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CN110034330B - A kind of preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for lithium/sodium battery - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for lithium/sodium battery Download PDF

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CN110034330B
CN110034330B CN201910284401.7A CN201910284401A CN110034330B CN 110034330 B CN110034330 B CN 110034330B CN 201910284401 A CN201910284401 A CN 201910284401A CN 110034330 B CN110034330 B CN 110034330B
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lithium
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solid electrolyte
sodium
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CN110034330A (en
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刘乐浩
李美成
莫金珊
姜冰
褚立华
彭鹏
李静如
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North China Electric Power University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite solid electrolyte for a lithium/sodium ion battery. The preparation method comprises the steps of dispersing aramid fibers in an organic solvent to obtain a high-dispersity aramid nanofiber solution, adding lithium/sodium salt and a polymer matrix material, stirring and dispersing, and then obtaining the lithium/sodium ion composite polymer solid electrolyte film through casting or coating and drying processes. The method is simple to operate and low in cost, and the obtained electrolyte has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, good mechanical and thermal stability, inhibition of growth of metal dendrites and the like. The composite solid electrolyte has wide application prospect in lithium/sodium ion batteries.

Description

Preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for lithium/sodium battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid lithium/sodium batteries, and relates to a preparation method of a lithium/sodium ion composite solid electrolyte.
Background
The lithium/sodium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, no pollution and the like, is widely applied to the fields of portable electronic products, transportation, large-scale energy storage and the like, but the use of the liquid electrolyte easily causes safety problems of liquid leakage, gas expansion, combustion, explosion and the like.
The polymer solid electrolyte which has the characteristics of simple preparation, low price, good film forming property and flexibility, low interface impedance between the polymer solid electrolyte and an electrode is adopted as the electrolyte and the diaphragm of the lithium/sodium ion battery, so that the safety problem caused by the liquid electrolyte is expected to be fundamentally solved, the application possibility of lithium/sodium metal negative electrodes, high-voltage positive electrodes and convertible positive electrode materials such as oxygen, sulfur and the like can be provided, the energy density of the battery is obviously improved, and the polymer solid electrolyte has a great development space in the aspects of widening the working temperature range of the battery, prolonging the service life of the battery, simplifying the manufacturing process of the battery and the like. However, the polymer matrix in the polymer electrolyte has higher crystallinity and lower dissociation degree of lithium/sodium salt, so that the room temperature conductivity of the electrolyte is lower. In addition, the polymer electrolyte has the defects of narrow electrochemical window, low mechanical strength, easy penetration of lithium/sodium metal dendrites into an electrolyte membrane and the like, and the application of the polymer electrolyte in a solid lithium/sodium battery is seriously hindered.
At present, inorganic nano particles are often used as filling materials to prepare composite polymer solid electrolytes of inorganic/organic hybrid systems, but the problems of nano particle agglomeration, high polymer matrix crystallinity and the like exist, the ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and other properties of the polymer electrolytes are improved slightly, and the application requirements of solid lithium/sodium ion batteries cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a composite polymer solid electrolyte, which can obviously improve the ionic conductivity, the mechanical strength and other properties of the polymer electrolyte and improve the properties of a solid lithium/sodium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts aramid fiber as a modified material to prepare the aramid fiber/polymer matrix/lithium (sodium) salt composite solid electrolyte, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) preparing a certain amount of aramid fiber and inorganic salt (such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide) in dimethyl sulfoxide, stirring for a period of time at a certain temperature to prepare an aramid nanofiber solution with good dispersibility, and then performing dialysis treatment to obtain an aramid nanofiber/dimethyl sulfoxide solution with high purity and good dispersibility; the aramid fiber is one or two of poly-p-phenylene terephthamide and poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide.
2) Adding a certain amount of the aramid nano-fiber solution into an organic solvent, continuously stirring for a period of time to completely disperse the solution, adding lithium/sodium salt and a polymer matrix material, and continuously stirring at a certain temperature to obtain an aramid nano-fiber/polymer matrix material/lithium (sodium) salt composite solution with good dispersibility; the polymer matrix material is one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, the lithium salt comprises one or more of lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide and lithium trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, the sodium salt comprises one or more of sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide and sodium trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, and the organic solvent is one or more of acetonitrile, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methylpyrrolidone.
3) Treating the composite solution by a slurry coating method or a solution casting method, and drying the obtained composite gel film to obtain an aramid nano-fiber/polymer matrix/lithium (sodium) salt composite solid electrolyte film with a certain thickness; the content of the aramid fiber in the composite solid electrolyte is 0.1-40.0 wt%, and the content of the lithium/sodium salt in the composite solid electrolyte is 5.0-50.0 wt%.
The invention provides a lithium/sodium ion composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof. The method has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost and the like, and the obtained solid electrolyte film has high ionic conductivity (more than or equal to 0.1mS/cm at room temperature), good mechanical and thermal stability (the mechanical tensile strength is more than or equal to 2.5MPa), and can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium/sodium metal dendrites. The composite solid electrolyte film prepared by the invention can meet the use requirements of lithium/sodium ion batteries, and the cycle performance and safety of the batteries are obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical photograph of a composite polymer solid electrolyte film.
Fig. 2 is an SEM photograph of a composite polymer solid electrolyte thin film.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the change of ion conductivity with temperature of a composite polymer solid electrolyte film.
Fig. 4 is a mechanical tensile stress-strain curve of a composite polymer solid electrolyte membrane.
Fig. 5 is a thermogravimetric plot of a composite polymer solid electrolyte membrane.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by using specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The first embodiment is as follows:
step 1: weighing 2.0g of aramid fiber and 1.0g of potassium hydroxide, putting the aramid fiber and the potassium hydroxide into a certain amount of dimethyl sulfoxide, stirring for 7 days at normal temperature (or stirring for 3 days at 60 ℃) to completely dissolve the aramid fiber, putting the aramid fiber solution into a dialysis bag, and stirring for 2 hours in the dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain an aramid nanofiber solution with high purity and good dispersibility, wherein the concentration of the aramid nanofiber is about 12.5 mg/mL;
step 2: taking 10mL of the aramid nano-fiber solution, adding 36mL of dimethylformamide, continuously stirring for 1h, then respectively adding 1.835g of polyethylene oxide and 0.665g of lithium perchlorate, and continuously stirring for 12h at 40 ℃ to obtain a composite solution with good dispersibility;
and step 3: and pouring the composite solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene culture dish, drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours until the solvent is completely evaporated, and continuously drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours in vacuum to obtain the composite solid electrolyte film with the aramid nanofiber content of about 5 wt%.

Claims (7)

1.一种锂/钠离子复合聚合物固态电解质,其特征在于:该电解质由芳纶纳米纤维、聚合物基体材料、锂/钠盐组成;1. a lithium/sodium ion composite polymer solid state electrolyte, is characterized in that: this electrolyte is made up of aramid nanofiber, polymer matrix material, lithium/sodium salt; 所述的复合聚合物固态电解质的制备方法由以下步骤组成:The preparation method of the composite polymer solid electrolyte consists of the following steps: 1)将一定量的芳纶纤维与氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠配制在二甲基亚砜中,在一定温度下搅拌一段时间,制备分散性良好的芳纶纳米纤维溶液,然后通过透析处理,获得纯度较高、分散性较好的芳纶纳米纤维/二甲基亚砜溶液;1) Prepare a certain amount of aramid fiber and potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, stir at a certain temperature for a period of time, prepare a well-dispersed aramid nanofiber solution, and then process it by dialysis, Obtain aramid nanofiber/dimethyl sulfoxide solution with higher purity and better dispersion; 2)将一定量的上述芳纶纳米纤维溶液加入有机溶剂中,并继续搅拌一段时间使其完全分散,再加入锂/钠盐和聚合物基体材料,在一定温度下继续搅拌,获得分散性良好的芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体材料/锂盐复合溶液,或芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体材料/钠盐复合溶液;2) Add a certain amount of the above-mentioned aramid nanofiber solution into the organic solvent, and continue to stir for a period of time to make it completely dispersed, then add lithium/sodium salt and polymer matrix material, and continue to stir at a certain temperature to obtain good dispersion. aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix material/lithium salt composite solution, or aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix material/sodium salt composite solution; 3)通过浆料涂覆法或溶液浇铸法处理上述复合溶液,并对所得的复合凝胶膜进行干燥,获得一定厚度的芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体/锂盐复合固态电解质薄膜,或芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体/钠盐复合固态电解质薄膜;3) The above composite solution is processed by slurry coating method or solution casting method, and the obtained composite gel film is dried to obtain a certain thickness of aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix/lithium salt composite solid electrolyte film, or aromatic Fiber nanofiber/polymer matrix/sodium salt composite solid electrolyte membrane; 所述的芳纶在复合固态电解质中的含量为0.1-40.0wt%;所述的芳纶纤维的平均直径为2.0-2000.0nm;所述的锂/钠盐在复合固态电解质中的含量为5.0-50.0wt%;所述的聚合物基体材料为聚环氧乙烷。The content of the aramid fiber in the composite solid electrolyte is 0.1-40.0 wt%; the average diameter of the aramid fiber is 2.0-2000.0 nm; the content of the lithium/sodium salt in the composite solid electrolyte is 5.0 -50.0wt%; the polymer matrix material is polyethylene oxide. 2.根据权利要求1所述的复合聚合物固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于由以下步骤组成:2. the preparation method of composite polymer solid state electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of the following steps: 1)将一定量的芳纶纤维与氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠配制在二甲基亚砜中,在一定温度下搅拌一段时间,制备分散性良好的芳纶纳米纤维溶液,然后通过透析处理,获得纯度较高、分散性较好的芳纶纳米纤维/二甲基亚砜溶液;1) Prepare a certain amount of aramid fiber and potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, stir at a certain temperature for a period of time, prepare a well-dispersed aramid nanofiber solution, and then process it by dialysis, Obtain aramid nanofiber/dimethyl sulfoxide solution with higher purity and better dispersion; 2)将一定量的上述芳纶纳米纤维溶液加入有机溶剂中,并继续搅拌一段时间使其完全分散,再加入锂/钠盐和聚合物基体材料,在一定温度下继续搅拌,获得分散性良好的芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体材料/锂盐复合溶液,或芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体材料/钠盐复合溶液;2) Add a certain amount of the above-mentioned aramid nanofiber solution into the organic solvent, and continue to stir for a period of time to make it completely dispersed, then add lithium/sodium salt and polymer matrix material, and continue to stir at a certain temperature to obtain good dispersion. aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix material/lithium salt composite solution, or aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix material/sodium salt composite solution; 3)通过浆料涂覆法或溶液浇铸法处理上述复合溶液,并对所得的复合凝胶膜进行干燥,获得一定厚度的芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体/锂盐复合固态电解质薄膜,或芳纶纳米纤维/聚合物基体/钠盐复合固态电解质薄膜。3) The above composite solution is processed by slurry coating method or solution casting method, and the obtained composite gel film is dried to obtain a certain thickness of aramid nanofiber/polymer matrix/lithium salt composite solid electrolyte film, or aromatic Fiber nanofiber/polymer matrix/sodium salt composite solid electrolyte membrane. 3.根据权利要求1所述的复合固态电解质,其特征在于:所述的芳纶为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺中的一种或两种。3. composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described aramid fiber is one or both in poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) and poly(metaphenylene isophthalamide) kind. 4.根据权利要求1所述的复合固态电解质,其特征在于:所述的锂盐包括氯化锂、高氯酸锂、六氟磷酸锂、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或几种。4 . The composite solid state electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, and trifluoromethanesulfonate. 5 . One or more of lithium imide. 5.根据权利要求1所述的复合固态电解质,其特征在于:所述的钠盐包括氯化钠、高氯酸钠、六氟磷酸钠、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺钠、三氟甲基磺酰亚胺钠中的一种或几种。5. The composite solid state electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the sodium salt comprises sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide, trifluoromethane One or more of sodium methylsulfonimide. 6.根据权利要求2中所述的复合固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中所述的透析处理主要针对于锂离子复合固态电解质的制备,透析时间≤72h;对于采用氢氧化钠处理过的芳纶纤维溶液来制备钠离子复合固态电解质,可不经过透析处理。6. The preparation method of composite solid electrolyte according to claim 2, characterized in that: the dialysis treatment described in step 1 is mainly aimed at the preparation of lithium ion composite solid electrolyte, and the dialysis time is less than or equal to 72h; The treated aramid fiber solution is used to prepare sodium ion composite solid electrolyte without dialysis treatment. 7.根据权利要求2中所述的复合固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。7. The preparation method of composite solid electrolyte according to claim 2, characterized in that: the organic solvent described in step 2 is acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide One or more of amide, dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methylpyrrolidone.
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