CN110199831A - A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic - Google Patents
A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199831A CN110199831A CN201910575694.4A CN201910575694A CN110199831A CN 110199831 A CN110199831 A CN 110199831A CN 201910575694 A CN201910575694 A CN 201910575694A CN 110199831 A CN110199831 A CN 110199831A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the water management technical fields during Wheat Production, more particularly to a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, method is the leaf water potential in growth period, wheat according to locating for winter wheat, judges season for irrigaton and irrigation quantity, carries out Precision Irrigation.Precision Irrigation method provided by the invention based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, season for irrigaton and irrigation quantity are judged according to the Precision Irrigation management method combination wheat growth period of yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand and leaf water potential, realize the scientific management of yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand, yellow Irrigation Project Design water use efficiency can not only be obviously improved, more importantly the dosage of irrigation water is greatly reduced, to achieve the effect that saving of labor, environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water management technical fields during Wheat Production, and in particular to one kind is small based on the yellow irrigated area winter
The Precision Irrigation method of wheat water demand feature.
Background technique
Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the major production areas of China winter wheat, wheat area and total output account for respectively national wheatland area and
45% of total output and 48% or so, yellow irrigated area is the important component part in varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, mainly the whole, river including Shandong Province
The big portion Nan Sheng (except Xinyang Prefecture) and farmland productivity in south-center of Hebei Province etc. are regional.Yellow irrigated area irrigation in winter wheat is more extensive for a long time,
Water utilization is scientific not to the utmost, results in winter wheat and there was only plantation advantage, lacks yield heterosis.It is maximum with yellow irrigated area planting proportion
For Shandong Province winter wheat, the long-term cultivated area of winter wheat is stablized at 50,000,000 mu or more, but wheat yield and American-European flourishing state
There are larger gap, the wheat generations of the developed countries such as current America and Europe to realize agricultural production precision management substantially for family, agricultural
The level of resources utilization is high, and Wheat Production benefit is also increased.By taking moisture Commercial cultivation rate as an example, the wheat of European and American developed countries
Water productivity is up to 2.3kg/m3, Shandong Huang irrigated area wheat water content productivity only has 1.0kg/m3, only developed country
41.7%, gap is obvious.Our yellow irrigated area irrigation in winter wheat cost high yields are low for a long time, lack the market competitiveness.
At this stage, the main irrigation method of yellow irrigated area winter wheat has flood irrigation and little Bai dragon etc..Think in wide farmers idea
Flood irrigation can utmostly guarantee that crop is full water, must constantly pour water to obtain yield, to crops often with feeling to pour
Water.However in fact, being poured using flood irrigation to crops, " food and drink " that crops can not be rationally scientific, moisture has
It is very low to imitate interest rate.In addition flood irrigation will lead to the salinization of soil, and level of ground water rises, and form anastatic water, saline and alkaline to come with water, water
Go it is saline and alkaline stay, to make crops low yield or cannot grow.Popular " little Bai dragon " irrigation method in rural area, also referred to as hose are irrigated, and are
The method irrigated using White plastic film pipeline using underground water.This irrigation method broad irrigation of changing over
Way, it is comparatively convenient, flexible and economical and practical, but irrigation volume or excessive, the white pipe of small Bai Longyong is easy to be scraped
Run-down water, in addition water pipe aging cost is not also low.Though drop sprinkler irrigation technique can efficiently use moisture and be widely used, drip
Sprinkler irrigation technique equipment cost is higher, is not appropriate for large-area applications.
Based on this, a kind of Precision Irrigation of the water demand feature of yellow irrigated area winter wheat that can be directed to different times is provided
Method is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
For the prior art lack to the overall management that Winter Wheat Water utilizes and caused by Huang irrigated area winter wheat growth week
The low problem of moisture absorption utilization efficiency and peasant household's cacodoxy that flood irrigation gently manages again at this stage in phase, the present invention provide one
Precision Irrigation method of the kind based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, the management method maximally utilise existing filling
Condition is irrigate, by the change of season for irrigaton, the adjustment of irrigation volume optimizes and combines the water management of wheat period, reaches period moisture
Plan as a whole, the target of efficient Precision Irrigation.
The present invention provides a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, the Precision Irrigation
Method is the leaf water potential in growth period, wheat according to locating for winter wheat, judges season for irrigaton and irrigation quantity, carries out Precision Irrigation.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method carries out first time Precision Irrigation, detection in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment
The leaf water potential of wheat irrigates wheat when leaf water potential value is lower than 0.8MPa.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method irrigates water cloth and is poured into wheat in the ranks, fill in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment
Water quantity holding is in 30-40m3/ mu.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method maintains 10 days field capacitys 90% in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment
More than.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method is irrigated after yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment carries out top dressing.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method carries out second of Precision Irrigation, detection in yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage
The leaf water potential of wheat irrigates wheat when leaf water potential value is lower than 0.8MPa.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method irrigates water cloth and is poured into wheat in the ranks, fill in yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage
Water quantity holding is in 30-40m3/ mu.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method yellow 10 days field capacitys of irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage 90% with
On.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method is irrigated after yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage carries out top dressing.
Further, the Precision Irrigation method does not have to watering in yellow irrigated area winter wheat sowing.
The present invention is according to the Precision Irrigation management method combination wheat growth period of yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand and leaf
The piece flow of water judges season for irrigaton and irrigation quantity, realizes the scientific management of yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand.Yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Area is small
Wheat breeding time is longer, usually sows harvest at the beginning of to 6 months coming year October, breeding time is about 250 days, and mainly needing water period is to return
Green phase to latter stage of being in the milk.Therefore, the moisture of residual in the soil, broadcasts in winter wheat when the present invention makes full use of season plant growth
It does not apply and pours water when kind.
Whether plant root cells absorb water in the soil, are largely determined by the plant leaf tissue flow of water.Blade water
Thus the enough moisture situations for intuitively reflecting plant of potential energy judge whether plant carries out irrigating and keep the skin wet.Leaf water potential
It is positively correlated with degree of drought, for water potential value using -0.8MPa as critical value, plant is more serious by drought stress, and leaf water potential is got over
Small, when water potential value is -1.0MPa, there is temporary wilting in blade, and water potential value in -1.5MPa, permanently wither by blade appearance
Listless, water potential value may cause plant death in -2.4MPa；It is opposite, when water potential value is higher than -0.8MPa, show leaf water
Become closer to saturation value 0.The present invention is measured each breeding time leaf water potential of wheat, as a result as shown in table 1 below.
Each breeding time leaf water potential of 1 wheat of table
| Breeding time | Period of seedling establishment | Dial the section phase | Heading stage | Blooming stage | Pustulation period |
| Leaf water potential (MPa) under drought condition | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.9 | -1.2 | -0.9 |
According to table 1 as can be seen that the wheat leaf blade flow of water of period of seedling establishment and blooming stage is significantly relatively low under drought condition, plant is lacked
Water is serious, shows that the two period plant water requirements are big.Wheat period of seedling establishment temperature increases, and Acceleration of growth, water requirement sharply increases；
Wheat enters blooming stage, and daily consumption of water reaches maximum value, accounts for the 26%~42% of wheat all one's life.Therefore, water management of the invention
It is completed by Precision Irrigation twice, irrigates carried out in winter wheat period of seedling establishment for the first time；Second of irrigation is carried out in winter wheat blooming stage.
The extreme draft amount of 0.07 hectare is 75m3, traditional channel flood irrigation water consumption can reach 90m3/ mu, little Bai dragon are irrigated
Water consumption also in 60m3The irrigation quantity of/mu, two methods is held at higher level, this is because wide farmers exist " only
Make great efforts to feed water, wheat can just eat and drink to one's heart's content, could high yield " thought mistaken ideas.In fact, soil can not be inhaled to the maximum extent
Moisture is received, water resource is greatly to be lost to waste.The present invention is precisely filled in winter wheat period of seedling establishment and blooming stage
It irrigates, can satisfy the water demand of wheat growth, promote root growth and development, promote the disease resistance of plant, avoid grouting water
Use.Water electrode be in the milk it is easier that root system is in enclosed environment, because the more then gas of water are few, gas leads to root system anaerobic respiration less,
Root activity is influenced, root activity difference then influences the growth and development of aerial part, and then influences yield.Under normal circumstances, soil
Aqueous vapor coordinates then root system decline slowly, and the full yield of wheat seed is high；The few then root system decline of the more gas of the soil water is fast, the not plump thin yield of seed
It is low.
The present invention, which is used, carries out in due course Precision Irrigation in period of seedling establishment and blooming stage, and wheat irrigation quantity is made to be reduced to 30-
40m3/ mu.Although irrigation quantity is few, but can supply moisture needed for Growth of Wheat completely, also can more reasonably utilize
Water resource, reduces agricultural irrigation cost, and realization subtracts this synergy.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are,
The present invention provides a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, can not only be significant
Yellow Irrigation Project Design water use efficiency is promoted, more importantly the dosage of irrigation water is greatly reduced, to reach saving of labor, ring
The effect of guarantor.
The drawbacks of eliminating traditional extensive irrigation in yellow irrigated area winter wheat plantation, be not simply by traditional irrigation method more
It is changed to irrigate twice, but on the basis of combining yellow irrigated area water utilization condition, deeply match wheat law of needing the water and moisture
Winter wheat is carried out common optimum organization to multiple links such as the demand rule of moisture and leaf water potential, irrigation volume by release profiles
The innovative reform completed afterwards.The present invention realizes the overall management of period irrigation water, and period irrigation water utilization efficiency can be improved
15% or more.
In conclusion the present invention is being filled by the water management of Optimization of Wheat growth cycle, accurate watering period and irrigation quantity
Water inventory meets the water demand of crop in the case where significantly reducing, significantly improve Water productivity, improve yellow irrigated area
The utilization efficiency of irrigation water.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention below will be implemented the present invention
Technical solution in example is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only that present invention a part is implemented
Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
Every other embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention under the premise of labour.
Screen the screening of 1 period of seedling establishment irrigation quantity of example
The winter wheat of yellow irrigated area period of seedling establishment is irrigated, irrigation method is that in the ranks cloth fills wheat, and irrigation quantity is respectively
20m3/ mu, 30m3/ mu, 40m3/ mu, 60m3/ mu and 75m3/ mu.To period of seedling establishment wheat leaf blade water potential value under different gradient irrigation quantities
It is compared, the results are shown in Table 2.
The period of seedling establishment wheat leaf blade flow of water compares under 2 gradient irrigation quantity of table
| Irrigation quantity (m3/ mu) | 20 | 30 | 40 | 60 | 75 |
| Leaf water potential (MPa) | -1.0 | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.3 | -0.2 |
From table 2 it can be seen that when irrigation quantity is in 30-40m3When/mu, leaf water potential shows to plant close to critical value -0.8MPa
Strain moisture is more reasonable, without pouring water；And when irrigation quantity is in 20-30m3When/mu, leaf water potential shows to plant in -1.0MPa or so
Strain blade is in exsiccosis；Irrigation quantity is in 40-75m3When/mu, leaf water potential is very low, becomes closer to the saturation flow of water, shows
Plant moisture content is excessive, and the more gas of water are few, is unfavorable for the growth of plant root instead.
Screen the screening of 2 blooming stage irrigation quantity of example
The winter wheat of yellow irrigated area blooming stage is irrigated, irrigation method is that in the ranks cloth fills wheat, and irrigation quantity is respectively
20m3/ mu, 30m3/ mu, 40m3/ mu, 60m3/ mu and 75m3/ mu.To period of seedling establishment wheat leaf blade water potential value under different gradient irrigation quantities
It is compared, the results are shown in Table 3.
The blooming stage wheat leaf blade flow of water compares under 3 gradient irrigation quantity of table
| Irrigation quantity (m3/ mu) | 20 | 30 | 40 | 60 | 75 |
| Leaf water potential (MPa) | -1.1 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -0.3 | -0.1 |
From table 3 it can be seen that when blooming stage irrigation quantity is in 40-50m3When/mu, leaf water potential close to critical value -0.5MPa,
Show that plant moisture is more reasonable, without pouring water；And when irrigation quantity is in 20-30m3When/mu, leaf water potential in -0.9MPa or so,
Show that plant leaf is in exsiccosis；Irrigation quantity is in 40-75m3When/mu, leaf water potential is increased, close to the saturation flow of water.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is carried out in 2017/2018 year in Shandong Province, Academy of Agricultural Sciences experimental plot, Dezhou, experimental plot area
2000m2, which has irrigation conditions, and wheat breed of participating in the experiment is Jimai 22 and (is selected by Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy
Educate), it is sowed on October 8th, 2017, wheat line-spacing 18cm, the amount of broadcasting is 12kg/ mus, seed level 4cm, without any irrigation.
On March 16th, 2018, wheat entered period of seedling establishment, and the wheat leaf blade flow of water is -0.9MPa, was mild drought, according to using after Nitrogen Top Dressing
River-water irrigation, canal irrigation and pipeline irrigation combine, and irrigate in wheat in the ranks, irrigation water capacity 40m3/ mu.2018 5
The moon, wheat on the 6th initially entered blooming stage, and it is mild drought that the wheat leaf blade flow of water, which is -0.7MPa, started to carry out second of irrigation,
Canal irrigation and pipeline irrigation combine, and irrigate in wheat in the ranks, irrigation water capacity 30m3/ mu.This harvest wheat was in 2018 6
The moon 18 harvested.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is traditional flood irrigation plot, area 600m2, the sowing date of wheat and kind are consistent with embodiment 1,
The water management method of this comparative example is the sowing watering of wheat period and jointing stage watering, and the irrigation date is on October 8th, 2017
Sowing stage of wheat and the wheat during jointing stage on April 10th, 2018, canal irrigation and pipeline irrigation combine, irrigate in wheat row
Between, irrigation quantity maintains 60m3/ mu.This harvest wheat was harvested on June 18th, 2018.
The comparison of test results of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is as follows:
Using the test plot wheat under the Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand described in embodiment 1
Yield and yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 46.9 ten thousand, grain number per spike 33.9, mass of 1000 kernel 38.9g, actual production 552.6kg/
Mu.
Mu spike number 41.6 ten thousand is respectively as follows: using the test plot wheat yield and yield three elements of comparative example traditional irrigation,
Grain number per spike 30.1, mass of 1000 kernel 34.7g, actual production are 500.3kg/ mus.
By the result of above-mentioned wheat yield and yield three elements, it was found that, Precision Irrigation method described in embodiment 1 exists
In the case that irrigation quantity reduces by 33%, achieves mass of 1000 kernel and increases by 12.1%, yield increases by 10.5%, it should be apparent that, it uses
Precision Irrigation method mass of 1000 kernel described in embodiment 1 and yield increase obviously, although illustrating Precision Irrigation method provided by the invention
Less irrigation quantity, but need water period to match due to watering period and wheat, avoid wheat bearing desire drought and water shortage
The appearance of situation；And traditional irrigation total amount of although pouring water is more in comparative example 1, but due to wheat need water period without
Match, water loss is serious instead.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is carried out in 2017/2018 year in the Tai'an Daiyue District town the Man Zhuan village Ma Jiazhuan plot, plot soil
Earth is loam, there is irrigation conditions, and wheat tested variety is Jimai 44, is sowed on October 10th, 2017, wheat line-spacing 18cm,
The amount of broadcasting is 15kg/ mus, seed level 5cm, without any irrigation.On March 16th, 2018, wheat was irrigated after entering period of seedling establishment top dressing, small
Wheat leaf water potential is -0.9MPa, is mild drought, duty 40m3/ mu.May 6, wheat initially entered blooming stage, together
It is irrigated after sample top dressing, the wheat leaf blade flow of water is -0.7MPa, belongs to mild drought, duty 40m3/ mu, field after irrigation
Water-holding capacity reaches 90%.This harvest wheat is harvested the June 12 of current year.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is traditional fertilization plot, area 200m2, wheat cultivation date and kind are consistent with embodiment 2, this
The water management method of comparative example is to irrigate in two times in wheat season, duty 60m during sowing3/ mu, April 10, wheat pulled out
Section phase irrigation quantity maintains 60m3/ mu, harvest time and embodiment 2 are consistent.
Embodiment 2 and the comparison of test results of comparative example 2 are as follows:
Using the test plot wheat under the Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand described in embodiment 2
Yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 44.9 ten thousand, grain number per spike 39.2, mass of 1000 kernel 40.5g, per mu yield 561.09kg.
Mu spike number 43.1 ten thousand is respectively as follows: using the test plot wheat yield and yield three elements of comparative example traditional irrigation,
Grain number per spike 33.2, mass of 1000 kernel 36.2g, 513.3kg/ mus of wheat yield.
By the result of above-mentioned wheat yield and yield three elements, it was found that, Precision Irrigation method described in embodiment 2 exists
In the case that duty reduces by 33%, mass of 1000 kernel increases 11.8%, and yield increases 9.3%, it is seen that uses 2 institute of embodiment
It states Precision Irrigation method mass of 1000 kernel and yield increases obviously.Divide it can be seen that the present invention not simply irrigates conventional wheat
At twice, but on the basis of combining yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand, deeply match wheat growth period law of needing the water with
Water release curve meets the irrigation water demand of crop in the case where total amount of pouring water significantly reduces, significantly improves agriculture
Industry productivity.
Although the present invention is not limited thereto to the present invention have been described in detail by way of preferred embodiment.?
Under the premise of not departing from spirit and substance of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can carry out the embodiment of the present invention each
Kind equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions all should in covering scope of the invention/any be familiar with this technology neck
The technical staff in domain in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all cover of the invention
Within protection scope.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to protection scope described in claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic, which is characterized in that the Precision Irrigation
Method is the leaf water potential in growth period, wheat according to locating for winter wheat, judges season for irrigaton and irrigation quantity, carries out Precision Irrigation.
2. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method carries out first time Precision Irrigation in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment, detects the blade water of wheat
Gesture irrigates wheat when leaf water potential value is lower than 0.8MPa.
3. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 2, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method irrigates water cloth and be poured into wheat in the ranks, irrigation quantity is maintained in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment
30-40m3/ mu.
4. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 2, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method maintains 10 days field capacitys 90% or more in yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment.
5. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 2, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method is irrigated after yellow irrigated area winter wheat period of seedling establishment carries out top dressing.
6. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method carries out second of Precision Irrigation in yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage, detects the blade water of wheat
Gesture irrigates wheat when leaf water potential value is lower than 0.8MPa.
7. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 6, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method irrigates water cloth and be poured into wheat in the ranks, irrigation quantity is maintained in yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage
30-40m3/ mu.
8. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 6, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method is in yellow 10 days field capacitys of irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage 90% or more.
9. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as claimed in claim 6, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method is irrigated after yellow irrigated area winter wheat blooming stage carries out top dressing.
10. a kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the Precision Irrigation method does not have to watering in yellow irrigated area winter wheat sowing.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910575694.4A CN110199831A (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic |
| NL2024921A NL2024921B1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-02-17 | Precision irrigation method based on water demand characteristics of winter wheat in a yellow river irrigation area |
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| CN201910575694.4A CN110199831A (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic |
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| NL2024921A (en) | 2020-05-01 |
| NL2024921B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
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