CN118849812A - Power system, power supply device, power conversion device, and control device - Google Patents
Power system, power supply device, power conversion device, and control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN118849812A CN118849812A CN202410817715.XA CN202410817715A CN118849812A CN 118849812 A CN118849812 A CN 118849812A CN 202410817715 A CN202410817715 A CN 202410817715A CN 118849812 A CN118849812 A CN 118849812A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a technology capable of exchanging electric power between a vehicle equipped with a battery and a house or the like with a simpler structure. The power system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a high-voltage battery (41) and an electric motor (42) mounted on an electric vehicle (40); an inverter device (43) that converts the output of the high-voltage battery (41) into alternating current to drive the motor (42); a power line (PL 43) provided in the electric vehicle (40) and extending from a neutral point (43 NP) of an armature (42A) of the electric motor (42); a charge/discharge port (45) provided in the electric vehicle (40) and connected to a power line (PL 43); a power supply unit (20) provided in a House (HM); and a charge/discharge cable (25) that is provided so as to extend from the power supply unit (20) and that can be electrically connected at the tip thereof to the charge/discharge port (45), wherein the high-voltage battery (41) can be charged by the electric power supplied from the power supply unit (20) and can discharge the power supply unit (20) through the inverter device (43), the neutral point (43 NP), the power line (PL 43), and the charge/discharge cable (25).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power system and the like.
Background
For example, the following techniques are known: the house or facility is connected to an electric vehicle equipped with a battery so that electric power can be exchanged, and the battery is charged by power supply from the house or the like, or the electric power of the battery is discharged to an electric load of the house or the like (see patent literature 1).
Patent document 1: japanese patent application laid-open No. 2018-61432
Disclosure of Invention
< Problem to be solved by the invention >
However, when the battery is charged with electric power from a house or the like, it is necessary to convert ac to dc, and when the electric power from the battery is discharged to an electric load from a house or the like, it is necessary to convert dc to ac. Therefore, it may be necessary to provide a power conversion device for charging and discharging the battery in a vehicle, a house, or the like.
The present invention aims to provide a technology capable of exchanging electric power between a vehicle carrying a storage battery and a house or the like by a simpler structure.
< Means for solving the problems >
In order to achieve the above object, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electric power system including:
a battery mounted on the vehicle;
an electric motor mounted on the vehicle;
A first power conversion device that is electrically connected to both the battery and the motor in the vehicle, and that converts an output of the battery into an ac to drive the motor;
A first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor in the vehicle;
A power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; and
A power connection unit for connecting the power supply unit and the first power line in a manner capable of exchanging power,
The battery can be charged with electric power supplied from the power supply unit and can discharge electric power to the power supply unit through the first power conversion device, the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection portion.
In addition, in another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a power supply device provided in a resident or a facility capable of exchanging electric power with a vehicle having a battery, an electric motor, a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the electric motor, converting an output of the battery into an alternating current to drive the electric motor, and a power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the electric motor,
The power supply device comprises:
is electrically connected to each of the electric load, the electric power connection portion and a predetermined power source of the house or the facility,
Supplying an alternating current of the predetermined power source to the power line through the power connection portion, thereby charging the storage battery with the power of the predetermined power source,
The ac supplied from the power line through the power connection portion is supplied to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a power conversion device mounted on a vehicle having a battery, a motor, and a power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor, the power conversion device being electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and converting direct current of the battery into alternating current to drive the motor,
The power conversion device:
The power connection unit converts ac supplied from a predetermined power source outside the vehicle to the power line into dc and outputs the dc to the storage battery, thereby charging the storage battery with the power of the predetermined power source,
The output of the battery is converted into ac and output to the armature side, and the ac is supplied to an electric load of a house or a facility through the neutral point, the power line, and the power connection portion, whereby the electric power of the battery is discharged to the electric load.
Further, in still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a control device that is a control device of an electric power system including: a battery mounted on the vehicle; an electric motor mounted on the vehicle; a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and configured to convert an output of the battery into an ac power to drive the motor; a power line provided in the vehicle and extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor; a power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; a power connection unit that connects the power supply unit and the power line to each other so as to be capable of exchanging power; and a power supply device provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of the electric load of the house or the facility, the electric power connection unit, and a predetermined power supply,
The control device:
controlling the power supply device to supply the alternating current of the prescribed power source to the power line through the power connection portion, and controlling the power conversion device to convert the alternating current supplied to the power line into direct current and output the direct current to the storage battery, thereby charging the storage battery with the electric power of the prescribed power source,
The power conversion means is controlled to convert the output of the battery into an alternating current and output to the armature side, supplied to the power supply unit through the neutral point, the power line, and the power connection portion, and the power supply means is controlled to supply the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
< Effect of the invention >
According to the above embodiment, the power can be exchanged between the vehicle on which the battery is mounted and the house or the like with a simpler structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a first example of an electric power system.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of a circuit configuration related to electric power exchange between a power supply unit of a house and an electric vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a second example of a circuit configuration related to the exchange of electric power between a power supply unit of a house and an electric vehicle.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a second example of the power system.
Fig. 5 is a third example showing a circuit configuration related to electric power exchange between a power supply unit of a house and an electric vehicle.
Fig. 6 is a fourth example of a circuit configuration related to electric power exchange between a power supply unit of a house and an electric vehicle.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Electric power system
10. Power unit
11. Power transmission unit
12. 12A, 12B power distribution unit
20. Power supply unit
21. Solar generator
21A solar panel
21B power regulator
22. Electric load
23. Power supply device
23A switch
23B isolation transformer
23C filter capacitor
23D switch
23E switch
23F DC isolation capacitor
23G power conversion device
23H power transmission and reception device
24 EMS
25. Charging and discharging cable
25L, 25N power line
40. Electric vehicle
41. High-voltage battery
42. Motor with a motor housing having a motor housing with a motor housing
42A armature
42U U phase coil
42V V phase coil
42W W phase coil
43. Inverter device
43A smoothing circuit
43B inverter circuit
43C, 43c1, 43c2 smoothing capacitor
43D flywheel diode
43DC direct current link
43N negative line
43NP neutral point
43P positive line
43Sw semiconductor switch
44 ECU
45. Charging and discharging port
47. Switch
48. Power transmitting/receiving device
49. DC isolation capacitor
HM house
PC power connection part
PL21 to PL25 power lines
PL22L, PL N power line
PL41 to PL45 power lines
PL42u U phase line
PL42v V phase line
PL42w W phase line
WPS contactless power supply device.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
[ First example of electric Power System ]
A first example of the power system 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power system 1. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of a circuit configuration related to the electric power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a second example of a circuit configuration related to the exchange of electric power between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40.
In fig. 1, for convenience, a state is depicted in which the electric vehicle 40 is electrically connected to both the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the quick charger 30, but in general, the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 is electrically connected to only one of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the quick charger 30.
Summary of Power System
With reference to fig. 1, an outline of a power system 1 is described.
As shown in fig. 1, the power system 1 according to the present embodiment includes a power unit 10, a power supply unit 20, a quick charger 30, and an electric vehicle 40.
The power unit 10 generates, transmits, and changes electric power, and distributes electric power to a consumer.
The power supply unit 20 is installed in the house HM, and exchanges power between the power unit 10 and the outside of the house HM such as the electric vehicle 40, and distributes power to the house HM. The house HM may be, for example, a free-standing house or a centralized house.
The power supply unit 20 may be installed in some facilities, and may exchange electric power with the outside of the facilities such as the power unit 10 and the electric vehicle 40, and may perform electric power distribution in the facilities. The same applies to a second example described below.
The quick charger 30 is electrically connected to the electric vehicle 40 via a charging cable 31, and performs so-called quick charging of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 by direct-current power supply of a relatively high voltage (for example, 350V (volt)).
The electric vehicle 40 is a vehicle that is equipped with a high-voltage battery 41 and that runs by driving a drive wheel with power of the motor 42 by driving the motor 42 as a prime mover with electric power of the high-voltage battery 41. The electric vehicle 40 is, for example, a BEV (Battery ELECTRIC VEHICLE: battery electric vehicle), HEV (Hybrid ELECTRIC VEHICLE: hybrid vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid ELECTRIC VEHICLE: plug-in Hybrid vehicle), FCV (Fuel CELL VEHICLE: fuel cell vehicle), or the like. The electric vehicle 40 may be electrically connected to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM through the charge-discharge cable 25. Thus, the electric vehicle 40 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by converting ac supplied from the power supply unit 20 into dc, or discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 into ac to discharge the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
The electric vehicle 40 is sometimes parked in a parking space adjacent to the house HM. The electric vehicle 40 is, for example, a private car used by an occupant of the house HM. The electric vehicle 40 may be a vehicle for vehicle sharing (CAR SHARING) provided in a parking space adjacent to the house HM. In a state where the electric vehicle 40 is parked in the parking space of the house HM, a connector provided at the tip of the charge/discharge cable 25 in the house HM is connected to the charge/discharge port 45 of the electric vehicle 40 by a user of the electric vehicle 40 or an occupant of the house HM, and is electrically connected to the power supply unit 20. Thereby, the power system 1 can exchange electric power between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 through the charge-discharge cable 25. Hereinafter, in this specification, a description will be given mainly of a case where the electric vehicle 40 is parked in a parking space of the house HM.
The electric vehicle 40 may omit the quick charge function using the quick charger 30. The same applies to a second example described below.
Structure of electric Power System
Next, the structure of the power system 1 will be described with reference to fig. 2 and 3 in addition to fig. 1.
Structure of electric Power System
The power system includes a power transmission unit 11 and a power distribution unit 12.
The power transmission unit 11 transmits ac power. The power distribution unit 12 branches from the power transmission unit 11, and distributes the ac power transmitted by the power transmission unit 11 to the consumers. The power distribution unit 12 includes power distribution units 12A, 12B.
The power distribution unit 12A distributes power to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. For example, the power distribution unit 12A distributes 200V (volt) of single-phase alternating current to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by a single-phase 3-wire system.
The power distribution unit 12B distributes power to the quick charger 30. For example, the power distribution unit 12B distributes 200V three-phase ac to the quick charger 30 by a three-phase 3-wire method.
Structure of residential Power Unit
The power supply unit 20 of the house HM includes power lines PL21 to PL25, a solar generator 21, an electric load 22, a power supply device 23, an EMS (ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: energy management system) 24, and a charge/discharge cable 25.
Power lines PL21 to PL25 are ac power lines. One end of power line PL21 is connected to power distribution unit 12A, and the other end is connected to power line PL22 and power line PL23. One end of power line PL22 is connected to the base end of charge-discharge cable 25, and the other end is connected to power lines PL21 and PL23. One end of power line PL23 is connected to power lines PL21 and PL22, and the other end is connected to a plurality of power lines PL25 via a switch 23E. One end of the power line PL24 is connected to the power distribution unit 12A, and the other end is connected to a plurality of power lines PL25 via a switch 23E. Power line PL25 supplies electric power supplied from power line PL23 or PL24 to electric load 22 via switch 23E.
The solar power generator 21 includes a solar panel 21A and a power conditioner (PCS: power Conditioning System) 21B.
The solar panel 21A converts solar energy into electric energy and outputs the electric energy. The PCS21B converts the dc output of the solar panel 21A into ac and outputs the ac to the power line PL23. At this time, the PCS21B operates to search for an optimum operation point by a known MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking: maximum power point tracking) method, for example, and can efficiently extract power from the solar panel 21A.
For example, the solar generator 21 may supply electric power from the power line PL23 to the electric load 22 through the power line PL 25. The solar power generator 21 may be connected to the power unit 10 through the power line PL21 from the power line PL23, and may supply electric power to the power unit 10. The solar power generator 21 may supply electric power from the power line PL23 to the electric vehicle 40 through the power line PL22 and the charge/discharge cable 25.
The solar power generator 21 may be omitted. The same applies to a second example described below. In addition, a power source that replaces the solar power generator or other power sources than the solar power generator 21 may be provided in the house HM. Other power sources are, for example, fuel cells, gas engines, gas turbines, etc. generators using prime movers. The other power source may also be a power source from other types of renewable energy sources, such as a wind generator or a geothermal generator. The same applies to a second example described below.
The electric load 22 operates by the ac of the power line PL 25. The electric load 22 may include, for example, at least one of an electric load electrically connected so as to be fixed to the power line PL25 and an electric load of a receptacle electrically connected so as to be detachable to the front end of the power line PL 25.
The power supply device 23 is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 12A, the charge/discharge cable 25, and the electric load 22 via the power lines PL21 to PL25, and exchanges electric power inside the power supply unit 20 and between the power supply unit 20 and the outside. The power supply device 23 includes a switch 23A, an isolation transformer 23B, a filter capacitor 23C, a switch 23D, and a switch 23E.
Switch 23A is provided on power line PL21. The switch 23A is configured to be able to electrically open and close the power line PL21 under control of the EMS24. Thus, the power supply unit 20 of the house HM can switch between a state of electrical connection and a state of disconnection between the power distribution unit 12A and the power lines PL22, PL 23.
Isolation transformer 23B is a transformer provided on power line PL22 and isolated between the charge/discharge cable 25 side of power line PL22 and power lines PL21 and PL23 side to exchange ac power.
Filter capacitor 23C is provided between isolation transformer 23B and charge-discharge cable 25 on power line PL 22. The filter capacitor 23C removes a high-frequency component of the output current of the inverter device 43 of the electric vehicle 40. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present invention is disposed on a power line connecting two power lines PL22L, PL N constituting the power line PL 22. Thus, the filter capacitor 23C does not need to be provided in the electric vehicle 40, and an increase in cost and weight of the electric vehicle 40 can be suppressed.
Switch 23D is provided between isolation transformer 23B and charge/discharge cable 25 of power line PL22, and is configured to be able to electrically open and close power line PL22 under control of EMS 24. For example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the switch 23D is provided on the power line PL 22L. Thus, the EMS24 can switch between the electric connection state and the disconnection state between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40 by switching the switch 23D on and off.
The functions of the filter capacitor 23C and the switch 23D may be provided in the electric vehicle 40. For example, a filter capacitor similar to filter capacitor 23C may be provided on a power line connecting power lines PL43 and PL44 of electric vehicle 40. The same switch as the switch 23D may be provided on the power line PL43 of the electric vehicle 40.
A switch 23E is provided on each of the plurality of power lines PL 25. Switch 23E is configured to be switchable between a state in which power line PL25 is electrically connected to power line PL23 and a state in which power line PL25 is electrically connected to power line PL24 under control of EMS 24. Thus, when electric power is supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20, the switch 23E can be selectively switched between a state in which electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 is supplied to the electric load 22 via the power lines PL22, PL23 and a state in which electric power from the power distribution unit 12A is supplied to the electric load 22 via the power line PL24, on the condition that the switch 23A is in the off state.
Note that, only a part of power lines PL25 of the plurality of power lines PL25 may be provided with the switch 23E. In this case, power line PL25 to which switch 23E is not provided is connected to power line PL23. Thus, the power supply unit 20 can be fixed such that, when power is supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20, power from the high-voltage battery 41 is supplied to the electric load 22 connected to the power line PL25 where the switch 23E is not provided, out of the plurality of electric loads 22. The same applies to the second example described below. Further, all portions of the switch 23E itself may be omitted. In this case, all of power lines PL25 may be connected to power line PL23, and power line PL24 may be omitted. The same applies to a second example described below.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the power supply device 23 may include a dc blocking capacitor 23F. Dc blocking capacitor 23F is provided on power line PL22N between power line 25N of charge/discharge cable 25 and blocking transformer 23B.
The EMS24 performs control related to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
The functions of the EMS24 may be implemented by any hardware or any combination of hardware and software, etc. For example, the EMS24 is configured mainly by a computer including a CPU (central processing unit), a storage device, an auxiliary storage device, and an interface device. Thus, the EMS24 may implement various functions by loading a program installed in the auxiliary storage device into the storage device and executing it by the CPU. The memory device is, for example, SRAM (static random access memory) or DRAM (dynamic random access memory). The auxiliary storage device is, for example, an HDD (hard disk drive), an SSD (solid state drive), an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), a flash memory, or the like. The interface means includes, for example, an external interface connected to the recording medium and a communication interface for communicating with the outside. Thus, for example, the EMS24 may install a program or data required for processing from the recording medium into the auxiliary storage device through an external interface. Further, the EMS24 can communicate with various devices (e.g., switches 23A, 23D, 23E, etc.) of the power supply unit 20 of the home HM or devices (e.g., ECU 44 of the electric vehicle 40) external to the power supply unit 20 of the home HM through a communication interface. Further, for example, the EMS24 may download a program or data required for processing from an external device using a communication interface, and install it in the auxiliary storage device.
In this example, the EMS24 cooperates with the ECU 44 by bidirectional communication with the ECU 44 of the electric vehicle 40, and performs control related to electric power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40. The communication between the EMS24 and the ECU 44 may be performed by wire using, for example, the charge/discharge cable 25 as a transmission path, or may be performed wirelessly by predetermined short-range communication such as bluetooth (registered trademark) or WiFi.
For example, when power is supplied from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 transmits a command to the ECU 44 to appropriately operate the inverter device 43 of the electric vehicle 40 to convert ac from the power supply unit 20 into dc. Thereby, the EMS24 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the electric power from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by controlling the inverter device 43 by the ECU 44. The electric power supplied from the power supply unit 20 to the electric vehicle 40 may be generated electric power of the solar power generator 21, electric power from the power distribution unit 12A, or both electric power. The EMS24 turns off the switch 23A when power is supplied from the power supply unit 20 to the electric vehicle 40 using only the generated power of the solar power generator 21.
When discharging from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, the EMS24 sends a command to the ECU 44 to appropriately operate the inverter device 43 of the electric vehicle 40 so as to convert the output of the high-voltage battery 41 into ac. In this way, the EMS24 can supply power from the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by controlling the inverter device 43 by the ECU 44 and discharging the power of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
The EMS24 turns off the switch 23D when no power is exchanged between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40. Thus, for example, even in a state where the connector at the tip end of the charge/discharge cable 25 is connected to the charge/discharge port 45 of the electric vehicle 40, the exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40 can be inhibited.
The EMS24 turns off the switch 23A when discharging the power supply unit 20 of the house HM from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40. Thereby, the EMS24 can prohibit the connection of the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 and the power unit 10 via the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Therefore, the electric power system 1 can realize power supply from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM using the inverter device 43 of the electric vehicle 40 that is difficult to satisfy the connection requirements for the electric power unit 10.
When discharging from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, the EMS24 causes some of the plurality of switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL23 and PL25, and causes the other switches to be connected between the power lines PL24 and PL 25. Thus, when power is supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, the EMS24 can limit the electric load 22 whose supply target is a part. Therefore, even in the case where the supply of electric power to all the electric loads 22 cannot be supplied by the electric power supplied from the high-voltage battery 41, the EMS24 can supply the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to a part of the electric loads 22 and supply the electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the remaining electric loads 22. Further, the connection destination of electric load 22 can be switched between power lines PL23, PL24 alternatively by switch 23E. Accordingly, the EMS24 enables power supply from the power distribution unit 12A to the remaining electrical loads 22 while avoiding connection of the electric vehicle 40 to the power unit 10. A part of the switch 23E in a state of being connected between the power lines PL23, PL25 may be fixed in advance, or may be variable by a setting operation of an occupant of the house HM or the like. Further, as described above, switch 23E may be provided on only a part of power lines PL25 among the plurality of power lines PL25, and power lines PL25 on which switch 23E is not provided are connected to power lines PL 23. At this time, when discharging from the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, the EMS24 may set a part of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL23 and PL25, and set the rest of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL24 and PL25, or set all of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL24 and PL25, as in the above.
The EMS24 may also grasp the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 by communicating with the PCS21B of the solar power generator 21 through a transmission path such as a one-to-one communication line, and charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the surplus power. Specifically, the EMS24 can check the power storage ratio of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 when the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 is generated or when the surplus power is likely to be generated. Further, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference, it may be determined that the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 can be received, and the inverter device 43 may be controlled via the ECU 44 to charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the surplus power of the solar power generator 21. The fact that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference may mean that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is equal to or lower than the predetermined reference, or may mean that the power storage rate is lower than the predetermined reference.
The surplus power of the solar power generator 21 corresponds to, for example, a portion of the power that the solar power generator 21 can output that exceeds the total of the power consumption of the electric load 22 and the power that can be output from the solar power generator 21 to the power unit 10. For example, during the daytime in which the amount of power generation of the solar power generator including the solar power generator 21 connected to the power unit 10 is relatively large, the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 is generated in response to an output suppression instruction to the solar power generator 21 from the concentrator or the like due to system congestion. The system congestion means a situation in which the load of the power unit 10 becomes extremely high, for example, the idle of the power transmission capacity becomes extremely small in at least a part of the power transmission unit 11 due to an increase in the power supply amount from the power source such as the solar power generator connected to the power unit 10 through the connection line. In addition, in the daytime when the power generation amount of the solar power generator 21 increases, if the time rate of change (output rate of change) of the output of the solar power generator 21 exceeds the upper limit value defined by the connection element with the power unit 10, surplus power of the solar power generator 21 is generated.
The EMS24 may grasp the insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 and discharge the power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to supplement the insufficient power. Specifically, the EMS24 can grasp the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 when insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 is generated or when there is a possibility of generation. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the power of the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and control the inverter device 43 by the ECU 44 to discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. The fact that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference may mean that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is equal to or higher than the predetermined reference, or that the power storage rate exceeds the predetermined reference. As a result, the power system 1 can supplement a part or all of the insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 with the power of the high-voltage battery 41, and as a result, the amount of power used for the power unit 10 by the power supply unit 20 of the house HM can be suppressed.
The insufficient electric power of the solar power generator 21 corresponds to, for example, a part of the consumed electric power of the electric load 22 that exceeds the electric power that the solar power generator 21 can output. For example, at night when the power generation amount of the solar power generator 21 is zero and the power consumption amount of the electric load 22 increases, insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 is generated.
In this way, the EMS24 can cooperate with the ECU 44 of the electric vehicle 40 to absorb the output fluctuation of the solar power generator 21 into the high-voltage battery 41. Therefore, the EMS24 can effectively use the energy of the solar power generator 21. Further, for example, when the use of the electric vehicle 40 is limited to a holiday, the electric vehicle 40 may be parked in a parking space of the house HM and connected to the power supply unit 20 via the charge/discharge cable 25 for a long period of time. In this case, for example, the capacity of the storage battery provided in the house HM for absorbing the output fluctuation of the solar power generator 21 can be made relatively small, and as a result, the equipment investment in the house HM can be suppressed.
Further, there are cases where dynamic pricing is employed for the supply of power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20. Dynamic pricing is a system that changes the cost of power supplied from the power unit 10 according to the supply and demand conditions of the power in the power unit 10. In this case, the EMS24 may control the power exchange between the power supply unit 20 and the high-voltage battery 41 according to the variation in the electric charge for the power supply from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20. For example, the EMS24 can grasp the electricity fee for the supply of the electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 by communicating with the wholesale power exchange via a transmission path such as an internet line. The wholesale power exchange is JPEX (Japan Electric Power Exchange: japanese power exchange), for example. For example, when the electric charge for supplying electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is relatively low with respect to a predetermined reference, the EMS24 can check the power storage ratio of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44. The electric charge being relatively low with respect to the predetermined reference may be the electric charge being equal to or less than the predetermined reference, or the electric charge being lower than the predetermined reference. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 can be received, and control the inverter device 43 via the ECU 44, so that the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 is charged with the power supplied from the power distribution unit 12A via the power supply unit 20. On the other hand, the EMS24 can check the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 when the electric charge for the electric power supply from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is not relatively low with respect to the predetermined reference, that is, when it is relatively high with respect to the predetermined reference. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and control the inverter device 43 via the ECU 44, thereby discharging the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Thus, the EMS24 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 with the electric power from the power distribution unit 12A when the electric power rate of the power unit 10 is relatively low, and can discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 when the electric power rate of the power unit 10 is relatively high. Therefore, the EMS24 can suppress the cost caused by using the electric power supplied from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20.
In this way, the EMS24 absorbs the fluctuation of the electric charge supplied from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 by using the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, and can suppress the cost of the electric power consumed by the electric load 22 of the power supply unit 20.
The EMS24 may discharge power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM when the supply of power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is stopped, that is, when power is interrupted. At this time, the EMS24 may switch the switch 23A to the off state in response to the occurrence of the power outage. The same applies to a second example described below. Accordingly, the EMS24 can electrically disconnect the power distribution unit 12A from the power supply unit 20 at the time of power outage so that the power supply unit 20 is not affected by an influence (for example, an influence of a short-circuit accident or the like) from the power supply unit related to the power outage. Specifically, the EMS24 can grasp the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 at the time of power failure. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and control the inverter device 43 via the ECU 44, so that the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 is discharged to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. In this way, the EMS24 can discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 at the time of power outage to operate the electric load 22 of the house HM. Accordingly, the resident of the house HM can continue to use the electric load 22 with the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 for at least a part of the period before the power outage resumes.
The EMS24 may discharge electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, when the generated power of the solar power generator 21 is relatively small with respect to a predetermined reference at the time of power failure. In this way, the EMS24 can suppress a decrease in the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 at the time of power outage, and can make the period of time longer in which the resident of the house HM can continue to use the electric load 22 with the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41.
In addition, the EMS24 may be configured to connect some of the plurality of switches 23E to the power lines PL23 and PL25 at the time of power failure, and to connect the other switches to the power lines PL24 and PL25, and then discharge the power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Thus, the EMS24 limits the supply target of the electric power supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to a part of the electric loads 22, and can exclude the remaining electric loads 22 as the supply target. Therefore, the EMS24 can suppress a decrease in the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 at the time of power outage, and can make a period longer in which an occupant of the house HM can continue to use the electric load 22 with the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41. At the time of power failure, a part of the switch 23E in a state of being connected between the power lines PL23, PL25 may be fixed in advance, or may be variable by a setting operation of an occupant living in the HM. The same applies to a second example described below. As described above, switch 23E may be provided on only a part of power lines PL25 among the plurality of power lines PL25, and power lines PL25 where switch 23E is not provided are connected to power lines PL 23. In this case, when EMS24 discharges from high-voltage battery 41 to power supply unit 20 at the time of power failure, as described above, some of switches 23E may be connected between power lines PL23 and PL25, the rest of switches 23E may be connected between power lines PL24 and PL25, or all of switches 23E may be connected between power lines PL24 and PL 25. The following applies to a second example described below. When discharging from the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20, the switch 23E to be connected between the power lines PL23 and PL25 may be the same or different in normal cases and at the time of power failure. The same applies to a second example described below.
In this way, the EMS24 can effectively use the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 as an emergency power source for the power supply unit 20 of the house HM at the time of power outage.
The charge/discharge cable 25 is provided with its base end connected to the power line PL22, and extends from the power line PL 22. A connector that can be electrically connected to the charge/discharge port 45 of the electric vehicle 40 is provided at the tip of the charge/discharge cable 25. The charge/discharge cable 25 functions as a power connection portion PC for connecting the power supply unit 20 and the electric vehicle 40 to each other so as to be able to exchange power together with a charge/discharge port 45 provided in the electric vehicle 40. Accordingly, the connector at the tip of the charge/discharge cable 25 is connected to the charge/discharge port 45, and the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 can be electrically connected to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the charge/discharge cable 25 includes two power lines 25L and 25N provided to extend from the two power lines PL22L, PL N, respectively.
Structure of fast charger
The quick charger 30 is configured to convert the ac power distributed from the power distribution unit 12B into a dc power having a relatively high voltage and output the dc power. The quick charger 30 includes a charging cable 31.
The charging cable 31 is provided to extend from the main body of the quick charger 30. A connector that can be electrically connected to the charging port 46 of the electric vehicle 40 is provided at the front end of the charging cable 31. Thus, by connecting the connector at the tip of the charging cable 31 to the charging port 46, the quick charger 30 can be connected to the dc power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40. Therefore, the quick charger 30 can supply power to the dc power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 through the charging cable 31, and quickly charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40.
Structure of electric vehicle
The electric vehicle 40 includes power lines PL41 to PL45, a high-voltage battery 41, a motor 42, an inverter device 43, an ECU (electronic control unit) 44, a charge/discharge port 45, and a charge port 46.
The power line PL41 is a direct-current power line connecting the power battery 41 and the inverter device 43.
Power line PL42 is an ac power line connecting inverter device 43 and motor 42. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, power line PL42 includes U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V, and W-phase line PL42W of three-phase ac.
Power line PL43 is an ac power line connecting motor 42 and charge/discharge port 45. Specifically, the power line PL43 is connected between a neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A of the motor 42 and the charge/discharge port 45. In a state where the charge/discharge port 45 is connected to the connector at the distal end of the charge/discharge cable 25, the power line PL43 is connected to the power line 25L of the charge/discharge cable 25.
Power line PL44 is a reference potential line connecting charge/discharge port 45 and DC link 43DC of inverter device 43. In a state where the charge/discharge port 45 is connected to the connector at the distal end of the charge/discharge cable 25, the power line PL44 is connected to the power line 25N of the charge/discharge cable 25.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, power line PL44 is connected to power line PL44 via power line 25N of charge/discharge cable 25. A dc blocking capacitor 23F is provided on the power line PL22N of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. As a result, when power exchange occurs between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40, a direct-current component can be removed from the alternating current generated at the neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A between the power line PL44, and a single-phase alternating-current voltage free from the direct-current component can be generated. Further, by providing the dc blocking capacitor 23F in the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, an increase in cost and weight of the electric vehicle 40 can be suppressed.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the power line PL44 may be connected to the intermediate point of the smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2 balanced in the direct-current link 43 DC. Thus, the smoothing capacitors 43c1 and 43c2 can function similarly to the dc blocking capacitor 23F. Therefore, an increase in cost and weight of the electric vehicle 40 can be suppressed, and the cost of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 as a whole can be suppressed.
Power line PL45 is a direct current power line connecting high-voltage battery 41 and charging port 46.
The high-voltage battery 41 is a battery having a relatively high output voltage (for example, several hundred volts). The high-voltage battery 41 is, for example, a liquid-type lithium ion battery. The high-voltage battery 41 may be an all-solid-state battery. The high-voltage battery 41 is provided with sensors capable of measuring various states of the high-voltage battery 41, such as current, voltage, and temperature. The output of the sensor mounted on the high-voltage battery 41 is taken into the ECU 44 through a one-to-one communication line, a CAN (controller area network), an in-vehicle ethernet, or the like.
The electric motor 42 is a prime mover that drives driving wheels of the electric vehicle 40. The motor 42 is driven by three-phase alternating current supplied from an inverter device 43. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the motor 42 includes an armature 42A as a stator, and the armature 42A includes a U-phase coil 42U, a V-phase coil 42V, and a W-phase coil 42W connected by Y-wiring.
Inverter device 43 converts a direct current supplied from high-voltage battery 41 through power line PL41 into a three-phase alternating current of a predetermined voltage and a predetermined frequency, and outputs the three-phase alternating current to power line PL42, thereby driving motor 42. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inverter device 43 includes a smoothing circuit 43A and an inverter circuit 43B. Further, the inverter device 43 is mounted with sensors capable of measuring various states of the inverter device 43, such as current, voltage, and temperature. The outputs of the sensors mounted on the inverter device 43 are taken into the ECU 44 via a one-to-one communication line, a CAN (controller area network), an in-vehicle ethernet, or the like.
The smoothing circuit 43A suppresses the ripple of the dc output from the high-voltage battery 41 or the dc output from the inverter circuit 43B, and performs smoothing. The smoothing circuit 43A includes a smoothing capacitor 43c of the direct current link 43 DC. For example, as shown in fig. 2, a smoothing capacitor 43c is provided on the power line between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N of the direct-current link 43 DC. The smoothing capacitor 43c may be constituted by one capacitor or a plurality of capacitors. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the smoothing capacitor 43c includes a plurality of (two in this example) smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2 connected in series between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N. As described above, the same function as that of the dc blocking capacitor can be achieved by connecting one end of the power line PL44 to the intermediate point between two smoothing capacitors connected in series so as to be adjacent to each other among the plurality of smoothing capacitors. Further, for example, even if a short-circuit failure occurs in a part of the plurality of capacitors connected in series between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N, the smoothing capacitor 43c, which is a series connection body of the plurality of capacitors, can avoid a fatal failure. Thus, the inverter device 43 can continue to operate despite the possibility of some restrictions.
Inverter circuit 43B has one end connected to positive line 43P and negative line 43N of DC link 43DC, and the other end connected to U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V, and W-phase line PL42W of three-phase ac power line PL 42.
For example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inverter circuit 43B includes six semiconductor switches 43sw. The semiconductor switch 43sw is, for example, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), a HEMT (high electron mobility transistor), or the like. For example, the semiconductor switch 43sw includes Silicon (Si) as a main material. The semiconductor switch 43sw may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor material as a main material. The wide band gap semiconductor material is, for example, silicon Carbide (SiC), gallium Nitride (GaN), gallium Oxide (Ga 2O3), carbon (diamond: C), or the like. Specifically, the inverter circuit 43B includes a bridge circuit in which three sets of switching branches (SWITCH LEG) formed by connecting two semiconductor switches 43sw constituting upper and lower arms in series are connected in parallel between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N. U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V and W-phase line PL42W are led out from intermediate points of three sets of upper and lower arms of the bridge circuit, and are connected to U-phase coil 42U, V-phase coil 42V and W-phase coil 42W of armature 42A, respectively. Further, six semiconductor switches 43sw may be connected in parallel with the flywheel diodes 43d, respectively.
The inverter device 43 may be a three-level or more multi-level system instead of the two-level system. The same applies to a second example described below. At this time, in order to divide the voltage of the DC link 43DC of the inverter device 43 into a plurality of (in the case of three levels, into two parts), a plurality of (in the case of three levels, two) capacitors for voltage division are arranged in series between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N. For example, in the case of the multi-level inverter device 43, the power line PL44 may be connected at an intermediate point between two capacitors arranged in series between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N of the inverter device 43. This causes the same operation and effect as those in the case where the power line PL44 is connected to the intermediate point between the smoothing capacitors 43c1 and 43c2 (see fig. 3).
When the electric vehicle 40 is running, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into the alternating current and outputs the alternating current to the power line PL42, or converts the alternating current of the power line PL42 into the direct current and outputs the direct current to the direct current link 43DC by the switching operation of the semiconductor switch 43sw under the control of the ECU 44.
For example, when the electric vehicle 40 is traveling, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current supplied from the direct current link 43DC into three-phase alternating current having a predetermined frequency or a predetermined voltage, and outputs the three-phase alternating current to the motor 42. Thereby, inverter device 43 can drive motor 42 to drive electric vehicle 40. When the electric vehicle 40 decelerates, the inverter circuit 43B converts the generated ac power of the armature 42A into DC power according to the regenerative operation of the motor 42, and outputs the DC power to the DC link 43DC. As a result, the inverter device 43 can output the kinetic energy of the electric vehicle 40 during traveling as electric energy (regenerative energy) to the DC link 43DC to charge the high-voltage battery 41, and can cause the electric vehicle 40 to generate braking force by regeneration.
When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into alternating current, and supplies the alternating current to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM through the neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A, the power line PL42, and the charge/discharge cable 25. When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the state in which the electric vehicle 40 cannot travel is meant, for example, a state in which the auxiliary power supply of the electric vehicle 40 is turned OFF (ACC-OFF), or a state in which the ignition power supply of the electric vehicle 40 is turned OFF (IG-OFF). Accordingly, the inverter device 43 can convert the output of the high-voltage battery 41 into ac and supply the ac to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, and therefore the power supply unit 20 of the house HM can operate the electric load 22 by using the ac from the electric vehicle 40. When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the inverter circuit 43B converts ac supplied through the charge/discharge cable 25, the power line PL42, and the neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A into DC and outputs the DC to the DC link 43DC. Thereby, the inverter device 43 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by ac power supply.
In this way, in the present example, the power system 1 uses the inverter device 43 to charge the high-voltage battery 41 by ac power supply from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, or to discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 from the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Therefore, there is no need to provide an additional power conversion device for performing power conversion between the direct current of the high-voltage battery 41 and the alternating current of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, so that the structure relating to the power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40 can be simplified. Further, since an additional power conversion device is not required, the initial investment related to the power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40 can be suppressed.
The ECU 44 is a control device of the electric vehicle 40. The ECU 44 mounted on the electric vehicle 40 may be one or a plurality of ECUs. The same applies to a second example described below.
The function of the ECU 44 is implemented by, for example, arbitrary hardware or a combination of arbitrary hardware and software. For example, the ECU 44 is mainly constituted by a computer including a CPU, a storage device, an auxiliary storage device, and an interface device. Thus, the ECU 44 can realize various functions by loading the program installed in the auxiliary storage device into the storage device and executing it by the CPU. The memory device is, for example, an SRAM. Auxiliary storage device example such as EEPROM or flash memory, etc. The interface device includes, for example, an external interface connected to the recording medium and a communication interface for communicating with the outside. Thus, for example, the ECU 44 may install a program or data required for processing from the recording medium into the auxiliary storage device through the external interface. Further, the ECU 44 can communicate with various devices of the electric vehicle 40 (for example, the high-voltage battery 41 or the inverter device 43, etc.) and devices external to the electric vehicle 40 (for example, the EMS 24) through a communication interface. Further, for example, the ECU 44 may download a program or data required for processing from an external device using a communication interface, and install it in the auxiliary storage device.
For example, when the electric vehicle 40 is running, the ECU 44 outputs a control command to the inverter device 43, and the inverter device 43 performs drive control of the motor 42. The operation of the electric vehicle 40 means a state in which the electric vehicle 40 can travel, and is, for example, a state in which an ignition power source (IG-ON) of the electric vehicle 40 is turned ON. At this time, the ECU 44 may perform drive control of the motor 42 in response to an operation of a steering wheel, an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, or the like by a driver of the electric vehicle 40, or may perform drive control of the motor 42 in response to a host command corresponding to so-called automatic driving. The same applies to a second example described below.
When electric vehicle 40 is stopped, ECU 44 controls inverter device 43 to convert ac on power lines PL43, PL42 into DC and outputs the DC to DC link 43DC under the control of EMS 24. Thus, the ECU 44 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by ac power supply from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM according to the instruction of the EMS 24.
When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the ECU 44 controls the inverter device 43 to convert the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into alternating current and outputs the alternating current to the power lines PL42 and PL43 under the control of the EMS 24. Thus, the ECU 44 can discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM in accordance with the instruction of the EMS 24.
The ECU 44 transmits information of the sensor mounted on the high-voltage battery 41 and the sensor mounted on the inverter device 43 to the EMS24. This allows the upper EMS24 to grasp the states of the high-voltage battery 41 and the inverter device 43.
The charge/discharge port 45 is provided on the main body surface of the electric vehicle 40, and is configured to be connectable to a connector at the front end of the charge/discharge cable 25 extending from the house HM. For example, the charge/discharge port 45 is normally covered with an openable and closable cover member or the like, and is exposed to the outside by an operation of a user of the electric vehicle 40 or an occupant of the house HM or by automatically opening the cover member when the vehicle is parked at the house HM and connected to the connector of the charge/discharge cable 25.
The charging port 46 is provided on the main body surface of the electric vehicle 40, and is configured to be connectable to a connector at the tip of the charging cable 31 extending from the quick charger 30, similarly to the charging/discharging port 45. For example, the charging port 46 is normally covered with an openable and closable cover member or the like, and is exposed to the outside by a user's operation or automatic opening of the cover member when the electric vehicle 40 is parked near the quick charger 30 and coupled with the connector of the charging cable 31.
The charge/discharge port 45 and the charge port 46 may be disposed adjacently so as to be covered by the same cover member, or may be disposed so as to be covered by different cover members at different positions.
< Action >
Next, the functions of the power system, the power supply device, the power conversion device, and the control device according to the present example are explained.
In this embodiment, the power system includes a battery, a motor, a power conversion device, a first power line, a power supply unit, and a power connection portion. The power system is, for example, the power system 1 described above. The battery is, for example, the high-voltage battery 41 described above. The motor is, for example, the motor 42 described above. The power conversion device is, for example, the inverter device 43 described above. The first power line is, for example, the power line PL43 described above. The power supply unit is, for example, the above-described power supply unit 20. The power connection portion is, for example, the above-described power connection portion PC. Specifically, the battery and the motor are mounted on the vehicle. The vehicle is, for example, the electric vehicle 40 described above. The power conversion device is electrically connected to both the battery and the motor in the vehicle, and converts the output of the battery into ac to drive the motor. The first power line extends from a neutral point of an armature of the motor in the vehicle. The neutral point of the armature is, for example, the neutral point 42NP of the armature 42A described above. Furthermore, the power supply unit is provided in a house or a facility. The house or facility is, for example, the house HM described above. The power connection unit connects the power supply unit and the first power line to each other so as to be capable of exchanging power. The battery can be charged with the electric power supplied from the power supply unit through the power conversion device, the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection unit, and can be discharged to the power supply unit.
Specifically, the power connection portion may include: a charge/discharge port provided at a front end of the first power line in the vehicle; and a charge/discharge cable provided to extend from the power supply unit, the front end of the charge/discharge cable being electrically connectable to the charge/discharge port. The charge/discharge port is, for example, the charge/discharge port 45 described above. The charge/discharge cable is, for example, the charge/discharge cable 25 described above.
In this way, the power system can convert the existing power conversion device mounted on the vehicle between the direct current, which is the output of the battery when exchanging power between the vehicle mounted with the battery and the power supply unit such as the house, and the alternating current used in the power supply unit of the house or the facility. Therefore, additional equipment for converting between ac and dc is not required, and the electric power system can exchange electric power between a vehicle and a house or the like with a simpler structure.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power system may include a power supply device. The power supply device is, for example, the power supply device 23 described above. Specifically, the power supply device may be provided in a power supply unit and electrically connected to an electric load of a house or a facility, an electric power connection portion (for example, a charge-discharge cable), and prescribed individual power supplies. The electrical load is, for example, the electrical load 22 described above. The predetermined power source is, for example, the power distribution unit 12A of the power unit 10 or the solar generator 21 described above. In the power system, the power supply device supplies ac of the predetermined power source to the first power line via the power connection unit (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and the power conversion device converts the ac supplied to the first power line into dc and outputs the dc to the battery, whereby the battery can be charged with the power of the predetermined power source. In the electric power system, the power conversion device converts the output of the battery into ac and outputs the ac to the armature side, and the ac is supplied to the power supply unit via the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection unit (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and the power supply device supplies the electric power to the electric load, whereby the electric power of the battery is discharged to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the power supply device is provided in a household or a facility, and can exchange electric power with a vehicle having a battery, an electric motor, a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the electric motor, and a first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the electric motor by converting an output of the battery into an ac to drive the electric motor, through a power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable connectable to a charge/discharge port connected to a front end of the first power line of the vehicle). Specifically, the power supply device is electrically connected to an electric load of a house or a facility, an electric power connection portion (for example, a charge-discharge cable), and a prescribed power source, respectively. The power supply device supplies ac from a predetermined power source to the first power line via a power connection unit (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and charges the battery with the power from the predetermined power source. The power supply device supplies ac power supplied from the first power line to the electric load via the power connection unit (for example, a charge/discharge cable), thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the power conversion device is mounted on a vehicle having a battery, a motor, and a first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor, and is electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and converts direct current of the battery into alternating current to drive the motor. The power conversion device may also be configured to convert ac supplied from a predetermined power source external to the vehicle to dc through a power connection unit (for example, a charge/discharge cable connected to a charge/discharge port connected to the front end of the power line of the vehicle) to output the dc to the battery, thereby charging the battery with the power of the predetermined power source. The power conversion device may convert the output of the battery into ac and output the ac to the armature side, and supply the ac to an electric load of a house or a facility through a neutral point of the armature, a power line, and a power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the control device controls an electric power system including: a battery mounted on the vehicle; a motor mounted on the vehicle; a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and converting the output of the battery into ac to drive the motor; a power line provided in the vehicle and extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor; a power connection unit that connects the power supply unit to a power line of the vehicle so as to be capable of exchanging power; a power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; a power connection portion (for example, a charge-discharge cable provided to extend from the power supply unit and having a front end capable of being electrically connected to a charge-discharge port connected to a front end of a power line of the vehicle); and a power supply device provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of an electric load, an electric power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and a predetermined power supply of the house or the facility. The control device is, for example, an EMS24. Specifically, the control device may control the power supply device to supply ac of a predetermined power source to the power line via the power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and control the power conversion device to convert ac supplied to the power line into dc and output the dc to the battery, thereby charging the battery with the power of the predetermined power source. The control device may control the power conversion device to convert the output of the battery into ac and output the ac to the armature side, supply the ac to the power supply unit via the neutral point of the armature, the power line, and the power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and control the power supply device to supply the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In this way, the electric power system or the like can operate the electric load by charging the battery of the vehicle with electric power of a predetermined power source such as a house or discharging the electric power of the battery of the vehicle to the electric load of the house or the facility.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the power supply unit may be electrically connected to an ac power distribution unit that distributes ac power of the power unit to a house or a facility. The power unit is, for example, the power unit 10 described above. The ac power distribution unit is, for example, the power distribution unit 12A described above. Further, a first switch that can electrically open and close between the ac power distribution unit and the power supply unit may be provided. The first switch is, for example, the switch 23A.
In this way, in the electric power system or the like, for example, when discharging from the battery of the vehicle to the power supply unit of the house or the like through the power conversion device, the connection between the power supply unit on the vehicle side and the power supply unit can be prohibited by turning off the first switch. Therefore, for example, even when it is difficult for the power conversion device to satisfy the connection specification with the power unit, the power exchange between the vehicle and the power unit of the house or the like can be realized using the power conversion device.
In the present embodiment, the power system may further include a filter capacitor that removes a high-frequency component of the output current when the power conversion device converts the output of the battery into ac. The filter capacitor is, for example, the filter capacitor 23C described above.
Thus, the power system and the like can remove the high-frequency component of the current output from the power conversion device to the power supply unit of the house and the like.
In the present embodiment, the filter capacitor may be provided in the power supply unit.
Thus, the electric power system and the like can suppress an increase in weight and cost of the vehicle when electric power exchange between the vehicle and the house and the like is achieved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply unit may include a plurality of load units for supplying power to electric loads of a house or a facility. The plurality of load units are, for example, the plurality of power lines PL25 described above. At least a part of the plurality of load units may be provided with a second switch that is switchable between a state in which the load unit is electrically connected only to one of the charging cable and the predetermined power supply and a state in which the load unit is electrically connected only to the other of the charging cable and the predetermined power supply. For example, the second switch is the switch 23E.
In this way, in the electric power system or the like, for example, when discharging from the battery of the vehicle to the power supply unit of the house or the like, the second switch is brought into a state in which the target load unit is connected to only the predetermined power supply, and it is possible to limit the supply of the electric power from the battery of the vehicle to only a part of the plurality of load units. Therefore, in the electric power system or the like, even when the electric power supply to all the load cells cannot be supplied by the electric power supply from the battery, the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 can be supplied to a part of the load cells, and the electric power from the predetermined power supply can be supplied to the remaining load cells. The second switch is capable of selectively switching the connection destination of the load unit between the battery side and the predetermined power supply side. Therefore, for example, in a case where the predetermined power source is a power unit, in the power system or the like, it is possible to realize power supply from the power unit to the remaining load units while avoiding connection of the vehicle to the power unit.
In the present embodiment, a dc blocking capacitor for removing a dc component (offset component) of the neutral point of the armature may be provided. The dc blocking capacitor is, for example, the dc blocking capacitor 23F described above. Further, for example, by connecting the power line PL44 to the intermediate point of the balanced smoothing capacitors 43c1 and 43c2, the same effect as that of the dc capacitor can be achieved.
In this way, in the electric power system and the like, when electric power is exchanged between the vehicle and the house and the like, a single-phase ac voltage that does not include a dc component at the neutral point of the armature can be generated.
In the present embodiment, a dc blocking capacitor may be provided in the power supply unit. The dc blocking capacitor is, for example, the dc blocking capacitor 23F described above.
Thus, the electric power system and the like can suppress an increase in weight and cost of the vehicle when electric power exchange between the vehicle and the house and the like is achieved.
In the present embodiment, the power conversion device may include a plurality of smoothing capacitors provided between the positive side electric wire and the negative side electric wire of the dc link by being connected in series. The DC link is, for example, the DC link 43DC described above. The positive side electric wire and the negative side electric wire are, for example, the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N described above. The plurality of smoothing capacitors are, for example, smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2. A second power line may be provided, one end of which is connected to a midpoint between two adjacent smoothing capacitors among the plurality of balanced smoothing capacitors, and the other end of which is connected to the charge/discharge port, and which is connected to the power supply unit via a charge/discharge cable. The second power line is, for example, the power line PL44 of fig. 3 described above.
Thus, the circuit configuration including the two smoothing capacitors and the second power line can realize the same function as the dc blocking capacitor. Therefore, the electric power system and the like can suppress an increase in weight and cost of the vehicle when the electric power exchange between the vehicle and the house and the like is achieved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply unit may include a power supply derived from renewable energy. The power source derived from renewable energy sources is, for example, the solar generator 21 described above.
In this way, in the electric power system or the like, for example, when the output of the power source derived from the renewable energy source is relatively large, the electric power can be charged into the battery of the vehicle, and when the output of the power source derived from the renewable energy source is relatively small, the electric power of the battery can be discharged into the power supply unit such as a house. Therefore, the power system and the like can cause the battery of the vehicle to absorb the output fluctuation of the power supply derived from the renewable energy source.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply unit is connected to the power unit. The power unit is, for example, the power unit 10 described above. The secondary battery may be charged with electric power supplied from the power unit via the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the power unit is relatively low, and may be discharged from the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the power unit is relatively high.
Thus, the battery of the vehicle is used in the electric power system or the like, and the fluctuation of the electric charge of the electric power unit based on the dynamic pricing can be absorbed, so that the cost of the electric power consumed by the electric load of the electric power unit of the house or the facility can be suppressed.
[ Second example of Power System ]
An outline of a second example of the power system 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4 to 6.
Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding components as those of the first example, and a description will be given mainly of portions different from those of the first example, and a description of the same or corresponding contents as those of the first example may be omitted.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the power system 1. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a third example of the circuit configuration related to the electric power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a fourth example of a circuit configuration related to the exchange of electric power between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40.
In fig. 4, for convenience, a state is depicted in which the electric vehicle 40 is electrically connected to both the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the quick charger 30, but in general, the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 is electrically connected to only one of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the quick charger 30.
Summary of Power System
With reference to fig. 1, an outline of a power system 1 is described.
As shown in fig. 4, the electric power system 1 according to the present embodiment includes the electric power unit 10, the power supply unit 20, the quick charger 30, and the electric vehicle 40, as in the first example described above.
The power unit 10 generates, transmits, and changes electric power, and distributes the electric power to the consumers, as in the first example.
The power supply unit 20 is installed in the house HM, and performs power exchange with the outside of the house HM such as the power unit 10 and the electric vehicle 40, and power distribution of the power in the house HM, as in the first example.
The quick charger 30 is electrically connected to the electric vehicle 40 through the charging cable 31, and performs so-called quick charging of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 by dc power supply of a relatively high voltage, as in the first example.
The electric vehicle 40 is a vehicle in which a high-voltage battery 41 is mounted, and an electric motor 42 as a prime mover is driven by electric power of the high-voltage battery 41, so that driving wheels are driven by power of the electric motor 42, as in the first example. The electric vehicle 40 may be electrically connected to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM through the bidirectional contactless power supply device WPS. Thus, the electric vehicle 40 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by converting ac supplied from the power supply unit 20 into dc, or discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 into ac to discharge the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
As in the first example, the electric vehicle 40 may be parked in a parking space adjacent to the house HM. The electric vehicle 40 is, for example, a private car used by an occupant of the house HM. The electric vehicle 40 may be a vehicle for vehicle sharing that is provided in a parking space adjacent to the house HM. In a state where the electric vehicle 40 is parked in the parking space of the house HM, the power transmission/reception device 48 mounted on the electric vehicle 40 and the power transmission/reception device 23H provided in the parking space of the house HM can achieve a positional relationship in which power transmission can be performed without contact between them. As a result, the power system 1 can exchange electric power between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 by the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48. Hereinafter, in this specification, a description will be given mainly of a case where the electric vehicle 40 is parked in a parking space of the house HM.
Structure of electric Power System
Next, the structure of the power system 1 will be described with reference to fig. 5 and 6 in addition to fig. 4.
Structure of electric Power Unit
The power unit includes the power transmission unit 11 and the power distribution unit 12, as in the first example.
The power distribution unit 12 includes power distribution units 12A and 12B, as in the first example.
Structure of Power Unit for residence
The power supply unit 20 of the house HM includes power lines PL21 to PL25, a solar generator 21, an electric load 22, a power supply device 23, and an EMS24, as in the first example.
Power lines PL21 to PL25 are ac power lines as in the first example. As in the first example, power line PL21 has one end connected to power distribution unit 12A and the other end connected to power line PL22 and power line PL 23. One end of power line PL22 is connected to power transmission/reception device 23H, and the other end is connected to power line PL21 and power line PL 23. Power line PL23 is connected to power lines PL21 and PL22 at one end and to a plurality of power lines PL25 via a switch 23E, as in the first example. As in the first example, the power line PL24 has one end connected to the power distribution unit 12A and the other end connected to a plurality of power lines PL25 via the switch 23E. Power line PL25 supplies electric power supplied from one of power lines PL23 and PL24 to electric load 22 via switch 23E, as in the first example.
The solar power generator 21 includes a solar panel 21A and a power conditioner 21B, as in the first example.
The solar panel 21A converts solar energy into electric energy and outputs the electric energy, as in the first example. The PCS 21B converts the dc output from the solar panel 21A into ac and outputs the ac to the power line PL23, as in the first example.
For example, the solar power generator 21 can supply electric power from the power line PL23 to the electric load 22 through the power line PL25, as in the first example. The solar power generator 21 can be connected to the power unit 10 through the power line PL21 from the power line PL23, and can supply electric power to the power unit 10, as in the first example. In addition, the solar power generator 21 can supply electric power from the power line PL23 to the electric vehicle 40 through the power line PL22 and the contactless power feeding apparatus WPS, as in the first example.
The electric load 22 operates by the communication of the power line PL25 as in the first example.
The power supply device 23 is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 12A, the contactless power supply device WPS, and the electric load 22 via power lines PL21 to PL25, and exchanges electric power inside the power supply unit 20 and exchanges electric power between the power supply unit 20 and the outside. The power supply device 23 includes a switch 23A, a power conversion device 23G, a power transmission and reception device 23H, and a switch 23E.
Switch 23A is provided on power line PL21 in the same manner as in the first example. The switch 23A is configured to be able to electrically open and close the power line PL21 under the control of the EMS24, as in the first example. Thus, the power supply unit 20 of the house HM can switch between a state in which the power distribution unit 12A is electrically connected to the power lines PL22 and PL23 and a state in which the power distribution unit is disconnected.
Power conversion device 23G is provided on power line PL22, and exchanges ac power between power transmission and reception device 23H side of power line PL22 and power lines PL21 and PL23 side. The power conversion device 23G functions as a frequency converter that exchanges power between the ac on the power transmission and reception device 23H side, which sometimes becomes high frequency by the noncontact power transmission by the noncontact power feeding device WPS, and the ac on the power line PL21 side, which is supplied from the power distribution unit 12A and has a commercial frequency. The power conversion device 23G may be a device that satisfies the connection requirements of the power unit 10 and accepts predetermined authentication. Thereby, power conversion device 23G can output the electric power ac-supplied from electric vehicle 40 by contactless power supply device WPS to power unit 10 via power lines PL22, PL 21.
The power transmission and reception device 23H is provided at the front end of the power line PL22, and is an interface for performing non-contact power exchange with the electric vehicle 40 under the control of the EMS 24. The power transmission/reception device 23H constitutes a contactless power supply device WPS together with the power transmission/reception device 48 mounted on the electric vehicle 40. Thus, for example, an occupant of the house HM or a user of the electric vehicle 40 can realize a state in which electric power can be exchanged between each other without performing a work of connecting a cable or the like between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40. Therefore, the contactless power feeding apparatus WPS can improve convenience for an occupant of the house HM or a user of the electric vehicle 40.
The contactless power feeding apparatus WPS can exchange electric power in both directions in a contactless (wireless) manner so that either one of the power feeding apparatus 23H and the power feeding apparatus 48 is the power feeding side and the other is the power receiving side. The contactless power feeding apparatus WPS can achieve contactless power exchange between the power feeding apparatus 23H and the power feeding apparatus 48 by any known method. For example, the contactless power feeding apparatus WPS is a transformer that performs power transmission from a primary side (power feeding side) to a secondary side (power receiving side) by electromagnetic induction corresponding to magnetic coupling between the respective coils of the power feeding apparatus 23H and the power feeding apparatus 48. The contactless power feeding apparatus WPS may transmit electric power from the power transmission side coil to the power reception side coil in the power transmission and reception apparatus 23H and 48 by using magnetic resonance. As a result, the distance that can be transmitted between the power transmission and reception device 23H and the power transmission and reception device 48 can be increased as compared with normal power transmission by electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the restriction on the positional relationship between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48 can be alleviated, and as a result, the convenience of the resident of the house HM or the user of the electric vehicle 40 can be improved.
The switch 23E is provided for each of the plurality of power lines PL25, as in the first example. Switch 23E is configured to be electrically switchable between a state in which power line PL25 is electrically connected to power line PL23 and a state in which power line PL25 is electrically connected to power line PL24 under control of EMS 24. Thus, when electric power is supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20, the switch 23E can be selectively switched between a state in which electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 is supplied to the electric load 22 via the power lines PL22, PL23 and a state in which electric power from the power distribution unit 12A is supplied to the electric load 22 via the power line PL24, on the condition that the switch 23A is in the off state.
The EMS24 performs control related to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, similarly to the first example described above.
In this example, as in the first example, the EMS24 cooperates with the ECU 44 by bidirectional communication with the ECU 44 of the electric vehicle 40, and performs control related to power exchange between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40.
For example, when power is supplied from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 controls the power conversion device 23G and the power transmission and reception device 23H, and transmits power from the power transmission and reception device 23H to the power transmission and reception device 48 in a noncontact manner. Then, the EMS24 sends a command to the ECU 44 to appropriately operate the power transmission/reception device 48 and the inverter device 43 of the electric vehicle 40. Thus, the EMS24 can control the power transmission/reception device 48 and the inverter device 43 by the ECU 44 to charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the electric power from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. Accordingly, the EMS24 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 with the electric power from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by causing the contactless power supply device WPS to supply the electric power from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to the electric vehicle 40. The electric power supplied from the power supply unit 20 to the electric vehicle 40 may be generated electric power of the solar power generator 21, electric power from the power distribution unit 12A, or both of these electric powers. The EMS24 turns off the switch 23A when power is supplied from the power supply unit 20 to the electric vehicle 40 using only the generated power of the solar power generator 21.
When the power supply unit 20 of the house HM is discharged from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 transmits a command to the ECU 44 to convert the output of the high-voltage battery 41 into ac of a predetermined frequency, thereby operating the power transmission/reception device 23H appropriately. The prescribed frequency is set to, for example, 10kHz or more. Thus, the EMS24 can control the inverter device 43 and the power transmission/reception device 48 by the ECU 44 to transmit the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 from the power transmission/reception device 48 to the power transmission/reception device 23H in a noncontact manner. The EMS24 controls the power conversion device 23G and the power transmission/reception device 23H via the ECU 44, and receives power from the power transmission/reception device 48 of the electric vehicle 40 in a noncontact manner. Thus, the EMS24 can supply power from the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by discharging the power of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by the contactless power supply device WPS.
When discharging from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM, the switch 23A is turned off as in the first example. Thereby, the EMS24 can prohibit the connection of the power unit 10 and the power unit 20 of the house HM in the case of receiving the power supply in a noncontact manner from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40. Therefore, even when the power conversion device 23G does not satisfy the connection request of the power unit 10 or the power conversion device 23G does not accept the authentication, the power system 1 can realize the power supply from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
In addition, as in the first example, when the power supply unit 20 of the house HM is discharged from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 causes a part of the plurality of switches 23E to be in a state of connecting the power lines PL23, PL25, and causes the rest to be in a state of connecting the power lines PL24, PL 25. Thus, when the power supply unit 20 of the house HM is supplied with electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 can limit the supply target to the electric load 22 as a part. Therefore, even in the case where the supply of electric power to all the electric loads 22 by the power supply from the high-voltage battery 41 is impossible, the EMS24 can supply the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to a part of the electric loads 22 and supply the electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the remaining electric loads 22. Further, switch 23E can alternatively switch the connection destination of electric load 22 between power lines PL23, PL 24. Accordingly, the EMS24 can achieve power supply from the power distribution unit 12A to the remaining electrical loads 22 while avoiding connection of the electric vehicle 40 to the power unit 10. A part of the switch 23E in a state of being connected between the power lines PL23, PL25 may be fixed in advance, or may be variable by a setting operation of an occupant of the house HM. Further, as described above, switch 23E may be provided on only a part of power lines PL25 among the plurality of power lines PL25, and power lines PL25 on which switch 23E is not provided are connected to power lines PL 23. At this time, when discharging the power supply unit 20 of the house HM from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, the EMS24 may set a part of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL23 and PL25, set the rest of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL24 and PL25, or set all of the switches 23E to be connected between the power lines PL24 and PL25, as described above.
In addition, as in the first example, the EMS24 may grasp the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 by communicating with the PCS21B of the solar power generator 21 through a transmission path such as a one-to-one communication line, and charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the surplus power. Specifically, the EMS24 can check the power storage ratio of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 when the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 is generated or when the surplus power is likely to be generated. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference, it is determined that the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 can be received, and the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 can be charged into the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40. The fact that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference may mean that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is equal to or lower than the predetermined reference, or may mean that the power storage rate is lower than the predetermined reference.
In addition, the EMS24 may grasp the insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 and discharge the power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to supplement the insufficient power, as in the first example. Specifically, the EMS24 can grasp the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 when insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 is generated or when there is a possibility of generation. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the power of the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and may discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. The fact that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference may mean that the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is equal to or higher than the predetermined reference, or that the power storage rate exceeds the predetermined reference. As a result, the power system 1 can supplement a part or all of the insufficient power of the solar power generator 21 with the power of the high-voltage battery 41, and as a result, the amount of power used by the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to the power unit 10 can be suppressed.
As described above, the EMS24 can cause the high-voltage battery 41 to absorb the output fluctuation of the solar power generator 21 in cooperation with the ECU 44 of the electric vehicle 40, as in the first example. Therefore, the EMS24 can function and effect similar to those of the first example.
In the case where dynamic pricing is employed for the supply of electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20, the EMS24 may control the exchange of electric power between the power supply unit 20 and the high-voltage battery 41 in accordance with the fluctuation of the electric power fee for the supply of electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20, as in the first example described above. For example, as in the first example, when the electric charge for supplying electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is relatively low with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 can check the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the surplus power of the solar power generator 21 can be received, and control the inverter device 43 via the ECU 44 so as to charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 with the power supplied from the power distribution unit 12A via the power supply unit 20. On the other hand, as in the first example, when the electric charge for supplying electric power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is not relatively low with respect to the predetermined reference, that is, when the electric charge is relatively high with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 can check the electric storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and control the inverter device 43 by the ECU 44, thereby discharging the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. As a result, as in the first example, the EMS24 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 with the electric power from the power distribution unit 12A when the electric power rate of the power unit 10 is relatively low, and discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 when the electric power rate of the power unit 10 is relatively high. Therefore, the EMS24 can function and effect similar to those of the first example.
In this way, the EMS24 absorbs the fluctuation in the cost of the electric power supplied from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 by using the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40, and can provide the same operation and effect as those of the first example.
In addition, as in the first example, the EMS24 may discharge power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM when the supply of power from the power distribution unit 12A to the power supply unit 20 is stopped, that is, when power is interrupted. Specifically, the EMS24 can grasp the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 by communication with the ECU 44 at the time of power failure. Then, when the power storage rate of the high-voltage battery 41 is relatively large with respect to the predetermined reference, the EMS24 may determine that the high-voltage battery 41 can be discharged, and may discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM. In this way, during a power outage, the EMS24 can discharge the electric power of the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 and operate the electric load 22 of the house HM. Therefore, the same operations and effects as those of the first example can be achieved.
In addition, as in the first example, the EMS24 may discharge electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM when the generated electric power of the solar power generator 21 is limited to be relatively small with respect to the predetermined reference at the time of power failure. Thus, the EMS24 can function and effect similar to those of the first example.
In addition, as in the first example, the EMS24 may be configured to connect some of the plurality of switches 23E to the power lines PL23 and PL25, connect the other switches to the power lines PL24 and PL25, and discharge electric power from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM at the time of power failure. Thus, the EMS24 can limit the supply target of the electric power supplied from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM to a part of the electric loads 22 and exclude the remaining electric loads 22 as the supply target. Therefore, the EMS24 can function and effect similar to those of the first example.
In this way, the EMS24 can effectively use the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 as an emergency power source for the power supply unit 20 of the house HM at the time of power outage, as in the first example.
Structure of fast charger
The quick charger 30 includes a charging cable 31 as in the first example.
The charging cable 31 is provided to extend from the main body of the quick charger 30, and a connector that can be electrically connected to the charging port 46 of the electric vehicle 40 is provided at the tip end of the charging cable 31, as in the first example. Thus, by connecting the connector at the front end of the charging cable 31 to the charging port 46, the quick charger 30 can be connected to the dc power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40. Therefore, the quick charger 30 can supply power to the dc power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 through the charging cable 31, and quickly charge the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40.
Structure of electric vehicle
The electric vehicle 40 includes power lines PL41 to PL45, a high-voltage battery 41, a motor 42, an inverter device 43, an ECU (electronic control unit) 44, a switch 47, a power transmission and reception device 48, and a charging port 46.
The power line PL41 is a direct-current power line connecting the high-voltage battery 41 and the inverter device 43, as in the first example.
Power line PL42 is a power line connecting ac between inverter device 43 and motor 42, as in the first example. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, power line PL42 includes U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V, and W-phase line PL42W of three-phase ac, as in the first example.
Power line PL43 is a power line connecting ac between motor 42 and power transmission/reception device 48. Specifically, the power line PL43 is connected between a neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A of the motor 42 and one end of the power transmission/reception device 48.
Power line PL44 is a reference potential line that connects the other end of power transmission/reception device 48 opposite to the one end to which power line PL43 is connected and DC link 43DC of inverter device 43.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, a dc blocking capacitor 49 is provided on the power line PL 44. Accordingly, when power exchange occurs between the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the electric vehicle 40, the dc component can be removed from the ac of the neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A generated between the power line PL44, and an ac voltage of a predetermined frequency that does not include the dc component can be generated. The predetermined frequency is a frequency suitable for driving the contactless power feeding apparatus WPS, and is set to 10kHz or more, for example, as described above.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the power line PL44 may be connected to the intermediate point of the smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2 balanced in the direct-current link 43 DC. Thus, the smoothing capacitors 43c1 and 43c2 can function as the dc blocking capacitor 49. Therefore, an increase in cost and weight of the electric vehicle 40 can be suppressed, and the cost of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM and the power supply unit of the electric vehicle 40 as a whole can be suppressed.
Power line PL45 is a direct current power line connecting high-voltage battery 41 and charging port 46.
The high-voltage battery 41 is a battery having a relatively high output voltage (for example, several hundred volts) as in the first example. As in the first example, a sensor capable of measuring various states such as current, voltage, and temperature of the high-voltage battery 41 is mounted on the high-voltage battery 41.
As in the first example, the electric motor 42 is a prime mover that drives drive wheels of the electric vehicle 40. The motor 42 is driven by three-phase alternating current supplied from an inverter device 43. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the motor 42 includes an armature 42A as a stator, and the armature 42A includes a U-phase coil 42U, a V-phase coil 42V, and a W-phase coil 42W connected by Y-wires, as in the first example.
Inverter device 43 converts a direct current supplied from high-voltage battery 41 through power line PL41 into a three-phase alternating current of a predetermined voltage and a predetermined frequency, and outputs the three-phase alternating current to power line PL42, as in the first example, to drive motor 42. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the inverter device 43 includes a smoothing circuit 43A and an inverter circuit 43B, as in the first example. In addition, as in the first example, the inverter device 43 is provided with sensors capable of measuring various states of the inverter device 43, such as current, voltage, and temperature.
The smoothing circuit 43A suppresses and smoothes the ripple of the dc output from the high-voltage battery 41 or the dc output from the inverter circuit 43B, as in the first example. The smoothing circuit 43A includes a smoothing capacitor 43c of the DC link 43DC, as in the first example. For example, as shown in fig. 5, a smoothing capacitor 43c is provided on the power line between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N of the direct-current link 43 DC. The smoothing capacitor 43c may be constituted by one capacitor or a plurality of capacitors. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the smoothing capacitor 43c includes a plurality of (two in this example) smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2 connected in series between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N. This achieves the same actions and effects as those of the first example.
Inverter circuit 43B has one end connected to positive line 43P and negative line 43N of DC link 43DC, and the other end connected to U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V, and W-phase line PL42W of three-phase ac power line PL 42.
For example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the inverter circuit 43B includes six semiconductor switches 43sw, as in the first example. Specifically, the inverter circuit 43B includes a bridge circuit in which three sets of switching branches, each of which is formed by connecting two semiconductor switches 43sw constituting upper and lower arms in series, are connected in parallel between the positive line 43P and the negative line 43N. U-phase line PL42U, V-phase line PL42V and W-phase line PL42W are led out from intermediate points of three sets of upper and lower arms of the bridge circuit, and are connected to U-phase coil 42U, V-phase coil 42V and W-phase coil 42W of armature 42A, respectively. Further, six semiconductor switches 43sw may be connected in parallel with the flywheel diodes 43d, respectively.
As in the first example, when the electric vehicle 40 is running, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into the alternating current and outputs the alternating current to the power line PL42, or converts the alternating current of the power line PL42 into the direct current and outputs the direct current to the direct current link 43DC by the switching operation of the semiconductor switch 43sw under the control of the ECU 44.
For example, when the electric vehicle 40 is traveling, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current supplied from the direct current link 43DC into three-phase alternating current having a predetermined frequency or a predetermined voltage, and outputs the three-phase alternating current to the motor 42. Thereby, inverter device 43 can drive motor 42 to drive electric vehicle 40. When the electric vehicle 40 decelerates, the inverter circuit 43B converts the generated ac power of the armature 42A into DC power according to the regenerative operation of the motor 42, and outputs the DC power to the DC link 43DC. As a result, the inverter device 43 can output the kinetic energy of the electric vehicle 40 during traveling as electric energy (regenerative energy) to the DC link 43DC to charge the high-voltage battery 41, and can cause the electric vehicle 40 to generate braking force by regeneration.
When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the inverter circuit 43B converts the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into alternating current, and supplies the alternating current of a predetermined frequency to the power transmission/reception device 48 through the neutral point 43NP of the armature 42A and the power line PL 42. When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the state in which the electric vehicle 40 cannot travel is meant, for example, a state in which the auxiliary power supply of the electric vehicle 40 is turned OFF (ACC-OFF), or a state in which the ignition power supply of the electric vehicle 40 is turned OFF (IG-OOFF). Thereby, the inverter circuit 43B can realize ac power supply from the high-voltage battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by the contactless power supply device WPS. As a result, the power supply unit 20 of the house HM can operate the electric load 22 by the ac power supply from the electric vehicle 40. Further, when the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the inverter circuit 43B converts the ac supplied to the power line PL42 by the contactless power supply device WPS into DC and outputs the DC to the DC link 43DC. Thereby, the inverter device 43 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by the ac power supply from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
As described above, in this example, the power system 1 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by the ac power supply from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM or discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 from the electric vehicle 40 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM by using the inverter device 43, as in the first example. Therefore, the same operations and effects as those of the first example can be achieved.
The ECU 44 is a control device for the electric vehicle 40, as in the first example described above.
For example, as in the first example, the ECU 44 outputs a control command to the inverter device 43 when the electric vehicle 40 is running, and the inverter device 43 controls the driving of the motor 42.
In addition, as in the first example, when the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the ECU 44 controls the inverter device 43 to convert ac on the power lines PL43, PL42 into DC under the control of the EMS24, and outputs the DC to the DC link 43DC. Thus, the ECU 44 can charge the high-voltage battery 41 by ac power supply from the power supply unit 20 of the house HM in accordance with the instruction of the EMS24, similarly to the first example.
When the electric vehicle 40 is stopped, the ECU 44 controls the inverter device 43 to convert the direct current of the direct current link 43DC into alternating current and outputs the alternating current to the power lines PL42, PL43 and the power transmission/reception device 48 under the control of the EMS 24. As a result, the ECU 44 can discharge the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to the power supply unit 20 of the house HM in accordance with the instruction of the EMS24, as in the first example.
In addition, as in the first example, the ECU 44 transmits information of the sensor mounted on the high-voltage battery 41 and the sensor mounted on the inverter device 43 to the EMS24. As a result, the EMS24 can grasp the states of the high-voltage battery 41 and the inverter device 43, as in the first example.
Switch 47 is provided on power line PL43, and is configured to be able to electrically open and close power line PL43 under the control of ECU 44. For example, the switch 47 is turned off when the electric vehicle 40 is running, and is turned off when the electric vehicle 40 is stopped. This can cut off the supply of electric power from the inverter device 43 and the armature 42A of the motor 42 to the power transmission/reception device 48 when the electric vehicle 40 is running.
The power transmission and reception device 48 has one end connected to the power line PL43 and the other end connected to the power line PL44, and is an interface for performing non-contact power exchange with the power supply unit 20 of the house HM under the control of the ECU 44. As described above, the power transmission and reception device 48 constitutes the contactless power transmission device WPS together with the power transmission and reception device 23H of the power supply unit 20 of the house HM.
For example, the power transmission and reception device 23H is provided on the floor surface of a parking space of the house HM, and the power transmission and reception device 48 is provided on the lower surface of the floor of the electric vehicle 40. Thus, by placing the electric vehicle 40 in the parking space so that the power transmission/reception device 48 on the underfloor surface of the electric vehicle 40 is positioned above the power transmission/reception device 23H on the ground, a state is achieved in which power exchange can be performed between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48 in a non-contact manner.
The power transmission/reception device 23H may be normally covered with a protective member, and may be movable so that the power transmission/reception device 23H is exposed upward by releasing the protective member from covering the power transmission/reception device 23H when exchanging power with the power transmission/reception device 23H. Similarly, the power transmission/reception device 48 may be covered with a protection member when the electric vehicle 40 is running, and may be moved so that the power transmission/reception device 48 is exposed downward by releasing the protection member from covering the power transmission/reception device 48 when power is exchanged with the power transmission/reception device 23H. This can suppress occurrence of electric shock due to contamination and failure of the power transmission device 23H or the power transmission device 48, or exposure of the power transmission device 23H or the power transmission device 48, and can more appropriately realize noncontact power exchange between the power transmission device 23H and the power transmission device 48.
For example, when the positional relationship between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48 is within a predetermined range where power transmission/reception is possible, the EMS24 may control the position of the protection member of the power transmission/reception device 23H so that the upper side of the power transmission/reception device 23H is exposed. Similarly, the ECU 44 may control the position of the protective member of the power transmission/reception device 48 so that the lower side of the power transmission/reception device 48 is exposed when the positional relationship between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48 is within a predetermined range where power transmission/reception is possible. In this case, the positional relationship between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48 may be determined by the EMS24 and the ECU 44, or may be determined by either one of them, and the other may control the position of the protection member in accordance with an instruction from the one of them. The control of the position of the protection member is performed, for example, in response to a request from an occupant of the house HM or a user of the electric vehicle 40. The resident of the house HM or the user of the electric vehicle 40 can transmit his own request to the EMS24 or the ECU 44 by a predetermined operation on an operation unit of a parking space disposed in the house HM or a predetermined operation on a portable terminal capable of wirelessly communicating with the EMS24 or the ECU 44. The operation terminal may be a dedicated terminal or a general-purpose portable terminal such as a smart phone. The control of the position of the protection member may be automatically performed in response to establishment of a condition of the positional relationship between the power transmission/reception device 23H and the power transmission/reception device 48. Thus, the operation by the resident of the house HM and the user of the electric vehicle 40 can be omitted, and the convenience of the resident of the house HM and the user of the electric vehicle 40 can be further improved.
< Action >
Next, the operation of the power system, the power supply device, the power conversion device, and the control device according to the present embodiment will be described.
In this embodiment, the power system includes a battery, a motor, a first power conversion device, a power supply unit, a power connection portion, and a first power line. The power system is, for example, the power system 1 described above. The battery is, for example, the high-voltage battery 41 described above. The motor is, for example, the motor 42 described above. The first power conversion device is, for example, the inverter device 43 described above. The power supply unit is, for example, the above-described power supply unit 20. The power connection is, for example, a contactless power supply WPS. Specifically, the battery and the motor are mounted on the vehicle. The vehicle is, for example, the electric vehicle 40 described above. The first power conversion device is electrically connected to both the battery and the motor in the vehicle, and converts the output of the battery into ac to drive the motor. Furthermore, the power supply unit is provided in a house or a facility. The house or facility is, for example, the house HM described above. The power connection unit connects the power supply unit and the first power line to each other so as to be capable of exchanging power. Further, a first power line connects between a neutral point of an armature of the motor and the first power transmitting and receiving portion in the vehicle. The neutral point of the armature is, for example, the neutral point 42NP of the armature 42A described above. The battery can be charged with the electric power supplied from the power supply unit and discharged from the power supply unit by the first power conversion device, the neutral point, the first power line, the first power transmission/reception unit, and the second power transmission/reception unit.
Specifically, the power connection portion may include a first power transmission and reception portion and a second power transmission and reception portion that are provided on the vehicle and the power supply unit, respectively, and that are capable of transmitting and receiving power between each other. The first power transmission and reception unit is, for example, the power transmission and reception device 48 described above. The second power transmission and reception unit is, for example, the power transmission and reception device 23H described above. The first power transmitting and receiving unit may be connected to a side of the first power line opposite to the neutral point.
In this way, the power system can convert the existing first power conversion device mounted on the vehicle between the direct current, which is the output of the battery when exchanging power between the vehicle mounted with the battery and the power supply unit of the house or the like, and the alternating current used in the power supply unit of the house or the facility. Therefore, additional equipment for converting between ac and dc is not required, and the power system can exchange power between a vehicle and a house or the like with a simpler structure.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power system may include a power supply device. The power supply device is, for example, the power supply device 23 described above. Specifically, the power supply device may be provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of an electric load, an electric power connection unit (for example, a second power transmission/reception unit), and a predetermined power supply of the house or the facility. The electrical load is, for example, the electrical load 22 described above. The predetermined power source is, for example, the power distribution unit 12A of the power unit 10 or the solar generator 21 described above. In the power system, the power supply device supplies ac of a predetermined power source to the first power line via the power connection unit, and the first power conversion device converts ac supplied to the first power line into dc and outputs the dc to the battery, whereby the battery can be charged with the power of the predetermined power source. Specifically, in the power system, the power supply device transmits ac of a predetermined power source to the first power transmitting/receiving unit via the second power transmitting/receiving unit, and the first power conversion device converts ac received by the first power transmitting/receiving unit into dc and outputs the dc to the battery, so that the battery can be charged with the power of the predetermined power source. In the electric power system, the first power conversion device converts the output of the battery into ac and outputs the ac to the armature side, and the ac is supplied to the power supply unit via the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection unit, and the power supply device supplies the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load. Specifically, in the electric power system, the first power conversion device converts the output of the battery into ac and outputs the ac to the armature side, and the power supply device discharges the electric power of the battery to the electric load by transmitting the electric power received by the second power transmission/reception unit to the second power transmission/reception unit through the neutral point, the first power line, and the first power transmission/reception unit, and supplying the electric power received by the second power transmission/reception unit to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the power supply device may be provided in a household or a facility, and may exchange electric power with a vehicle having a battery, an electric motor, a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the electric motor, and a first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the electric motor, by a power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable connectable to a charge/discharge port connected to a tip end of the first power line of the vehicle) to convert an output of the battery into ac to drive the electric motor. Specifically, the power supply device may be electrically connected to each of an electric load and a predetermined power supply of a house or a facility. The power supply device may supply ac of a predetermined power source to the first power line through the power connection unit (for example, the first power transmission/reception unit and the second power transmission/reception unit), thereby charging the battery with the power of the predetermined power source. The power supply device may supply ac supplied from the first power line to the electric load via the power connection unit (for example, the first power transmission/reception unit and the second power transmission/reception unit), thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the power conversion device may be mounted on a vehicle having a battery, a motor, and a first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor, and may be electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and may convert direct current of the battery into alternating current to drive the motor. The power conversion device is, for example, the inverter device 43 described above. The power conversion device may also charge the battery with electric power from a predetermined power source outside the vehicle by converting ac supplied from the predetermined power source to the first power line into dc and outputting the dc to the battery through a power connection unit (for example, power exchange between a first power transmitting/receiving unit connected to a front end of the first power line and a second power transmitting/receiving unit outside the vehicle in a wireless manner). The power conversion device may convert the output of the battery into ac and output the ac to the armature side, and supply the ac power to an electric load of a house or a facility through a power connection unit (for example, power exchange between the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit in a wireless manner), thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In the present embodiment, the control device controls an electric power system including: a battery mounted on the vehicle; a motor mounted on the vehicle; a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and converting the output of the battery into ac to drive the motor; a power line provided in the vehicle and extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor; a power connection unit that connects the power supply unit and the first power line to each other so as to be capable of exchanging power; a power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; a power connection portion (for example, a charge-discharge cable provided so as to extend from the power supply unit and having a front end capable of being electrically connected to a charge-discharge port connected to a front end of a power line of the vehicle); and a power supply device provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of an electric load, an electric power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and a predetermined power supply of the house or the facility. The control device is, for example, an EMS24. Specifically, the control device may control the power supply device to supply ac of a predetermined power source to the power line via the power connection portion (for example, a charge/discharge cable), and control the power conversion device to convert ac supplied to the power line into dc and output the dc to the battery, thereby charging the battery with the power of the predetermined power source. More specifically, the control device may control the power supply device to transmit the ac of the predetermined power source to the first power transmitting/receiving unit via the second power transmitting/receiving unit, and control the first power conversion device to convert the ac received by the first power transmitting/receiving unit into dc and output the dc to the battery, thereby charging the battery with the power of the predetermined power source. The control device may control the power conversion device to convert the output of the battery into ac and output the ac to the armature side, supply the ac to the power supply unit through the neutral point of the armature, the power line, and the power connection portion, and control the power supply device to supply the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load. More specifically, the control device may control the first power conversion device to convert the output of the battery to ac and output the ac to the armature side, transmit power to the second power transmission/reception unit through the neutral point, the first power line, and the first power transmission/reception unit, and control the power supply device to supply the electric power received by the second power transmission/reception unit to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
In this way, the electric power system or the like can operate the electric load by charging the battery of the vehicle with electric power from a predetermined power source such as a house or discharging the electric power from the battery of the vehicle to the electric load of the house or the facility.
In the present embodiment, the power supply unit may be electrically connected to an ac power distribution unit that distributes ac power of the power unit to a house or a facility. The power unit is, for example, the power unit 10 described above. The ac power distribution unit is, for example, the power distribution unit 12A described above. Further, a first switch that can be electrically opened and closed between the ac power distribution unit and the power supply unit may be provided. For example, the first switch is the switch 23A.
In this way, in the electric power system or the like, for example, when the power supply unit of the house or the like is discharged from the battery of the vehicle through the first power transmitting/receiving unit and the second power transmitting/receiving unit, the connection between the power supply unit on the vehicle side and the electric power unit can be prohibited by turning on the first switch. Therefore, even when it is difficult for a device that receives electric power from a battery of a vehicle in a power supply unit of a house or the like to satisfy a connection specification, for example, electric power exchange between the vehicle and the power supply unit of the house or the like can be achieved.
In the present embodiment, the power supply unit may be electrically connected to an ac power distribution unit that distributes ac power of the power unit to a house or a facility. In addition, the power supply unit may be provided with a second power conversion device that converts ac to ac between the second power transmitting/receiving unit and the ac distribution unit. The second power conversion device is, for example, the power conversion device 23G. The second power conversion device may satisfy a connection requirement with the power unit.
Thus, the power system 1 and the like can realize power exchange between the vehicle and the power supply unit of the house and the like.
In the present embodiment, the power supply unit may include a plurality of load units that supply electric power to electric loads of houses or facilities. The plurality of load units are, for example, the plurality of power lines PL25 described above. Further, a second switch may be provided in at least a part of the plurality of load units, and the second switch may be capable of switching between a state in which the load unit is electrically connected to only one of the second power transmission/reception unit and the predetermined power source and a state in which the load unit is electrically connected to only the other of the second power transmission/reception unit and the predetermined power source. The second switch is, for example, the switch 23E described above.
In this way, in the electric power system or the like, for example, when the power supply unit such as a house is discharged from the battery of the vehicle, the second switch is brought into a state in which the target load unit is connected to only the predetermined power supply, and it is possible to limit the supply of electric power from the battery of the vehicle to only a part of the plurality of load units. Therefore, even when the power supply to all the load cells cannot be provided by the power supply from the battery, the power system or the like can supply the power of the high-voltage battery 41 to some of the load cells and supply the power from the predetermined power supply to the remaining load cells. The second switch is capable of selectively switching the connection destination of the load unit between the battery side and the predetermined power supply side. Therefore, for example, when the predetermined power source is a power unit, the power system and the like can realize power supply from the power unit to the remaining load units while avoiding connection of the vehicle to the power unit.
In the present embodiment, a dc blocking capacitor may be provided, and the dc blocking capacitor may function such that the ac at the neutral point of the armature does not include a dc component (offset component). The dc blocking capacitor is, for example, the dc blocking capacitor 49 described above. Further, for example, by connecting the power line PL44 to the intermediate point of the balanced smoothing capacitors 43c1 and 43c2, the same effect as that of the dc capacitor can be achieved.
Thus, when the electric power system exchanges electric power between the vehicle and the house or the like, the single-phase ac voltage that does not include the dc component can be generated at the neutral point of the armature.
In the present embodiment, the dc blocking capacitor may be provided between the other end of the first power transmission/reception unit opposite to the one end to which the first power line is connected and the electric wire on the negative side of the dc link of the first power conversion device. The dc blocking capacitor is, for example, the dc blocking capacitor 49 described above.
Thus, when the electric power system and the like exchange electric power between the vehicle and the house and the like, an ac voltage having a frequency suitable for wirelessly transmitting electric power between the first power transmission/reception unit and the second power transmission/reception unit without including a dc component can be generated at the neutral point of the armature.
Further, in the present embodiment, the first power conversion device may include a plurality of smoothing capacitors provided between the electric wire on the positive side and the electric wire on the negative side of the dc link by being connected in series. The DC link is, for example, the DC link 43DC described above. The positive and negative electric lines are, for example, the positive and negative lines 43P and 43N described above. The plurality of smoothing capacitors are, for example, smoothing capacitors 43c1, 43c2. Further, a second power line may be provided that connects a power connection portion (for example, the other end of the first power transmission and reception portion on the opposite side of the one end to which the first power line is connected) to an intermediate point between two adjacent smoothing capacitors among the plurality of smoothing capacitors. The second power line is, for example, the power line PL44 of fig. 6 described above.
Thus, the circuit configuration including the two smoothing capacitors and the second power line can function as the dc blocking capacitor. Therefore, the electric power system and the like can suppress an increase in weight and cost of the vehicle when the electric power exchange between the vehicle and the house and the like is achieved.
In the present embodiment, the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit may correspond to transformers in which a primary coil on a power transmission side and a secondary coil on a power reception side are separated.
Thus, the electric power system and the like can realize non-contact electric power exchange between the vehicle and the power supply unit 20 of the house and the like by electromagnetic induction between the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit.
In the present embodiment, the first power transmission/reception unit and the second power transmission/reception unit may transmit power from the power transmission side to the power reception side by using magnetic resonance.
Thereby, the distance between the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, which enables power transmission, becomes relatively long. Therefore, the restriction of the positional relationship between the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit can be alleviated, and the convenience of the user can be improved in the electric power system and the like.
In the present embodiment, the power system may include a first protection unit and a second protection unit that cover the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, respectively. The first protection unit and the second protection unit may expose the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, respectively, when the vehicle is parked within a predetermined range defined by a positional relationship with the second power transmission and reception unit.
Thus, the power system and the like can suppress occurrence of contamination and failure of the first power transmission and reception unit and electric shock due to exposure of the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, and can more appropriately realize noncontact power exchange between the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit.
In the present embodiment, the first protection unit and the second protection unit may automatically expose the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, respectively, when the vehicle is parked within a predetermined range.
Thus, the electric power system and the like do not require work by an occupant of a house or the like or a user of an electric vehicle or the like, and the convenience of these persons can be improved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply unit may include a power supply derived from renewable energy. The power source derived from renewable energy sources is, for example, the solar generator 21 described above.
In this way, for example, in a case where the output of the power source derived from the renewable energy source is relatively large, the electric power system or the like can charge the battery of the vehicle with the electric power, and in a case where the output of the power source derived from the renewable energy source is relatively small, the electric power of the battery can be discharged to the power supply unit such as a house. Therefore, the power system and the like can cause the battery of the vehicle to absorb the output fluctuation of the power supply derived from the renewable energy source.
In the present embodiment, a power supply unit and a power unit. The power unit is, for example, the power unit 10 described above. The secondary battery may be charged with electric power supplied from the power unit via the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the power unit is relatively low, and may be discharged from the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the power unit is relatively high.
Thus, the battery of the vehicle is used in the power system or the like to absorb the fluctuation of the electric charge of the power unit based on the dynamic pricing, and the cost of the electric power consumed by the electric load of the power supply unit of the house or the facility can be suppressed.
The embodiments have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and various modifications and alterations are possible within the scope of the gist described in the claims.
Claims (22)
1. An electrical power system, comprising:
a battery mounted on the vehicle;
an electric motor mounted on the vehicle;
A first power conversion device that is electrically connected to both the battery and the motor in the vehicle, and that converts an output of the battery into an ac to drive the motor;
A first power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor in the vehicle;
A power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; and
A power connection unit for connecting the power supply unit and the first power line in a manner capable of exchanging power,
The battery can be charged with electric power supplied from the power supply unit and can discharge electric power to the power supply unit through the first power conversion device, the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection portion.
2. The power system of claim 1, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: a power supply device provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of the electric load of the house or the facility, the electric power connection unit, and a predetermined power supply,
The power supply device supplies ac of the predetermined power source to the first power line through the power connection portion, and the first power conversion device converts ac supplied to the first power line into dc and outputs the dc to the storage battery, thereby charging the storage battery with the power of the predetermined power source,
The first power conversion device converts the output of the battery into ac and outputs it to the armature side, is supplied to the power supply unit through the neutral point, the first power line, and the power connection portion, and the power supply device supplies the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
3. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power supply unit is electrically connected with an alternating current distribution unit which distributes alternating current of a power system to the house or the facility,
A first switch is provided that is capable of electrically switching between the ac power distribution unit and the power supply unit.
4. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power supply unit includes: a plurality of load units for supplying electric power to electric loads of the house or the facility,
At least a part of the plurality of load units is provided with a second switch capable of switching between a state in which the load unit is electrically connected only to any one of the power connection unit and the predetermined power supply and a state in which the load unit is electrically connected only to any other one of the power connection unit and the predetermined power supply.
5. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: and a DC isolation capacitor for making the AC of the neutral point not contain a DC component.
6. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The first power conversion device includes: a plurality of smoothing capacitors provided between the electric wire on the positive side and the electric wire on the negative side of the DC link by being connected in series,
A second power line is provided, one end of which is connected to an intermediate point between adjacent two smoothing capacitors of the plurality of smoothing capacitors, and the other end of which is connected to the power connection portion.
7. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power connection portion includes: a charge/discharge port provided at a front end of the first power line in the vehicle; and a charge/discharge cable provided to extend from the power supply unit, and having a front end capable of being electrically connected to the charge/discharge port.
8. The power system of claim 7, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: a filter capacitor that removes a high-frequency component of an output current when the first power conversion device converts the output of the battery into an alternating current.
9. The power system of claim 8, wherein,
The filter capacitor is provided in the power supply unit.
10. The power system of claim 7, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: and a DC blocking capacitor provided in the power supply unit for making the AC of the neutral point not include a DC component.
11. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power connection portion includes: a first power transmitting and receiving unit and a second power transmitting and receiving unit which are respectively arranged in the vehicle and the power supply unit and can transmit and receive power between each other,
The first power transmitting and receiving unit is connected to the first power line on the opposite side of the neutral point.
12. The power system of claim 11, wherein,
The power supply unit is electrically connected with an alternating current distribution unit which distributes alternating current of a power system to the house or the facility,
In the power supply unit, a second power conversion device is provided that converts ac to ac between the second power transmitting and receiving section and the ac distribution unit,
The second power conversion device satisfies a connection requirement with the power system.
13. The power system of claim 11, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: and a dc blocking capacitor provided between the other end of the first power transmission/reception unit opposite to the one end to which the first power line is connected and a negative-side electric wire of the dc link of the first power conversion device, and configured to exclude the dc component from the ac of the neutral point.
14. The power system of claim 11, wherein,
The first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit correspond to transformers in which a primary coil on a power transmission side and a secondary coil on a power reception side are separated.
15. The power system of claim 11, wherein,
The first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit transmit power from a power transmission side to a power reception side by using magnetic resonance.
16. The power system of claim 11, wherein,
Comprising the following steps: a first protection part and a second protection part which respectively cover the first power transmission and receiving part and the second power transmission and receiving part,
The first protection unit and the second protection unit expose the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, respectively, when the vehicle is parked within a predetermined range defined by a positional relationship with the second power transmission and reception unit.
17. The power system of claim 16, wherein,
The first protection unit and the second protection unit automatically expose the first power transmission and reception unit and the second power transmission and reception unit, respectively, when the vehicle is parked within the predetermined range.
18. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power supply unit includes a power source derived from a renewable energy source.
19. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The power supply unit is connected with the power unit,
The storage battery is charged with electric power supplied from the electric power unit via the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the electric power unit is relatively low, and is discharged from the power supply unit when the electric power rate of the electric power unit is relatively high.
20. A power supply device provided in a household or a facility and capable of exchanging electric power with a vehicle having a battery, an electric motor, a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the electric motor, and a power line that extends from a neutral point of an armature of the electric motor, the power conversion device converting an output of the battery into an alternating current to drive the electric motor,
The power supply device comprises:
is electrically connected to each of the electric load, the electric power connection portion and a predetermined power source of the house or the facility,
Supplying an alternating current of the predetermined power source to the power line through the power connection portion, thereby charging the storage battery with the power of the predetermined power source,
The ac supplied from the power line through the power connection portion is supplied to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
21. An electric power conversion device mounted on a vehicle having a battery, an electric motor, and a power line extending from a neutral point of an armature of the electric motor, and electrically connected to both the battery and the electric motor, and configured to convert direct current of the battery into alternating current to drive the electric motor,
The power conversion device:
The power connection unit converts ac supplied from a predetermined power source outside the vehicle to the power line into dc and outputs the dc to the storage battery, thereby charging the storage battery with the power of the predetermined power source,
The output of the battery is converted into ac and output to the armature side, and the ac is supplied to an electric load of a house or a facility through the neutral point, the power line, and the power connection portion, whereby the electric power of the battery is discharged to the electric load.
22. A control device that is a control device of an electric power system, the electric power system comprising: a battery mounted on the vehicle; an electric motor mounted on the vehicle; a power conversion device electrically connected to both the battery and the motor, and configured to convert an output of the battery into an ac power to drive the motor; a power line provided in the vehicle and extending from a neutral point of an armature of the motor; a power supply unit provided in a house or a facility; a power connection unit that connects the power supply unit and the power line to each other so as to be capable of exchanging power; and a power supply device provided in the power supply unit and electrically connected to each of the electric load of the house or the facility, the electric power connection unit, and a predetermined power supply,
The control device:
controlling the power supply device to supply the alternating current of the prescribed power source to the power line through the power connection portion, and controlling the power conversion device to convert the alternating current supplied to the power line into direct current and output the direct current to the storage battery, thereby charging the storage battery with the electric power of the prescribed power source,
The power conversion means is controlled to convert the output of the battery into an alternating current and output to the armature side, supplied to the power supply unit through the neutral point, the power line, and the power connection portion, and the power supply means is controlled to supply the electric power to the electric load, thereby discharging the electric power of the battery to the electric load.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023-073472 | 2023-04-27 | ||
| JP2023073472A JP7463648B1 (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Power systems, power supply devices, power conversion devices |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN118849812A true CN118849812A (en) | 2024-10-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202410817715.XA Pending CN118849812A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2024-06-24 | Power system, power supply device, power conversion device, and control device |
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| CN (1) | CN118849812A (en) |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4424352B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2010-03-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power supply system and vehicle |
| JP2008236902A (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-10-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Power system, electric vehicle, and power supply method |
| JP5394677B2 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2014-01-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Charging system and vehicle equipped with the same |
| JP5234159B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2013-07-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | A vehicle including a power storage unit capable of discharging (power feeding) to an external load, a discharge system including the vehicle and a power cable, a discharge control method for the power storage unit, and a device outside the vehicle used in the discharge system. |
| JP5781012B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-09-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power switching device and house |
| JP6503095B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2019-04-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Charge / discharge device |
| JP2014165947A (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-09-08 | Toyota Industries Corp | Driving device |
| JP5890345B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2016-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | External power supply system |
| JP6149499B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2017-06-21 | 株式会社Ihi | Contactless power supply system |
| JP6075878B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2017-02-08 | ニチコン株式会社 | Power converter used by connecting to an electric vehicle |
| JP6537230B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2019-07-03 | トヨタホーム株式会社 | Vehicle positioning device for non-contact power feeding |
| JP2020096510A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-18 | 株式会社別川製作所 | Power supply system and power supply method |
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