CN110025709B - Preparation method and application of exodonthus urinaria and rhizoma dioscoreae powder - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of exodonthus urinaria and rhizoma dioscoreae powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN110025709B CN110025709B CN201910349594.XA CN201910349594A CN110025709B CN 110025709 B CN110025709 B CN 110025709B CN 201910349594 A CN201910349594 A CN 201910349594A CN 110025709 B CN110025709 B CN 110025709B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine pharmacy, and relates to a preparation method and application of a powder containing poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae, wherein the powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of poria cocos, 1-20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-15 parts of Chinese yam. The powder containing the poria, the rhizoma atractylodis and the Chinese yam can effectively improve the growth of livestock and poultry and can also improve the immune response of the livestock and poultry to vaccines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese veterinary medicines, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of exodonthus far-infrared and rhizoma atractylodis-macrocephalae powder.
Background
At present, the immune diseases are common diseases and frequently encountered diseases of poultry and livestock, and when epidemic diseases are encountered, serious losses are caused to the breeding industry. Due to the influence of various factors in the nature and the feeding process, the vaccine immunity fails, the livestock and poultry have low immune function and more complex diseases, and the serious influence is caused on the healthy, rapid and stable development of the breeding industry in China. The existing medicines for treating immune diseases in China are mainly chemical medicines, and long-term use of the medicines has various defects, side effects of the medicines affect normal development of animals, and the medicine resistance causes poor curative effect of the medicines and causes the quality safety problem of meat products due to medicine residues. Along with the development of society, people pay more and more attention to food safety, and the comprehensive disablement of antibiotics is an inevitable trend. Therefore, it is imperative to develop products with good therapeutic effects and less side effects that have the function of improving immunity.
China has rich advantages of Chinese veterinary drug resources and a solid research foundation. In thousands of years of long rivers, the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine plays a vital role in preventing and treating diseases of livestock and poultry. The theory of Chinese veterinarian considers that the balance of yin and yang of the body can be maintained in a normal state, and if yin is exuberant and yang is deficient, or yang is exuberant and yin is deficient, the disease is serious; the balance of yin and yang is adjusted through the four flavors and five flavors of the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, and diseases are cured. In the modern breeding process, the improvement of the immunity of livestock and poultry by using the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine is more and more emphasized by farmers, and the popularization of the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine is more and more extensive. Therefore, the development of the traditional Chinese medicine product which can improve the immune response of livestock and poultry to the vaccine and promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry has important significance.
Poria is dry sclerotium of Wolf of Poria cocos (Schw.) of Polyporaceae. Sweet and bland in flavor and mild in nature. Enter heart, spleen and lung meridians. The functions are as follows: excreting dampness and promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen and regulating stomach, calming heart and tranquilizing mind. The main treatment is as follows: dysuria, edema, fullness and distention, cough with phlegm, nausea, emesis, diarrhea, spermatorrhea, stranguria with turbid urine, palpitation, and amnesia. The main components of the tuckahoe are pachyman and triterpene, and the modern pharmacological research shows that the tuckahoe has the biological activities of regulating the immunologic function, resisting tumor, resisting aging, resisting fatigue and the like and has obvious effect. The chemical components of pachyman account for 93% of dry sclerotium of Poria, and the immunopotentiation is achieved by cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In humoral immunity, pachyman can increase immunoglobulin IgG content; in cellular immunity, pachyman enhances phagocytic function of phagocytes, stimulates transformation of T cells, and induces production of cytokines such as interleukins (IL-l, IL-2) and the like, mainly by activating M phi.
The Atractylodis rhizoma is rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz of Compositae. Also named as Shu (Ben Jing), DONG Bai Zhu (De-preparing Ben Cao), and Yu Shu (compendium of materia Medica Shi Yi), etc. Bitter and sweet in taste and warm in nature. Enter spleen and stomach meridians. The functions are as follows: invigorating spleen, benefiting stomach, eliminating dampness, regulating stomach, arresting sweating, and preventing miscarriage. The main treatment is as follows: weakness of spleen and stomach, poor appetite, listlessness, qi deficiency, distention, diarrhea, phlegm retention, edema, jaundice, damp arthralgia, dysuresia, dizziness, spontaneous perspiration, and threatened abortion. The atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide (PAM) is an important active component for the atractylodes macrocephala to play an immune promoting role, the main components of the PAM are mannan and levan, the mannan and the levan account for about 70% of the total amount, and modern pharmacological research proves that the PAM has an obvious immune enhancing effect.
The rhizoma Dioscoreae is tuber of Dioscorea opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae. It is also named as signature book (Shanhai Jing), rhizoma Dioscoreae (Ben Jing), and rhizoma Dioscoreae (decoction piece New Ginseng). Sweet in flavor and neutral in nature. Enter lung, spleen and kidney meridians. The functions are as follows: invigorating spleen, tonifying lung, reinforcing kidney, and replenishing vital essence. The main treatment is as follows: diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, chronic dysentery, cough due to asthenia, diabetes, nocturnal emission, leukorrhagia, and frequent micturition. Modern pharmacological research proves that the yam polysaccharide has immunoregulation activity, can promote phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial system, enhance cytocidal power, activate phagocytic cells, induce expression of immune factors, and enhance functions of immune systems such as macrophage and lymphocyte.
At present, more traditional Chinese medicine products capable of improving the immunity of poultry impoundment exist, but most of the traditional Chinese medicine products are feed additives, so that the traditional Chinese medicine preparations capable of promoting growth and improving the immunity are fewer, the method is single, and the extraction efficiency is low. Patent CN106913743A discloses a veterinary traditional Chinese medicine for promoting animal growth, promoting digestion and invigorating spleen, which is composed of the following raw materials: radix Codonopsis, radix astragali, Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and brown sugar; the processing method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are respectively put into a pulverizer to be pulverized into powder, and the powder is uniformly mixed according to the formula amount. The disadvantages of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation are that the cost of the formula is high, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is directly crushed into powder, the effective absorption is not facilitated, and the waste of medicine materials is easily caused. Patent CN103404701A discloses a veterinary composition for improving the muscle taste of livestock and poultry, a preparation method and application thereof, the veterinary composition is prepared from astragalus, bighead atractylodes rhizome, Chinese yam, poria cocos, immature bitter orange, dried orange peel, fennel, folium artemisiae argyi, liquorice and lotus leaves, the growth can be promoted, the muscle quality can be improved, the water extraction method is adopted, the extraction of bioactive components is incomplete, the utilization rate of medicinal materials is low, and the waste of famous and precious medicinal materials is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine for promoting the growth of livestock and poultry and improving the immunity, the invention successfully develops the preparation method and the application of the powder of the Indian buead-atractylodes rhizome and the Chinese yam through deep and careful experiments, and the curative effect of the powder is proved by experiments. The powder consists of three medicines of tuckahoe, atractylodes and yam, wherein the tuckahoe is taken as a monarch drug in the formula to strengthen the spleen and strengthen the middle; the bighead atractylodes rhizome is a ministerial drug, and has the effects of tonifying spleen and qi and assisting a monarch drug, namely the poria cocos, in tonifying spleen and qi; the yam is an adjuvant drug, and has the effects of tonifying spleen and nourishing stomach, nourishing yin liquid and assisting the monarch drug tuckahoe to tonify spleen and nourish stomach. The powder of the invention has the functions of improving the immune response of livestock and poultry to vaccines and promoting the growth and development of the livestock and poultry.
The poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of poria cocos, 1-20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-15 parts of Chinese yam.
The poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-15 parts of poria cocos, 1-10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-8 parts of Chinese yam.
The poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-8 parts of poria cocos, 1-5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1-4 parts of Chinese yam.
The poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of poria cocos, 2 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1 part of Chinese yam.
The powder is prepared by weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, respectively crushing, sieving, and uniformly mixing to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine powder for animals.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking three medicines of poria cocos, bighead atractylodes rhizome and Chinese yam, placing the three medicines into an extraction tank, adding a certain amount of water, performing reflux extraction for 1-3 times, performing 1-3 hours each time, combining extracting solutions, performing reduced pressure concentration to obtain thick paste with the relative density of 1.21-1.25 and measured at 53-57 ℃, drying at 40-100 ℃, and crushing to obtain an aqueous extract;
(2) adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-7.5% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 3-12 hours at the temperature of 20-50 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 5-7 by using a 1-6 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding a certain amount of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying at the temperature of 40-100 ℃, and crushing to obtain an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and a proper amount of auxiliary materials to obtain the poria-bighead atractylodes rhizome-yam powder.
The ratio of the water consumption to the medicinal material amount in the step (1) is (v: m)6-12: 1.
The ratio of the amount of the sodium hydroxide solution to the amount of the medicinal materials in the step (2) is (v: m)10-40: 1.
The ratio of the ethanol amount to the supernatant in the step (2) is (v: v)0.5-2: 1.
And in the step (3), the auxiliary materials are one or more than two of starch, dextrin, lactose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The powder containing the poria, the rhizoma atractylodis and the Chinese yam is used for improving the immune response of livestock and poultry to vaccines.
The powder containing poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae is used for promoting the growth of livestock and poultry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the powder is prepared from natural Chinese herbal medicines, has simple medicinal formula and strong pertinence, and has the advantages of long lasting action time, no residue, small stimulation to animal organisms and the like.
2. The preparation process of the invention combines water extraction and alkali extraction, promotes effective release of bioactive components, improves the utilization rate of medicinal materials, greatly saves the medicinal materials and avoids waste.
3. The powder of the invention has obvious effect and mild effect, and can comprehensively improve the immune response of livestock and poultry to vaccines and promote the growth of the livestock and poultry.
4. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process, convenient to use, low in price and environment-friendly, and raw materials are easy to obtain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the antibody titer assay of examples 5, 8, 9.
Detailed Description
Example 1 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 100kg of poria cocos, 50kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 25kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: weighing the medicinal materials according to the prescription, respectively crushing, sieving by a 24-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing.
Example 2 preparation of powder of exopodium japonicum
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 5kg of poria cocos, 45kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 75kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into extraction tank, adding 750L water, reflux extracting for 2 times, each time for 2 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.21(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 40 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 24.4kg of water extract;
(2) adding 1875L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 6 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 5 by using 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 0.5 times (corresponding to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking precipitate, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain 39.2kg of alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 79.2kg of starch to obtain 142.8kg of rhizoma dioscoreae powder (each 1g of rhizoma dioscoreae powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 3 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 36kg of poria cocos, 80kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 4kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae into extraction tank, adding 960L water, reflux extracting for 3 times, each for 2.5 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.23(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 50 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 32.8kg of water extract;
(2) adding 2400L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 1.0% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 8 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 6 by using 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 1 time (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying at the temperature of 90 ℃, and crushing to obtain 47.4kg of an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 56.9kg of dextrin to obtain 137.1kg of poria cocos-rhizoma atractylodis-rhizoma dioscoreae powder (each 1g of poria cocos-rhizoma atractylodis-sinensis powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 4 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 90kg of poria cocos, 3kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 42kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae into extraction tank, extracting under reflux with 1350L water for 13 hr for 1 time, concentrating the extractive solution under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.25(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 60 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 17.6kg of water extract;
(2) adding 3375L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.0% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 10 hours at 40 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 7 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 1.5 times (corresponding to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking precipitate, drying at the temperature of 80 ℃, and crushing to obtain 63.3kg of an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 73.4kg of lactose to obtain 154.3kg of rhizoma dioscoreae powder (each 1g of rhizoma dioscoreae powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 5 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 60kg of poria cocos, 40kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 16kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae into extraction tank, adding 1392L water, reflux extracting for 2 times each for 1 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.24(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 23.3kg water extract;
(2) adding 3480L sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 4.0% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting at 45 ℃ for 12 hours, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 6.5 by using 3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 2 times (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying at 70 ℃, and crushing to obtain 48.9kg of an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 60.4kg of glucose to obtain 132.6kg of poria cocos-rhizoma atractylodis-rhizoma dioscoreae powder (each 1g of the powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 6 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 60kg of poria cocos, 25kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 40kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae into extraction tank, adding 1250L water, reflux extracting for 3 times, each time for 1.5 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.22(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 34.3kg of water extract;
(2) adding 4375L of 7.5 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 9 hours at 50 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 5.4 by using 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 1.5 times (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under stirring, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying to be complete at 60 ℃, and crushing to obtain 59.5kg of an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 49.1kg of microcrystalline cellulose to obtain 142.9kg of the powder of the Indian buead atractylodes rhizome and the Chinese yam (each 1g of the powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 7 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 48kg of poria cocos, 40kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 32kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae into extraction tank, adding 960L water, reflux extracting for 1 time, each time for 2 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.24(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 90 deg.C to complete, and pulverizing to obtain 15.4kg of water extract;
(2) adding 4800L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6.0% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 6 hours at 40 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 6.7 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 1 time (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain 73.4kg of an alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 48.4kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain 137.2kg of the powder of the Indian atractylodes rhizome and the Chinese yam (each 1g of the powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 8 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 64kg of poria cocos, 32kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 24kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into extraction tank, adding 720L water, reflux extracting for 2 times, each time for 2.5 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.21(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 100 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 28.1kg water extract;
(2) adding 3600L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3.0% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 3 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 5.9 by using 3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 0.5 times (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking precipitate, drying at the temperature of 40 ℃, and crushing to obtain 77.1kg of alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 31.8kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain the powder of the rhizoma dioscoreae of the poria cocos wolf, namely 137.0 g (each 1g is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 9 preparation of powder of exorcillinus and rhizoma Dioscoreae
The preparation formula comprises the following steps: 72kg of poria cocos, 36kg of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 18kg of Chinese yam.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Poria, Atractylodis rhizoma and rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into extraction tank, adding 1008L water, reflux extracting for 3 times, each for 3 hr, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract with relative density of 1.25(55 + -2 deg.C), drying at 70 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain 35.3kg of water extract;
(2) adding 3780L of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 1.5% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 8 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 7.0 by using 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding 1 time (equivalent to the volume of the supernatant) of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking precipitate, drying at the temperature of 70 ℃, and crushing to obtain 76.8kg of alkali extract;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and 31.9kg of sodium carboxymethyl starch to obtain 144.0kg of the powder of the Indian atractylodes rhizome and the Chinese yam (each 1g of the powder is equivalent to 0.875g of decoction pieces).
Example 10 immune function assay
120 Kunming mice, each half of male and female, have the body mass of 18-22 g, are randomly divided into 10 groups, and are continuously administered for 7 days by gastric gavage. The blank group and the model group were given physiological saline, and the other groups were given examples 2 to 9 (dose 300 mg/kg/d); meanwhile, except the blank group, cyclophosphamide (dose of 30 mg/kg/d) is injected into abdominal cavities of other groups. Recording the body weight of each group of mice 24h after the last administration, taking blood from eyeballs, separating serum, and determining interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) according to a kit instruction method; mice were sacrificed, spleens and thymus were harvested, weighed, and organ index calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mouse immunization test results
Note: denotes P <0.05 compared to blank group; denotes P <0.01 compared to blank group; # denotes P <0.05 compared to model group; # indicates P <0.01 compared to the model group.
The results show that: all indexes of the mice in the model group are lower than those in the blank group, and the significance is realized (P is less than 0.05 and P is less than 0.01), which indicates that the immune hypofunction model is successful; all indexes of mice in each group of the embodiment are higher than those of the model group, and the prescription composition is reasonable; and in each group of the examples, the three groups of examples 5, 8 and 9 have the best effect, and each index of the mouse has significant difference (P <0.05 and P <0.01) compared with that of the model group, and particularly, the group of the example 9 (the optimal proportion) is the best. The sample is suggested to improve the immune function of the mouse.
Example 11 growth development test
80 weaned piglets with similar delivery date are selected in the experiment and randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group has 20 piglets, namely a blank group and 3 experimental groups. Blank groups are fed normally, and test groups are fed on the basis of normal feeding, and the poria and rhizoma atractylodis powder of the invention in examples 5, 8 and 9 are fed freely and continuously for 30 days while the test groups are fed with mixed feed (the dosage is 200mg/kg feed). Weighing before the test is started and after the test is finished, and calculating daily average weight gain; the feed consumption of each group during the test period is recorded, and the daily average feed intake and the feed-meat ratio are calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical results of the tests
| Group of | Blank group | EXAMPLE 5 group | EXAMPLE 8 group | EXAMPLE 9 group |
| Body weight (kg) before test | 8.92±1.20 | 9.27±1.24 | 9.10±1.09 | 9.17±1.10 |
| Body weight (kg) after test | 19.73±2.36 | 20.72±2.41 | 21.20±2.42 | 21.64±2.23 |
| Average daily weight gain (g) | 360.33 | 381.67 | 403.33 | 415.67 |
| Average feed intake (g) | 722.92 | 744.63 | 771.17 | 779.81 |
| Meat ratio of materials | 2.006 | 1.951 | 1.912 | 1.876 |
The results show that the average daily gain and the feed-meat ratio of each group are superior to those of the blank group in the experiment, the effect is obvious, and the optimal ratio of the group 9 is the best, which shows that the poria and rhizoma dioscoreae powder can promote the growth and development of animals.
Example 12 antibody Titer assay
100 white feather broilers of 1 day old are selected in the test and randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group comprises 25 white feather broilers, namely a blank group and 3 test groups. Blank groups are fed normally, and test groups are fed on the basis of normal feeding at the age of 11 days, and are mixed with feed and dosed (the dose is 200mg/kg feed) in the poria and rhizoma dioscoreae medicinal powder of the invention of examples 5, 8 and 9, the powder is freely eaten and fed continuously for 7 days. Each group was immunized with newcastle disease vaccine at 14 days of age, and blood was collected at predetermined time points before and after immunization, and serum was separated and antibody was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 1.
The results show that the antibody titer level of each group can be rapidly improved, the antibody titer level is superior to that of the blank group, and the effect of the group (optimal proportion) in example 9 is optimal, which shows that the poria-surgery-rhizoma-dioscoreae-containing powder can improve the immune response of animals to vaccines.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting to the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of exopodium, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the poria, rhizoma atractylodis and rhizoma dioscoreae powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of poria cocos, 2 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 1 part of Chinese yam; weighing the exodonopsis yam powder according to the parts by weight, respectively crushing, sieving and uniformly mixing to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine powder for animals;
the preparation steps are as follows:
(1) taking three medicinal materials of poria cocos, bighead atractylodes rhizome and Chinese yam, placing the medicinal materials into an extraction tank, adding a certain amount of water, carrying out reflux extraction for 1-3 times, each time for 1-3 hours, combining extracting solutions, concentrating the extracting solutions under reduced pressure to obtain thick paste with the relative density of 1.21-1.25, measuring at the temperature of 53-57 ℃, drying at the temperature of 40-100 ℃, and crushing to obtain an aqueous extract;
(2) adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-7.5% into the residual medicine dregs obtained in the step (1), stirring and extracting for 3-12 hours at the temperature of 20-50 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, adjusting the pH of the supernatant to 5-7 by using a 1-6 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, slowly adding a certain amount of ethanol under the stirring condition, standing, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, drying at the temperature of 40-100 ℃, and crushing to obtain an alkali extract;
(3) uniformly mixing the water extract obtained in the step (1), the alkali extract obtained in the step (2) and a proper amount of auxiliary materials to obtain the poria-bighead atractylodes rhizome-yam powder;
the volume-mass ratio of the water amount to the medicinal material amount in the step (1) is 6-12: 1;
in the step (2), the volume-to-mass ratio of the amount of the sodium hydroxide solution to the amount of the medicinal materials is 10-40:1, and the volume ratio of the amount of the ethanol to the supernatant is 0.5-2: 1;
the auxiliary materials in the step (3) are one or more than two of starch, dextrin, lactose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;
the powder containing the poria, the rhizoma atractylodis and the Chinese yam is used for preparing a medicine for improving the immune response of livestock and poultry to vaccines;
the powder containing the poria, the rhizoma atractylodis and the Chinese yam is used for preparing the medicine for promoting the growth of the livestock and poultry.
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