CN110057730A - A kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method - Google Patents
A kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057730A CN110057730A CN201910186311.4A CN201910186311A CN110057730A CN 110057730 A CN110057730 A CN 110057730A CN 201910186311 A CN201910186311 A CN 201910186311A CN 110057730 A CN110057730 A CN 110057730A
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- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 201000006306 Cor pulmonale Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004186 Pulmonary Heart Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036071 Rhinorrhea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039101 Rhinorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010044302 Tracheitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000030961 allergic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000030603 inherited susceptibility to asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009602 intrauterine growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004994 reproductive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010041232 sneezing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0612—Optical scan of the deposits
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test methods, specifically the quantitative measurments human body particulate matter such as this core technology of fluorescent grain trace labelling technology and the particulate matter active inhaled concentration method of sampling, particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting method are combined actively to suck exposed amount.Development will be analyzed Exposure before indirectly directly to test Exposure.The test method that the method for the present invention is integrated with the particulate matter active inhaled concentration method of sampling, scaling method, test method and statistical method can accurately test human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration.Actively the exposed and passive sedimentation of sucking exposed analysis and comparison provides possibility to the human body particulate matter that is established as of the method for the present invention.It has very important significance for the research of particulate matter health threat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of human body particle concentration test methods, and in particular to human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration is surveyed
Method for testing.
Background technique
The concept definition of personnel's exposed amount is for personnel to the exposure of substance in a certain environment.Personnel are to the sudden and violent of particulate matter
Dew amount can be further refined as the particulate matter exposed amount and passive Deposited particulate matter exposed amount that personnel actively suck.
Actively the particle size of sucking is smaller, and the position entered the respiratory system is deeper.Particulate matter greater than 11.0 μm is big
Part is captured by nasal membrane, seldom can enter human respiratory.But if these large particles, which carry pollen, to be waited
When quick source, the people that can cause to have allergies generates allergic reaction, cause sneezing, runny nose, drop tears, nose surprise is itched, serious person and also
Tracheitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary heart disease (multiple in summer and autumn) etc. can be induced.The particulate matter diameter for being able to enter respiratory tract is usual
Less than 7.0 μm, wherein 3.3 μm~7.0 μm of particulate matter can be deposited in tracheae up and down.Particulate matter less than 3.3 μm is easy to wear
Overdraw broncho-alveolar.More seriously, particulate matter of the partial size between 0.65 μm~1.1 μm may pass through blood by alveolar
The circulatory system is moved to other organs of body, theoretically will cause more serious health threat.Actively the particulate matter of sucking is inhaled
Attached heavy metal and noxious material can also be dissolved in blood, and then cause greatly to injure to human health.Particulate matter not only has
There are respiratory tract, angiocarpy and Toxicity in blood system, while also there is reproductive system toxicity, can make fetus that intrauterine growth occur slow
Slow, under-weight risk increase etc..
The particle concentrations such as optical particle counter are mainly used before relative to the research method for actively sucking exposed amount
Test equipment tests human body respiratory region particle concentration.Particulate matter with the concentration characterization human body respiration sucking of instrument test is dense
Degree.Other than the particulate matter exposed amount of active sucking, there is also passive Deposited particulate matter exposed amounts.Passive settling particulate matter
Exposed amount mainly uses glass sampling sheet, PTFE sampling sheet etc. to test.Therefore, the human body measured using optical particle counter etc.
It actively sucks particulate matter exposed amount and is difficult the passive settling particulate matter exposed amount measured with glass sampling sheet, PTFE sampling sheet etc. and join
System gets up, and carries out further comparative analysis.
It is therefore desirable to a kind of new method for carrying out the test of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration using PTFE film, so as to
The influence of exposure on human health is actively sucked in further investigation particulate matter, and is preferably compared with passive sedimentation exposure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test side
Method solves the problems, such as that human body particulate matter active soakage research method precision is not high in the prior art.
Technical solution of the present invention is summarized as follows:
A kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method, the method are by actively sucking particle concentration sampling
Method, actively sucks particle concentration scaling method, fluorescent grain object trace labelling method, and particulate matter image sampling sample is automatic
The systematic analytic method of method of counting composition.
The particle concentration method of sampling realizes that active sampling system is mainly by variable flow by active sampling system
Sampler, flow control valve, sampling pump, timer and power supply composition are measured, Flux Valve Control sampling flow is constant, sampling pump
By power supply power supply, the sampling time is controlled by timer.
The changeable flow sampler includes upper and lower two parts, and centre is fixed with PTFE sampling film；Upper and lower two parts are used
Screw is fixed, and the upper cover of sampler includes screw hole, cutting pallet and tongue, and the lower cover of sampler includes screw hole and groove,
PTFE sampling film is placed between tongue and groove, passes sequentially through upper cover screw hole using screw and lower cover screw hole fixes.
The changeable flow sampler is stainless steel, iron or PVC material.
It is opposite when the particulate matter settling amount scaling method can be analyzed with quantitative analysis this method for different situations
Error condition.
The fluorescent grain object trace labelling method is realized by fluorescent grain object and high-resolution fluorescence microscope；Benefit
Human body package particulate matter is simulated with special fluorescent grain object, after being captured by the particulate matter settling amount method of sampling, in height
Fluorescence is issued under resolution ratio fluorescence microscope specific wavelength laser irradiation, and then shoots height using the CCD camera of fluorescence microscope
Resolution ratio particle photo.
The particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting method is programmed using MATLAB software, and programming count is glimmering
Light microscope CCD camera shooting particle sampling sample image, specific method the following steps are included:
(1) gray scale pictures that CCD camera is shot are changed into pure black and white binary image by threshold transition method；Particulate matter is
The point of white, the place of particulate matter is not ater background；
(2) in the range of gray scale is 0-255, setting threshold value is 5, that is, thinks that place of the gray value greater than 5 is particulate matter；
(3) region being connected in bianry image is found out, the quantity for counting connected region is particulate matter quantity, so that it may
To under different situations, the passive exposure of human body different location.
Error between the automatic counting method and true value is within 5%.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) it is integrated with the test of particulate matter active the inhaled concentration method of sampling, scaling method, test method and statistical method
Method can accurately test human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration.
(2) the human body particulate matter that is established as of this method actively sucks exposed analysis and comparison offer with passive sedimentation exposure
It may.It has very important significance for the research of particulate matter health threat.
(3) actively sucking the particle concentration method of sampling can change flow, and respiratory capacity is not in the case of simulating different motion
Meanwhile actively sucking particulate matter exposure.
(4) particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting method can quickly and accurately calculate particulate matter on sampling apparatus
Number.Statistical time is reduced within 10% manually counted, and the error with true value is within 5%.
(5) foundation of this method is so that human body actively sucks particulate matter exposed amount and actively sucks pair of particulate matter exposed amount
Than being possibly realized.Exploitation for novel human-body exposure model provides data and method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is changeable flow sampler structure schematic diagram；Figure 1A -1 changeable flow sampler superstructure schematic diagram；Figure
1A-2 is Figure 1A -1 side view；Figure 1B -1 changeable flow sampler lower cover structure schematic diagram；Figure 1B -2 is Figure 1B -1 side view；
Fig. 2 is active sampling system figure；
Fig. 3 is each section method logic relation picture of the present invention and flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the PTFE sampling film method of sampling and APS aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer test result correlation calibration figure.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention actively sucks particulate matter using specific fluorescent grain object characterization.It can be changed first using as shown in Figure 1
Traffic sampling device is sampled.The sampler can use stainless steel, iron, and the materials such as PVC are made.Figure 1A and lower Figure 1B is respectively to adopt
Two parts of sample device, the fixed PTFE sampling film in centre.Upper and lower two parts are screwed.Figure 1A is the upper of the sampler
Lid is mainly made of screw hole a1, cutting pallet a2 and tongue a3.Figure 1B is the lower cover of the sampler, mainly by screw hole b1
It is formed with groove b2.PTFE sampling film is placed between tongue a3 and groove b2, passes sequentially through upper cover screw hole a1 using screw
It is fixed with lower cover screw hole b1.The sampler is connected according to active sampling system as shown in Figure 2, is sampled.The master
Dynamic sampling system is mainly made of sampler, flow control valve, sampling pump, timer and power supply.Flux Valve Control sampling
Flow is constant.Sampling pump is controlled the sampling time by power supply power supply, by timer.Then, as shown in figure 3, using fluorescence microscope
Obtain particulate matter image sample on high-resolution sample.Then, it is united using particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting method
Count the particulate count on sample.To obtain the passive exposure concentrations of particulate matter.Using particulate matter settling amount scaling method to difference
Relative error when situation analysis carries out test analysis.Fig. 4 is shown the particulate count measured using this method and uses APS
The comparison for the particulate count that aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer measures.
It is further detailed by taking certain dummy passively exposure experiment as an example.Indoor accelerated test ring is exposed in order to study
The passive exposed amount of human body in border is carried out using method described in the invention.Fluorescence is uniformly discharged to indoor using powder producer
Grain.It is added in BGI Collison generator after taking 1ml fluorescent particles stoste to dilute.According to calculating, every milliliter of fluorescent particles original
Liquid contains fluorescent grain 8.7 × 107It is a, it is assumed that be uniformly distributed on ground level in cabin, every photo can be seen under fluorescence microscope
To average 27 fluorescent grains.Substantially it can satisfy requirement.Agitation fan is opened, starts to send out dirt, hair dirt about needs 1h.In warm body
Dummy, which places respiratory region, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2 actively exposes sampler.It is sampled with the speed of 1L/min using sampling pump.
Fluorescent grain can be deposited on the PTFE film among sampling head completely after oversampler entrance.It is removed after sampling 2h
PTFE film.Carry out the fluorescence microscopy of next step.This experiment uses Nikon 80i fluorescence microscope.Fluorescence is aobvious
The principle of micro mirror is: not having laser excitation when using common microscope, fluorescent particles will not shine.Under simple microscope
Easily they can not be separated with common granular zone.The meeting under the feux rouges excitation of specific wavelength of red fluorescence particle
It shines, this specific fluorescent grain object can be captured and be taken pictures using CCD camera.Other fluorescent grain objects will not then be sent out
Light.Under the light excitation of another specific wavelength, another fluorescent grain object, such as green fluorescence particulate matter can just shine
And it is captured.It can be obtained by particulate matter image sample on high-resolution sample in this way.Above the photo of one sampling sheet
Particulate count can reach thousands of in many cases.Such huge data volume can not method manually directly count.This is just
It needs by particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting method.Researcher using MATLAB software (MathWorks Inc.,
Natick, MA, USA) develop the automatic program for calculating particulate count on photo.The gray scale that CCD camera is shot first
Photo is changed into pure black and white binary image by threshold transition method.Particulate matter is the point of white, and the place of particulate matter is not pure
Black background.In the range of gray scale is 0-255, setting threshold value is 5, that is, thinks that place of the gray value greater than 5 is particulate matter.It looks for
The region being connected in bianry image out, the quantity for counting connected region is particulate matter quantity.It can be obtained by different feelings in this way
Under condition, human body respiration area active exposure.
Illustrative description has been done to the present invention above, it should explanation, the case where not departing from core of the invention
Under, any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent replacement of creative work equal
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method, which is characterized in that the method is by actively sucking particle
Object concentration sample method, actively sucks particle concentration scaling method, fluorescent grain object trace labelling method, and particle object image is adopted
The systematic analytic method of all automatic counting method composition.
2. human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the particulate matter
Concentration sample method realized by active sampling system, active sampling system mainly by changeable flow sampler, flow control valve,
Sampling pump, timer and power supply composition, Flux Valve Control sampling flow is constant, and sampling pump is by power supply power supply, by timer
Control the sampling time.
3. human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the changeable flow
Sampler includes upper and lower two parts, and centre is fixed with PTFE sampling film；Upper and lower two parts are screwed, the upper cover of sampler
Including screw hole, cutting pallet and tongue, the lower cover of sampler includes screw hole and groove, PTFE sampling film be placed on tongue and
Between groove, upper cover screw hole is passed sequentially through using screw and lower cover screw hole fixes.
4. human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the changeable flow
Sampler is stainless steel, iron or PVC material.
5. human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fluorescence
Grain object trace labelling method is realized by fluorescent grain object and high-resolution fluorescence microscope；Utilize special fluorescent grain object mould
Anthropomorphic body exposed grains object, it is specific in high-resolution fluorescence microscope after being captured by the particulate matter settling amount method of sampling
Wavelength laser irradiation is lower to issue fluorescence, and then shoots high-resolution particle photo using the CCD camera of fluorescence microscope.
6. human body particulate matter active inhaled concentration test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the particulate matter
Image sampling sample automatic counting method is programmed using MATLAB software, the shooting of programming count fluorescence microscope CCD camera
Particle sampling sample image, specific method the following steps are included:
(1) gray scale pictures that CCD camera is shot are changed into pure black and white binary image by threshold transition method；Particulate matter is white
Point, not the place of particulate matter be ater background；
(2) in the range of gray scale is 0-255, setting threshold value is 5, that is, thinks that place of the gray value greater than 5 is particulate matter；
(3) region being connected in bianry image is found out, the quantity for counting connected region is particulate matter quantity, so that it may be obtained not
With in situation, the passive exposure of human body different location.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114486836A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-13 | 清华大学 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating exposure risk of spray/aerosol |
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