CN110218917B - Alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials. The alloy aluminum bar comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg1.5-3.3%, Si0.7-1.1%, Cu1.0-1.7%, Fe0.04-0.1%, Mn0.35-0.7%, Ni0.2-0.6%, Ti0.07-0.12%, Y0.15-0.3%, Er0.07-0.1%, Gd0.05-0.11%, La0.07-0.24%, the total amount of other metallic and non-metallic impurity elements is not more than 0.5%, and the balance is aluminum. The alloy aluminum bar is prepared by the steps of melting, alloying, refining, casting, homogenizing treatment, extrusion forming and the like. By adding rare earth elements, the dendritic cell structure can be refined, the iron with a needle structure in the aluminum liquid is converted into particles, the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of the aluminum bar are improved, and the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy part prepared by the aluminum bar is reduced. The alloy aluminum bar prepared by the invention has high strength, high plasticity, excellent corrosion resistance, no tendency of spalling corrosion, stress corrosion and intercrystalline corrosion, good processing and welding performance, is suitable for manufacturing automobile parts and has excellent industrial application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high cost performance, attractive appearance, good plasticity, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, strong processability and the like, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields of automobiles, machinery, aerospace and the like. The aluminum bar is a kind of intermediate product with a large using amount in the aluminum alloy, and in the traditional preparation process, some defects such as slag inclusion, air holes and the like are easily generated in the smelting process. The defects easily cause the reduction of tensile strength and plasticity resistance of the aluminum alloy bar in the later extrusion processing, so that the processed product of the aluminum alloy is a waste product due to the generation of cracks, extrusion dark lines, granular burrs and the like, and the yield of the aluminum profile is reduced.
Therefore, the method for adding elements into the aluminum alloy and improving the preparation process of the aluminum alloy is an effective method for improving the quality of the aluminum alloy. The components of the aluminum alloy and the parameters of the preparation process have key influence on the mechanical property and the surface effect of the aluminum alloy, so that the selection of the components of the aluminum alloy and the parameters of the preparation process is a process worthy of long-term exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements and a preparation process thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of low tensile property and low elongation of the alloy aluminum bar in the prior art.
For this purpose, the invention proposes the following solutions:
an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg1.5-3.3%, Si0.7-1.1%, Cu1.0-1.7%, Fe0.04-0.1%, Mn0.35-0.7%, Ni0.2-0.6%, Ti0.07-0.12%, Y0.15-0.3%, Er0.07-0.1%, Gd0.05-0.11%, La0.07-0.24%, the total amount of other metallic and non-metallic impurity elements is not more than 0.5%, and the balance is aluminum.
Preferably, the alloy aluminum bar comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg2.6%, Si0.9%, Cu1.3%, Fe0.7%, Mn0.5%, Ni0.42%, Ti0.1%, Y0.22%, Er0.08%, Gd0.087%, La0.16%, and the balance of aluminum, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals is not more than 0.5%.
Preferably, the aluminum used is pure aluminum with a purity of 99.8%.
A preparation process of an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
melting: adding the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 710-735 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-fold 790 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Refining: adjusting the temperature to 680-705 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, performing powder spraying refining of a refining agent and a deslagging agent, controlling the air pressure to be 0.5-1.5Mpa, refining for 60min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 680-715 ℃, adding a refiner for grain refinement; then, filtering and deslagging the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining twice; the temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ and 710 ℃ for ingot casting.
Homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum ingot to 380-440 ℃, preserving heat for 7-11h, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 500-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy ingot in the extrusion cylinder at the extrusion speed of 0.3-0.8mm/s to obtain the finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
Preferably, the temperature in the alloying is kept after being heated to 778 ℃.
Preferably, the mass of the refining agent added in the refining is 0.15-0.33% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt, and the mass of the deslagging agent added in the refining is 0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt.
Preferably, the pressure is controlled to 0.11MPa during refining.
Preferably, the slag removal through twice filtration in the ingot casting is as follows: after deslagging through the glass fiber filter cloth, deslagging is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate.
Preferably, in the homogenization treatment, the alloy aluminum ingot is heated to 417 ℃ and is kept warm for 9 hours.
Preferably, in the extrusion molding, the extrusion speed is set to 0.6 mm/s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. as can be seen from Table 1, example 2 is the most preferred example, and the data for examples 1-3 are better than the data for comparative examples 1-5. Comparative example 5 shows that the performance of the alloy is also reduced without adding Y, Er, Gd and La. Examples 1-3 were compared to comparative example 5; in terms of tensile strength, examples 1 to 3 were improved by 19.3%, 20.9%, 18.9%, respectively, over comparative example 5; in terms of yield strength, examples 1-3 were improved by 36.5%, 39.5%, 34.6%, respectively, over comparative example 5; examples 1-3 showed 28.6%, 32.9%, 21.7% improvement in elongation over comparative example 5, respectively. According to the corresponding improvement rate, the formula and the preparation process of the alloy aluminum bar can effectively improve the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate of the obtained alloy aluminum bar. The performance of the alloy aluminum rods of comparative examples 1 to 5 is lower than that of the alloy aluminum rods of examples 1 to 3, and the added Y, Er, Gd and La elements play a role in improving the comprehensive performance of the alloy aluminum rods.
2. In the rare earth-added elements, the Y-added aluminum alloy has finer structure, can improve the oxidation resistance and the ductility of the aluminum alloy, greatly improves the high-temperature corrosion resistance, and after the Y is added, the aluminum alloy is subjected to heat treatmentThe surface of the alloy can form a continuous and compact protective oxide film, which can block the diffusion and immersion of oxygen and sulfur, and improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. The addition of Er can form Al3Er can obviously refine the as-cast crystal grains of the alloy, inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent, improve the thermal stability of the alloy, simultaneously improve the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy in different heat treatment states, refine the dendritic crystal cell structure and improve the recrystallization temperature. The Gd element enables the aluminum alloy crystal of the invention to be more refined, and effectively increases the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy; the La element can reduce the amount of dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum alloy melt, obviously improve the pinhole defect of the obtained casting and reduce the precipitation pressure of hydrogen in the aluminum alloy melt. Comparing the data of tensile strength and yield strength of example 2 with those of comparative examples 1-5, respectively, it can be seen that the four elements of Y, Er, Gd and La produce synergistic effects. Example 2 was 13.6 higher in tensile strength testing than comparative example 1 (433.8-420.2 ═ 13.6); example 2 is 22.4 higher than comparative example 2 (433.8-411.4 ═ 22.4); example 2 is 15.1 higher than comparative example 3 (433.8-418.7 ═ 15.1); example 2 is 11.7 higher than comparative example 4 (433.8-422.1 ═ 11.7); example 2 is 74.9 higher than comparative example 5 (433.8-358.9 ═ 74.9); in which the sum of the data of example 2 subtracted by the data of comparative examples 1 to 4 was 62.8(13.6+22.4+15.1+ 11.7: 62.8), which was less than 74.9 (62.8) which was decreased in example 2 relative to the case of comparative example 5 in which no Gd, Y, Er, Ce elements were added (62.8<74.9); the effect values of each of comparative examples 1 to 4 were subtracted from those of example 2, and the effect values of Y, Er, Gd, and La used in combination in the aluminum alloy rod were increased by 19.27% from the sum of the effect values of Y, Er, Gd, and La used alone in the aluminum alloy rod by (74.9 to 62.8)/62.8 × 100%, i.e., 19.27%, i.e., the effect value of tensile strength in combination. Example 2 is 14.9(264.7-249.8 ═ 14.9) in the yield strength test over comparative example 1; example 2 is 18.5 higher than comparative example 2 (264.7-246.2 ═ 18.5); example 2 is 14.6 higher than comparative example 3 (264.7-250.1 ═ 14.6); example 2 is 16.2(264.7-248.5 ═ 16.2) higher than comparative example 4; example 2 is 75 higher than comparative example 5(164.7-189.7 ═ 75); in which embodimentsThe sum of the data of comparative examples 1 to 4 subtracted from the data of 2 was 64.2(14.9+18.5+14.6+ 16.2: 64.2), which is less than 75 (64.2) lower than that of example 2 compared with comparative example 5 in which no Gd, Y, Er, Ce elements were added (64.2)<75) (ii) a The effect values of each of comparative examples 1 to 4 were subtracted from those of example 2, and the effect values of the elements Y, Er, Gd and La used in combination in the aluminum alloy rod were 16.82% higher than the sum of the effect values of the elements Y, Er, Gd and La used alone in the aluminum alloy rod, i.e., (75-64.2) ÷ 64.2 × 100%, (16.82%), i.e., the effect value of the yield strength in combination. The Y, Er, Gd and La elements generate corresponding synergistic effect, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy aluminum rod is proved to be lack of all the components.
3. The alloy aluminum bar prepared by the invention has high strength, high plasticity, excellent corrosion resistance, no tendency of spalling corrosion, stress corrosion and intercrystalline corrosion, good processing and welding performance, is suitable for manufacturing automobile parts and has excellent industrial application value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Example 1
An alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg1.5%, Si0.7%, Cu1.0%, Fe0.04%, Mn0.35%, Ni0.2%, Ti0.07%, Y0.15%, Er0.07%, Gd0.05%, La0.07%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals is not more than 0.5%, and the balance of aluminum.
The aluminum used was pure aluminum with a purity of 99.8%.
A preparation process of an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
melting: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 710 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and shaking the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Refining: adjusting the temperature to 680 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, spraying and refining a refining agent and a deslagging agent, wherein the mass of the refining agent is 0.15% of that of the aluminum alloy melt, the mass of the deslagging agent is 0.2% of that of the aluminum alloy melt, the air pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, the refining time is 60min, removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 680 ℃, adding a refiner for grain refinement; then removing slag of the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining through a glass fiber filter cloth, and removing slag through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate; the temperature was controlled to 700 ℃ for ingot casting.
Homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum cast ingot to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 500 ℃, then extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot in an extrusion cylinder at an extrusion speed of 0.3mm/s, and finishing extrusion to obtain a finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
Example 2
An alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg2.6%, Si0.9%, Cu1.3%, Fe0.7%, Mn0.5%, Ni0.42%, Ti0.1%, Y0.22%, Er0.08%, Gd0.087%, La0.16%, and the balance of aluminum, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals is not more than 0.5%.
The aluminum used was pure aluminum with a purity of 99.8%.
A preparation process of an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
melting: adding the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 720 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 778 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and shaking the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Refining: adjusting the temperature to 693 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, spraying powder and refining of a refining agent and a deslagging agent, wherein the mass of the refining agent is 0.24 percent of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt, the mass of the deslagging agent is 0.2 percent of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt, the air pressure is controlled to be 0.11MPa, the refining time is 60min, removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 695 ℃, adding a refiner to carry out grain refinement treatment; then removing slag of the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining through a glass fiber filter cloth, and removing slag through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate; the temperature was controlled to ingot at 704 ℃.
Homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum cast ingot to 417 ℃, preserving heat for 9 hours, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 500-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy ingot in the extrusion cylinder at the extrusion speed of 0.6mm/s to obtain the finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
Example 3
An alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg3.3%, Si1.1%, Cu1.7%, Fe0.1%, Mn1.5%, Ni0.6%, Ti0.12%, Y0.3%, Er0.1%, Gd0.11%, La0.24%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals is not more than 0.5%, and the balance is aluminum.
The aluminum used was pure aluminum with a purity of 99.8%.
A preparation process of an alloy aluminum bar containing rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
melting: adding the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 735 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 790 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Refining: adjusting the temperature to 705 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, performing powder spraying refining of a refining agent and a deslagging agent, controlling the air pressure to be 1.5Mpa, refining for 60min, skimming the surface of the molten aluminum alloy, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 715 ℃, adding a refiner for grain refinement; then removing slag of the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining through a glass fiber filter cloth, and removing slag through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate; the temperature was controlled to 710 ℃ for ingot casting.
Homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum cast ingot to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 11 hours, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 520 ℃, then extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot in an extrusion cylinder at an extrusion speed of 0.8mm/s, and finishing extrusion to obtain a finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
Comparative example 1
The composition, percentage of each component and process steps of the alloy aluminum bar are basically the same as those of the example 2, except that the Y element is not added in the components.
Comparative example 2
The components, percentages of the components and process steps of the aluminum alloy rod are basically the same as those of the aluminum alloy rod in example 2, except that no Er element is added in the components.
Comparative example 3
The components, percentages of the components and process steps of the aluminum alloy rod are basically the same as those of the example 2, except that no Gd element is added in the components.
Comparative example 4
The components, percentages of the components and process steps of the alloy aluminum bar are basically the same as those of the example 2, except that La element is not added in the components.
Comparative example 5
The components, the percentages of the components and the processing steps of the alloy aluminum bar are basically the same as those of the embodiment 2, except that Y, Er, Gd and La elements are not added in the components.
The Al alloy rods obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were prepared into Al alloy rods having a diameter of 30mm and tested in accordance with GB/T3191-1998, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of alloyed aluminum bars obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5
| Group of | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
| Example 1 | 428.1 | 259.0 | 20.7 |
| Example 2 | 433.8 | 264.7 | 21.4 |
| Example 3 | 426.7 | 255.3 | 19.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 420.2 | 249.8 | 18.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 411.4 | 246.2 | 17.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 418.7 | 250.1 | 18.2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 422.1 | 248.5 | 17.6 |
| Comparative example 5 | 358.9 | 189.7 | 16.1 |
As can be seen from Table 1, example 2 is the most preferred example, and the data for examples 1-3 are better than the data for comparative examples 1-5. Comparative example 5 shows that the performance of the alloy is also reduced without adding Y, Er, Gd and La. Examples 1-3 were compared to comparative example 5; in terms of tensile strength, examples 1 to 3 were improved by 19.3%, 20.9%, 18.9%, respectively, over comparative example 5; in terms of yield strength, examples 1-3 were improved by 36.5%, 39.5%, 34.6%, respectively, over comparative example 5; examples 1-3 showed 28.6%, 32.9%, 21.7% improvement in elongation over comparative example 5, respectively. According to the corresponding improvement rate, the formula and the preparation process of the alloy aluminum bar can effectively improve the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate of the obtained alloy aluminum bar. The performance of the alloy aluminum rods of comparative examples 1 to 5 is lower than that of the alloy aluminum rods of examples 1 to 3, and the added Y, Er, Gd and La elements play a role in improving the comprehensive performance of the alloy aluminum rods.
In the rare earth-added elements, the Y-added aluminum alloy has finer structure, can improve the oxidation resistance and the ductility of the aluminum alloy, greatly improves the high-temperature corrosion resistance, and after the Y is added,the surface of the aluminum alloy can form a continuous and compact protective oxide film, so that the diffusion and the immersion of oxygen and sulfur can be hindered, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved. The addition of Er can form Al3Er can obviously refine the as-cast crystal grains of the alloy, inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent, improve the thermal stability of the alloy, simultaneously improve the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy in different heat treatment states, refine the dendritic crystal cell structure and improve the recrystallization temperature. The Gd element enables the aluminum alloy crystal of the invention to be more refined, and effectively increases the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy; the La element can reduce the amount of dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum alloy melt, obviously improve the pinhole defect of the obtained casting and reduce the precipitation pressure of hydrogen in the aluminum alloy melt. Comparing the data of tensile strength and yield strength of example 2 with those of comparative examples 1-5, respectively, it can be seen that the four elements of Y, Er, Gd and La produce synergistic effects. Example 2 was 13.6 higher in tensile strength testing than comparative example 1 (433.8-420.2 ═ 13.6); example 2 is 22.4 higher than comparative example 2 (433.8-411.4 ═ 22.4); example 2 is 15.1 higher than comparative example 3 (433.8-418.7 ═ 15.1); example 2 is 11.7 higher than comparative example 4 (433.8-422.1 ═ 11.7); example 2 is 74.9 higher than comparative example 5 (433.8-358.9 ═ 74.9); in which the sum of the data of example 2 subtracted by the data of comparative examples 1 to 4 was 62.8(13.6+22.4+15.1+ 11.7: 62.8), which was less than 74.9 (62.8) which was decreased in example 2 relative to the case of comparative example 5 in which no Gd, Y, Er, Ce elements were added (62.8<74.9); the effect values of each of comparative examples 1 to 4 were subtracted from those of example 2, and the effect values of Y, Er, Gd, and La used in combination in the aluminum alloy rod were increased by 19.27% from the sum of the effect values of Y, Er, Gd, and La used alone in the aluminum alloy rod by (74.9 to 62.8)/62.8 × 100%, i.e., 19.27%, i.e., the effect value of tensile strength in combination. Example 2 is 14.9(264.7-249.8 ═ 14.9) in the yield strength test over comparative example 1; example 2 is 18.5 higher than comparative example 2 (264.7-246.2 ═ 18.5); example 2 is 14.6 higher than comparative example 3 (264.7-250.1 ═ 14.6); example 2 is 16.2(264.7-248.5 ═ 16.2) higher than comparative example 4; example 2 is 75 higher than comparative example 5(164.7-189.7 ═ 75); in which the handle is implementedThe sum of the data of example 2 minus the data of comparative examples 1 to 4 is 64.2(14.9+18.5+14.6+ 16.2: 64.2), which is less than 75 (64.2) lower than that of example 2 compared with comparative example 5 in which no Gd, Y, Er, Ce elements are added (64.2)<75) (ii) a The effect values of each of comparative examples 1 to 4 were subtracted from those of example 2, and the effect values of the elements Y, Er, Gd and La used in combination in the aluminum alloy rod were 16.82% higher than the sum of the effect values of the elements Y, Er, Gd and La used alone in the aluminum alloy rod, i.e., (75-64.2) ÷ 64.2 × 100%, (16.82%), i.e., the effect value of the yield strength in combination. The Y, Er, Gd and La elements generate corresponding synergistic effect, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy aluminum rod is proved to be lack of all the components.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The alloy aluminum bar containing the rare earth elements is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mg1.5-3.3%, Si0.7-1.1%, Cu1.0-1.7%, Fe0.04-0.1%, Mn0.35-0.7%, Ni0.2-0.6%, Ti0.07-0.12%, Y0.15-0.3%, Er0.07-0.1%, Gd0.05-0.11%, La0.07-0.24%, the total amount of other metallic and non-metallic impurity elements is not more than 0.5%, and the balance is aluminum; the preparation method of the alloy aluminum bar containing the rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
melting: adding the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 710-735 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-fold 790 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
refining: adjusting the temperature to 680-705 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, performing powder spraying refining of a refining agent and a deslagging agent, controlling the air pressure to be 0.5-1.5Mpa, refining for 60min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 680-715 ℃, adding a refiner for grain refinement; then, filtering and deslagging the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining twice; controlling the temperature to 700-710 ℃ for ingot casting;
homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum ingot to 380-440 ℃, preserving heat for 7-11h, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 500-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy ingot in the extrusion cylinder at the extrusion speed of 0.3-0.8mm/s to obtain the finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
2. The rare earth element-containing alloyed aluminum rod according to claim 1, comprising the following components in weight percent: mg2.6%, Si0.9%, Cu1.3%, Fe0.7%, Mn0.5%, Ni0.42%, Ti0.1%, Y0.22%, Er0.08%, Gd0.087%, La0.16%, and the balance of aluminum, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals is not more than 0.5%.
3. The rare earth element-containing alloyed aluminum rod as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the aluminum used is pure aluminum having a purity of 99.8%.
4. A process for preparing a rare earth element-containing alloyed aluminum rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
melting: adding the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 710-735 ℃ and melting;
alloying: adding Mg, Si, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ti into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-fold 790 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, stirring by a graphite rod and vibrating the molten metal, discharging gas in the molten metal, and removing slag on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
refining: adjusting the temperature to 680-705 ℃, adding Y, Er, Gd and La elements, introducing argon, performing powder spraying refining of a refining agent and a deslagging agent, controlling the air pressure to be 0.5-1.5Mpa, refining for 60min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and standing for 25min after refining is completed;
ingot casting: when the temperature is 680-715 ℃, adding a refiner for grain refinement; then, filtering and deslagging the aluminum alloy melt obtained by refining twice; controlling the temperature to 700-710 ℃ for ingot casting;
homogenizing: heating the alloy aluminum ingot to 380-440 ℃, preserving heat for 7-11h, and then air-cooling to below 50 ℃;
extrusion molding: heating the extrusion die to 450 ℃, heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 500-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy ingot in the extrusion cylinder at the extrusion speed of 0.3-0.8mm/s to obtain the finished product of the alloy aluminum bar.
5. The process for producing an alloy aluminum rod containing a rare earth element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature in the alloying is maintained after heating to 778 ℃.
6. A process for producing a rare earth element-containing alloyed aluminum rod as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass of the refining agent added in the refining is 0.15 to 0.33% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt, and the mass of the slag removing agent added is 0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt.
7. The process for preparing an alloy aluminum rod containing rare earth elements according to claim 4, wherein the deslagging in the ingot by twice filtering is as follows: after deslagging through the glass fiber filter cloth, deslagging is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate.
8. The process for preparing a rare earth element-containing alloyed aluminum rod according to claim 4, wherein in the homogenization treatment, the alloyed aluminum ingot is heated to 417 ℃ and kept warm for 9 hours.
9. The process for producing a rare-earth-element-containing alloyed aluminum rod according to claim 4, wherein the extrusion speed is set to 0.6mm/s in the extrusion molding.
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