CN118880126A - Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN118880126A CN118880126A CN202411000153.6A CN202411000153A CN118880126A CN 118880126 A CN118880126 A CN 118880126A CN 202411000153 A CN202411000153 A CN 202411000153A CN 118880126 A CN118880126 A CN 118880126A
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- aluminum alloy
- cast aluminum
- heat
- resistant cast
- heat resistant
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Si: 10.0‑15.0%, Cu: 5.5‑7.8%, Mg: 0.5‑1.3%, Ti: 0.14‑0.81%, Zr: 0.26‑0.77%, V: 0.37‑0.82%, W: 0.78‑1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, Mg and W being as follows: Cu: Mg: W= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy excellent in high-temperature strength properties, in particular, having satisfactory strength characteristics at 350 ℃ or higher, suitable for use in high-temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder parts, turbocharger parts, and the like.
Background
Aluminum alloy is an ideal light-weight high-strength material and has wider application in the automobile industry. For example, in order to achieve low fuel consumption and high weight, some automobile engine housings are cast from aluminum alloy.
In fact, many automotive parts, except for engine housings, are made from cast aluminum alloys. In particular, cast aluminum alloy is often used for parts such as pistons, cylinders, and turbochargers, which are relatively heavy in the engine, in order to achieve maximum weight reduction in the engine. These components are subjected to relatively high operating temperatures during operation, and therefore Al-Si-Cu alloys are typically used. However, in some heavy-duty car engines or high power engines, conventional Al-Si-Cu alloys cannot be used. The reason is that the main strengthening phases of Al-Si-Cu alloys, al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg, become unstable above 250 ℃, become progressively coarsened and dissolve, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the strength of the alloy, whereas the operating temperatures of the parts of heavy-duty car engines or high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinders, turbochargers, etc., are typically above 300 ℃, which can reach 400 ℃ or higher in full throttle conditions, and conventional Al-Si-Cu alloys cannot ensure sustained stable mechanical properties at such temperatures, resulting in premature failure rejection.
Therefore, in order to fully develop the characteristics of light weight and high strength of aluminum alloy, it is necessary to develop a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy as a material of a high-temperature working member of a corresponding engine, which can continuously and stably work and continuously output power while ensuring light weight and low fuel consumption of a heavy-duty car engine or a high-power engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a heat resistant cast aluminum alloy which is excellent in high temperature strength properties, in particular, has satisfactory strength characteristics at temperatures above 350 ℃ and is suitable for use in high temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder parts, turbocharger parts, and the like. The high-temperature mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy are as follows: the tensile strength is above 165MPa at 350 ℃ and above 120MPa at 400 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:10.0-15.0%, cu:5.5-7.8%, mg:0.5-1.3%, ti:0.14-0.81%, zr:0.26-0.77%, V:0.37-0.82%, W:0.78-1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, mg and W being as follows: cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
Next, the effects of the components of the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention will be described.
Si: silicon is a basic alloying element of the cast aluminum alloy, can effectively improve the strength and the elastic modulus of the aluminum alloy, can ensure the fluidity of an aluminum alloy melt, ensures good castability, can also improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy, cannot ensure the strength, the castability and the hardness and the wear resistance if the silicon is too low, and can lead to the too high hardness and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy if the silicon content is too high, so that the machinability is deteriorated on one hand, and the plastic elongation is reduced on the other hand. The silicon content in the aluminum alloy is controlled to be 10.0-15.0%.
Cu: copper is a basic element for forming strengthening phases Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg in the aluminum alloy, endows the aluminum alloy with excellent strength performance and has outstanding decisive effect on high-temperature strength characteristics, but as the background art, the tolerance of Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg to high temperature is below 250 ℃, and the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy cannot be obtained by simply relying on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg. If the copper content is too low, the high-temperature strength cannot be ensured, if the copper content is too high, the continuity of a matrix is affected due to too much precipitated phases, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are deteriorated, and the copper content in the cast aluminum alloy is controlled to be 5.7-7.8%.
Mg: magnesium is a basic element for forming reinforced phases Mg 2 Si and Al 2 CuMg in the aluminum alloy, endows the aluminum alloy with excellent strength performance, and has outstanding decisive effect on high-temperature strength characteristics. If the magnesium content is too low, the strengthening phase is insufficient, and the excellent mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy cannot be ensured, and if the magnesium content is too high, the quantity of the strengthening phase is excessive, the continuity of a matrix is damaged, and the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy are deteriorated, wherein the magnesium content in the cast aluminum alloy is controlled to be 0.5-1.3%.
Ti, V, zr: the titanium, vanadium and zirconium respectively form a single Al 3Ti、Al3V、Al3 Zr phase with the aluminum element of the matrix, or form Al 3 X (X is two or three of Ti, V and Zr) phases, and the phases are separated out in a fine dispersion form in the high-temperature working process of the cast aluminum alloy, so that the method has an important effect on improving the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy. In order to fully exert the above effects, the titanium addition amount of the present invention is 0.14 to 0.81%, the zirconium addition amount is 0.26 to 0.77%, and the vanadium addition amount is 0.37 to 0.82%.
W: according to the cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention, tungsten is specially added, the inventor discovers that the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy is obviously improved after the tungsten is added, and presumably, the addition of the tungsten forms a doping effect on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, so that the cast aluminum alloy can still keep good stability at a higher temperature (more than 250 ℃), and the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy is improved. In order to obtain the above effects, the addition amount of tungsten of the present invention is 0.78 to 1.24%, and when the addition amount of tungsten is too low, the effect of improving the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy is insufficient, and when the addition amount of tungsten is too high, the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy is also deteriorated.
Not limited to the above description, the inventors found that only the addition of tungsten in the above-described content does not always produce a satisfactory effect on the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy, and found that the inventors found, through experimental analysis and summary, that when the content ratio of Cu, mg, W is controlled within a certain range, the cast aluminum alloy can always be provided with excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, which also confirms from the side that the improvement of the high-temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy by the addition of tungsten should be related to the effect of tungsten on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, and found that the most suitable content ratio ranges of Cu, mg, W, namely Cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
Further, the Si and Mg contents of the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention satisfy: si: mg=12 to 24, mg 2 Si is also an important strengthening phase in the heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and by controlling Si and Mg within a reasonable range, it can be effectively ensured that the aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength characteristics.
By way of non-limiting illustration, fe less than or equal to 0.05% and Mn less than or equal to 0.05% in the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, iron and manganese are all impurity elements in the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and the lower and better the iron and manganese contents are, due to unavoidable raw materials, but controlling the upper limits of iron and manganese to 0.05% does not affect the achievement of excellent high temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, due to cost considerations and process level limitations.
By way of non-limiting illustration, the heat resistant cast aluminum alloys of the present invention require an aging heat treatment after casting to promote the formation of Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases and to facilitate the overall strength and hardness of the cast aluminum alloy. According to the composition of the present invention, the inventors determined that the time-lapse heat treatment temperature is preferably set at 230-280℃and the time-lapse time is controlled at 6-12 hours.
As an optional step, the aging may be preceded by a solution treatment step. The solution treatment can eliminate supersaturated solid solution phase in the cast aluminum alloy, eliminate element segregation, promote the uniform distribution of elements and improve the mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy. Since the aluminum alloy of the present invention is particularly suitable for high temperature conditions, if the working temperature of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is 280 ℃ or higher, aging can be directly performed without solution treatment. When solution treatment is required, the solution treatment is kept at 490-550 ℃ for 1-3h.
As a further description, the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has excellent high temperature properties, which has a tensile strength of 165MPa or more at 350 ℃ and 120MPa or more at 400 ℃. Can meet the continuous and stable work of high-temperature working conditions.
Based on the above disclosure, it is known that the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has very excellent high temperature mechanical properties, and thus is particularly suitable for the preparation of high temperature working condition components such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components, etc.
The invention has the following beneficial effects.
According to the invention, the cast aluminum alloy with excellent high-temperature strength is obtained by optimally configuring the components of the cast aluminum alloy. Particularly, the cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention is added with tungsten element, and the proportion of Cu, mg and W is cooperatively controlled, so that the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy can be obviously improved. It is supposed that the addition of tungsten has an influence on the Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg phases, so that the high-stability aluminum alloy can still keep good stability at a higher temperature (more than 250 ℃), thereby improving the heat resistance of the cast aluminum alloy. Finally, the cast aluminum alloy obtained by the invention has the tensile strength of more than 165MPa at 350 ℃ and the tensile strength of more than 120MPa at 400 ℃. The high-temperature engine can meet the requirement of continuous and stable working under high-temperature working conditions, and is suitable for manufacturing high-temperature components of heavy-duty, high-speed and high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following description is made with reference to specific test examples.
Smelting an aluminum alloy melt, controlling the Fe and Mn impurities to be 0.03+/-0.005%, and performing sand casting after smelting to obtain castings of 20cm multiplied by 40cm, and performing aging treatment on each casting at 265 ℃ for 8.5 hours. The composition of each casting is shown in Table 1.
Two specimens of each casting were cut, and their tensile strength was measured at 350℃after heat preservation at 350℃for 240 hours, and at 400℃after heat preservation at 400℃for 240 hours, respectively. Both the dimensions of the test pieces and the high temperature strength test were carried out as required by GB/T228.2-2015 (section 2 high temperature test method for tensile test of metallic materials), and the high temperature strength test results are recorded in Table 2.
Table 1 chemical composition (in mass%) of each aluminum alloy casting, the balance being Al.
Table 2 properties of each aluminum alloy casting.
Specific analyses are described below with reference to tables 1 and 2.
The contents of all elements of the cast aluminum alloy with test serial numbers 1-10 and the ratio value of Cu to Mg to W in the table 1 meet the requirements of the invention, and the test proves that the finally obtained cast aluminum alloy has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ is above 165MPa, the tensile strength at 400 ℃ is above 120MPa, and the test serial numbers 1-10 are all examples of the invention; in addition, from the aspect of Si to Mg ratio, test numbers 1,2, 4, 5, 7,8 and 10 of Si to Mg in the range of 12-24 cast aluminum alloy show more excellent high-temperature performance, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ is more than 180MPa, and the tensile strength at 400 ℃ is more than 135MPa, so that reasonable Si to Mg is favorable for obtaining cast aluminum alloy with more outstanding and excellent high-temperature strength performance.
At least one of the Cu, mg, W, and Cu: mg: W ratio values in the cast aluminum alloy compositions of test numbers 11 to 20 in Table 1 does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention, and the high-temperature tensile strength of the final cast aluminum alloy does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention. Thus, test numbers 11-20 are comparative examples of the present invention.
Each comparative example is analyzed in detail below.
Comparative examples 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 are comparative examples of examples 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, respectively, and Mg, mg, cu, W, W is adjusted with respect to examples 1, 2, 35, 7, and although the adjusted Mg, W, cu are still within the scope of the invention requirements, cu: mg: W does not meet the invention requirements, and from the results of the high temperature strength experiments, the high temperature tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy of comparative examples 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 cannot meet the invention requirements, indicating that controlling Cu: mg: W within a reasonable range is critical for obtaining excellent high temperature strength of the cast aluminum alloy.
Comparative examples 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 are comparative examples of examples 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, respectively, W, cu, mg, W, cu was adjusted with respect to examples 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and although Cu: mg: W was still within the required range of the invention after adjustment, insufficient or excessive formation of Al 2Cu、Al2 CuMg strengthening phase and insufficient or excessive doping effect of W on Al 2 Cu and Al 2 CuMg were caused due to too high or too low W, cu, mg, W, cu, and finally, from the results of high temperature strength experiments, the high temperature tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy of comparative examples 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 could not meet the requirements of the invention, indicating that controlling Cu, W, mg content within reasonable interval is critical for obtaining excellent high temperature strength of cast aluminum alloy.
Through the comparison of the above examples and the comparative examples, the invention is easy to prove that the high-temperature mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy can be further improved by optimizing the components of the cast aluminum alloy, particularly by specially adding W and cooperatively controlling Cu to Mg to W, the high-temperature strength characteristic of the cast aluminum alloy is obviously improved, the tensile strength of 350 ℃ is more than 165MPa, the tensile strength of 400 ℃ is more than 120MPa, and on the basis, the high-temperature mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy can be further improved by cooperatively controlling Si to Mg. The aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention has outstanding high-temperature strength performance, can meet the requirement of continuous and stable work under high-temperature working conditions, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing high-temperature components of heavy-duty, high-speed and high-power engines, such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components and the like.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:10.0-15.0%, cu:5.5-7.8%, mg:0.5-1.3%, ti:0.14-0.81%, zr:0.26-0.77%, V:0.37-0.82%, W:0.78-1.24%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the contents of Cu, mg and W being as follows: cu: mg: w= (5-12): 1: (0.85-1.83).
2. The refractory cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the refractory cast aluminum alloy has Si and Mg contents that satisfy: si: mg=12-24.
3. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein Fe and Mn in the refractory cast aluminum alloy are 0.05% or less and 0.05% or less.
4. A heat resistant cast aluminium alloy according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminium alloy is subjected to an ageing heat treatment after casting.
5. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the aging is maintained at 230-280 ℃ for 6-12 hours.
6. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, further optionally including a solution treatment step prior to said aging.
7. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein the solution treatment is maintained at 490-550 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
8. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-7, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 165MPa or greater at 350 ℃.
9. The heat resistant cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat resistant cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 120MPa or more at 400 ℃.
10. The refractory cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the refractory cast aluminum alloy is used in the preparation of high temperature service components such as pistons, cylinder components, turbocharger components, and the like.
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CN202411000153.6A CN118880126A (en) | 2024-07-24 | 2024-07-24 | Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy |
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