CN110122812B - 一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂及其应用,该复合乳酸菌剂是由干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei和鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnosus按菌体数比例为1‑5:1复配而成。本发明的复合乳酸菌剂产酸速度快,产酸量较高,不仅能抑制发酵液中杂菌的生长,还能够显著缩短发酵周期,使得发酵出来的发酵食品风味突出,品质稳定均一,利于发酵食品产业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域,特别是一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂及其应用。
背景技术
发酵食品是指人们利用有益微生物加工制造的一类食品,发酵食品具有独特的风味,如酸奶、干酪、酒酿、泡菜、酱油、食醋、豆豉、黄酒、啤酒、葡萄酒等。
酸汤主要分为白酸和红酸,红酸汤指凯里红酸汤,是用西红柿、新鲜红辣椒、食盐等经自然发酵而成的一种调味品,用其煮制的火锅口感醇厚、细腻、柔和,酸味纯正、辣味悠厚、咸味适中,并且具有开胃,健脾,增强食欲的独特作用,其味道鲜美,百食不厌,深受海内外消费者的青睐;白酸汤是指糯米酸汤,是贵州的黔东南地区,用米泔水(淘米水)经自然发酵而成的一种调味品;虾酸是贵州省独山县本地特产发酵调味品,是用虾子腌制发酵制作,与盐酸菜,“臭”酸并称为“独山三酸”,一般用于制作虾酸牛肉、虾酸肥肠等,一般餐馆都能吃到,用虾酸做出来的菜闻起来会感觉很臭,但吃起来确是酸甜鲜香,又臭又好吃,深受大众的喜欢。
酸汤等发酵产业在迅速发展的同时,也存在着一些制约企业规模化生产的问题:企业一直采用传统的自然发酵工艺,发酵液中微生物来源复杂,微生物的生长无法合理控制,且发酵出来的发酵食品品质不均,发酵周期长(一般为6-12个月),影响发酵食品发酵的品质,这样不利于酸汤等发酵产业的规模化化生产。
因此,发明一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂对酸汤等发酵产业的发展具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂及其应用。本发明的复合乳酸菌剂产酸速度快,产酸量较高,不仅能抑制发酵液中杂菌的生长,还能够缩短发酵周期,使得发酵出来的发酵食品品质稳定均一,利于发酵食品产业化生产。
本发明的技术方案:一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂,该复合乳酸菌剂是由干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei和鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnosus按菌体数比例为1-5:1复配而成。
前述的一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂中,该复合乳酸菌剂是由干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei和鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnosus按菌体数比例为1:1复配而成。
前述的一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的制备方法,将干酪乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌分别活化后制成冻干粉,按比例将干酪乳杆菌冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉进行混合,即得该复合乳酸菌剂。
前述的一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的制备方法中,所述干酪乳杆菌冻干粉是将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,采用高速冷冻离心机,在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳,在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到的。
前述的一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的制备方法中,所述鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉是将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,采用高速冷冻离心机,在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳,在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到的。
一种前述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作发酵食品中的应用。
前述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用中,所述发酵食品包括红酸汤、白酸汤、虾酸或泡菜。
前述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用中,所述红酸汤的制作方法包括以下步骤;
(a)原料处理:用沸水与糯米粉以质量比5-8:1的比例混合,冷却后得糯米浆;挑选新鲜番茄洗净,加入红辣椒、姜、糯米浆,采用打浆机打浆后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液中含有发酵液体积的1-3%糯米浆、3-5%的红辣椒、3-5%的姜、2-4%的盐、0.5-1.5%的白酒;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照1:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入发酵液体积1-5%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为20-35℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过130-135℃、5-15秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得该复合乳酸菌发酵酸汤。
前述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用中,所述干酪乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌是由凯里传统红酸汤中分离出来的。
与现有技术相比,本发明的复合乳酸菌剂产酸快较高,不仅能抑制发酵液中杂菌的生长,且能够显著缩短发酵周期;本发明复合乳酸菌剂用于发酵食品生产时,生产过程可控,使得发酵出来的发酵食品品质稳定均一,风味突出,并且其营养价值得到提高,利于发酵食品产业化生产。
为了确保本发明的效果,申请人对该复合乳酸菌剂所制得的红酸汤营养品质进行了相应的试验研究,并以未接菌发酵酸汤(自然发酵组)作为对照组,具体如下:
1材料与方法
1.1材料与试剂
番茄、糯米粉、食盐、生姜、辣椒、白酒(均购置于贵州省贵阳市花溪区合力超市)
主要试剂:氢氧化钠、酚酞、3.5-二硝基水杨酸、四硼酸钠、亚铁氰化钾、对氨基苯磺酸、盐酸萘乙二胺、盐酸、磷酸二氢铵、无水乙醇、甲醛(浓度为38%)、葡萄糖标品、氯化钠、MRS肉汤培养基、MRS琼脂培养基、甲醇(色谱纯)、乳酸、草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);
1.2仪器与设备
HPX-9082 MBE型数显电热培养箱:上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;便携式pH计:深圳德图仪表有限公司;FA2004N电子天平:上海菁海仪器有限公司;TGL20M台式高速冷冻离心机:长沙迈佳森仪器设备有限公司;SW-CJ-1FD型超净工作台:苏州苏洁净化设备有限公司;LS-B75L-I型立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅:江阴滨江医疗设备有限公司;Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪配有可变波长紫外检测器:美国安捷伦公司;伊力特SinoChrom ODS-BP C18色谱柱(4.6mm×200mm,5μm):大连伊力特分析仪器有限公司。
1.3数据处理与统计分析
所有试验均重复3次,结果用平均值±标准差来表示,使用Oringe2018pro作图,分析数据的变化趋势,用统计分析软件SPSS20.0对数据进行分析处理。
2结果与分析
2.1酸汤发酵过程中总酸含量的动态变化
由图1可知,总酸含量在两组红酸汤发酵过程中随时间的变化不断的增加,总酸含量的增加是由于酸汤发酵过程中,乳酸菌产生大量的乳酸等有机酸。在发酵第五天时,未接菌组的总酸含量从初始的(0.442±0.000)%上升至(0.6±0.022)%,而接菌组的总酸含量则从初始的(0.442±0.000)%快速上升至(1.0±0.022)%左右,达到未接菌组第15天的总酸含量,达到快速产酸的目的。
2.2酸汤发酵过程中氨基酸态氮含量的动态变化
氨基酸作为发酵食品一个重要的评价指标和风味物质的前体物质,理论上通常采用氨基酸态氮的含量来表示。氨基酸种类和含量不仅能够影响发酵蔬菜的品质,且通过化合反应产生的风味物质对发酵蔬菜的品质存在很重要的作用,如食品中主要鲜味氨基酸:天冬氨酸和谷氨酸,能够与Na+结合形成鲜味物质,对红酸汤的风味和品质起重要的作用。如图2所示,在两组红酸汤的整个发酵过程中,无论是否接菌发酵,酸汤总氨基酸态氮含量呈现不规则波动的趋势,在发酵第四天开始,接菌组的氨基酸态氮含量明显高于未接菌组。文献报道,蛋白质通过微生物发酵后分解成人体更易吸收的氨基酸,提高人体对蛋白质的利用效率。
2.3酸汤发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量的动态变化
发酵制品中最需要关心的安全指标之一就是亚硝酸盐含量。众所周知,亚硝酸盐会对人体产生多种危害,主要包括引发高铁红蛋白症和形成致癌物质亚硝胺。大量研究证实,蔬菜腌渍过程中亚硝酸盐含量均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,且都会出现NO2-高峰即亚硝峰现象。如图3所示,未接菌组在整个发酵过程中,其亚硝酸的波动较大,可能是由于各种菌相互作用引起的,而接菌组的亚硝峰则出现在第三天,之后便趋于稳定,在整个发酵过程,接菌发酵的亚硝酸盐的含量比未接菌组要低,从而保证了红酸汤的安全性。
2.4酸汤发酵前后中有机酸的变化
新鲜番茄中的酸味主要归因于柠檬酸和苹果酸,占番茄的总有机酸含量的90%;有机酸不仅是发酵程度的重要指标,也是酸汤中的主要风味营养物质之一和天然防腐剂,其含量的高低与酸汤的品质有密切关系。生番茄经过乳酸菌发酵后,生成了口味更加柔和以及对人体更有益的乳酸;研究证实乳酸可以提高人体对钙、铁的利用,促进铁和维生素D的吸收。由图4可知,通过发酵,两组酸汤中的乳酸含量都显著增加,但接菌组的乳酸增加量为未接菌组的一倍左右,这使得发酵酸汤的风味更加突出和稳定。
2.5酸汤的感官评价
感官评定小组
感官评定小组由10名贵州大学食品学院经过红酸汤审评标准及审评方法的培训的专业人员组成,要求品评员试验前12h禁止饮酒,不食刺激性食物。审评试验前不能涂抹气味浓烈的化妆品。审评下一个样品前要求食用不含盐和糖的白面包并漱口,样品之间间隔5min。评分标准见表1
表1红酸汤感官评分标准
由图5可知,由复合乳酸菌剂发酵的红酸汤在滋味、香气、色泽、质地均优于未接菌组,且总体可接受度也高于未接菌发酵组。
本实验通过对两组酸汤发酵过程中与营养品质相关的指标进行测定及分析,并对其发酵前后的有机酸的变化进行测定及分析,同时以发酵完成的产品请专业的品评人员进行感官评定,结果表明本实验所采用的这两株乳酸菌能够很好的适应红酸汤的发酵环境并快速产酸,将红酸汤发酵周期由15d缩短至5d,而相应的营养及安全指标得到提升,如氨基酸态氮含量与乳酸含量显著高于发酵组,亚硝酸盐含量显著低于未接菌发酵组;且通过发酵前后的有机酸数据以及感官评定结果可以得知,接菌发酵组的有机酸中乳酸含量超过未接菌组的一倍左右且风味较未接菌更佳;表明本实验所用的两株乳酸菌可以作为红酸汤的发酵剂,且通过乳酸菌复合发酵可以改善其风味,提高其营养保健价值以及安全性,可以为红酸汤产业化发展提供参考和理论依据。
综上所述,本发明的复合乳酸菌剂产酸速度快,产酸量较高,不仅能抑制发酵液中杂菌的生长,还能够显著缩短发酵周期,使得发酵出来的发酵食品品质稳定均一,利于发酵食品产业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实验例中红酸汤发酵期间总酸的变化;
图2是实验例中红酸汤发酵过程氨基酸态氮含量的变化;
图3是实验例中红酸汤发酵过程亚硝酸盐含量的变化;
图4是实验例中红酸汤发酵前后有机酸的变化;
图5是实验例中两组酸汤感官评分雷达图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例1。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作红酸汤中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:用沸水与糯米粉以质量比7.5:1的比例混合,冷却,得糯米浆;挑选新鲜番茄洗净,加入红辣椒、姜、糯米浆,采用打浆机打浆后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液中糯米浆体积占2%、红辣椒体积占4%、姜体积占4%、盐体积占3%、白酒体积占1%,余量为番茄,制得发酵液500g;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照1:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入发酵液体积3%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为28℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过135℃、10秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得该红酸汤。
实施例2。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作红酸汤中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:用沸水与糯米粉以质量比5:1的比例混合,冷却,得糯米浆;挑选新鲜番茄洗净,加入红辣椒、姜、糯米浆,采用打浆机打浆后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液中糯米浆体积占1%、红辣椒体积占3%、姜体积占3%、盐体积占2%、白酒体积占0.5%,余量为番茄,制得发酵液500g;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照3:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入发酵液体积1.5%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为35℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过130℃、8秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得该红酸汤。
实施例3。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作红酸汤中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:用沸水与糯米粉以质量比8:1的比例混合,冷却,得糯米浆;挑选新鲜番茄洗净,加入红辣椒、姜、糯米浆,采用打浆机打浆后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液中糯米浆体积占3%、红辣椒体积占5%、姜体积占5%、盐体积占4%、白酒体积占1.5%,余量为番茄,制得发酵液500g;;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照5:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入发酵液体积5%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为20℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过135℃、15秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得即得该红酸汤。
实施例4。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作白酸汤中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:取糯米洗净,糯米和水按质量比1:8的比例,加入冷水浸泡1h,随后直接加热搅拌煮沸4min,趁热滤出米汤,待米汤冷却后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液盐体积占2-4%、白酒体积占0.5-1.5%;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照4:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入发酵液体积4%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为32℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过130℃、12秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得白酸汤。
实施例5。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作虾酸中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:取1kg小河虾洗净,晾干水分;另取番茄、鲜红辣椒各3kg,分别去蒂洗净,晾干水分,加入0.5kg姜、0.5kg蒜剁碎,再加入400g糯米酒及0.2kg盐,加入小河虾拌匀得A品;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照2:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入A品体积5%的复合乳酸菌剂,在温度为32℃下发酵5d,得B品;
(e)加工:发酵完成后,将B品剁成碎成茸状,经过130℃、10秒灭菌后,采用无菌包装,即得虾酸。
实施例6。一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作泡菜中的应用,其制备方法为:
(a)原料处理:取2kg白菜和1kg菊芋洗净切段;另取鲜红辣椒1kg,去蒂洗净,加入0.5kg姜、0.5kg蒜剁碎,再加入400g白酒及0.2kg盐拌匀,与切段的白菜和菊芋混合,得A品;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:同实施例1;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照3:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,加入A品体积3%的复合乳酸菌剂,并加蒸馏水至淹没A品,在温度为28℃下发酵5d,得B品;
(e)加工:发酵完成后取出,采用无菌包装,即得该泡菜。
Claims (5)
1. 一种快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂,其特征在于:该复合乳酸菌剂是由干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei和鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnosus按菌体数比例为1:1复配而成,其制备方法如下进行:
干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,采用高速冷冻离心机,在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳,在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到的;
鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,采用高速冷冻离心机,在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳,在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到的;
将干酪乳杆菌冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉按比例进行混合,即得该复合乳酸菌剂。
2.一种如权利要求1中任一项所述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂在制作发酵食品中应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用,其特征在于:所述发酵食品包括红酸汤、白酸汤、虾酸或泡菜。
4.根据权利要求3所述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用,其特征在于:所述红酸汤的制作方法包括以下步骤;
(a)原料处理:用沸水与糯米粉以质量比5-8:1的比例混合,冷却后得糯米浆;挑选新鲜番茄洗净,加入红辣椒、姜、糯米浆,采用打浆机打浆后加入盐、白酒混匀,得到发酵液;该发酵液中含有发酵液体积的1-3%糯米浆、3-5%的红辣椒、3-5%的姜、2-4%的盐、0.5-1.5%的白酒;
(b)制备干酪乳杆菌冻干粉:将干酪乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(c)制备鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉:将鼠李糖乳杆菌活化,采用300mL的MRS肉汤培养基培养至109CFU/mL后,在高速冷冻离心机在转速为10000r/min离心6min后,将肉汤培养基倒掉得到菌体,加入300mL浓度为100g/L的灭菌脱脂乳后在-80℃冰箱中强冻24h后,在真空冷冻干燥机中冻干后得到鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉;
(d)接菌发酵:将干酪乳杆菌的冻干粉和鼠李糖乳杆菌的冻干粉按照1:1的比例进行混合,得复合乳酸菌剂,取发酵液体积1-5%的复合乳酸菌剂加入发酵液中,在温度为20-35℃下发酵5d,得A品;
(e)杀菌:发酵完成后,将A品经过130-135℃、5-15秒灭菌后,迅速冷却至30℃以下,采用无菌灌装,即得该复合乳酸菌发酵酸汤。
5.根据权利要求4所述快速发酵食品的复合乳酸菌剂的应用,其特征在于:所述干酪乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌是由凯里传统红酸汤中分离并鉴定得到的。
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