CN110039178B

CN110039178B - Laser welding head

Info

Publication number: CN110039178B
Application number: CN201910278604.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘润军; 汤壹伍
Original assignee: Shenzhen Huizhiguang Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Huizhiguang Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-09
Filing date: 2019-04-09
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-09
Also published as: CN110039178A

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser welding head, which comprises a welding head main body, a collimating mirror adjusting mechanism and a blowing device. The optical fiber interface, the collimating mirror, the focusing mirror, the protecting mirror and the nozzle for laser to exit are arranged in the welding head main body from top to bottom. The shielding gas can be sprayed out from the gas channel positioned at the outer side of the laser channel, and can be accurately aligned with the welding spot after being sprayed out, so that the shielding gas can rapidly cover the welding spot, and the oxidation of a molten pool is effectively prevented. The collimating mirror adjusting mechanism can change the welding position of laser, can slightly adjust the focus upwards or downwards in real time according to the condition of a workpiece, is convenient and quick in the adjusting process, and does not need to adjust the whole laser device or the workpiece bearing table with larger volume and weight. The horizontal air outlet of the air blowing device can spray horizontal air flow, so that the effect of horizontal cutting-off of smoke can be generated, and the vertical air outlet can spray air flow right against the center position of the smoke, so that the center of the smoke is offset, the smoke is prevented from rising linearly, and the upper protective mirror is effectively protected.

Description

Laser welding head

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of laser welding equipment, and particularly relates to a laser welding head.

Background

The laser welding equipment utilizes high-energy laser pulse to locally heat the material in a micro area, and the energy of laser radiation is guided to the internal diffusion of the material through heat transfer to melt the material to form a specific molten pool so as to achieve the purpose of welding.

The laser beam is easily focused, aligned and guided by the optical instrument, can be placed at a proper distance from the workpiece, and can be redirected between tools or obstacles around the workpiece, and other welding rules cannot be developed due to the above-mentioned spatial limitations. Second, the workpiece may be placed in an enclosed space. The laser beam can be focused in a small area, small and closely spaced components can be welded, the range of the types of the weldable materials is large, and various heterogeneous materials can be mutually jointed. In addition, the high-speed welding is easy to be performed automatically, and the welding can be controlled by a digital or computer. When welding thin or small diameter wires, the welding method is not easy to have the trouble of reflow like arc welding.

When welding workpieces, the laser welding device needs to cover the molten pool by protective gas so as to prevent the molten pool from being oxidized. At present, the supply pipeline of the shielding gas is separated from the welding head, namely, the supply pipeline of the shielding gas is positioned outside the welding head, but the size of the whole welding equipment is increased, moreover, the supply of the shielding gas cannot accurately align with the welding spot, particularly when the welding head needs to be moved, the position of the welding spot also changes, and the outlet of the shielding gas also needs to move correspondingly at any time.

On the other hand, the up-down position of the welding of the conventional laser welding head cannot be adjusted, and if the surface of the workpiece is irregular and has a rugged shape, the welding head of the laser welding device easily touches the workpiece, thereby affecting the welding. On the other hand, the heights of the workpieces in different batches are different, and the upper and lower positions of the whole laser welding head or the upper and lower positions of the workpieces need to be readjusted according to the heights of the workpieces during welding; however, the laser welding head or the carrying table of the workpiece is large in size and weight, and is inconvenient to adjust.

Furthermore, the laser welding head can produce a large amount of high temperature's cigarette in the welding process, and the cigarette can rise fast, and in partial cigarette can get into the laser welding head for focusing mirror, the collimating mirror in the laser welding head damage, for this, be provided with the protection lens in the current welding head, can block in the cigarette gets into the laser welding head through the protection lens, nevertheless after a period of time, can pile up the smog layer of a heap black on the protection lens, this can not only influence the light transmissivity of protection lens, and protection lens fragile needs frequent and timely change moreover.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that an independent protective gas supply pipeline is required to be arranged for the laser welding head in the prior art, so that the equipment volume is increased; the welding spot position can not be adjusted up and down, and the protection mirror is easy to damage.

The invention is realized in such a way that the laser welding head comprises a welding head main body, wherein an optical fiber interface, a collimating mirror, a focusing mirror, a protecting mirror and a nozzle for laser emission are arranged in the welding head main body from top to bottom; the welding head comprises a welding head main body, a laser channel for passing laser and a vent hole for introducing protective gas, wherein the vent hole is communicated with the outside of the welding head main body; the welding head comprises a welding head body, and is characterized in that a gas channel is arranged in the welding head body, the vent hole comprises a first vent hole, the gas channel is communicated with the first vent hole, an isolation structure is arranged between the gas channel and the laser channel, the gas outlet end of the gas channel faces the nozzle, and the gas channel is positioned at the outer side edge of the laser channel;

the laser welding head also comprises a collimating lens adjusting mechanism and a blowing device; the collimating lens adjusting mechanism comprises a rotating sleeve and a transmission part, wherein the rotating sleeve is rotatably arranged on the welding head main body, the rotating sleeve is in transmission connection with the transmission part, the transmission part is fixedly connected with the collimating lens, and when the rotating sleeve rotates, the transmission part and the collimating lens are driven to do linear motion along the axial direction of the collimating lens;

an air outlet block in the air blowing device is arranged in the welding head main body or at the side edge of the welding head main body, the air outlet block is positioned below the protective mirror, a transverse air outlet of the air outlet block is aligned with the position right below the protective mirror, and a vertical air outlet is aligned with the central position right below the protective mirror; the air blowing device comprises an air flow generator for generating high-pressure and high-speed air flow and an air outlet block for spraying the high-speed air flow, the air outlet block is arranged in the laser welding head or on the side edge of the laser welding head, the air outlet block is provided with a transverse air outlet and a vertical air outlet, and the vertical air outlet is positioned in the middle of the transverse air outlet.

Further, the welding head main body comprises a hollow outer sleeve and a hollow inner sleeve, the inner space of the inner sleeve forms the laser channel, the outer sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, and a gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve forms the gas channel.

Further, a first annular air passage is further arranged in the welding head main body, surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, and is communicated with the air inlet end of the air passage.

Further, a perforation is arranged on the wall body of the inner sleeve, a second annular air passage is further arranged in the welding head main body, the second annular air passage surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, the vent hole further comprises a second vent hole, the second vent hole is communicated with the second annular air passage, and the second annular air passage is communicated with the perforation.

Further, the gas channel is inclined to the laser channel.

Further, the collimating lens adjusting mechanism further comprises an inner sleeve, a vertical hole is formed in the wall of the inner sleeve, the rotating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, a spiral through hole is formed in the wall of the rotating sleeve, the transmission part is a screw, the collimating lens is arranged in a fixed cylinder, and the fixed cylinder is embedded in the inner sleeve; the transmission piece is arranged on the vertical hole in a penetrating mode, one end of the transmission piece is in threaded connection with the fixed cylinder, and the other end of the transmission piece is movably embedded in the spiral through hole.

Further, the collimating lens adjusting mechanism further comprises an outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is rotatably mounted on the welding head main body, the outer sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating sleeve, and the outer sleeve is connected with the rotating sleeve through a screw.

Further, the air outlet block is provided with three vertical air outlets and three horizontal air outlets which are arranged at intervals up and down.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the laser welding head integrates the channel for laser emission and the gas channel for shielding gas circulation and emission, and has small overall occupied space. And the laser and the shielding gas have an isolation structure, the laser can be emitted from the laser channel, and the shielding gas can be emitted from the gas channel positioned on the outer side of the laser channel. During welding, the welding spot is positioned below the outlet of the laser channel, and the protective gas can be accurately aligned with the welding spot after being sprayed out, so that the protective gas can rapidly cover the welding spot, thereby effectively preventing the molten pool from being oxidized and ensuring the welding quality. Meanwhile, because the gas channel and the laser channel move simultaneously, the jet of the shielding gas and the welding operation can be matched at any time in the moving welding process of the welding head.

Meanwhile, the laser welding head is provided with the collimating mirror adjusting mechanism, and the collimating mirror can be linearly moved along the axial direction of the laser welding head by screwing the mechanism, so that the focusing position (namely the welding position) of laser can be changed.

The air flow generator of the air blowing device can generate high-pressure and high-speed air flow, the air outlet block is aligned with the position right below the protective lens, the transverse air outlet can spray transverse air flow, which is equivalent to an air knife, and can generate a transverse cutting effect on smoke, thereby playing a role of blocking the smoke from continuously rising, the vertical air outlet can spray air flow right against the central position of the smoke, so that the center of the smoke is offset, and after the center of the smoke is offset, the whole smoke group is driven to offset, thereby preventing the smoke from rising linearly and effectively protecting the protective lens above.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser welding head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a laser welding head welding body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the laser welding head portion structure shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention after assembly of a rotating sleeve with an inner sleeve;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an assembled stationary barrel and collimator lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an air outlet block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a laser welding head according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, which includes a welding head body 10, a collimator lens adjusting mechanism, and a blower.

The optical fiber interface 1, the collimating mirror 2, the focusing mirror 3, the protecting mirror 4 and the nozzle 5 for emitting laser light are arranged in the welding head main body 10 from top to bottom.

Specifically, referring to fig. 3, a laser channel 6 through which the laser 20 passes, a vent hole 7 for introducing a shielding gas, a gas channel 8 through which the shielding gas flows, a first annular air passage 91, and a second annular air passage 92 are provided in the welding head body.

The vent 7 communicates with the exterior 10 of the weld head body, the vent 7 including a first vent and a second vent. The gas channel 8 is communicated with the first vent hole, an isolation structure is arranged between the gas channel 8 and the laser channel 6, the gas outlet end of the gas channel 8 faces the nozzle 5, and the gas channel 8 is positioned on the outer side edge of the laser channel 6.

Specifically, the welding head body 10 includes a hollow outer sleeve 11 and a hollow inner sleeve 12. The inner space of the inner sleeve 12 forms the laser passage 6, the outer sleeve 11 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve 12, and the gap between the outer sleeve 11 and the inner sleeve 12 forms the gas passage 8.

The first annular airway 91 surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve 12, the first annular airway 91 communicating with the inlet end of the gas passage 8. The wall body of the inner sleeve 12 is provided with a perforation 121, the second annular air passage 92 surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve 12, the second air vent hole is communicated with the second annular air passage 92, and the second annular air passage 92 is communicated with the perforation 121.

In this embodiment, a plurality of through holes 121 are formed in the top end of the inner sleeve 12 along the circumferential direction, part of the shielding gas can enter the inner sleeve 12 from the through holes 121, when the shielding gas in the gas channel 8 is sprayed downward, a low pressure is formed below, and the shielding gas in the inner sleeve 12 is sprayed downward. If no part of the shielding gas is provided in the inner sleeve 12, air may be present in the inner sleeve 12, and if the air is sprayed downwards, the purity of the shielding gas covering the molten pool 30 is affected, while the embodiment can ensure that all other gases covering the molten pool 30 are shielding gas, no air and the like by introducing part of the shielding gas into the inner sleeve 12, and further protect the molten pool.

In order to bring the shielding gas closer to the spot of the weld and at the same time avoid that the rising smoke directly impinges on the shielding gas, the gas channel 8 is inclined to the laser channel 6.

The shielding gas enters the first annular air passage 91 from the first vent hole, then enters the gas passage 8 from the first annular air passage 91, and finally is ejected along the inner wall surface of the nozzle 5, while the shielding gas enters the second annular air passage 92 from the second vent hole, then enters the perforations 121 of the inner sleeve 12 from the second annular air passage 92, and finally is ejected from the nozzle 5. Since the protective gas is sprayed out from each position of the port of the nozzle 5, even if the protective gas at part of the positions is affected by the impact of smoke, the embodiment can ensure that the protective gas can fully cover the molten pool 30, and effectively avoid the oxidation of the molten pool 30.

The laser welding head integrates a laser channel 6 for laser emission and a gas channel 8 for shielding gas circulation and emission, and the whole occupied space is small. The laser 20 and the shielding gas have a separate structure, and the laser 20 may be emitted from the laser path 6, and the shielding gas may be emitted from the gas path 8 located at the outer side of the laser path 6. During welding, the welding spot is positioned below the outlet of the laser channel 6, and the shielding gas can be accurately aligned with the welding spot after being sprayed out, so that the shielding gas can rapidly cover the welding spot, the oxidation of the molten pool 30 is effectively prevented, and the welding quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the gas channel 8 and the laser channel 6 move simultaneously, so that the spraying of the shielding gas and the welding operation can be matched at any time in the moving welding process of the welding head.

The collimator lens adjusting mechanism includes an outer sleeve 11, a rotary sleeve 22, an inner sleeve 12, a transmission 24, and a fixed cylinder 25, which are disposed from the outside to the inside.

The rotary sleeve 22 is rotatably mounted on the welding head main body 10, the rotary sleeve 22 is in transmission connection with the transmission member 24, the transmission member 24 is fixedly connected with the collimating lens 2, and when the rotary sleeve 22 rotates, the transmission member 24 and the collimating lens 2 are driven to do linear motion along the axial direction of the collimating lens 2.

Specifically, the outer sleeve 21 is rotatably mounted on the welding head body 10, and the outer sleeve 21 is fitted over the outer periphery of the rotating sleeve 22, the outer sleeve 21 being connected to the rotating sleeve 22 by screws. Thus, when the outer sleeve 21 is screwed, the rotating sleeve 22 also follows the rotation.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a vertical hole 231 is formed in a wall of the inner sleeve 23, the rotating sleeve 22 is sleeved on an outer periphery of the inner sleeve 23, a spiral through hole 221 is formed in a wall of the rotating sleeve 22, the driving member 24 is a screw, the collimator lens 2 is mounted in a fixed cylinder 25, and the fixed cylinder 25 is embedded in the inner sleeve 23; the driving member 24 is disposed through the vertical hole 231, one end of the driving member is screwed with the fixing cylinder 25, and the other end of the driving member is movably embedded in the spiral through hole 221. During rotation of the rotary sleeve 22, the wall of the helical through hole 221 of the rotary sleeve applies thrust to the transmission member 24, so that the transmission member 24 moves upward or downward. The vertical hole 231 guides the driving piece 24 so that the driving piece 24 can only move up and down in the vertical hole 231. Since the transmission member 24 is connected with the fixed cylinder 25, the fixed cylinder 25 and the collimator lens 2 therein can move up and down in the axial direction under the drive of the transmission member 24.

The laser welding head of the present embodiment is provided with a collimator lens adjusting mechanism that converts the rotational movement of the outer sleeve 21 into the axial up-and-down movement of the collimator lens 2. The mechanism is screwed to make the collimating mirror 2 move linearly along the axial direction, so that the focusing position (namely the position of the molten pool 30) of the laser 20 can be changed, and when the welding head is used for welding irregular workpieces or workpieces with larger height differences among batches, the focal point can be adjusted slightly upwards or downwards in real time according to the conditions of the workpieces, the adjusting process is convenient and quick, and the whole laser device or workpiece bearing table with larger volume and weight is not required to be adjusted.

The blowing device comprises an airflow generator 31 for generating high-pressure and high-speed airflows and an air outlet block 32 for jetting out the high-speed airflows, wherein the air outlet block 32 is communicated with the airflow generator 31 through a pipeline. The air outlet block 32 is mounted inside the laser welding head. In practical applications, the air-out block 32 may be mounted on the side of the welding head body 10 by adding a bracket.

Referring to fig. 6, the air-out block 32 is located below the protection mirror 4, and the air-out block 32 has a horizontal air outlet 321 and a vertical air outlet 322. The vertical air outlet 322 is located at a middle position of the horizontal air outlet 321. Specifically, the air outlet block 32 has three vertical air outlets 321 and one vertical air outlet 322 that are disposed at intervals. The transverse air outlet 321 and the vertical air outlet 322 of the air outlet block 32 form a Chinese character 'wang' shape. The transverse air outlet 321 of the air outlet block 32 is aligned with the position right below the protective mirror 4, and the vertical air outlet 322 is aligned with the central position right below the protective mirror 4.

The air flow generator 31 of the air blowing device of the embodiment can generate high-pressure and high-speed air flow, the air outlet block 32 is aligned with the position right below the protective glass 4, the transverse air outlet 321 can spray transverse air flow, which is equivalent to an air knife, and can generate a transverse cutting effect on smoke, thereby playing a role of blocking the smoke from continuously rising, the vertical air outlet 322 can spray air flow right against the central position of the smoke, so that the center of the smoke is offset, and after the center of the smoke is offset, the whole smoke group is driven to offset, thereby preventing the smoke from rising linearly and effectively protecting the protective glass 4 above.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding head comprises a welding head main body, wherein an optical fiber interface, a collimating mirror, a focusing mirror, a protecting mirror and a nozzle for laser emission are arranged in the welding head main body from top to bottom; the welding head comprises a welding head main body, a laser channel for passing laser and a vent hole for introducing protective gas, wherein the vent hole is communicated with the outside of the welding head main body; the welding head is characterized in that a gas channel is arranged in the welding head main body, the vent hole comprises a first vent hole, the gas channel is communicated with the first vent hole, an isolation structure is arranged between the gas channel and the laser channel, the gas outlet end of the gas channel faces the nozzle, and the gas channel is positioned at the outer side edge of the laser channel;

the air blowing device comprises an air flow generator for generating high-pressure and high-speed air flow and an air outlet block sprayed out by the high-speed air flow, the air outlet block is arranged in or on the side edge of the laser welding head and is provided with a transverse air outlet and a vertical air outlet, and the vertical air outlet is positioned in the middle of the transverse air outlet; the air outlet block is arranged in the welding head main body or at the side edge of the welding head main body, the air outlet block is positioned below the protective mirror, the transverse air outlet is aligned with the position right below the protective mirror, and the vertical air outlet is aligned with the central position right below the protective mirror;

the welding head main body comprises a hollow outer sleeve and a hollow inner sleeve, the inner space of the inner sleeve forms the laser channel, the outer sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, and a gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve forms the gas channel;

a first annular air passage is further arranged in the welding head main body, surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve and is communicated with the air inlet end of the air passage;

the wall body of the inner sleeve is provided with a perforation, the welding head main body is internally provided with a second annular air passage, the second annular air passage surrounds the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, the vent hole further comprises a second vent hole, the second vent hole is communicated with the second annular air passage, and the second annular air passage is communicated with the perforation.

2. The laser welding head of claim 1 wherein the gas channel is oblique to the laser channel.

3. The laser welding head of claim 1, wherein the collimating lens adjusting mechanism further comprises an inner sleeve, a vertical hole is formed in the wall of the inner sleeve, the rotating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve, a spiral through hole is formed in the wall of the rotating sleeve, the transmission piece is a screw, the collimating lens is installed in a fixed cylinder, and the fixed cylinder is embedded in the inner sleeve; the transmission piece is arranged on the vertical hole in a penetrating mode, one end of the transmission piece is in threaded connection with the fixed cylinder, and the other end of the transmission piece is movably embedded in the spiral through hole.

4. The laser welding head of claim 3 wherein the collimator adjustment mechanism further comprises an outer sleeve rotatably mounted to the weld head body and disposed about an outer periphery of the rotating sleeve, the outer sleeve being connected to the rotating sleeve by a screw.

5. The laser welding head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air outlet block has three lateral air outlets and one vertical air outlet arranged at a top-bottom interval.