5), and a plurality of biological filters filled with biological media with different specific surface areas and water permeability are used for removing TN, TP, NH3-N, COD and SS under the environment of different carbon nitrogen ratios, dissolved oxygen, temperatures and pH values by fixing anaerobic, facultative and aerobic microorganism populations; and d, finally discharging all the treated water through a water outlet (10) or entering a water treatment unit at the next stage.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a water collecting end water outlet of the subsurface flow wet stratum is provided with a valve for adjusting flow rate, and the valve is used for controlling the running water level and the maintenance water level of the wet stratum so as to control the hydraulic retention time of the wet stratum, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the wet stratum is controlled within 10 hours; the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe (5) of the biological filter layer is positioned at the lower end of the biological filter, and water flows through each treatment unit in a baffling mode, so that the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged, and the hydraulic retention time is controlled within 6 hours.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the biofilter layer of the ecological core wetland system consists of 3 to 5 series units, and multiple biofilters can be connected in parallel; the ecological core wetland system is connected in parallel for improving ton water quantity of daily treatment and connected in series for improving effluent quality; the inflow water is municipal sewage, tail water of a sewage plant, surface water and initial rainwater, and the outflow water is four types of water or three types of water.
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