A kind of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and in particular to a kind of high-cleanness, high rare earth steel electroslag remelting production process
The method of middle control non-metallic inclusion tinyization.
Background technique
Rare earth element commonly used in harmful field trash in the refinement tissue of steel, modified steel, inhibit harmful element segregation in steel,
To improve the service performances such as the corrosion resistance, welding performance and anti-fatigue performance of steel.For need to refine by electroslag remelting
Steel grade, such as mould steel and high-speed steel, people usually pass through primary carbide in the solidified structure of rare earth treatment refinement steel, steel
And nitride, improve toughness, wearability and anti-fatigue performance of steel etc..But rare earth is added in steel and inevitably results from
A large amount of re inclusions, such as rare earth oxide is mingled with, rare earth oxide and calcium-aluminate are formed complex inclusion and dilute
Native oxysulfide etc..The size of re inclusion in strict control steel is needed in actual production, to reduce its harm to steel.
Rare earth is usually that molten steel is added in induction furnace smelting or ladle refining process in the form of alloy.In rare earth steel
Smelting process in, rare earth be added molten steel in after can be modified non-metallic inclusion pre-existing in molten steel (such as calcium-aluminate,
Magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminum oxide), also newborn re inclusion can be generated with the dissolution group elementary reaction in molten steel.These contain
The field trash of rare earth is easy agglomeration during ladle molten steel flow, while being added the original field trash of molten steel, steel before rare earth
The influence of the factors such as liquid oxygen content, slag composition and ladle lining, the bigger (> of size of re inclusion in usual steel
5 microns), and the fusing point of re inclusion is high.These re inclusions are not easily removed in subsequent esr process, most
It is retained in Electro Slag Remelting Steel eventually.In steel large-sized re inclusion not only endanger steel processing and service performance (for example, reduce work
The impact flexibility and fatigue behaviour of mould steel), and also reduce the ratio that rare earth is dissolved in steel.Therefore, it is necessary to strict controls
The size of re inclusion in rare earth steel.
Research and production practices show, consumable big by the size of induction furnace or electric arc furnaces+LF refining steel inclusion
Original re inclusion in electrode is not easily removed, and the size of the newly-generated field trash of esr process is usually thin
It is small.Therefore, exploring one kind can make in the native oxide entrained components that esr process is completely removed, and smelting
Standby consumable electrode process realizes that composition of inclusions is precisely controlled, and is maximized in gas shield esr process by technical measures
Molten steel secondary oxidation is reduced, and rare earth alloy is added online, it would be beneficial to the refinement of Yu Shixian high-cleanness, high rare earth steel inclusion.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of method for refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion, it can
Suitable for the production of high-cleanness, high electroslag remelting rare earth steel, oxide all in consutrode is made to be mixed in esr process
Middle whole is removed, be mixed in derived from native oxide in consutrode the dissolved oxygen of generation is decomposed in molten steel can be anti-with Rare-Earth Ce
It answers, it is tiny in the newly-generated inclusion size of esr process, solve the problems, such as that inclusion size is big in rare earth Electro Slag Remelting Steel.
According to the technique and scheme of the present invention, a kind of method refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion is provided,
It is characterized in that, which comprises
Step 1: according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, alloy material being placed in just furnace and is smelted into molten steel, the molten steel is adopted
With Si-Mn alloy deoxidation, aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel are controlled;
Step 2: by the molten steel after the deoxidation successively through external refining, obtained consutrode of casting;
Step 3: the obtained consutrode being subjected to electroslag remelting refining, controls newly-generated field trash during this
Size.
Further, in the step 1, alloy material is placed in just furnace and is smelted into molten steel then successively through external refining
Cheng Zhong, molten steel use the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, molten steel dissolved aluminum mass percentage content≤0.01%, oxygen mass percentage content
≤ 0.008%, calcium mass percentage content≤0.0003%, magnesium mass percentage content≤0.0003%, LF refining slag binary
Basicity is 0.8~1.0.
Further, it in the step 1, casts and consumable electrode process is made using whole atmosphere protection casting.
Further, it in the step 2, is added online in electroslag remelting refining process with the dilute of Ce-Fe alloy form
Soil.
Further, in the step 2, electroslag remelting refining process carries out under dry argon atmosphere, guarantees that gas is protected
Micro-positive pressure in shield.
Further, in the step 2, gas shield esr process carries out slag deoxidation using aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder,
Aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder are alternately added in slag, interval are added 2~4 minutes, and aluminum shot additional amount is 0.1~0.3 kilogram of steel per ton, silicon
The additional amount of calcium powder is 0.1~0.4 kilogram of steel per ton.
Further, in the step 1, the external refining uses LF refining or LF+VD process route.
Further, in the step 1, the LF refining time is 30-50min, vacuum retention time 10- when VD is vacuum-treated
15min, vacuum degree 60-70Pa.
Further, in the step 1, the LF refining time be 40min, VD be vacuum-treated when vacuum retention time 12min,
Vacuum degree 68Pa.
Further, before step 2 electroslag remelting, the oxide iron sheet of consutrode is removed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is proposed by using Si-Mn to close in the smelting process for preparing consutrode
Golden deoxidation controls aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel, makes field trash low melting point in consutrode made from molding casting
MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system field trash.In the consutrode esr process then carried out, all MnO-SiO2-Al2O3
Field trash is removed.Its removal pathway is that a part is absorbed and removed by slag, remaining MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system is mingled with
Object can be decomposed into the dissolution constituent element in molten steel, and it is dilute that the dissolved oxygen in metal drop and molten bath in molten steel reacts generation with Rare-Earth Ce
Native oxide is mingled with or rare earth oxysulfide is mingled with.Field trash in final ESR ingot is newly-generated field trash.These are new
Raw re inclusion size is very tiny (2 microns of <).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the method flow diagram of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows field trash MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 typical in H13 steel consutrode;
Fig. 3 shows typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel electroslag ingot casting;
Fig. 4 shows in comparative example typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel consutrode;
Fig. 5 shows in comparative example typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel electroslag ingot casting.
Specific embodiment:
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
A kind of method of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion of the invention is real by the following technical programs
Existing:
Step 1): raw material is sequentially placed into just furnace and is smelted into molten steel then successively through external refining, obtained consumable of casting
Electrode;
Step 2): electrode is obtained using step 1) and carries out electroslag remelting refining as consutrode.It, will be from power consumption before electroslag remelting
Pole carries out the processing that strips off the skin, and to remove the oxide iron sheet of consutrode, molten steel oxygenation when preventing electroslag remelting generates field trash.
During the just furnace melting+external refining of step 1, molten steel uses the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, molten steel dissolved aluminum
Content≤0.01%, oxygen content≤0.008%, calcium content≤0.0003%, content of magnesium≤0.0003%, LF refining slag diacidic base
Degree is 0.8~1.0, so that the steel inclusion for being used in consutrode is the MnO-SiO of low melting point2-Al2O3It is field trash.Steel
Liquid casting prepares consumable electrode process using whole atmosphere protection casting.
In the production of rare earth steel, forbid preparing in consumable electrode process in induction furnace or electric arc furnaces+LF smelting to molten steel
Interior addition rare earth.This will be avoided in consutrode that there are re inclusions, especially large scale rare-earth field trash.Rare earth with
The form of Ce-Fe alloy is added online in esr process.
It is carried out under dry argon atmosphere when electroslag remelting, guarantees micro-positive pressure in gas shield cover.This will significantly improve electricity
The recovery rate of slag reflow process addition rare earth.
Gas shield esr process carries out slag deoxidation using aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder, both deoxidiers are alternately added molten
In slag, interval is added 2~4 minutes, aluminum shot additional amount is 0.1~0.3 kilogram of steel per ton, and the additional amount of silicon calcium powder is steel per ton
0.1~0.4 kilogram, with while improving electroslag steel cleanness, also avoiding molten steel oxygen content height leads to re inclusion
Assemble and grows up.
External refining uses LF or LF+VD process route.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, this example is protected using induction furnace melting → LF refining → VD refining → atmosphere protection casting → atmosphere
It protects electroslag remelting and produces special steel containing rare earth, this example is for producing the H13 mould steel containing Ce.Induction furnace melting → LF refining
The consutrode chemical component composition and mass percentage that → VD refining → atmosphere protection is poured are shown in Table 1.
The chemical component (mass%) of 1 consutrode H13 mould steel of table
C |
Si |
Mn |
Cr |
Mo |
V |
Ca |
Mg |
Al |
S |
O |
0.38 |
0.93 |
0.3 |
4.9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
< 0.0002 |
0.0002 |
0.004 |
0.0029 |
0.0052 |
Low aluminium Si-Mn alloy is added portionwise after induction furnace tapping, while refined synthetic slag is added.LF and VD refining process
In, LF total refining time is 40min, vacuum retention time 12min, vacuum degree 68Pa when VD is vacuum-treated.In LF refining master
Deoxidation, temperature control, composition adjustment are carried out, and the floating removal of molten steel inclusion is promoted by stirring.In consutrode steel
Field trash is MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system field trash, as shown in Figure 2.
Before the electroslag remelting for carrying out consutrode, consutrode is first subjected to the processing that strips off the skin, to remove consutrode
Oxide iron sheet.Using gas shield electroslag remelting H13 steel.It is dry to first pass through gas for argon gas in gas shield esr process
Drying system and enter gas shield cover, argon flow 50NL/min.Rare earth is in the form of Ce-Fe alloy in esr process
It is added online in esr process, ton steel additional amount is 2.2 kilograms.Gas shield esr process uses aluminum shot and silicon
Calcium powder carries out slag deoxidation, both deoxidiers are alternately added in slag, interval is added 2~4 minutes, and aluminum shot additional amount is steel per ton
0.15 kilogram, the additional amount of silicon calcium powder is 0.2 kilogram of steel per ton.Electroslag remelting terminates after steel ingot is cooled to room temperature, deviates from steel
Ingot, chemical component are as shown in table 2.
The chemical component (mass%) of table 2H13 steel electroslag ingot casting
|
C |
Si |
Mn |
Cr |
Mo |
V |
Ca |
Mg |
Al |
Ce |
S |
O |
Embodiment 1 |
0.38 |
0.90 |
0.3 |
4.9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
< 0.0002 |
< 0.0002 |
0.008 |
0.0018 |
0.0020 |
0.0018 |
Embodiment 2 |
0.38 |
0.91 |
0.3 |
4.9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
< 0.0002 |
< 0.0002 |
0.009 |
0.0025 |
0.0018 |
0.0016 |
Field trash in ESR ingot is as shown in Figure 3.Field trash after electroslag in rare earth steel is Ce2O2S, almost all of dilute
2 microns of native inclusion size <.Oxygen and sulfur content significantly reduce in steel after electroslag, and oxygen content is dropped by the 0.0052% of consutrode
Down to 0.0018% and 0.0016%, sulfur content is reduced to 0.0020% and 0.0018% by the 0.0029% of consutrode.
For comparative illustration effect of the invention, has chosen H13 steel and Rare-Earth Ce is added in consutrode preparation process, then
The comparative experiments that ESR ingot is made in atmosphere protected electro-slag re-melting is carried out, the field trash in the steel of electroslag front and back is analyzed.Before electroslag certainly
Field trash in power pole is as shown in figure 4, the field trash in ESR ingot is as shown in Figure 5.Folder before and after electroslag remelting in rare earth steel
Sundries is Ce2O2S, and size is substantially at 4~10 microns, and re inclusion has the characteristic that polymerization is grown up.
It is found that using technology of the invention, rare earth steel inclusion is obviously refined for comparative example and comparative example,
And the cleanliness of steel is significantly improved.
Embodiments set forth herein just furnace melting is using induction furnace, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this hair
First furnace melting in bright includes but is not limited to induction furnace, can also use electric arc furnaces or converter.