CN110146472A - A kind of water turbidity measuring device and method based on photovoltaic effect - Google Patents
A kind of water turbidity measuring device and method based on photovoltaic effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN110146472A CN110146472A CN201910553862.XA CN201910553862A CN110146472A CN 110146472 A CN110146472 A CN 110146472A CN 201910553862 A CN201910553862 A CN 201910553862A CN 110146472 A CN110146472 A CN 110146472A
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- turbidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water turbidity measuring device and method based on photovoltaic effect, described device include: blue spot lamp, water sample slot, thermometer, silicon photocell, direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer, calibration coefficient setup module, water turbidity computing module and display screen；The blue light of the blue spot lamp launch wavelength 460nm；The water sample slot is provided with water sample to be measured；The thermometer is arranged in water sample slot；The blue light after water sample to be measured transmission, into silicon photocell after form electric current, the direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer detects current value；The calibration coefficient setup module calculates equation coefficients by the turbidity that turbidity calibration process obtains for being arranged；The water turbidity computing module is sent to display screen and is shown for calculating the turbidity value of detected water sample according to current value and turbidity calculation formula.The advantages of the device of the invention has circuit simple, easy to operate, is able to achieve automatic measurement, can properly increase measurement accuracy and increase measurement range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water quality monitoring fields, and in particular to a kind of water turbidity measuring device based on photovoltaic effect and
Method.
Background technique
Water plays a crucial role in industry, agricultural or even people's daily life, but due to various artificial pollutions
And natural cause, so that water quality is changed, the superiority and inferiority of water quality determines that can water source be utilized.Turbidity is the one of evaluating water quality
A important indicator, it is to judge one of whether contaminated simplest method in water source, therefore the Accurate Determining of water turbidity is to water
The evaluation of matter is particularly important.
Existing turbidimetric apparatus precision is high, but expensive；Domestic pointer-type transmissometer trivial operations, and precision is not
Height is difficult to obtain accurate data, and electronics transmissometer improves in precision, but is that power consumption is big, and circuit is complicated, and surveys
It is small to measure range.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency, a kind of water turbidity survey based on photovoltaic effect is proposed
Measure device and method.
To achieve the goals above, the invention proposes a kind of water turbidity measuring device based on photovoltaic effect, institute
Stating device includes: blue spot lamp, water sample slot, thermometer, silicon photocell, direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer, calibration coefficient setting
Module, water turbidity computing module and display screen；
The blue light of the blue spot lamp launch wavelength 460nm；The water sample slot is provided with water sample to be measured；The thermometer
It is arranged in water sample slot；The blue light after water sample to be measured transmission, into silicon photocell after form electric current, the direct current digital display spirit
Quick galvanometer detects current value；
The calibration coefficient setup module calculates equation coefficients by the turbidity that turbidity calibration process obtains for being arranged；
The water turbidity computing module, for calculating the turbidity value of detected water sample, hair according to electric current and turbidity calculation formula
It send to display screen and is shown.
As a kind of improvement of above-mentioned apparatus, the turbidity obtained by turbidity calibration process calculates equation coefficients, tool
Body includes:
When step 101) pours into 0 turbidity pure water in water sample slot, measuring electric current is 1.33mA；It pours by 400NTU Fu Er
When horse hydrazine dilutes resulting 75NTU solution, measuring electric current is 0.28mA；
Above-mentioned data are substituted into the relational expression of turbidity and electric current by step 102), obtain following equations:
Above-mentioned equation is solved, then turbidity calculates equation coefficients are as follows: K1=-0.0208, k=0.0580；
Step 103) turbidity calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, T is turbidity, and I is electric current.
As a kind of improvement of above-mentioned apparatus, the water turbidity computing module, for according to direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer
The current value and formula of outputCalculate the turbidity value of sample to be tested.
As a kind of improvement of above-mentioned apparatus, the light-receiving area of the silicon photocell is 6mm*6mm；Spectral region are as follows:
300—1000nm；Peak wavelength is 700nm.
Based on above-mentioned apparatus, the water turbidity measurement method based on photovoltaic effect that the invention also provides a kind of is described
Method includes:
Sample to be tested is put into water sample slot, opens blue spot lamp, the electric current that the direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer is shown
Value；
The current value and formula that the turbidity computing module is exported according to direct current digital display sensitive galvanometerCalculate the turbidity value of sample to be tested.
Present invention has an advantage that
1, the water turbidity measuring device of the invention based on photovoltaic effect has circuit simple, easy to operate, can be real
Existing automatic measurement, evades the manual operation of pointer transmissometer；Using the principle of photovoltaic effect, it is quick on the draw, it can be appropriate
Measurement accuracy is improved, measurement range is increased；
2, water turbidity determination of the invention may extend to the turbidimetric analysis turbidimetry system to other liquid, be also applied to haze
Monitoring in, the fields such as waterworks, industrial production, environmental protection can be widely used in.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is measuring device schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is current detection circuit schematic diagram of the invention, and wherein B is silicon photocell；
Fig. 3 is the graph of relation for detecting electric current and temperature；
Fig. 4 is the graph of relation of turbidity and temperature.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Turbidity indicates (or the scattering of gelatinous mass and the solid particle of suspension generate the light of transmission in water obstruction degree
The phenomenon that).Impurity in water includes that suspension, emulsion and other soluble impurities can have scattering to through the light beam in water
Effect.
The measurement work of water turbidity measuring device based on photovoltaic effect need to carry out in dark situation, need to will only measure
Device is placed in closed lighttight camera bellows.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of water turbidity measuring device based on photovoltaic effect, described device packet
It includes: blue spot lamp, water sample slot, thermometer, silicon photocell, direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer, several conducting wires, foam block, calibration
Figure setting module, water turbidity computing module and display screen.
The blue spot lamp, the blue light for launch wavelength 460nm；Intensity of illumination: 23lx；Operating voltage: 3-5V；It is real
Border provides voltage: 3V；
The water sample slot is provided with water sample to be measured, size are as follows: 15x7x7cm；Thermometer is arranged in water sample slot, for surveying
Measure the temperature of water sample；The effect of foam block is that the temperature-resistant of sample solution is kept during scaling experiment.
Silicon photocell: light-receiving area: 6mm*6mm spectral region: 300-1000nm peak wavelengths: 700nm；Silicon photocell
Response is fast, and stability is good, long service life, and the short circuit current of silicon photocell and intensity of illumination meet linear relationship, can be used as
Good photoelectric conversion material.
Direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer: operating voltage 5V, the practical voltage that provides is 5V.
It starts switch, light source emits blue light, is irradiated to silicon photocell B by the hole A after water sample transmits, and incident photoelectron will be located
The bound electron being situated between in band is energized into conduction band, and the electron hole pair inspired distinguishes drift to silicon photocell under interior electric field action
N-type region and p type island region, when just thering is a photogenerated current to flow through load in the loading of PN junction both ends -- photocell is receiving
Optical signal is changed into current signal proportional therewith, shows in direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer.As shown in Figure 2.
Calibration coefficient setup module calculates equation coefficients by the turbidity that turbidity calibration process obtains for being arranged；Specifically
Are as follows:
The decrease of transmitted intensity follows Lambert-Beer's law, can seek the intensity of illumination P after projecting on 180 ° of directions:
P=MP0eKTL (1)
Wherein, T is water sample turbidity, P0For incident intensity, L is water sample thickness, K, K1For coefficient, M is the geometric parameters of device
Number.
From the basic law of photovoltaic effect: in the case where keeping incident light frequency constant, in the unit time
In the photon that photovoltaic effect is excited, initial velocity is greater than viPhotoelectron sum it is directly proportional to incident intensity, i.e. photoelectricity
It flows directly proportional to incident intensity, it may be assumed that
I=kP (3)
Wherein, I is photoelectric current, and k is proportionality coefficient.
Following nephelometer can be obtained by (2), (3) formula and calculate formula:
That is:
In formula, K1, k demarcates by the titer prepared with formal hydrazine solution.
Table 1
When pouring into 0 turbidity pure water in sink, measuring electric current is 1.33mA；It pours into and gained is diluted by 400NTU formal hydrazine
75NTU solution when, measure electric current be 0.28mA.
Above-mentioned data are substituted into (8) formula, following equations can be obtained:
Solve K1=-0.0208, k=0.0580.
By calculation formula:1 measured data of table is substituted into again, can obtain turbidity calculated value, such as table 2:
Table 2
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, turbidity variation with temperature trend can conclude that initial characterization turbidity by temperature shadow
It rings, and is reduced with the increase of temperature.But there is inflection point in many places in image, indicate that amplitude of variation is larger, it may be possible to because of data
Point acquisition is very few, some data should be surveyed near inflection point, therefore only do qualitative analysis to above-mentioned image more.
Error calculation:
By taking 35 DEG C of tap water as an example, measuring turbidity by the existing instrument in laboratory is 3.6NTU, measures turbidity with the present apparatus
For 3.51NTU.
Absolute error: δx=x-x0=3.51-3.6=-0.09；
Relative error:
Water turbidity computing module includes: the current value and formula for being exported according to direct current digital display sensitive galvanometerThe turbidity value of sample to be tested is calculated,
Display screen, for showing the turbidity value of sample to be tested.
Conclusion:
(1) present apparatus has the sensitivity of height, when to sample turbidimetry, stirs sample, numerical value change is rapid.Institute
Measured data shows that data differences are little with documents and materials.
(2) as shown in Figure 4, temperature is clearly present influence to turbidity, when water sample temperature increase when, turbidity with temperature raising
And reduce.
(3) building and testing by the present apparatus, can be derived that accurate turbidimetry data,
Main innovation point of the invention is as follows:
A, the spirit of measurement is improved on existing apparatus based on photovoltaic effect principle design water turbidity measuring device
Sensitivity；
B, setting temperature gradient carries out turbidimetry to different samples, obtains influence result of the temperature to turbidity
C, measurement process is easy to operate, and device is simple and easy, and cost is relatively low；
D, the photoelectric conversion technique scheme of the present apparatus has wide popularization space and use value.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of water turbidity measuring device based on photovoltaic effect, which is characterized in that described device includes: blue optically focused
Lamp, water sample slot, thermometer, silicon photocell, direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer, calibration coefficient setup module, water turbidity computing module
And display screen；
The blue light of the blue spot lamp launch wavelength 460nm；The water sample slot is provided with water sample to be measured；The thermometer setting
In water sample slot；The blue light through water sample to be measured transmission after, into silicon photocell after form electric current, the sensitive electricity of direct current digital display
Flowmeter detects current value；
The calibration coefficient setup module calculates equation coefficients by the turbidity that turbidity calibration process obtains for being arranged；
The water turbidity computing module is sent to for calculating the turbidity value of detected water sample according to electric current and turbidity calculation formula
Display screen is shown.
2. the water turbidity measuring device according to claim 1 based on photovoltaic effect, which is characterized in that described to pass through
The turbidity that turbidity calibration process obtains calculates equation coefficients, specifically includes:
When step 101) pours into 0 turbidity pure water in water sample slot, measuring electric current is 1.33mA；It pours by 400NTU formal hydrazine
When diluting resulting 75NTU solution, measuring electric current is 0.28mA；
Above-mentioned data are substituted into the relational expression of turbidity and electric current by step 102), obtain following equations:
Above-mentioned equation is solved, then turbidity calculates equation coefficients are as follows: K1=-0.0208, k=0.0580；
Step 103) turbidity calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, T is turbidity, and I is electric current.
3. the water turbidity measuring device according to claim 2 based on photovoltaic effect, which is characterized in that the water is turbid
Spend computing module, current value and formula for exporting according to direct current digital display sensitive galvanometerMeter
Calculate the turbidity value of sample to be tested.
4. the water turbidity measuring device described in one of -3 based on photovoltaic effect according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The light-receiving area for stating silicon photocell is 6mm*6mm；Spectral region are as follows: 300-1000nm；Peak wavelength is 700nm.
5. a kind of water turbidity measurement method based on photovoltaic effect, which comprises
Sample to be tested is put into water sample slot, opens blue spot lamp, the current value that the direct current digital display sensitive galvanometer is shown；
The current value and formula that the turbidity computing module is exported according to direct current digital display sensitive galvanometerCalculate the turbidity value of sample to be tested.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111879807A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-03 | 青海大学 | Monitoring alarm device for detecting turbidity and heavy metal element content in water |
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2019
- 2019-06-25 CN CN201910553862.XA patent/CN110146472A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111879807A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-03 | 青海大学 | Monitoring alarm device for detecting turbidity and heavy metal element content in water |
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Application publication date: 20190820 |
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