CN110095881B - Vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on Guyi phase - Google Patents
Vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on Guyi phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on a Guyi phase, which comprises two non-polarization transmission layers and two polarization transmission layers (2); wherein, a non-polarization transmission layer and a polarization transmission layer (2) that corresponds interconnect forms a whole, and two non-polarization transmission layers and two polarization transmission layers (2) arrange in opposite directions respectively, and two polarization transmission layers (2) are located the inboard setting. The invention utilizes single polarization vortex light to modulate the polarization substrate of the vortex light, and because the generated vector vortex optical rotation mode is only related to the incident light, different corresponding vector light modes can be generated for different incident lights, the incident light allows a radial structure, and the invention keeps the same when the incident light is changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on a Guyi phase.
Background
Vortex light is structured light with a helical wavefront. Generally, the polarization distribution of the vortex rotation is uniform, such as linear polarization, circular polarization, etc., and is also called scalar vortex rotation. The polarization distribution of vector vortex rotation is changed according to a certain rule along with the position of a transverse space, and generally presents axial symmetry distribution, which is also called as a cylindrical symmetry vector light field.
Researches show that when vector vortex light with column symmetry is tightly focused by a high numerical aperture lens, the minimum focus sphere symmetric point can be obtained, the imaging resolution can be improved, the method is used for plasma focusing, nanoparticle control and the like, the application value in the field of high-resolution imaging is particularly outstanding, and the method is embodied in the technologies such as confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, second-order resonance generation microscopy, dark field imaging and the like. In addition, the vector vortex optical rotation has expected application prospect in the fields of laser processing, remote sensing technology, terahertz technology, singularity optics, data storage and the like.
There are many methods for producing quantum vortex optical rotation, and improvement and innovation of the production method are one of the research hotspots in the field. A typical approach is to incorporate a predetermined cavity device into the laser cavity to cause the laser cavity to output a resonant wave in the vector vortex mode. Such cavity means may be an axial birefringent device or an axial dichroic element, the function of which is to provide a mode selection function to remove the fundamental mode component, and related studies were first made in 1972, however, there is little focus on the generation of vector vortex rotation when there is little practical development of vector vortex rotation. In recent years, the potential for the application of vector vortex optical rotation has been gradually explored, and active vector vortex light generation has attracted attention again. The production method using the intracavity axial birefringent device is newly proposed and further improved. New devices that provide polarization mode selection, such as cone lens axial dichroism devices, brewster angle reflectors, etc., have also been developed.
Another approach is to produce spatially non-uniform vector vortex rotation by inverting those of ordinary spatially uniformly polarized (e.g., linearly polarized) light. Therefore, a device with spatially varying polarization properties is often required in such schemes to polarize the passing beam radially or angularly. Such devices can be fabricated by a variety of planar processing techniques, such as electron beam lithography, gray scale lithography, and the like. Some finished grades of components are available today for purchase at optical component manufacturers. The disadvantage of this type of device is that a customized device can only generate one type of vector vortex rotation.
In addition to the above-described methods of generation with spatially varying polarization devices, interferometry is also a common method of generating vector vortex rotation. The method combines a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a Sagnac interferometer with a spiral phase plate or a spiral phase generated by a spatial light modulator liquid crystal, and obtains the vector vortex optical rotation by superposing two single polarization vortexes. Such approaches are inevitably limited by interference stability and also by device resolution in terms of beam quality due to the involvement of the panel-type devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on a Guyi phase, which can realize the function of generating vector vortex optical rotation by utilizing single polarization vortex optical rotation. The mode of vector vortex rotation generated by the device is only related to incident light, so that one device can be applied to the generation of a plurality of vector vortex rotation. The device does not comprise a path interference device and has great advantage in stability.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a vector vortex rotation generating device based on the Gouy phase comprises two non-polarization transmission layers and two polarization transmission layers; wherein, a non-polarization transmission layer and a polarization transmission layer interconnect of correspondence form a whole, and two non-polarization transmission layers and two polarization transmission layers arrange in opposite directions respectively, and two polarization transmission layers are located the inboard setting.
The invention is further improved in that the non-polarization transmission layer is a plano-convex cylindrical lens or a Fresnel phase plate.
A further improvement of the invention is that the plano-convex cylindrical lens or fresnel phase plate can add a converging action of focal length f to the incident light. The polarization transmission layer adds convergence with focal length f to the left-handed circularly polarized light and adds divergence with focal length-f to the right-handed circularly polarized light. Using the lens focal length synthetic formula when placed at zero distance
The total focal length of the combination of each side can be obtained as fL＝f/2，fR＝+∞。
The invention is further improved in that a pi-gooy phase converter is formed for the left-hand circular polarization when the left and right portions are placed opposite each other by a distance d-f. The effect of the Pi Guyi phase converter is to realize the overturning from l to l-l, wherein l and l-l respectively represent vortex light with topological charge of l and-l, and the topological charge of the vortex light is any integer; has no turning effect on the right-handed circularly polarized component.
A further improvement of the invention is that the device is capable of generating single mode vector vortex rotation, expressed as:
in the formula, | L > represents left-handed circular polarization, | R > represents right-handed circular polarization, and γ is a relative phase.
The invention further improves that a connecting layer is arranged between the two polarization transmission layers, and the length of the connecting layer is d-nf, wherein n is the refractive index of the material of the connecting layer.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. universality: the method utilizes single-polarization vortex light to modulate the polarization substrate of the vortex light, and can generate corresponding different vector light modes for different incident lights because the generated vector vortex optical rotation mode is only related to the incident light, the incident light is allowed to have a radial structure, and the method is kept unchanged when the incident light is changed;
2. stability: the device does not need path beam splitting and combining operation in principle, and the system has no interferometer, so that the device is superior to various interferometer methods in stability in practical application. Further, the device can be designed to be integrated so as to be more stable.
3. Can be linearly superposed: based on linear optical design, the physical processes realized by the device can be superposed, so that the device is not only suitable for generating single vector vortex optical rotation, but also suitable for mixed state and superposed state.
4. The use can be reversed: based on the linear optical design, the device can be used reversely, and the conversion of vector vortex light to uniform polarization vortex optical rotation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and convergence of left-hand circular polarization of a device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and effect on right-hand circular polarization of a device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the device of the present invention and the operation effect is shown;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional view of a compact structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fast axes of the polarization transmission layers;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a vector vortex rotation generating apparatus including a light source.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a plano-convex cylindrical lens or a Fresnel phase plate; 2. a polarization transmitting layer; 3. a polarization distribution of the uniformly polarized light; 4. polarization distribution of vector vortex rotation; 5. and (7) connecting the layers.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a vector vortex optical rotation generating device based on a Guyi phase, which consists of two non-polarization transmission layers and two polarization transmission layers 2. The non-polarizing transmission layer is exemplified by a plano-convex lenticular lens 1. As shown in fig. 1, the arrangement is such that two plano-convex lenticular lenses and two polarization transmission layers are arranged opposite to each other.
The non-polarization transmission layer takes the plano-convex cylindrical lens 1 as an example, the plano-convex cylindrical lens can add convergence with a focal length f to incident light, and the focal lengths are the focal lengths of the cylindrical lens, namely the convergence effect is only carried out on a single direction of a transverse plane.
The polarization transmission layer 2 has the function of adding convergence with a focal length f to left-handed circularly polarized light and adding divergence with a focal length-f to right-handed circularly polarized light. Using the lens focal length synthetic formula when placed at zero distance
The total focal length of the combination of each side can be obtained as fL＝f/2，fRInfinity. Fig. 1 and 2 show the converging effect of the device on left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, respectively.
In fig. 1 to 3, when the left and right portions are disposed opposite to each other by a distance d ═ f, a pi-gooy phase converter is formed for the left-hand circular polarization. The effect of the pi gooey phase converter is to realize the flip from | l > to | l-l >. For right-hand circular polarization there is no converter effect.
The present invention also allows for the implementation of an arbitrary gouy phase converter while varying the distance d that the left and right sections are placed opposite, where d is sin (Θ/2) f, where Θ is the gouy phase introduced by the device.
The effect of the invention can be summarized as | L, L > → | -L, L >, | L, R > → | L, R >, wherein | L > represents the left-hand circular polarization and | R > represents the right-hand circular polarization.
The general single-mode vector vortex light can be written as
Wherein γ is the relative phase. And for the vortex rotation of uniform polarization, can be expressed as
Can be converted into the action according to the invention
I.e. single mode vector vortex rotation is generated. The three-dimensional structure and action effect of the device are shown in fig. 3, wherein 1 is a plano-convex cylindrical lens or a fresnel phase plate, 2 is a polarization transmission layer, 3 is polarization distribution of uniform polarized light, and 4 is polarization distribution of vector vortex rotation.
An expanded form of the device, namely a compact structure, is shown in fig. 4, wherein 1 is a plano-convex lenticular lens layer, 2 is a polarization transmission layer, and 5 is a connection layer. The layers are joined by non-destructive techniques such as low power illuminated optical glue. In the case of a paraxial thin lens and the refractive index of air is calculated as 1, according to Snell's law n1sinθ1＝n2sinθ2When the refractive index of the connection layer is n, theta1、θ2The included angles between the refracted light and the interface normal line when no connecting layer exists and the included angles between the refracted light and the interface normal line when a connecting layer exists are respectively, sin theta is approximately equal to theta, tan theta is approximately equal to theta, and theta exists according to paraxial approximation1≈nθ2According to geometric relationships
The actual distance that light passes within the tie layer, i.e. the length of the tie layer 5, can be approximated by d-nf, where n is the refractive index of the tie layer material. Compared with an interference device with the same effect, the interference device is more convenient to design in a miniaturized mode. The invention uses thin lens to approximate the combined focal length and determine the distance between the left and right parts, but when the approximate condition is not met, the calculation is strictly calculated according to the refraction theory.
The invention is not limited to the construction of a pi-gouy phase converter, and any gouy phase converter can be constructed when d satisfies a condition, where d is sin (Θ/2) f in a split configuration and d is nsin (Θ/2) f in a compact configuration, where Θ is the gouy phase introduced by the device.
The design concept of the invention does not limit the radial structure, so the invention is also suitable for vector vortex rotation with the radial structure. The vector vortex rotation containing radial structure is characterized in that the vector vortex rotation without radial structure
Adding a radial structure on the basis of the structure. Since the radial and azimuthal basis vectors are orthogonal to each other in a polar coordinate system, the radial structure-free vector vortex rotation discussed in the present disclosure relates only to the azimuthal coordinate, and thus adding a radial coordinate orthogonal thereto does not affect the foregoing discussion.
The polarization transmission layer can be realized by materials such as liquid crystal polymer, nano panels and the like, and is characterized in that conjugated phase modulation is respectively introduced into two orthogonal substrates, and the model can be represented by the spatial arrangement of a fast axis. The phase modulation introduced by the included angle between the fast axis and the horizontal reference direction is phi 2 phi, wherein phi (y) is the included angle between the crystal axis and the horizontal direction, and y is the plane ordinate. The polarization modulation phase realized by the polarization transmission layer required by the invention has the convergence effect similar to that of a cylindrical lens and can be written as
The spatial arrangement of the fast axis can thus be expressed as
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the fast axis arrangement.
The complete vector vortex rotation-generating optical path diagram is shown in fig. 6. The light source portion may be a laser, or a combination of fundamental mode gaussian light and a spatial light modulator, or the like, which may generate a vortex rotation. The light source can directly generate corresponding vector vortex optical rotation after passing through the device.
The device is a linear optical device, and is also suitable for the generation of vector vortex optical rotation in a superposition state and a mixed state according to the superposition principle of an electromagnetic field.
Further, the reverse use of the present invention can achieve the conversion of vector vortex rotation to uniform polarization vortex rotation.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A vector vortex rotation generating device based on the gooy phase, characterized by comprising two non-polarizing transmission layers and two polarizing transmission layers (2); wherein,
one non-polarization transmission layer and one corresponding polarization transmission layer (2) are connected with each other to form a whole, the two non-polarization transmission layers and the two polarization transmission layers (2) are respectively arranged in opposite directions, and the two polarization transmission layers (2) are arranged at the inner side;
the non-polarization transmission layer is a plano-convex cylindrical lens or a Fresnel phase plate (1); the plane-convex cylindrical lens or the Fresnel phase plate (1) can add a convergence action with a focal length f to incident light, and the polarization transmission layer (2) has the convergence action with the focal length f added to the left-handed circular polarization and the divergence action with the focal length-f added to the right-handed circular polarization; using the lens focal length synthetic formula when placed at zero distance
The total focal length of the combination of each side can be obtained as fL＝f/2，fR＝+∞；
And a connecting layer (5) is further arranged between the two polarization transmission layers (2), when the length of the connecting layer (5) is d ═ nf, n is the refractive index of a connecting layer material, a pi-gooey phase converter is formed for left-handed circular polarization, no converter function is realized for right-handed circular polarization, when the length of the connecting layer (5) is d ═ nsin (theta/2) f, theta is the gooey phase introduced by the device, and any gooey phase converter is realized for left-handed circular polarization.
2. The vector vortex rotation generating device based on the Guyi phase as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device realizes the flip of l > to l-l > for the left-handed circular polarization component, | l > and l-l > respectively represent vortex light with topological charge of l and l, and the topological charge of the vortex light is any integer; has no turning effect on the right-handed circularly polarized component.
3. A vector vortex rotation generating device based on the gooy phase according to claim 1, wherein the device is capable of generating single-mode vector vortex rotation expressed by:
in the formula, | L > represents left-handed circular polarization, | R > represents right-handed circular polarization, and γ is a relative phase.
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