Nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition and preparation method thereof
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the nano composite material technical field, specifically be meant a kind of nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition and preparation method thereof.
(2) background technology
The principal character of nano composite material (Nanocomposites) be a component in the compound system have at least one dimension with nano-scale (≤100nm) be evenly dispersed in the matrix of another component, be called hybrid materials or hybrid material (Hybrid Materials) sometimes again.The polymer/inorganic thing nano composite material that polymkeric substance and some laminated inorganic matter are formed, its polymkeric substance forms even and firm combining with the inorganics with nano-scale laminate structure, the nanophase specific surface area is big, and phase spacing is little, there is special interaction, so its performance has the raising of highly significant than corresponding macroscopic view or micron order matrix material (for example, traditional Inorganic Fillers Filled polymer-modified), even qualitative leap appears, show brand-new performance or function.Since middle 1980s, the development of polymer/inorganic thing nano composite material has represented a wide path of improving current material performance and development novel material significantly.
Polymer/inorganic thing nano composite material has multiple preparation method, intercalation compounding wherein or claim to embed composite algorithm at home, outer research at most, tool use value and development prospect.This method is to utilize some inorganic materials (if you would take off soil, kaolin, modified graphite etc.) have the characteristics of nano-lamellar structure, with between the help interposed layer of monomer by properties-correcting agent (as the quaternary ammonium salts cats product etc.), and carry out home position polymerization reaction, or macromole, oligopolymer is at melt, solution, under the emulsion state, directly insert the interlayer of organic modified layered inorganic materials, finally obtaining complete isolating leafing nano composite material of nanometer lamella (Exifoliated Nanocomposites) or interlamellar spacing is the intercalated nano-composite (Intercalated Nanocomposites) of nano-scale.
At present, rubber industry is extensive use of layered inorganic filler (as potter's clay, kaolin, talcum powder, mica powder etc.), and traditional rubber process can only make it to reach the micron particles dispersion, can not produce strengthening action to rubber usually.In recent years, the development of polymer/inorganic thing intercalation nano compounding technology, making this class have the inorganic materials of nano-lamellar structure and rubber, to reach nano level compound, thereby make it to produce significant strengthening action, and can improve other performances of rubber simultaneously, as resistance to air loss, oil-proofness, flame retardant resistance, ageing resistance etc., this has just opened up a new research field for the development of rubber science and technology.
Prepare rubber/inorganics nano composite material by intercalation technique and can adopt several different methods, as the in-situ polymerization intercalated method of monomer, fluid rubber reaction graft process, mechanically milling graft process, solution intercalation method, latex graft process etc.Wherein, the latex graft process is to be dispersed in the water through organic modifiers modified layered inorganic materials in advance, to form stable suspension system, mix with rubber latex, it is coprecipitated to add flocculation agent then again, washing, drying promptly gets rubber/inorganics nano composite material.Because inorganic materials and rubber are uniform mixing in emulsion, the two blending dispersion is effective, and the part latex particle might insert the inorganic materials interlayer, this homodisperse and intercalation are fixed when condensing altogether, and in technological processs such as follow-up refining glue, sulfuration, further developed, thereby form effective polymer/inorganic thing nano composite material, therefore, the performance of latex graft process nano composite material is much better than general emulsion condensation rubber.Usually, be used for intercalation nano compound layered inorganic material and must be earlier carry out the interlayer surface modification with organic molecule properties-correcting agent (as long-chain quaternary amine salt etc.), this modification is carried out in aqeous suspension usually, technology is comparatively complicated, starting material and energy consumption are big, cause that organically-modified laminated inorganic matter cost increases sharply, and causes environmental pollution simultaneously, thereby influences applying of intercalation nano compounding technology.In the latex intercalation compounding, carry out owing to the intercalation of the organically-modified and class rubber-laminated inorganic substance of laminated inorganic matter can be compounded in the same water-based system, so can simplify the organically-modified technology of layered inorganic material, process such as save filtration, drying, pulverize, sieve, overcome the fraud of powder reuniting, help reducing the cost of organically-modified layered inorganic material and realize suitability for industrialized production.Because most of rubber all have emulsion form, so method is especially suitable to rubber.But the latex graft process has a significant disadvantage, and promptly to can not show a candle to the in-situ polymerization intercalated method of small molecule monomer good for the intercalation effect of rubber macromolecule between inorganic layer, is difficult to the intercalation or the leafing that reach more even, firm.This is because the rubber latex particle is bigger, most of interlamellar spacing that surpasses organically-modified layered inorganic material, so not high at the latex state with rubber particles form intercalation efficient, and the intercalation of rubber macromolecule is also easy not as small molecules in technological processs such as follow-up refining glue, sulfuration.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the defective that exists in the above-mentioned prior art in order to solve, a kind of nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition and preparation method thereof is provided, this method can be brought into play the advantage of latex graft process, overcome its shortcoming again, thereby improve the intercalation nano composite effect of rubber and laminated inorganic matter, further improve the performance of mixture.
The preparation method of a kind of nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition of the present invention is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and processing condition:
The first step adds in rubber latex through organically-modified laminated inorganic matter;
Second step added monomer or mix monomer and radical polymerization initiator;
The 3rd goes on foot in room temperature or/and be heated to 50~98 ℃ of reactions;
The 4th step condensed reacted latex mixture and carry out aftertreatment and gets final product.
In order to implement the present invention better, when adopting peroxide initiator, the 3rd step was heated to 50~98 ℃, and when adopting redox initiation system, the then reaction at room temperature of the 3rd step, or, be warming up to 50~98 ℃ then earlier at room temperature reaction, it is reacted completely.The weight proportion of each raw material is in the inventive method: rubber latex (in drc) is 100 parts, and laminated inorganic matter is 0.5~100 part, and monomer or mix monomer are 1~50 part, and initiator is 0.02~2.0 part.Wherein, rubber latex comprises natural rubber latex and various synthetic rubber latex; Laminated inorganic matter comprises with the polynite of various organism intercalation modifyings processing, wilkinite, kaolin, potter's clay etc.; Monomer comprises the various monomers that contain unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, as styrene monomer (as vinylbenzene, alpha-methyl styrene, Vinylstyrene etc.), esters of acrylic acid or methyl acrylic ester monomer are (as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, long-chain acrylate or methacrylic ester, glycidyl methacrylate, Jia Jibingxisuanβ-Qiang Yizhi, the propenoic acid beta-hydroxy propyl ester, Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate etc.), maleic anhydride and ester thereof, fumaric acid anhydride and ester thereof, vinyl cyanide, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, vinyl acetate, N-vinyl pyridine class monomers etc. also can be two or more above-mentioned monomeric mixtures; Initiator comprises radical polymerization initiators such as peroxide initiator and redox system thereof.
The present invention adds suitable monomer in latex/laminated inorganic matter intercalated layered system, these monomers can insert the interlayer and the in-situ polymerization of inorganics on the one hand, can infiltrate polymerization in situ formation graft copolymer in the latex particle on the other hand again, the result obtains a kind of grafting-interlacement process of latex Organic.Because when the polymkeric substance that monomer forms formation between insertion stratiform inorganic layer is nano combined, also enter latex particle, with the graft copolymerization of rubber molecule chain formation, strengthened combining of layered inorganic filler and rubber greatly, thereby made the performance of rubber composite obtain to improve and improve significantly.For example, the tensile strength of nitrile rubber and 10 parts of unmodified bentonitic general coprecipitated filling and vulcanization glue, tensile yield, tear strength are respectively 5.9Mpa, 800% and 11.2KN/m, be respectively 15.8Mpa, 500% and 21.2KN/m with these performances of general latex graft process gained nitrile rubber and 10 parts of nano combined cross-linked rubbers of modified alta-mud, and the above-mentioned performance of the corresponding rubber-based nano composite material that obtains with grafting-interlacement process of latex reaches 18.2Mpa, 550% and 25.0KN/m respectively, reaches the reinforcement level of 30 parts of high abrasion furnace black(HAF) (N330).These results show that the effect of grafting-interlacement process of latex significantly is better than general latex graft process.
A kind of nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition of the present invention is by method for preparing.With a kind of nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition of the present invention, process by technologies such as common refining glue, sulfurations, can obtain nano combined cross-linked rubber.
The nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition of the present invention preparation can be applicable to make various vulcanized rubber articles, also can be used for the properties-correcting agent, tackiness agent, coating, water-proof material of plastics etc., has broad application prospects.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1. need not use carbon black can obtain the reinforcing effect close, be specially adapted to light color or colorful rubber goods, also can and use with carbon black with carbon black.
2. can be used for dried glue goods, can be used for latex product again, also can be applicable to tackiness agent, coating, water-proof material etc.
3. be used for plastic toughening, not only toughening effect is better than the ordinary rubber elastomerics, and can make plastics keep higher intensity, modulus and thermotolerance.
(4) embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done explanation in further detail.
Embodiment one
The first step is made into solid content 20% with the concentrated natural rubber latex, gets this latex 500 grams, adds the organic modification montmonrillonite that 1 gram, 5 restrains, 10 gram interlayers contain carbon-carbon double bond respectively, stirs;
Second step added methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer 10 grams that contain 0.15 gram initiator dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), stirred, and made abundant swelling of monomer and infiltration;
The 3rd step was heated to 80 ℃, reacted 8 hours;
The 4th step is with reacted latex mixture CaCl
2Solution casting, washing, dry getting final product.
The gained mixture by common rubber processing carry out mixing, the sulfuration and the test.Cured properties sees Table 1.By table 1 as seen, the performance of grafting-interlacement process of latex NR/ Nano composite material of montmorillonite modified obviously is better than general latex graft process NR/ Nano composite material of montmorillonite modified, 1~5 part of modified montmorillonoid can show significant reinforcing effect, and can improve ageing-resistant performance.
Annotate: (1) rubber unvulcanizate prescription: NR100, stearic acid 2, zinc oxide 4, accelerant CZ 1.5, altax 0.5, antioxidant 4010NA 1.5, sulphur 1.5.143 ℃ * T of cure conditions
90
(2) the aged properties rate of descent is the rate of descent of tensile strength and tensile yield product.
The physical and mechanical properties of table 1 grafting-interlacement process of latex NR/ Nano composite material of montmorillonite modified
| NR | NR/ modified montmorillonoid (10phr) | NR/ monomer/modified montmorillonoid |
Modified montmorillonoid add-on (phr) |
1 | 5 | 10 |
300% stress at definite elongation, Mpa 500% stress at definite elongation, the Mpa tensile strength, the MPa tensile yield, the % tensile set, the % tear strength, kN/m hardness (Shao Er A), degree aged properties rate of descent, % (in the air, 100 ℃ * 48h) | 2.78 4.85 17.56 800 6 24.62 37 46.8 | 2.90 5.04 21.43 750 12 25.71 44 35.0 | 3.10 6.23 22.55 820 22 28.50 40 - | 3.89 7.54 24.38 900 20 30.45 40 28.0 | 3.94 7.62 26.41 800 18 29.61 44 26.7 |
Embodiment two
The first step adds the organic bentonite of 10 grams with the modification of long-chain quaternary amine salt in styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) (SBR) latex of 500 gram solid contents about 20%, dispersed with stirring is even;
Second step added vinylbenzene (St) monomer 10 grams that contain 0.2 gram initiator dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), stirred evenly, and room temperature left standstill 2 hours, made abundant swelling of monomer and infiltration;
The 3rd step was heated to 98 ℃, reacted 2 hours;
The 4th step is with reacted latex mixture CaCl
2Solution casting, washing, dry getting final product.
The physical and mechanical properties of table 2 grafting-interlacement process of latex SBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material
| SBR | SBR/wilkinite | The SBR/ modified alta-mud | SBR/ monomer/modified alta-mud | SBR/N330 carbon black (20phr) |
300% stress at definite elongation, the MPa tensile strength, the MPa tensile yield, the % tensile set, the % tear strength, KN/m hardness (Shao Er A), degree | - 1.96 240 4 9.01 42 | 2.01 2.05 330 - 10.30 45 | 2.60 6.24 650 14 15.2 45 | 3.89 12.4 520 12 28.0 49 | 3.24 13.21 570 8 22.65 52 |
The gained mixture by common rubber processing carry out mixing, the sulfuration and the test.Cured properties sees Table 2.By table 2 as seen, the physical and mechanical properties of grafting-interlacement process of latex SBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material not only is much better than the SBR that unmodified wilkinite is filled, also significantly be better than general latex graft process SBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material, close with the performance of the SBR cross-linked rubber of 20phr high abrasion furnace black(HAF) N330 reinforcement.
Annotate: bentonite consumption 10phr, monomer consumption 10phr.Rubber unvulcanizate prescription: SBR100, stearic acid 2, zinc oxide 4, accelerant CZ 1.5, altax 0.5, sulphur 1.5.150 ℃ * T of cure conditions
90
Embodiment three
The first step is to add 27.5 grams (25phr) organic bentonite with the modifications of long-chain quaternary amine salt in 22% paracril (NBR) latex at 500 gram solid contents, and dispersed with stirring is even;
Second step added vinylbenzene (St)/butyl acrylate (BA) mix monomer 11 grams that contain 0.2 gram initiator isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, monomer weight ratio 50/50, fully stir, make monomer swell and infiltration, add equimolar concentration then and be 10% reductive agent copperas solution;
The 3rd step room temperature reaction 2 hours is warming up to 80 ℃ then, continues reaction 2 hours;
The 4th step is with reacted latex mixture CaCl
2Solution casting, washing, dry getting final product.
The mixture of gained by the technology of common rubber carry out mixing, the sulfuration and the test, the physical and mechanical properties of its cross-linked rubber sees Table 3.As can be seen, the physical and mechanical properties of grafting-interlacement process of latex NBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material not only is much better than the NBR that unmodified wilkinite is filled, also obviously be better than general latex graft process NBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material, reach the reinforcement level of 30phr high abrasion furnace black(HAF) N330.
The physical and mechanical properties of table 3 grafting-interlacement process of latex NBR/ modified alta-mud nano composite material
| NBR | The NBR/ wilkinite | The NBR/ modified alta-mud | NBR/ monomer/modified alta-mud | NBR/N330 carbon black (30phr) |
300% stress at definite elongation (Mpa) tensile strength (Mpa) tensile yield (%) tensile set (%) tear strength (KN/m) hardness (Shao Er A, degree) | 1.12 5.87 800 4 11.2 45 | 1.66 7.50 795 8 - 51 | 9.61 17.82 430 16 23.0 68 | 5.32 21.31 510 20 27.0 67 | 3.00 16.10 690 8 24.3 58 |
Annotate: wilkinite or modified alta-mud consumption are 25% of dried glue amount, and the monomer consumption is 10% of a dried glue amount.Rubber unvulcanizate prescription: NBR100, stearic acid 2, zinc oxide 4, accelerant CZ 1.4, altax 0.4, sulphur 1.5.150 ℃ * T of cure conditions
90
Embodiment four
The first step is made into the emulsion of solid content 10% with the concentrated natural rubber latex, gets this latex 500 grams and adds 50 gram (100phr) organic bentonites, and dispersed with stirring is even;
Second step added methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate mix monomer 25 grams that contain 0.5 gram initiator tertbutyl peroxide, and monomer weight ratio 4: 6 stirs evenly, and added 0.5 gram tetraethylene pentamine reductive agent then;
The 3rd step room temperature reaction 24 hours;
The 4th step is with reacted latex mixture CaCl
2Solution casting, washing, dry getting final product.
The gained mixture carries out mixing, sulfuration by common rubber processing, parallel X-ray diffraction test, find in this material the organic modified bentonite interlamellar spacing from original 2.5nm expanded support to 4.2nm, illustrate to have made nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition.
Embodiment five
The first step is got paracril latex 455 grams of solid content 22%, adds the organically-modified kaolin of 5 grams, and dispersed with stirring is even;
Second step added 0.02 gram Ammonium Persulfate 98.5 initiator, and added Butyl Acrylate Monomer 1 gram, stirred evenly, and room temperature left standstill 24 hours;
The 3rd step was warming up to 50 ℃, reacted 16 hours;
The 4th step is with post reaction mixture CaCl
2Solution casting, washing, dry getting final product.
The mixture of gained carries out mixing, sulfuration and X-ray diffraction test by the technology of common rubber, find in this material organically-modified kaolinic interlamellar spacing from original 1.6nm expanded support to 2.5nm, illustrate to have made nano-class rubber-laminated inorganic substance composition.
As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.