Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an error compensation method of a five-axis non-contact measuring machine, which can improve the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition step: measuring a standard workpiece by a measuring head with a laser displacement sensor to obtain initial coordinate data of the standard workpiece, wherein the initial coordinate data of the standard workpiece comprises initial three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of any point of the workpiece and corresponding spatial positions (x, y, z, a and c) of the measuring head;
single error identification: calibrating geometric errors among a linear motion pair, a rotary motion pair and a motion pair of a five-axis non-contact measuring machine to obtain 21 errors of a linear axis and 24 errors of a rotary axis, constructing a single error identification model, and then performing single error identification on initial coordinate data of a standard workpiece to obtain single error data;
and (3) comprehensive error identification: constructing an ideal measurement motion model from a workpiece chain to a measuring head chain by homogeneous transformation with a five-axis non-contact measuring machine tool coordinate system as a base coordinate system, and correcting by utilizing single error data on the basis of rigid body kinematics to obtain a comprehensive error identification model and comprehensive error data;
and error compensation step: and carrying out error compensation on the initial three-dimensional coordinate data of the workpiece to be detected according to the comprehensive error data to obtain corrected coordinate data of the workpiece to be detected.
And the single error identification is obtained by calculating a 1-dimensional difference value, and a single error value corresponding to any point coordinate on the standard workpiece is obtained.
The ideal measured motion model isWherein i represents the matrix theoryIn the matrix of the wanted movement,
is an ideal motion matrix from the workpiece coordinate system to the C turntable coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a C turntable coordinate system to a Y-axis coordinate system,d is the distance between the origin of the A-axis coordinate system and the origin of the C-axis coordinate system in the Z direction,
is an ideal motion matrix from a Y-axis coordinate system to a base coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a base coordinate system to an X-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from an X-axis coordinate system to a Z-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a Z-axis coordinate system to an A-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from an A-axis coordinate system to a measuring head coordinate system,and L is the distance between the origin of the measuring head coordinate system and the origin of the A-axis coordinate system in the Z direction.
The comprehensive error identification model isWherein e denotes that the matrix is a motion matrix with errors, t (X) is X-axis translational and rotational error, T (Y) is Y-axis translational and rotational error, T (Z) is Z-axis translational and rotational error, T (A) is A-axis translational and rotational error, and T (C) is C-axis translational and rotational error.
The composite error data is
Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1) the method has the advantages that the single error is firstly obtained, then the comprehensive error caused by the measurement motion is obtained, the comprehensive geometric error of the five-axis non-contact measuring machine in any working space pose can be rapidly determined, and the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency are improved through post-compensation post-processing;
2) under the condition of determining the measuring head pose (x, y, z, a, c), errors can be corrected quickly, and real data of a workpiece to be measured are obtained;
3) the method is beneficial to a user to quickly select the mounting position of the piece to be measured, reduces the measurement error and reduces the uncertainty of the measurement precision.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the following steps:
a data acquisition step: measuring a standard workpiece by a measuring head with a laser displacement sensor to obtain initial coordinate data of the standard workpiece, wherein the initial coordinate data of the standard workpiece comprises initial three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of any point of the workpiece and corresponding spatial positions (x, y, z, a and c) of the measuring head;
single error identification: calibrating geometric errors among a linear motion pair, a rotary motion pair and a motion pair of a five-axis non-contact measuring machine to obtain 21 errors of a linear axis and 24 errors of a rotary axis, constructing a single error identification model, and then performing single error identification on initial coordinate data of a standard workpiece to obtain single error data;
and (3) comprehensive error identification: constructing an ideal measurement motion model from a workpiece chain to a measuring head chain by homogeneous transformation with a five-axis non-contact measuring machine tool coordinate system as a base coordinate system, and correcting by utilizing single error data on the basis of rigid body kinematics to obtain a comprehensive error identification model and comprehensive error data;
and error compensation step: and carrying out error compensation on the initial three-dimensional coordinate data of the workpiece to be detected according to the comprehensive error data to obtain corrected coordinate data of the workpiece to be detected.
The ideal measuring movement comprises two parts, a workpiece chain part and a measuring head chain part; the workpiece chain part is expressed as RCS → YCS → CCS → WCS, and the stylus chain part is expressed as RCS → XCS → ZCS → ACS → TCS, where WCS is a workpiece coordinate system, CCS is a C-turret coordinate system, YCS is a Y-coordinate system, RCS is a base coordinate system, XCS is an X-coordinate system, ZCS is a Z-coordinate system, ACS is an a-turret coordinate system, and TCS is a stylus coordinate system, as shown in fig. 2;
in this embodiment, the comprehensive error identification model is established on the basis of the ideal measurement motion model, and the ideal measurement motion model is obtained by performing homogeneous coordinate transformation on the path of the workpiece coordinate system → the base coordinate system → the probe coordinate system, which can be specifically expressed as
The ideal measured motion model can be expressed asWherein,
is an ideal motion matrix from the workpiece coordinate system to the C turntable coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a C turntable coordinate system to a Y-axis coordinate system,d is the distance between the origin of the A-axis coordinate system and the origin of the C-axis coordinate system in the Z direction,
is an ideal motion matrix from a Y-axis coordinate system to a base coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a base coordinate system to an X-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from an X-axis coordinate system to a Z-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from a Z-axis coordinate system to an A-axis coordinate system,
is an ideal motion matrix from an A-axis coordinate system to a measuring head coordinate system,and L is the distance between the origin of the measuring head coordinate system and the origin of the A-axis coordinate system in the Z direction.
According to ISO 230-1: 2012 the error terms defined by the international standard are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 three axes of geometric error terms
TABLE 2 geometric error terms for the rotation axis
In the embodiment of the invention:
x-axis translational rotational error is expressed as
The Y-axis translational rotational error is expressed as
Z-axis translational rotational error is expressed as
The translational and rotational error of the A axis is expressed as
Wherein,a matrix of errors relating to the position is represented,
a position-independent error matrix is represented,
the C-axis translational rotational error is expressed as
Wherein,
an error associated with the C-axis position is indicated,
representing an error independent of the C-axis position.
On the basis of the ideal measurement motion model, correction is carried out based on a single error:
i, workpiece chain
1) Base coordinate system RCS → X coordinate system XCS,
2) x coordinate system XCS → Z coordinate systemZCS,
3) Z coordinate system ZCS → A turntable coordinate system ACS,
4) a turntable coordinate system ACS → a stylus/workpiece coordinate system TCS,
measuring head chain
1) Base coordinate system RCS → Y coordinate system YCS,
2) y-axis coordinate system YCS → C turntable coordinate system CCS,
3) c turntable coordinate system CCS → workpiece coordinate system WCS,
III, establishing a comprehensive error identification model based on I and II
The composite error data of the workpiece is
The error cloud charts in fig. 3a, 3b and 3c show the error values of the device at different spatial positions, which is helpful for the user to quickly select the installation position of the to-be-tested piece. According to the embodiment of the invention, the (x, y, z, a, c) five-dimensional parameters are input under any spatial pose, the actual error value can be rapidly obtained, and the actual error value can be added into the measured value to obtain the actual value of the to-be-measured piece. By adopting the post-compensation post-processing technology, high measurement precision and extremely high measurement efficiency can be realized.
It is to be emphasized that: the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.