CN110011070A - A kind of Dual-polarized Micro Strip Array for synthetic aperture radar - Google Patents
A kind of Dual-polarized Micro Strip Array for synthetic aperture radar Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Dual-polarized Micro Strip Array for synthetic aperture radar, the antenna array includes: identical upper layer high frequency substrate and lower layer's high frequency substrate；It is supported by several dielectric posts, is placed in parallel to be spaced a distance between the two；Air dielectric layer is formed between the upper layer high frequency substrate and lower layer's high frequency substrate；Several radiation patch are set in the same position of the upper layer high frequency substrate and lower layer's high frequency substrate upper surface；The upper surface of lower layer's high frequency substrate is additionally provided with the dual polarization feeding network connecting with radiation patch, and the lower surface of lower layer's high frequency substrate is for metal.Dual-polarized Micro Strip Array of the invention has the advantages that high bandwidth, standing-wave ratio lower than 1.5, high-gain, particular beam, Sidelobe；Furthermore antenna array of the invention enormously simplifies antenna structure, easily designed and realization without design of sunkening cord.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a dual-polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a microwave imaging remote sensing technology working in an active detection mode, is a development hotspot in the field of radar remote sensing since the emergence of the last 50 century, and is an indispensable important means for realizing earth observation. Synthetic aperture radar combines together with unmanned aerial vehicle and is favorable to the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing system wholeness ability. The unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted synthetic aperture radar has short lift-off time and simple operation, can quickly reach an observation area to fly, is particularly suitable for imaging short-distance and banded areas (deep forests, river channels, hills and the like), and greatly enhances the detection capability of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The role of the antenna in the SAR radar system is crucial, which determines the efficiency of the input energy and the concentration of the transmitted energy, and has the function of guiding and amplifying the electromagnetic waves. Typical airborne antennas include horn antennas, waveguide slot antennas, microstrip antennas, and the like. Compared with a horn antenna and a waveguide slot antenna, the microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile and light weight, and in addition, the microstrip patch antenna also has the advantages of wide applicable frequency range, capability of realizing various dual polarizations, low cost, easiness in production and the like, and is widely applied to the engineering field. However, microstrip patches are typically resonant type antennas with a high quality factor and therefore narrow bandwidth.
The polarization information can reflect the vector characteristics of the electromagnetic waves, is important information which can be utilized besides time domain, frequency domain and space domain information of the electromagnetic waves, extracts target characteristics according to the scattered echoes of different polarizations of the target, and analyzes the characteristics of the target on the basis of the target characteristics, thereby distinguishing different types of targets. Therefore, the method is an indispensable important parameter for completely describing the target characteristics, the target characteristics obtained by the single-polarized antenna are limited, and the dual-polarized antenna can obtain more target characteristic information.
At present, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna is designed by adopting a laminated structure or other special structures, and the multi-purpose probe structure feeds or needs to be slotted and coupled, so that the structure is complex, the processing difficulty is high, and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a dual-polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar based on an antenna impedance matching technology, which has the advantages of high bandwidth, standing-wave ratio lower than 1.5, high gain, specific wave beam and low side lobe.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a dual-polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar, the antenna array comprising: the upper layer high-frequency substrate and the lower layer high-frequency substrate are the same; the two are supported by a plurality of medium columns so as to be arranged in parallel at a certain distance; an air dielectric layer is formed between the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate; a plurality of radiation patches are arranged at the same positions on the upper surfaces of the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate; the upper surface of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate is also provided with a dual-polarization feed network connected with the radiation patch, and the lower surface of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate is a metal ground.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the dual-polarized feed network comprises: the feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers, and the vertical polarization feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers; the two one-into-six unequal power dividers are symmetrically arranged.
As an improvement of the above device, the horizontal polarization feed network, the vertical polarization feed network and the radiation patch of the lower high-frequency substrate are located on the same plane; each radiation patch is respectively connected with a power divider which divides the power into three equal parts of a horizontal polarization feed network and a power divider which divides the power into three equal parts of a vertical polarization feed network.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the power distribution of a one-sixth unequal power divider of the horizontal polarization feed network conforms to chebyshev distribution, and the power distribution of a one-sixth unequal power divider of the vertical polarization feed network conforms to chebyshev distribution.
As a modification of the above device, the radiation patches of the lower high-frequency substrate are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.
As an improvement of the above device, the radiation patch is made of a metal conductive material.
As an improvement of the above device, it is characterized in that the radiation patch is square, and its side length L is:
wherein,
wherein, Δ L is the equivalent radiation slot length, and W is the width of the general microstrip antenna radiation patch; epsiloneIs the equivalent dielectric constant; h is the thickness of the lower high-frequency substrate, f0For the centre frequency, epsilon, of operation of the antennarThe relative dielectric constant of the lower high-frequency substrate, and c the speed of light.
As an improvement of the device, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the same positions around the upper-layer high-frequency substrate and the lower-layer high-frequency substrate, and screws sequentially penetrate through the first through holes of the upper-layer high-frequency substrate, the dielectric columns and the first through holes of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate from top to bottom and are fixed below the lower-layer high-frequency substrate through nuts.
As a modification of the above device, the material of the medium column is resin.
As an improvement of the above device, 4 circular second via holes are respectively arranged at the same positions of four corners of the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate, and are used for connecting the antenna array with external equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that:
1. the dual-polarized microstrip antenna array has the advantages of high bandwidth, standing-wave ratio lower than 1.5, high gain, specific wave beam and low side lobe;
2. the invention provides a dual-polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar, which solves the impedance matching problem by using a parasitic patch (a radiation patch of an upper-layer high-frequency substrate), thereby enabling two feed networks to be distributed on the same layer and solving the problem that the dual-polarized microstrip antenna array needs layered feed;
3. the dual-polarized microstrip antenna array does not need a buried wire design, greatly simplifies the antenna structure and is easy to design and realize;
4. according to the dual-polarized microstrip antenna array, the dielectric columns are used between the two layers of high-frequency substrates, so that the position relation between the substrates is ensured, and the structural strength of the antenna is enhanced. The antenna is prevented from being deformed due to the influence of wind power received at high altitude.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lower high-frequency substrate and an on-board circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper-level high-frequency substrate and an on-board circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a media column and position relationship according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a lobe pattern for vertical polarization port excitation;
figure 6 is a lobe pattern for horizontally polarized port excitation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar, comprising: the two same high-frequency substrates are supported by the dielectric columns, and are arranged in parallel at a certain distance. The two high-frequency substrates are divided into an upper high-frequency substrate and a lower high-frequency substrate, the top surface of the upper high-frequency substrate is provided with radiation patches, the top surface of the lower high-frequency substrate is provided with a dual-polarization feed network and the number of the radiation patches is the same as that of the upper substrate, and the bottom surface of the lower high-frequency substrate is a metal ground.
As shown in fig. 2, the dual-polarized feed networks on the top surface of the lower high-frequency substrate each include a one-sixth unequal power divider and a one-third equal power divider, and the radiation patches are connected through the feed networks. The radiation paster is the square, and the size and the characteristic of paster are relevant with operating frequency and high frequency substrate size and characteristic, and the paster material is the metal conducting material, and the radiation paster of upper plate is located directly over the lower floor's radiation paster, as shown in fig. 3. The spacing between the radiating patches is determined by a general method of antenna design, and 0.75 lambda is selected in this embodiment0Neither coupling between the radiating patches due to too small a pitch nor grating lobes due to too large a pitch, where λ0Is the free space wavelength. The radiation patches are arranged at equal intervals in the transverse direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.
The upper-layer high-frequency substrate and the lower-layer high-frequency substrate are supported by the medium columns of the through holes, the screws sequentially penetrate through the upper-layer high-frequency substrate, the medium columns and the lower-layer high-frequency substrate from top to bottom, the lower parts of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate are fixed by nuts, and an air medium layer is formed between the two high-frequency substrates. The feed network is divided into a horizontal polarization feed network and a vertical polarization feed network, the horizontal polarization feed network, the vertical polarization feed network and the radiation patch of the lower high-frequency substrate are positioned on the same plane, the horizontal polarization feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers, and the vertical polarization feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers. The power distribution of the one-six unequal power divider conforms to Chebyshev distribution, the side lobe level-21 dB is adopted for calculation, and the power distribution ratio from top to bottom is 0.25: 0.59: 1: 1: 0.59: 0.25. the types and the number of the power dividers are flexibly selected according to different antenna design requirements.
The medium columns are made of resin materials, coupling caused by using metal materials is avoided, and 11 medium columns are arranged, as shown in FIG. 4; the height is 3.7mm, and upper high-frequency substrate and lower floor's high-frequency substrate have 11 via holes respectively and are used for fixed upper high-frequency substrate, lower floor's high-frequency substrate and dielectric column.
The upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate are made of Rogers RT/duroid 5880(tm) and 280 × 192 × 0.5mm in size, and four corners of the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate are respectively provided with 4 circular through holes for connecting the antenna with external equipment.
The dual-polarized feed network and the radiation patch are printed on the high-frequency substrate, and the thickness of the dual-polarized feed network is 35um in conventional thickness. The polarization modes of the dual-polarization microstrip antenna array are vertical polarization and horizontal polarization.
The design process of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna array comprises the following steps:
step S1), selecting a plate, selecting a rogers 5880 plate with the thickness of 0.5mm according to the design, wherein the plate is low in dielectric constant and easy to realize broadband.
Step S2) determines the number of radiation patches. The gain of the antenna unit is generally 7-10dB, and the gain of the antenna is increased by about 3dB when the number of the radiation patches is increased by 1 time; in this embodiment, the gain requirement is 20dB, the gain of the radiation patches is 9dB, the number of the radiation patches is 18, and the estimated antenna gain is 21.5 dB.
Step S3) estimating lengths of the radiation patches on the lower and upper high-frequency substrates based on the actual operating frequency of the antenna. The length L of the radiating patch is determined by:
wherein,
wherein, Δ L is the equivalent radiation slot length, and W is the width of the general microstrip antenna radiation patch; epsiloneIs the equivalent dielectric constant; h is the thickness of the high-frequency substrate, f0For the centre frequency, epsilon, of operation of the antennarThe relative dielectric constant of the high-frequency substrate, and c the speed of light.
Step S4) designing a dual-polarization feed network according to the actual antenna beam requirement. The power division ratio of the dual-polarized feed network is determined by adopting a Chebyshev optimal array, and the design adopts side lobe level-21 dB calculation.
Step S5) the HFSS design software is used to optimize the physical lengths of the antennas until the index reaches an optimal value.
The dual-polarized antenna of the embodiment has the following indexes:
1. polarization mode: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization.
2. The center frequency is 5.7 GHz.
3. The bandwidth is greater than 400 MHZ.
4. The gain is greater than 20 dB.
5. The vertical plane sidelobe level is less than-12 dB.
6. The horizontal side lobe level is less than-20 dB.
7. The cross-polarization level within the half-power beamwidth is less than-25 dB.
The optimized part of indexes and parameters are as follows:
1. the side length of the lower layer patch is 17.5cm, and the side length of the last patch is 18.4 cm.
2. The phase difference of the dual-polarized feed network is less than 10 degrees.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a lobe diagram of a vertical polarization port in the present embodiment, wherein a solid line represents a radiation pattern in a vertical plane, and a dashed line represents a radiation pattern in a horizontal plane, it can be seen from the diagram that a half-power lobe width of a radiation pattern in a vertical plane of a transmitting antenna adopting the above structure is 22 °, and a side lobe level is less than 13 dB; the half power waviness of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is 13 deg., and the sidelobe level is less than-21 dB.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a lobe diagram of a horizontal polarization port in the present embodiment, wherein a solid line represents a radiation pattern in a vertical plane, and a dashed line represents a radiation pattern in a horizontal plane, it can be seen from the lobe diagram that a half-power lobe width of a radiation pattern in a vertical plane of a transmitting antenna adopting the above structure is 22 °, and a side lobe level is less than-13 dB; the half power lobe width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is 13 deg., and the side lobe level is less than-21 dB.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar, the antenna array comprising: the upper layer high-frequency substrate and the lower layer high-frequency substrate are the same; the two are supported by a plurality of medium columns so as to be arranged in parallel at a certain distance; an air dielectric layer is formed between the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate; a plurality of radiation patches are arranged at the same positions on the upper surfaces of the upper high-frequency substrate and the lower high-frequency substrate; the upper surface of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate is also provided with a dual-polarization feed network connected with the radiation patch, and the lower surface of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate is a metal ground.
2. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 1 wherein the dual polarized feed network comprises: the feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers, and the vertical polarization feed network comprises a one-sixth unequal power divider and six one-third unequal power dividers; the two one-into-six unequal power dividers are symmetrically arranged.
3. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 2 wherein the horizontally polarized feed network, the vertically polarized feed network and the radiating patches of the lower high frequency substrate are in the same plane; each radiation patch is respectively connected with a power divider which divides the power into three equal parts of a horizontal polarization feed network and a power divider which divides the power into three equal parts of a vertical polarization feed network.
4. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 2 wherein the power distribution of a six-fold unequal power splitter of the horizontal polarization feed network conforms to chebyshev distribution and the power distribution of a six-fold unequal power splitter of the vertical polarization feed network conforms to chebyshev distribution.
5. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 3 wherein the radiating patches of the lower high frequency substrate are equally spaced in the lateral direction and equally spaced in the longitudinal direction.
6. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 1 wherein the radiating patch is made of a metallic conductive material.
7. A dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5 or 6 wherein the radiating patches are square with a side length L of:
wherein,
wherein, Δ L is the equivalent radiation slot length, and W is the width of the general microstrip antenna radiation patch; epsiloneIs the equivalent dielectric constant; h is the thickness of the lower high-frequency substrate, f0For the centre frequency, epsilon, of operation of the antennarThe relative dielectric constant of the lower high-frequency substrate, and c the speed of light.
8. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar of claim 1 wherein a plurality of first via holes are formed in the same positions around the upper high frequency substrate and the lower high frequency substrate, and screws are sequentially passed through the first via holes of the upper high frequency substrate, the dielectric posts and the first via holes of the lower high frequency substrate from top to bottom and fixed below the lower high frequency substrate by nuts.
9. A dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar according to claim 1 or 8 wherein said dielectric posts are made of resin.
10. The dual polarized microstrip antenna array for a synthetic aperture radar according to claim 1 or 8 wherein said upper high frequency substrate and said lower high frequency substrate are provided with 4 circular second via holes at the same positions of four corners thereof, respectively, for connecting the antenna array to an external device.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN110797649A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Broadband dual-polarization microstrip antenna sub-array with filtering and scaling functions |
| CN111509379A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-07 | 山东华箭科工创新科技有限公司 | Double-layer 5G microstrip array antenna |
| CN111864366A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 上海炫雅科技有限公司 | Antenna structure for improving cross polarization performance of dual-polarization microstrip antenna |
| CN113036437A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Millimeter wave radar antenna |
| CN114188715A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-15 | 深圳市道通智能汽车有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar |
| CN114976678A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-30 | 河南工业大学 | Microstrip array antenna |
| CN116937185A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-24 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Intelligent double-polarized linear array microwave receiving and transmitting system |
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| CN116937185A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-24 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Intelligent double-polarized linear array microwave receiving and transmitting system |
| CN116937185B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-02-23 | 南京华成微波技术有限公司 | Intelligent double-polarized linear array microwave receiving and transmitting system |
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Application publication date: 20190712 |