Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

CN118880126A - Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN118880126A
CN118880126A CN202411000153.6A CN202411000153A CN118880126A CN 118880126 A CN118880126 A CN 118880126A CN 202411000153 A CN202411000153 A CN 202411000153A CN 118880126 A CN118880126 A CN 118880126A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
cast aluminum
heat
resistant cast
heat resistant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202411000153.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
帅德军
帅莉
胡力
吴波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xiangyang Jinnaite Machinery Co ltd
Original Assignee
Xiangyang Jinnaite Machinery Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiangyang Jinnaite Machinery Co ltd filed Critical Xiangyang Jinnaite Machinery Co ltd
Priority to CN202411000153.6A priority Critical patent/CN118880126A/en
Publication of CN118880126A publication Critical patent/CN118880126A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Si: 10.0‑15.0%, Cu: 5.5‑7.8%, Mg: 0.5‑1.3%, Ti: 0.14‑0.81%, Zr: 0.26‑0.77%, V: 0.37‑0.82%, W: 0.78‑1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, Mg and W being as follows: Cu: Mg: W= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).

Description

Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy excellent in high-temperature strength properties, in particular, having satisfactory strength characteristics at 350 ℃ or higher, suitable for use in high-temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder parts, turbocharger parts, and the like.
Background
Aluminum alloy is an ideal light-weight high-strength material and has wider application in the automobile industry. For example, in order to achieve low fuel consumption and high weight, some automobile engine housings are cast from aluminum alloy.
In fact, many automotive parts, except for engine housings, are made from cast aluminum alloys. In particular, cast aluminum alloy is often used for parts such as pistons, cylinders, and turbochargers, which are relatively heavy in the engine, in order to achieve maximum weight reduction in the engine. These components are subjected to relatively high operating temperatures during operation, and therefore Al-Si-Cu alloys are typically used. However, in some heavy-duty car engines or high power engines, conventional Al-Si-Cu alloys cannot be used. The reason is that the main strengthening phases of Al-Si-Cu alloys, al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg, become unstable above 250 ℃, become progressively coarsened and dissolve, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the strength of the alloy, whereas the operating temperatures of the parts of heavy-duty car engines or high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinders, turbochargers, etc., are typically above 300 ℃, which can reach 400 ℃ or higher in full throttle conditions, and conventional Al-Si-Cu alloys cannot ensure sustained stable mechanical properties at such temperatures, resulting in premature failure rejection.
Therefore, in order to fully develop the characteristics of light weight and high strength of aluminum alloy, it is necessary to develop a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy as a material of a high-temperature working member of a corresponding engine, which can continuously and stably work and continuously output power while ensuring light weight and low fuel consumption of a heavy-duty car engine or a high-power engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a heat resistant cast aluminum alloy which is excellent in high temperature strength properties, in particular, has satisfactory strength characteristics at temperatures above 350 ℃ and is suitable for use in high temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder parts, turbocharger parts, and the like. The high-temperature mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy are as follows: the tensile strength is above 165MPa at 350 ℃ and above 120MPa at 400 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:10.0-15.0%, cu:5.5-7.8%, mg:0.5-1.3%, ti:0.14-0.81%, zr:0.26-0.77%, V:0.37-0.82%, W:0.78-1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, mg and W being as follows: cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
Next, the effects of the components of the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention will be described.
Si: silicon is a basic alloying element of the cast aluminum alloy, can effectively improve the strength and the elastic modulus of the aluminum alloy, can ensure the fluidity of an aluminum alloy melt, ensures good castability, can also improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy, cannot ensure the strength, the castability and the hardness and the wear resistance if the silicon is too low, and can lead to the too high hardness and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy if the silicon content is too high, so that the machinability is deteriorated on one hand, and the plastic elongation is reduced on the other hand. The silicon content in the aluminum alloy is controlled to be 10.0-15.0%.
Cu: copper is a basic element for forming strengthening phases Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg in the aluminum alloy, endows the aluminum alloy with excellent strength performance and has outstanding decisive effect on high-temperature strength characteristics, but as the background art, the tolerance of Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg to high temperature is below 250 ℃, and the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy cannot be obtained by simply relying on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg. If the copper content is too low, the high-temperature strength cannot be ensured, if the copper content is too high, the continuity of a matrix is affected due to too much precipitated phases, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are deteriorated, and the copper content in the cast aluminum alloy is controlled to be 5.7-7.8%.
Mg: magnesium is a basic element for forming reinforced phases Mg 2 Si and Al 2 CuMg in the aluminum alloy, endows the aluminum alloy with excellent strength performance, and has outstanding decisive effect on high-temperature strength characteristics. If the magnesium content is too low, the strengthening phase is insufficient, and the excellent mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy cannot be ensured, and if the magnesium content is too high, the quantity of the strengthening phase is excessive, the continuity of a matrix is damaged, and the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy are deteriorated, wherein the magnesium content in the cast aluminum alloy is controlled to be 0.5-1.3%.
Ti, V, zr: the titanium, vanadium and zirconium respectively form a single Al 3Ti、Al3V、Al3 Zr phase with the aluminum element of the matrix, or form Al 3 X (X is two or three of Ti, V and Zr) phases, and the phases are separated out in a fine dispersion form in the high-temperature working process of the cast aluminum alloy, so that the method has an important effect on improving the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy. In order to fully exert the above effects, the titanium addition amount of the present invention is 0.14 to 0.81%, the zirconium addition amount is 0.26 to 0.77%, and the vanadium addition amount is 0.37 to 0.82%.
W: according to the cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention, tungsten is specially added, the inventor discovers that the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy is obviously improved after the tungsten is added, and presumably, the addition of the tungsten forms a doping effect on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, so that the cast aluminum alloy can still keep good stability at a higher temperature (more than 250 ℃), and the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy is improved. In order to obtain the above effects, the addition amount of tungsten of the present invention is 0.78 to 1.24%, and when the addition amount of tungsten is too low, the effect of improving the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy is insufficient, and when the addition amount of tungsten is too high, the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy is also deteriorated.
Not limited to the above description, the inventors found that only the addition of tungsten in the above-described content does not always produce a satisfactory effect on the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy, and found that the inventors found, through experimental analysis and summary, that when the content ratio of Cu, mg, W is controlled within a certain range, the cast aluminum alloy can always be provided with excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, which also confirms from the side that the improvement of the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy by the addition of tungsten should be related to the effect of tungsten on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, and found that the most suitable content ratio ranges of Cu, mg, W, namely Cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
Further, the Si and Mg contents of the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention satisfy: si: mg=12 to 24, mg 2 Si is also an important strengthening phase in the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and by controlling Si and Mg within a reasonable range, it can be effectively ensured that the aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength characteristics.
By way of non-limiting illustration, fe less than or equal to 0.05% and Mn less than or equal to 0.05% in the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, iron and manganese are all impurity elements in the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and the lower and better the iron and manganese contents are, due to unavoidable raw materials, but controlling the upper limits of iron and manganese to 0.05% does not affect the achievement of excellent high temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, due to cost considerations and process level limitations.
By way of non-limiting illustration, the heat resistant cast aluminum alloys of the present invention require an aging heat treatment after casting to promote the formation of Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases and to facilitate the overall strength and hardness of the cast aluminum alloy. According to the composition of the present invention, the inventors determined that the time-lapse heat treatment temperature is preferably set at 230-280℃and the time-lapse time is controlled at 6-12 hours.
As an optional step, the aging may be preceded by a solution treatment step. The solution treatment can eliminate supersaturated solid solution phase in the cast aluminum alloy, eliminate element segregation, promote the uniform distribution of elements and improve the mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy. Since the aluminum alloy of the present invention is particularly suitable for high temperature conditions, if the working temperature of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is 280 ℃ or higher, aging can be directly performed without solution treatment. When solution treatment is required, the solution treatment is kept at 490-550 ℃ for 1-3h.
As a further description, the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent high temperature properties, which has a tensile strength of 165MPa or more at 350 ℃ and 120MPa or more at 400 ℃. Can meet the continuous and stable work of high-temperature working conditions.
Based on the above disclosure, it is known that the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has very excellent high temperature mechanical properties, and thus is particularly suitable for the preparation of high temperature working condition components such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components, etc.
The invention has the following beneficial effects.
According to the invention, the cast aluminum alloy with excellent high-temperature strength is obtained by optimally configuring the components of the cast aluminum alloy. Particularly, the cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention is added with tungsten element, and the proportion of Cu, mg and W is cooperatively controlled, so that the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy can be obviously improved. It is supposed that the addition of tungsten has an influence on the Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, so that the high-stability aluminum alloy can still keep good stability at a higher temperature (more than 250 ℃), thereby improving the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy. Finally, the cast aluminum alloy obtained by the invention has the tensile strength of more than 165MPa at 350 ℃ and the tensile strength of more than 120MPa at 400 ℃. The high-temperature engine can meet the requirement of continuous and stable working under high-temperature working conditions, and is suitable for manufacturing high-temperature components of heavy-duty, high-speed and high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following description is made with reference to specific test examples.
Smelting an aluminum alloy melt, controlling the Fe and Mn impurities to be 0.03+/-0.005%, and performing sand casting after smelting to obtain castings of 20cm multiplied by 40cm, and performing aging treatment on each casting at 265 ℃ for 8.5 hours. The composition of each casting is shown in Table 1.
Two specimens of each casting were cut, and their tensile strength was measured at 350℃after heat preservation at 350℃for 240 hours, and at 400℃after heat preservation at 400℃for 240 hours, respectively. Both the dimensions of the test pieces and the high temperature strength test were carried out as required by GB/T228.2-2015 (section 2 high temperature test method for tensile test of metallic materials), and the high temperature strength test results are recorded in Table 2.
Table 1 chemical composition (in mass%) of each aluminum alloy casting, the balance being Al.
Table 2 properties of each aluminum alloy casting.
Specific analyses are described below with reference to tables 1 and 2.
The contents of all elements of the cast aluminum alloy with test serial numbers 1-10 and the ratio value of Cu to Mg to W in the table 1 meet the requirements of the invention, and the test proves that the finally obtained cast aluminum alloy has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ is above 165MPa, the tensile strength at 400 ℃ is above 120MPa, and the test serial numbers 1-10 are all examples of the invention; in addition, from the aspect of Si to Mg ratio, test numbers 1,2, 4, 5, 7,8 and 10 of Si to Mg in the range of 12-24 cast aluminum alloy show more excellent high-temperature performance, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ is more than 180MPa, and the tensile strength at 400 ℃ is more than 135MPa, so that reasonable Si to Mg is favorable for obtaining cast aluminum alloy with more outstanding and excellent high-temperature strength performance.
At least one of the Cu, mg, W, and Cu: mg: W ratio values in the cast aluminum alloy compositions of test numbers 11 to 20 in Table 1 does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention, and the high-temperature tensile strength of the final cast aluminum alloy does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention. Thus, test numbers 11-20 are comparative examples of the present invention.
Each comparative example is analyzed in detail below.
Comparative examples 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 are comparative examples of examples 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, respectively, and Mg, mg, cu, W, W is adjusted with respect to examples 1, 2, 35, 7, and although the adjusted Mg, W, cu are still within the scope of the invention requirements, cu: mg: W does not meet the invention requirements, and from the results of the high temperature strength experiments, the high temperature tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy of comparative examples 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 cannot meet the invention requirements, indicating that controlling Cu: mg: W within a reasonable range is critical for obtaining excellent high temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy.
Comparative examples 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 are comparative examples of examples 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, respectively, W, cu, mg, W, cu was adjusted with respect to examples 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and although Cu: mg: W was still within the required range of the invention after adjustment, insufficient or excessive formation of Al 2Cu、Al2 CuMg strengthening phase and insufficient or excessive doping effect of W on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg were caused due to too high or too low W, cu, mg, W, cu, and finally, from the results of high temperature strength experiments, the high temperature tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy of comparative examples 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 could not meet the requirements of the invention, indicating that controlling Cu, W, mg content within reasonable interval is critical for obtaining excellent high temperature strength of cast aluminum alloy.
Through the comparison of the above examples and the comparative examples, the invention is easy to prove that the high-temperature mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy can be further improved by optimizing the components of the cast aluminum alloy, particularly by specially adding W and cooperatively controlling Cu to Mg to W, the high-temperature strength characteristic of the cast aluminum alloy is obviously improved, the tensile strength of 350 ℃ is more than 165MPa, the tensile strength of 400 ℃ is more than 120MPa, and on the basis, the high-temperature mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy can be further improved by cooperatively controlling Si to Mg. The aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention has outstanding high-temperature strength performance, can meet the requirement of continuous and stable work under high-temperature working conditions, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing high-temperature components of heavy-duty, high-speed and high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components and the like.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:10.0-15.0%, cu:5.5-7.8%, mg:0.5-1.3%, ti:0.14-0.81%, zr:0.26-0.77%, V:0.37-0.82%, W:0.78-1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, mg and W being as follows: cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
2. The refractory cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the refractory cast aluminum alloy has Si and Mg contents that satisfy: si: mg=12-24.
3. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein Fe and Mn in the refractory cast aluminum alloy are 0.05% or less and 0.05% or less.
4. A heat resistant cast aluminium alloy according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminium alloy is subjected to an ageing heat treatment after casting.
5. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the aging is maintained at 230-280 ℃ for 6-12 hours.
6. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, further optionally including a solution treatment step prior to said aging.
7. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein the solution treatment is maintained at 490-550 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
8. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-7, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 165MPa or greater at 350 ℃.
9. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 120MPa or more at 400 ℃.
10. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the refractory cast aluminum alloy is used in the preparation of high temperature service components such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components, and the like.
CN202411000153.6A 2024-07-24 2024-07-24 Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy Pending CN118880126A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202411000153.6A CN118880126A (en) 2024-07-24 2024-07-24 Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202411000153.6A CN118880126A (en) 2024-07-24 2024-07-24 Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN118880126A true CN118880126A (en) 2024-11-01

Family

ID=93220827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202411000153.6A Pending CN118880126A (en) 2024-07-24 2024-07-24 Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN118880126A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102676887B (en) Aluminum alloy for compression casting and casting of aluminum alloy
CN1088762C (en) Magnesium alloy having superior elevated-temperature properties and die castability
CN109072356B (en) Die casting alloy
CN108342606B (en) Method for improving in-situ aluminum matrix composite material structure and performance by mixing rare earth
CN110079711B (en) Heat-resistant high-pressure cast Al-Si-Ni-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof
CN110129629B (en) Heat-resistant cast Al-Si-Ni-Cu aluminum alloy and gravity casting preparation
US6399020B1 (en) Aluminum-silicon alloy having improved properties at elevated temperatures and articles cast therefrom
JP6028546B2 (en) Aluminum alloy
CN101942585A (en) Aluminum alloy and diesel engine piston
CN108048703B (en) High-strength wear-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy and die-casting method thereof
CN115305392A (en) High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof
CN113444929A (en) Microalloying non-heat treatment high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation process thereof
US20230272509A1 (en) Aluminum alloy and component part prepared therefrom
CN116590583A (en) High-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN114182141A (en) Novel high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant aluminum-silicon casting alloy
CN113897520A (en) High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-silicon alloy for engine piston
JP4905680B2 (en) Magnesium casting alloy and compressor impeller using the same
US20080089805A1 (en) Aluminium-Based Alloy And Moulded Part Consisting Of Said Alloy
CN112313356B (en) Aluminium alloy, method for producing an engine component, engine component and use of an aluminium alloy for producing an engine component
CN118880126A (en) Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy
CN113718144B (en) High-plasticity high-elastic-modulus aluminum-silicon casting alloy and preparation method and application thereof
JP3865430B2 (en) Heat and wear resistant magnesium alloy
CN118880125A (en) High-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy
JP3303661B2 (en) Heat resistant high strength aluminum alloy
JP3920656B2 (en) High rigidity aluminum alloy containing boron

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication