CN110024928A - 一种枣饮料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种枣饮料及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110024928A CN110024928A CN201910483180.6A CN201910483180A CN110024928A CN 110024928 A CN110024928 A CN 110024928A CN 201910483180 A CN201910483180 A CN 201910483180A CN 110024928 A CN110024928 A CN 110024928A
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- jujube
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
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- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/04—Extraction of juices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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- A23L2/46—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/84—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种枣饮料及其制备工艺,属于食品生物技术领域。本发明采用低温烘烤红枣肉为主原料,不仅口味更醇正,焦香浓烈,入口更香甜;本发明采用复合酶解的工艺方案,不仅可以使枣汁中的功能活性物质更多的浸出到饮料中,而且通过酶制剂的改性作用,提升了产品中可溶性膳食纤维的含量,赋予了饮料更多的保健功效和营养价值,使产品具有补气补血、养血安神、排毒养肝、防癌抗癌及养颜护肤等功效。同时,烘烤红枣肉作为主原料的保存时间更长,且易于原料的储存,解决了鲜果易腐烂,不易长时间保存的技术瓶颈。本发明工艺制备方法简单,使用安全,无毒副作用,且生产成本低,便于规模化推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种枣饮料及其制备工艺,尤其是一种采用酶解法制备烘烤枣饮料的制备工艺,属于食品生物技术领域。
背景技术
枣为我国特产水果,是鼠李科枣属植物的成熟果实。它与桃、李、栗、杏并称为古代五果。枣的历史非常悠久,有3000 多年的栽培历史。枣具有很高的营养价值,是上等的滋补食品,在我国素有木本粮食之称;枣树全身是宝,除枣果食用、药用外,枣树的叶、吊、皮、水分别含有维生素、鞣革物质、丹宁、枣酸及铁、锌、铈等微量元素,加工制品有消炎、清血、活血的作用,可以用来调剂主食。民间更是把枣作为补果,认为是补气之佳品。它含有丰富的糖、脂肪、优质蛋白质、维生素A、B1、B2、C、PP 及生物碱、黄酮类物质,还含有钙、磷、铁、镁、钾等微量元素。枣在中医学上有很高的实用价值,由于其有养血安神、健脾开胃、护肝养颜、中和百药、消解病毒补气强身等滋补作用, 几千年来就一直是最为常见的中药。
枣汁饮料枣香浓郁,醇和怡人,绵软爽口,回味悠长,常喝枣汁会有强身健体滋补容颜之功效,枣汁饮料类产品的研制和生产仅有10年左右的历史,但其发展很快,随着对枣的营养和医药价值的深入研究, 人们对以枣为原料制成的饮料越来越感兴趣。专利201810986204.5公开了一种鲜枣汁饮料,由下列重要组分百分比的原料制备而成:复合酸味剂0.2-0.3%、蜂蜜8-15%、红枣汁25-35%、白糖5-15%、果胶0.16-1%、乌梅10-15%和余量水;专利2018104921206公开了一种种枣醋饮料的制作方法,包括红枣汁的制备、养生微粒的制备、压敏甜味微粒制备、调整糖浓度、酒精发酵:采用密闭发酵法、醋酸菌发酵、过滤、调配、杀菌,该发明的枣醋饮料中添加了营养微粒,补充了枣在加工过程中的营养损失,而且加入了甘草,使枣醋饮料风味更加柔和,避免饮后出现后味发酸且咽干,本发明的枣醋饮料加入了缓解刺激味粒子有效缓解了枣醋饮料的刺激味,从而使饮料口感较好。
比较发现,当前枣饮料主要是利用鲜枣汁为原料,但鲜枣存在储存时间短、成本高等弊端,目前我国鲜枣每年因腐烂损失的数量高达20%~30%,因此选择新的加工工艺,提高枣饮料的营养品质,并能服鲜枣利用的技术弊端具有重要意义。专利201811275533公开了一种烘烤红枣饮料及其制备方法,但其采用烘烤后制备浆液然后过滤的工艺,很难最大程度保留枣中的营养功能活性成分。本发明拟提供一种最大程度在饮料中保留早中营养功能活性成分、产品口味醇正焦香浓烈,且原料保存时间长,易于储存的枣饮料制备工艺,满足市场消费者的需求和产业升级发展之需要。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种枣饮料及其制备工艺,其要解决的技术问题包括:(1)解决枣汁饮料原料鲜枣不易储存的技术缺陷,延长枣汁原料的保存期,降低保存成本;(2)提供一种营养活性成分含量丰富,补气补血、养血安神、排毒养肝、防癌抗癌及养颜护肤等功效好的枣饮料;(3)提高枣饮料的功能活性成分提取利用率和抗氧化能力。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现上述技术效果:
一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料是利用烘烤红枣为原料制备,并通过复合酶生物酶解工艺提高红枣中活性成分的提取率,其中复合酶包括纤维素酶和果胶酶。
上述烘烤红枣的制备工艺为:将优质干红枣清洗及干燥后去核,将清洗后的红枣放入烘箱内恒温60℃下烘烤1h,再升温至90℃烘烤20min,至红枣略发出焙香,枣皮紧皱为止。
上述复合酶中纤维素酶和果胶酶的添加量质量比为2:3。
上述生物酶解的具体工艺为:将烘烤红枣去核,放于破碎机中加入少许水破碎;破碎完成后加入3倍的纯净水,然后加入复合酶,加酶量为0.2%~0.5%,在40~60℃条件下控温酶解2~3h;酶解后过滤除去滤渣制备出烘烤红枣汁。
优选的,上述生物酶解工艺在超声波辅助条件下进行,超声波功率为400W。
一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料的的原料按质量份计包括:烘烤红枣汁10~15份、复合稳定剂0.2~0.5份、甜味剂1~3份、柠檬酸0.2~0.3份、水80~90份。
最优的,一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料的的原料按质量份计包括:烘烤红枣汁12份、复合稳定剂0.3份、甜味剂2份、柠檬酸0.3份、水86份。
进一步的,上述复合稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:2。
进一步的,上述甜味剂为冰糖 、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇和异麦芽低聚糖中的一种或几种的混合物。
本发明还提供一种枣饮料的制备工艺,具体步骤包括:
(1)混合:将烘烤红枣汁、复合稳定剂、甜味剂、柠檬酸、水按比例混合均匀;
(2)均质:在均质机中进行均质处理;
(3)灭菌:采用95℃,20min沸水杀菌工艺进行灭菌;
(4)无菌灌装:在无菌条件下进行灌装即得枣饮料。
本发明提供一种枣饮料,通过动物试验进行枣饮料的毒理学试验及安全性评价。小鼠急性经口毒性试验结果表明,本枣饮料对小鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量大于高剂量组75mg/kg•bw;遗传毒性试验小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验两项试验结果均为阴性,表明该枣饮料无致突变作用;由大鼠30d喂养试验可知,大鼠体征行为正常、体态健康、血液及血液生化指标也无异常变化,因此75mg/kg•bw的剂量(人体推荐量的150倍)属于安全剂量;遗传毒性试验和大鼠30d喂养试验结果均为阴性,因此确定本枣饮料属无毒类食品,人可以安全放心食用。
本发明提供一种枣饮料及其制备工艺,与现有技术相比,具有以下显著优势:
(1)本发明采用烘烤红枣肉为主原料制备的烘烤红枣饮料,不仅口味更醇正,焦香浓烈,入口更香甜,饮后更是余香余昧不绝,远比以干红枣直接打碎制备的红枣饮料品质口感等都更好,同时保持了红枣的营养价值,具有补气补血、养血安神、排毒养肝、防癌抗癌及养颜护肤等功效:另外,烘烤红枣肉作为主原料的保存时间更长,且易于原料的储存,解决了鲜果易腐烂,不易长时间保存的技术瓶颈;
(2)本发明采用低温烘烤的工艺,不仅可以使鲜枣中的水分蒸出,而且不易破坏枣中的多糖、维生素等功能活性物质;尤为重要的是本发明采用复合酶解的工艺方案,不仅可以使枣汁中的功能活性物质更多的浸出到饮料中,提高枣饮料的营养功能活性,而且通过酶制剂的改性作用,提升了产品中可溶性膳食纤维的含量,赋予了饮料更多的保健功效和营养价值;
(3)本发明提供了一种在资源化利用枣的工艺,实验结果表明本发明产品的可溶性固形物含量和总抗氧化能力显著高于目前已报道水平,技术效果显著。
(4)本发明工艺制备方法简单,使用安全,无毒副作用,且生产成本低,便于规模化推广应用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种枣饮料,通过如下步骤制备:
(1)红枣烘烤:将优质干红枣清洗及干燥后去核,将清洗后的红枣放入烘箱内恒温60℃下烘烤1h,再升温至90℃烘烤20min,至红枣略发出焙香,枣皮紧皱为止;
(2)生物酶解:将烘烤红枣去核,放于破碎机中加入少许水破碎;破碎完成后加入3倍的纯净水,然后加入复合酶,加酶量为0.2%~0.5%,在40~60℃条件下控温酶解2~3h;酶解后过滤除去滤渣制备出烘烤红枣汁;所述复合酶为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,质量比为2:3;生物酶解工艺在超声波辅助条件下进行,超声波功率为400W;
(3)混合:将烘烤红枣汁、复合稳定剂、甜味剂、柠檬酸、水按烘烤红枣汁12份、复合稳定剂0.3份、甜味剂2份、柠檬酸0.3份、水86份比例混合均匀;所述复合稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:2;所述甜味剂为麦芽糖醇;
(4)均质:在均质机中进行均质处理;
(5)灭菌:采用95℃,20min沸水杀菌工艺进行灭菌;
(6)无菌灌装:在无菌条件下进行灌装即得枣饮料。
实施例2
一种枣饮料,通过如下步骤制备:
(1)红枣烘烤:将优质干红枣清洗及干燥后去核,将清洗后的红枣放入烘箱内恒温60℃下烘烤1h,再升温至90℃烘烤20min,至红枣略发出焙香,枣皮紧皱为止;
(2)生物酶解:将烘烤红枣去核,放于破碎机中加入少许水破碎;破碎完成后加入3倍的纯净水,然后加入复合酶,加酶量为0.2%~0.5%,在40~60℃条件下控温酶解2~3h;酶解后过滤除去滤渣制备出烘烤红枣汁;所述复合酶为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,质量比为2:3;生物酶解工艺在超声波辅助条件下进行,超声波功率为400W;
(3)混合:将烘烤红枣汁、复合稳定剂、甜味剂、柠檬酸、水按烘烤红枣汁10份、复合稳定剂0.5份、甜味剂3份、柠檬酸0.3份、水90份比例混合均匀;所述复合稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:2;所述甜味剂为麦芽糖醇;
(4)均质:在均质机中进行均质处理;
(5)灭菌:采用95℃,20min沸水杀菌工艺进行灭菌;
(6)无菌灌装:在无菌条件下进行灌装即得枣饮料。
实施例3
一种枣饮料,通过如下步骤制备:
(1)红枣烘烤:将优质干红枣清洗及干燥后去核,将清洗后的红枣放入烘箱内恒温60℃下烘烤1h,再升温至90℃烘烤20min,至红枣略发出焙香,枣皮紧皱为止;
(2)生物酶解:将烘烤红枣去核,放于破碎机中加入少许水破碎;破碎完成后加入3倍的纯净水,然后加入复合酶,加酶量为0.2%~0.5%,在40~60℃条件下控温酶解2~3h;酶解后过滤除去滤渣制备出烘烤红枣汁;所述复合酶为纤维素酶和果胶酶的混合物,质量比为2:3;生物酶解工艺在超声波辅助条件下进行,超声波功率为400W;
(3)混合:将烘烤红枣汁、复合稳定剂、甜味剂、柠檬酸、水按烘烤红枣汁15份、复合稳定剂0.2份、甜味剂1份、柠檬酸0.2份、水80份比例混合均匀;所述复合稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:2;所述甜味剂为麦芽糖醇;
(4)均质:在均质机中进行均质处理;
(5)灭菌:采用95℃,20min沸水杀菌工艺进行灭菌;
(6)无菌灌装:在无菌条件下进行灌装即得枣饮料。
实施例4
试验分组:测试共分为7组,分别为实施例1-3组、对照1组(发明专利201811275533试验组)、对照2组(复合酶仅含纤维素酶,其余制备工艺同实施例1)、对照3组(复合酶仅含果胶酶,其余制备工艺同实施例1),对照4组(不含生物酶解工艺,其余同实施例1);每个试验组3个重复
饮料感官评价方法:随机挑选100人作为一个样本,每10人一组分成10组,分贝对试验组进行气昧和口感的评定打分(满分10分)将最后的感官评定结果进行汇总分析;
抗氧化能力测定:参照吴琼英等《柚皮黄酮的超声辅助提取及其抗氧化性研究》所述方法;
试验结果如下:
指标 | 感官评价 | 可溶性固形物含量(%) | DPPH自由基清除率/(mg/100mL) | ABTS自由基清除率/(mg/100mL) |
实施例1试验组 | 9.7±0.21 | 15.76±0.85 | 77.12±1.23 | 55.37±1.02 |
实施例2试验组 | 8.5±0.16 | 14.93±0.97 | 74.23±1.75 | 53.08±1.88 |
实施例3试验组 | 8.9±0.18 | 15.11±0.86 | 76.02±1.59 | 52.48±1.37 |
对照1组 | 9.1±0.26 | 12.77±1.03 | 51.07±1.87 | 40.26±0.96 |
对照2组 | 8.8±0.28 | 12.53±0.88 | 62.36±1.48 | 48.29±1.41 |
对照3组 | 9.0±0.16 | 13.02±0.57 | 65.87±1.78 | 50.76±1.29 |
对照4组 | 8.7±0.27 | 11.08±0.78 | 55.53±1.43 | 44.54±1.09 |
上述试验结果表明本申请枣饮料具有较好的口感和气味,可溶性固形物含量显著上升,抗氧化能力较强。综合比较,实施例1为本发明最佳实施例。进一步分析,枣饮料原料配比对引领的感官评价影响较大,但对产品可溶性固形物含量和抗氧化能力差异不显著。对比文件1中口感较好,可溶性固形物含量居中,但抗氧化能力交底,分析原因可能是高压长时间灭菌导致功能活性成分失活所致。加工工艺对产品的感官具有一定的影响,但差异不显著;加工工艺对可溶性固形物含量及抗氧化能力的影响显著(P<0.01),纤维素酶和果胶酶间的协同作用取得了“1+1>2”的技术效果。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明,但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而对这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料是利用烘烤红枣为原料制备,并通过复合酶生物酶解工艺提高红枣中活性成分的提取率,其中复合酶包括纤维素酶和果胶酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述烘烤红枣的制备工艺为:将优质干红枣清洗及干燥后去核,将清洗后的红枣放入烘箱内恒温60℃下烘烤1h,再升温至90℃烘烤20min,至红枣略发出焙香,枣皮紧皱为止。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述复合酶中纤维素酶和果胶酶的添加量质量比为2:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述生物酶解的具体工艺为:将烘烤红枣去核,放于破碎机中加入少许水破碎;破碎完成后加入3倍的纯净水,然后加入复合酶,加酶量为0.2%~0.5%,在40~60℃条件下控温酶解2~3h;酶解后过滤除去滤渣制备出烘烤红枣汁。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述酶解工艺在超声波辅助条件下进行,超声波功率为400W。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料的的原料按质量份计包括:烘烤红枣汁10~15份、复合稳定剂0.2~0.5份、甜味剂1~3份、柠檬酸0.2~0.3份、水80~90份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料的的原料按质量份计包括:烘烤红枣汁12份、复合稳定剂0.3份、甜味剂2份、柠檬酸0.3份、水86份。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述复合稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:2。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述甜味剂为冰糖 、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇和异麦芽低聚糖中的一种或几种的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种枣饮料,其特征在于所述枣饮料的制备工艺具体步骤包括:
(1)混合:将烘烤红枣汁、复合稳定剂、甜味剂、柠檬酸、水按比例混合均匀;
(2)均质:在均质机中进行均质处理;
(3)灭菌:采用95℃,20min沸水杀菌工艺进行灭菌;
(4)无菌灌装:在无菌条件下进行灌装即得枣饮料。
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