CN110146472A - A device and method for measuring water turbidity based on photovoltaic effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置及方法，所述装置包括：蓝色聚光灯、水样槽、温度计、硅光电池、直流数显灵敏电流计、标定系数设置模块、水浊度计算模块和显示屏；所述蓝色聚光灯发射波长460nm的蓝光；所述水样槽内装有待测水样；所述温度计设置在水样槽内；所述蓝光经待测水样透射后，进入硅光电池后形成电流，所述直流数显灵敏电流计检测电流值；所述标定系数设置模块，用于设置通过浊度标定过程获得的浊度计算公式系数；所述水浊度计算模块，用于根据电流值和浊度计算公式计算被测水样的浊度值，发送至显示屏进行显示。本发明的装置具有电路简单，操作方便，能实现自动测量，能适当提高测量精度和增大测量范围的优点。
The invention discloses a water turbidity measurement device and method based on the photovoltaic effect. The device includes: a blue spotlight, a water sample tank, a thermometer, a silicon photocell, a DC digital display sensitive ammeter, a calibration coefficient setting module, a water Turbidity calculation module and display screen; the blue spotlight emits blue light with a wavelength of 460nm; the water sample to be tested is installed in the water sample tank; the thermometer is arranged in the water sample tank; the blue light is transmitted through the water sample to be tested After entering the silicon photocell to form a current, the DC digital display sensitive ammeter detects the current value; the calibration coefficient setting module is used to set the coefficient of the turbidity calculation formula obtained through the turbidity calibration process; the water turbidity calculation The module is used to calculate the turbidity value of the measured water sample according to the current value and the turbidity calculation formula, and send it to the display screen for display. The device of the invention has the advantages of simple circuit, convenient operation, automatic measurement, proper improvement of measurement accuracy and increase of measurement range.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水质监测领域，具体涉及一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a device and method for measuring water turbidity based on the photovoltaic effect.
背景技术Background technique
水在工业、农业、乃至人们日常生活中起着至关重要的作用，但由于各种人为污染和自然因素，使得水质发生了改变，水质的优劣决定水源能否被利用。浊度是评价水质的一个重要指标，它是判断水源是否被污染的最简单的方法之一，因此水浊度的准确测定对水质的评价尤为重要。Water plays a vital role in industry, agriculture, and even people's daily life, but due to various man-made pollution and natural factors, the water quality has changed, and the quality of the water determines whether the water source can be used. Turbidity is an important indicator for evaluating water quality, and it is one of the easiest ways to judge whether a water source is polluted, so the accurate determination of water turbidity is particularly important for water quality evaluation.
现有的浊度测量仪精度高，但价格昂贵；国内指针式浊度仪操作繁杂，且精度不高，很难获取精确的数据，电子浊度仪在精度上有一定的提高，但系功耗大，电路复杂，且测量范围小。The existing turbidimeters have high precision, but are expensive; domestic pointer turbidimeters are complicated to operate and have low precision, making it difficult to obtain accurate data. Electronic turbidimeters have improved in accuracy, but they are The consumption is large, the circuit is complicated, and the measurement range is small.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术缺陷，提出了一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置及方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects, and propose a water turbidity measurement device and method based on the photovoltaic effect.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置，所述装置包括：蓝色聚光灯、水样槽、温度计、硅光电池、直流数显灵敏电流计、标定系数设置模块、水浊度计算模块和显示屏；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a water turbidity measurement device based on the photovoltaic effect, said device comprising: a blue spotlight, a water sample tank, a thermometer, a silicon photocell, a DC digital display sensitive ammeter, and a calibration coefficient setting Module, water turbidity calculation module and display screen;
所述蓝色聚光灯发射波长460nm的蓝光；所述水样槽内装有待测水样；所述温度计设置在水样槽内；所述蓝光经待测水样透射后，进入硅光电池后形成电流，所述直流数显灵敏电流计检测电流值；The blue spotlight emits blue light with a wavelength of 460nm; the water sample tank is equipped with a water sample to be tested; the thermometer is arranged in the water sample tank; after the blue light is transmitted through the water sample to be tested, it enters a silicon photocell to form a current , the DC digital display sensitive ammeter detects the current value;
所述标定系数设置模块，用于设置通过浊度标定过程获得的浊度计算公式系数；The calibration coefficient setting module is used to set the turbidity calculation formula coefficient obtained through the turbidity calibration process;
所述水浊度计算模块，用于根据电流和浊度计算公式计算被测水样的浊度值，发送至显示屏进行显示。The water turbidity calculation module is used to calculate the turbidity value of the measured water sample according to the current and the turbidity calculation formula, and send it to the display screen for display.
作为上述装置的一种改进，所述通过浊度标定过程获得的浊度计算公式系数，具体包括：As an improvement of the above-mentioned device, the turbidity calculation formula coefficient obtained through the turbidity calibration process specifically includes:
步骤101)在水样槽内倒入0浊度纯净水时，测得电流为1.33mA；倒入由400NTU福尔马肼稀释所得的75NTU溶液时，测得电流为0.28mA；Step 101) When pouring pure water with 0 turbidity into the water sample tank, the measured current is 1.33mA; when pouring the 75NTU solution diluted with 400NTU formazin, the measured current is 0.28mA;
步骤102)将上述数据代入浊度和电流的关系式，得到下列方程：Step 102) above-mentioned data is substituted into the relational expression of turbidity and electric current, obtain following equation:
求解上述方程，则浊度计算公式系数为：K1＝-0.0208，k＝0.0580；Solving the above equation, the coefficients of the turbidity calculation formula are: K 1 =-0.0208, k = 0.0580;
步骤103)浊度计算公式为：Step 103) turbidity calculation formula is:
其中，T为浊度，I为电流。Among them, T is the turbidity, I is the electric current.
作为上述装置的一种改进，所述水浊度计算模块，用于根据直流数显灵敏电流计输出的电流值和公式计算待测样本的浊度值。As an improvement of the above-mentioned device, the water turbidity calculation module is used to output the current value and the formula according to the DC digital display sensitive ammeter Calculate the turbidity value of the sample to be tested.
作为上述装置的一种改进，所述硅光电池的受光面积为6mm*6mm；光谱范围为：300—1000nm；峰值波长为700nm。As an improvement of the above device, the light-receiving area of the silicon photocell is 6mm*6mm; the spectral range is 300-1000nm; the peak wavelength is 700nm.
基于上述装置，本发明还提出了一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量方法，所述方法包括：Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention also proposes a method for measuring water turbidity based on the photovoltaic effect, said method comprising:
将待测样本放入水样槽，打开蓝色聚光灯，所述直流数显灵敏电流计显示的电流值；Put the sample to be tested into the water sample tank, turn on the blue spotlight, and the current value displayed by the DC digital display sensitive ammeter;
所述浊度计算模块根据直流数显灵敏电流计输出的电流值和公式计算待测样本的浊度值。The turbidity calculation module is based on the current value and the formula output by the DC digital display sensitive ammeter Calculate the turbidity value of the sample to be tested.
本发明的优势在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
1、本发明的基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置具有电路简单，操作方便，能实现自动测量，规避指针式浊度仪的人工操作；利用光生伏特效应的原理，反应灵敏，能适当提高测量精度，增大测量范围；1. The water turbidity measuring device based on the photovoltaic effect of the present invention has a simple circuit, is easy to operate, can realize automatic measurement, and avoids the manual operation of the pointer type turbidity meter; utilizes the principle of the photovoltaic effect, is sensitive in response, and can appropriately improve Measurement accuracy, increase the measurement range;
2、本发明的水浊度测定可推广至对其他液体的浊度测定系统，还可应用到对雾霾的监测工作中去，能广泛应用于自来水厂、工业生产、环保等领域。2. The water turbidity measurement of the present invention can be extended to turbidity measurement systems for other liquids, and can also be applied to the monitoring of smog, and can be widely used in waterworks, industrial production, environmental protection and other fields.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的测量装置示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device of the present invention;
图2为本发明的电流检测电路示意图，其中B为硅光电池；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a current detection circuit of the present invention, wherein B is a silicon photovoltaic cell;
图3为检测电流与温度的关系曲线图；Fig. 3 is the relation graph of detection current and temperature;
图4为浊度与温度的关系曲线图。Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between turbidity and temperature.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
浊度表示水中凝胶物质与悬浮的固体颗粒对透过的光线产生的阻碍程度(或散射的现象)。水中的杂质包括悬浊液、乳浊液及其他可溶性杂质会对透过水中的光束具有散射作用。Turbidity indicates the degree of obstruction (or scattering phenomenon) of the transmitted light by gel substances and suspended solid particles in water. Impurities in water, including suspensions, emulsions and other soluble impurities, will have a scattering effect on the light beam passing through the water.
基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置的测量工作需在暗环境内进行，只需将测量装置置于密闭不透光的暗箱内即可。The measurement work of the water turbidity measurement device based on the photovoltaic effect needs to be carried out in a dark environment, and the measurement device only needs to be placed in a closed and light-tight dark box.
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种基于光生伏特效应的水浊度测量装置，所述装置包括：蓝色聚光灯、水样槽、温度计、硅光电池、直流数显灵敏电流计、若干导线、泡沫块、标定系数设置模块、水浊度计算模块和显示屏。As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of water turbidity measurement device based on photovoltaic effect, and described device comprises: blue spotlight, water sample tank, thermometer, silicon photovoltaic cell, direct current digital display sensitive ammeter, several wires , a foam block, a calibration coefficient setting module, a water turbidity calculation module and a display screen.
所述蓝色聚光灯，用于发射波长460nm的蓝光；光照强度：23lx；工作电压：3-5V；实际提供电压：3V；The blue spotlight is used to emit blue light with a wavelength of 460nm; light intensity: 23lx; working voltage: 3-5V; actual supply voltage: 3V;
所述水样槽内装有待测水样，尺寸为：15x7x7cm；温度计设置在水样槽内，用于测量水样的温度；泡沫块的作用是在定标实验过程中保持样品溶液的温度不变。The water sample to be tested is housed in the water sample tank, and its size is: 15x7x7cm; a thermometer is arranged in the water sample tank to measure the temperature of the water sample; the function of the foam block is to keep the temperature of the sample solution constant during the calibration experiment. Change.
硅光电池：受光面积：6mm*6mm光谱范围：300—1000nm峰值波长：700nm；硅光电池响应快，稳定性好，使用寿命长，且硅光电池的短路电流和光照强度满足线性关系，可作为很好的光电转换材料。Silicon photocell: Light receiving area: 6mm*6mm Spectral range: 300-1000nm Peak wavelength: 700nm; Silicon photocell has fast response, good stability, long service life, and the short-circuit current and light intensity of silicon photocell meet the linear relationship, which can be used as a good photoelectric conversion materials.
直流数显灵敏电流计：工作电压为5V，实际提供电压为5V。DC digital display sensitive ammeter: the working voltage is 5V, and the actual supply voltage is 5V.
启动开关，光源发射蓝光，经水样透射后由A孔照射到硅光电池B，入射光电子将处介带中的束缚电子激发到导带，激发出的电子空穴对在内电场作用下分别飘移到硅光电池的N型区和P型区，当在PN结两端加负载时就有一光生电流流过负载－－光电池把接收到的光信号转变为与之成正比的电流信号，在直流数显灵敏电流计显示。如图2所示。Turn on the switch, the light source emits blue light, and after being transmitted by the water sample, it irradiates the silicon photocell B from hole A, and the incident photoelectrons excite the bound electrons in the dielectric band to the conduction band, and the excited electron-hole pairs drift separately under the action of the internal electric field To the N-type area and the P-type area of the silicon photovoltaic cell, when a load is applied at both ends of the PN junction, a photo-generated current flows through the load-the photoelectric cell converts the received optical signal into a current signal proportional to it, and in the DC Displayed by the sensitive ammeter. as shown in picture 2.
标定系数设置模块，用于设置通过浊度标定过程获得的浊度计算公式系数；具体为：The calibration coefficient setting module is used to set the turbidity calculation formula coefficient obtained through the turbidity calibration process; specifically:
透射光强度的减弱遵循朗伯-比尔定律，可求180°方向上投射后的光照强度P：The weakening of the transmitted light intensity follows the Lambert-Beer law, and the light intensity P after projection in the 180° direction can be obtained:
P＝MP0eKTL (1)P=MP 0 e KTL (1)
其中，T为水样浊度，P0为入射光强度，L为水样厚度，K、K1为系数，M为装置的几何参数。Among them, T is the turbidity of the water sample, P 0 is the incident light intensity, L is the thickness of the water sample, K and K 1 are the coefficients, and M is the geometric parameter of the device.
由光生伏特效应的基本规律可知：在保持入射光频率不变的情况下，单位时间内光生伏特效应所激发的光子中，初速度大于vi的光电子总数与入射光强度成正比，即光电流与入射光强度成正比，即：According to the basic law of the photovoltaic effect, it can be known that in the case of keeping the frequency of the incident light constant, among the photons excited by the photovoltaic effect per unit time, the total number of photoelectrons whose initial velocity is greater than v i is proportional to the intensity of the incident light, that is, the photocurrent Proportional to the incident light intensity, that is:
I＝kP (3)I=kP (3)
其中，I为光电流，k为比例系数。Among them, I is the photocurrent, and k is the proportionality coefficient.
由(2)、(3)式可得以下浊度计算公式：From formulas (2) and (3), the following turbidity calculation formula can be obtained:
即： which is:
式中，K1,k由用福尔马肼溶液配制的标准液标定。In the formula, K 1 and k are calibrated by the standard solution prepared with formazin solution.
表1Table 1
水槽内倒入0浊度纯净水时，测得电流为1.33mA；倒入由400NTU福尔马肼稀释所得的75NTU溶液时，测得电流为0.28mA。When pouring pure water with 0 turbidity into the tank, the measured current is 1.33mA; when pouring 75NTU solution diluted with 400NTU formazin, the measured current is 0.28mA.
将上述数据代入(8)式，可得下列方程：Substituting the above data into formula (8), the following equation can be obtained:
解得K1＝-0.0208，k＝0.0580。It is solved that K 1 =-0.0208, k=0.0580.
由计算公式：再代入表1实测数据，可得浊度计算值，如表2：By the calculation formula: Substituting the measured data in Table 1, the calculated value of turbidity can be obtained, as shown in Table 2:
表2Table 2
如图3和图4所示，浊度随温度的变化趋势可初步定性地得出结论：浊度受温度影响，且随温度的增大而降低。但图像中多处出现拐点，表示变化幅度较大，可能是因为数据点采集过少，在拐点附近应多测一些数据，因此对上述图像仅做定性分析。As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the change trend of turbidity with temperature can be preliminarily concluded qualitatively that turbidity is affected by temperature and decreases with the increase of temperature. However, there are inflection points in many places in the image, indicating that the change range is relatively large. It may be because too few data points are collected, and more data should be measured near the inflection point. Therefore, only qualitative analysis of the above images is performed.
误差计算：Error calculation:
以35℃自来水为例，借助实验室现有仪器测得浊度为3.6NTU，用本装置测得浊度为3.51NTU。Taking tap water at 35°C as an example, the turbidity measured by the existing laboratory equipment is 3.6NTU, and the turbidity measured by this device is 3.51NTU.
绝对误差：δx＝x-x0＝3.51-3.6＝-0.09；Absolute error: δ x ＝xx 0 ＝3.51-3.6＝-0.09;
相对误差： Relative error:
水浊度计算模块包括：用于根据直流数显灵敏电流计输出的电流值和公式计算待测样本的浊度值，The water turbidity calculation module includes: the current value and formula used to output according to the DC digital display sensitive ammeter Calculate the turbidity value of the sample to be tested,
显示屏，用于显示待测样本的浊度值。The display screen is used to display the turbidity value of the sample to be tested.
结论：in conclusion:
(1)本装置具有高度的灵敏性，在对样本浊度测量时，搅拌样本，数值变化迅速。所测数据与文献资料显示数据差别不大。(1) This device has high sensitivity. When measuring the turbidity of the sample, the value changes rapidly when the sample is stirred. There is little difference between the measured data and the literature data.
(2)由图4可知，温度对浊度明显存在影响，当水样温度升高时，浊度随温度的升高而减小。(2) It can be seen from Figure 4 that temperature has an obvious effect on turbidity. When the temperature of the water sample increases, the turbidity decreases with the increase of temperature.
(3)通过本装置的搭建和实验，能够得出较为准确的浊度测量数据，(3) Through the construction and experiment of this device, more accurate turbidity measurement data can be obtained,
本发明的主要创新点如下：The main innovations of the present invention are as follows:
a、基于光生伏特效应原理设计水浊度测量装置，在现有装置上，提高了测量的灵敏度；a. Design a water turbidity measurement device based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, and improve the sensitivity of the measurement on the existing device;
b、设置温度梯度对不同的样本进行浊度测量，得出温度对浊度的影响结果b. Set the temperature gradient to measure the turbidity of different samples, and obtain the results of the influence of temperature on turbidity
c、测量过程操作简单，装置简易明了，成本较低；c. The measurement process is simple to operate, the device is simple and clear, and the cost is low;
d、本装置的光电转换技术方案具有广阔的推广空间和使用价值。d. The photoelectric conversion technical scheme of the device has broad promotion space and use value.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111879807A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-03 | 青海大学 | Monitoring alarm device for detecting turbidity and heavy metal element content in water |
| CN112414908A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳市中科云驰环境科技有限公司 | On-line monitoring device, system and method for turbidity water quality based on spectroscopy |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111879807A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-03 | 青海大学 | Monitoring alarm device for detecting turbidity and heavy metal element content in water |
| CN112414908A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳市中科云驰环境科技有限公司 | On-line monitoring device, system and method for turbidity water quality based on spectroscopy |
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