CN110157969B - Preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt - Google Patents
Preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt Download PDFInfo
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- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt, which takes WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder as raw materials, and trace cobalt is added; the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy is prepared by mixing, prepressing and spark plasma sintering. The invention is a method for preparing ultra-coarse hard alloy with short process, the prepared WC has uniform grain size reaching 30 μm, high alloy strength and hardness, good density and high fracture toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt, which adopts ultra-coarse WC hard alloy and nano WC-6Co composite powder as raw materials, and adds metal Co powder to prepare high-strength and high-hardness hard alloy. The high-performance hard alloy prepared by the method can be processed into a drill bit, a milling cutter or a wear-resistant grinding tool.
Background
The hard alloy material has excellent performances such as high hardness, high strength and high elastic modulus, and is widely applied to various cutting tools, mining tools and wear-resistant parts, but the high hardness and the high fracture toughness of the hard alloy are difficult to coexist, and the hardness and the toughness are a spear shield for eliminating the trade-off in the hard alloy. Some scholars believe that the high alloy filling density can be obtained by a method of matching the thickness of hard phase tungsten carbide, namely preparing the hard alloy with a double-crystal structure, so as to improve the bending strength and the wear resistance of the hard alloy.
In the traditional process, WC powder with common particle size and Co powder are used as raw materials to be mixed for preparing the hard alloy: with the increase of the WC content, the prepared hard alloy has high hardness, low fracture toughness and high sintering temperature; with the increase of Co content, the prepared hard alloy has low hardness, high fracture toughness and low sintering temperature. The contradiction between the fracture toughness and the hardness (high fracture toughness, low hardness; low fracture toughness, high hardness) is always a main factor which troubles the development of the steel. There have been long-term continuous efforts to find the best balance point for obtaining tungsten carbide cemented carbide with high fracture toughness and high hardness by a series of measures such as adjusting alloy components, improving alloy structure, adding trace elements, adopting new process equipment and the like. This has also been the direction of effort.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the fracture toughness and the hardness of the existing tungsten carbide hard alloy are mutually contradictory, the invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt, and aims to obtain an ultra-coarse grain tungsten carbide composite material with high fracture toughness and high strength.
The invention relates to a preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt, which takes coarse-grain WC and nano WC-6Co composite powder as raw materials and adds trace cobalt; then the hard alloy mixture is used as a raw material, and is prepared by mixing, prepressing and sintering by discharge plasma. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder, adding trace cobalt, and mixing for 2h by adopting a mechanical mixing method (V-shaped powder mixer) to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder;
wherein the average grain size of the coarse-crystal WC powder is 20 μm, the grain size of the nano WC-6Co composite powder is less than or equal to 200nm, and the average grain size of the cobalt powder is 3 μm. The mass ratio range of the macrocrystalline WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is as follows: 1: 1-5: 1; the mass ratio of the added cobalt powder is 1-4 wt%, based on the total mass of the powder, namely the total mass of the hard alloy mixture powder.
Step 2: filling the hard alloy mixture powder obtained in the step 1 into a graphite mould paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite die filled with the composite powder by using a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is 5-10 MPa;
and step 3: wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 4-6 mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould into a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10-40 MPa;
the heating rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
the sintering temperature is 1200-1500 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 5-10 min;
in step 3, the sintering and forming steps are as follows:
applying an initial axial pressure of 10MPa to the compacted powder material, heating the compacted powder material from room temperature to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/min, and then heating the compacted powder material to 1200-1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min; pressurizing to 20MPa when the first air release is finished, pressurizing to 30MPa when the powder material begins to shrink, and pressurizing the compacted powder material to 40MPa when the temperature is increased to 1200-1500 ℃; and maintaining the pressure until sintering is finished.
And 4, step 4: and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nanometer WC-6Co composite powder is added into the mixture to fill the pores of the macrocrystalline tungsten carbide, so that the density of a pressed compact is improved in the pressing process, the pores are reduced in the sintering process, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved;
2. during the sintering process of adding the nano WC-6Co composite powder into the ultra-coarse hard alloy, according to the dissolution-precipitation principle of WC crystal grains, the nano WC-6Co composite powder is more easily dissolved and adsorbed on the surface of the original coarse WC crystal grains, so that the prepared hard alloy WC crystal grains grow;
3. the nanometer WC-6Co composite powder reduces the sintering temperature due to the existence of nanocrystallization and a cobalt phase, and coarse crystals are more easily formed at the same temperature;
4. the invention adopts mixture-SPS sintering, and is a method for preparing ultra-coarse hard alloy in a short process. The sintering time is short, the sintering temperature is uniform, and the density of the alloy is improved by bidirectional pressure sintering;
5. the invention optimizes the manufacturing process of the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy, can fully play the advantages of the manufacturing process when sintering is carried out under the conditions of the embodiment 4, and obtains the fracture toughness which is close to 12 MPa.m1/2The hardness is larger than 2990HV1, the density is larger than 99%, and the composition structure is uniform.
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FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a polished surface of an ultra-coarse hard alloy product obtained in example 4 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the sample obtained by sintering under the conditions of example 4 has a flat and smooth surface, pores below 1 μm, and tight fit between grains.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the surface corrosion of the ultra-coarse cemented carbide product obtained in example 4 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the crystal grains had a plate-like structure with a length of about 30 μm, indicating that the crystal grains grew into ultra-coarse grains along the (10-10) crystal planes during the sintering process.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
WC powder with an average particle size of 20 μm, which is a spherical cast tungsten carbide powder, was purchased from Tacrona plasma systems, Inc. in the following examples; the nanometer WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size less than or equal to 200nm is purchased from the science and technology company of composite powder of melted da in Anhui province.
In the following examples, the graphite mold used was cylindrical in shape, and the diameter of the inner space of the cylindrical graphite mold was 25 mm.
In the following examples, the spark plasma sintering furnace used was a LABOX-350 spark plasma sintering system manufactured by Sinter Land Inc. of Japan, and the current type thereof was a DC pulse current having a pulse sequence of 40: 7.
Example 1:
the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy composite material of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
1. WC powder with the grain size of 20 mu m, nano WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size of less than or equal to 200nm and cobalt powder with the average grain size of 3 mu m are selected. Weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder according to the components of the needed WC hard alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse-crystal WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is 3:1, adding 4wt% of Co, and mechanically mixing for 2 hours by adopting a mixer to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder; weighing a certain amount of composite powder according to the size of a required product;
2. filling the hard alloy mixture powder weighed in the step 1 into a graphite die paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is-10 MPa;
3. wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 5mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10MPa (less than or equal to 600 ℃) and 40MPa (more than 1100 ℃); (ii) a
The heating rate is 100 ℃/min (not more than 1300 ℃) and 50 ℃/min (more than 1300 ℃);
the sintering temperature is 1500 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 10 min;
4. and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot. The relative density is 98.6% and the fracture toughness is 12.11 MPa.m1/2Hardness of 2072HV1The bending strength is 1074 MPa.
Example 2:
the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy composite material of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
1. WC powder with the grain size of 20 mu m, nano WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size of less than or equal to 200nm and cobalt powder with the average grain size of 3 mu m are selected. Weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder according to the components of the needed WC hard alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse-crystal WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is 3:1, adding 4wt% of Co, and mechanically mixing for 2 hours by adopting a mixer to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder; weighing a certain amount of composite powder according to the size of a required product;
2. filling the hard alloy mixture powder weighed in the step 1 into a graphite die paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is-10 MPa;
3. wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 5mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10MPa (less than or equal to 600 ℃) and 40MPa (more than 1100 ℃); (ii) a
The heating rate is 100 ℃/min (less than or equal to 1200 ℃) and 50 ℃/min (more than 1200 ℃);
the sintering temperature is 1450 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 10 min;
4. and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot. The relative density is 98.9 percent and the fracture toughness is 11.19 MPa.m1/2Hardness of 2105HV1The bending strength is 1132 MPa.
Example 3:
the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy composite material of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
1. WC powder with the grain size of 20 mu m, nano WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size of less than or equal to 200nm and cobalt powder with the average grain size of 3 mu m are selected. Weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder according to the components of the needed WC hard alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse-crystal WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is 3:1, adding 4wt% of Co, and mechanically mixing for 2 hours by adopting a mixer to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder; weighing a certain amount of composite powder according to the size of a required product;
2. filling the hard alloy mixture powder weighed in the step 1 into a graphite die paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is-10 MPa;
3. wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 5mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10MPa (less than or equal to 600 ℃) and 40MPa (more than 1100 ℃); (ii) a
The heating rate is 100 ℃/min (less than or equal to 1000 ℃) and 50 ℃/min (more than 1000 ℃);
the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 10 min;
4. and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot. The relative density is 99.5 percent and the fracture toughness is 10.43 MPa.m1/2Hardness of 2395HV1The bending strength was 1034 MPa.
Example 4:
the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy composite material of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
1. WC powder with the grain size of 20 mu m, nano WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size of less than or equal to 200nm and cobalt powder with the average grain size of 3 mu m are selected. Weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder according to the components of the needed WC hard alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse-crystal WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is 4:1, adding 4wt% of Co, and mechanically mixing for 2 hours by adopting a mixer to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder; weighing a certain amount of composite powder according to the size of a required product;
2. filling the hard alloy mixture powder weighed in the step 1 into a graphite die paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is-10 MPa;
3. wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 5mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10MPa (less than or equal to 600 ℃) and 40MPa (more than 1100 ℃); (ii) a
The heating rate is 100 ℃/min (less than or equal to 1000 ℃) and 50 ℃/min (more than 1000 ℃);
the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 10 min;
4. and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot. The relative density is 99.9% and the fracture toughness is 11.93 MPa.m1/2Hardness of 2292HV1The bending strength is 998 MPa.
Example 5:
the ultra-coarse WC hard alloy composite material of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
1. WC powder with the grain size of 20 mu m, nano WC-6Co composite powder with the grain size of less than or equal to 200nm and cobalt powder with the average grain size of 3 mu m are selected. Weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder according to the components of the needed WC hard alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse-crystal WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is 5:1, adding 4wt% of Co, and mechanically mixing for 2 hours by using a mixer to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder; weighing a certain amount of composite powder according to the size of a required product;
2. filling the hard alloy mixture powder weighed in the step 1 into a graphite die paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is-10 MPa;
3. wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 5mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, introducing direct current pulse current, and sintering and forming the hard alloy mixture powder, wherein the process conditions are as follows:
the axial pressure is 10MPa (less than or equal to 600 ℃) and 40MPa (more than 1100 ℃); (ii) a
The heating rate is 100 ℃/min (less than or equal to 1000 ℃) and 50 ℃/min (more than 1000 ℃);
the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 10 min;
4. and after sintering, cooling the sintered sample to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot. The relative density is 98.0 percent and the fracture toughness is 13.85 MPa.m1/2Hardness of 1939HV1The bending strength is 972 MPa.
From the above example performances, it can be seen that the process advantages can be fully utilized and the fracture toughness of 11.93MPa · m can be obtained when the conditions of example 4 are adopted1/2Hardness of 2292HV1The compactness is more than 99 percent, and the grain size reaches 30 mu m.
The present invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide hard alloy containing trace cobalt is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking coarse-grain WC and nano WC-6Co composite powder as raw materials, and adding trace cobalt; then the hard alloy mixture is used as a raw material, and is formed by mixing, prepressing and sintering through discharge plasma; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing coarse-crystal WC powder and nano WC-6Co composite powder, adding trace cobalt, and mixing for 2h by adopting a mechanical mixing method to obtain uniformly-mixed hard alloy mixture powder;
step 2: filling the hard alloy mixture powder obtained in the step 1 into a graphite mould paved with graphite paper; prepressing the graphite mould filled with the composite powder by adopting a manual hydraulic press;
and step 3: wrapping a carbon felt with the thickness of 4-6 mm on the periphery of a graphite mould filled with the hard alloy mixture powder, then placing the graphite mould in a hearth of a discharge plasma sintering system, vacuumizing to below 20Pa, and introducing direct current pulse current to sinter and form the hard alloy mixture powder;
and 4, step 4: after sintering, cooling a sintered sample to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain an ultra-coarse grain hard alloy cylindrical ingot;
in the step 1, the average grain size of the coarse-crystal WC powder is 20 microns, the grain size of the nano WC-6Co composite powder is less than or equal to 200nm, and the average grain size of the cobalt powder is 3 microns;
in step 3, the technological conditions of spark plasma sintering are as follows: the axial pressure is 10-40 MPa, the heating rate is 50-100 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1200-1500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min;
the mass ratio range of the macrocrystalline WC powder to the nano WC-6Co composite powder is as follows: 1: 1-5: 1; the mass ratio of the added cobalt powder is 1-4 wt%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 2, the pre-pressing pressure is 5-10 MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step 3, the sintering and forming steps are as follows:
applying an initial axial pressure of 10MPa to the compacted powder material, heating the compacted powder material from room temperature to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/min, and then heating the compacted powder material to 1200-1500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min; pressurizing to 20MPa when the first air release is finished, pressurizing to 30MPa when the powder material begins to shrink, and pressurizing the compacted powder material to 40MPa when the temperature is increased to 1200-1500 ℃; and maintaining the pressure until sintering is finished.
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| WO2023091899A1 (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | Hyperion Materials & Technologies, Inc. | Cemented carbide with a binder phase having nanometric carbide precipitates therein and method of fabricating a cemented carbide having nanometric carbide precipitates therein |
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| CN113584338B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-07-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Tungsten carbide-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109652712A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-19 | 吴庆宝 | A kind of super coarse-grain WC-Co hard alloy |
| CN108817388A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-16 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of method that discharge plasma sintering prepares graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023091899A1 (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | Hyperion Materials & Technologies, Inc. | Cemented carbide with a binder phase having nanometric carbide precipitates therein and method of fabricating a cemented carbide having nanometric carbide precipitates therein |
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