CN1186170C - In-situ trimming method for shaping abrasive wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an on-line trimming method for a shaping abrasive wheel, which is characterized in that a numerically controlled grinder abrasive wheel corrector carries out on-line measurement and data processing for a workpiece to distinguish the working condition of the abrasive wheel and to determine a trimming curve of the abrasive wheel, and a trimming program is generated automatically. The present invention has the steps: a machine tool control shaping abrasive wheel moves in the X direction to realize gear shaping grinding; after grinding is completed, the grinding wheel moves away from a gear, and a measuring head moves to a gear measuring position to be put in a gear tooth gap so as to make the measuring head touch a gear surface at the vicinity of a base circle; the interpolation movement of an X-axis (longitudinal) actuating motor and a Z-axis (transverse) actuating motor controls the measuring head to move along an ideal involute track, and data is measured; the tooth error of the gear is evaluated; a diamond roller is controlled to carry out grinding wheel trimming according to an evaluation result of the tooth error. The on-line trimming method for a shaping abrasive wheel of the present invention reduces the ineffective processing time and increases the grinding accuracy. The present inverse is suitable for processing gears and spline shafts.

Description

The online method for trimming of form grinding emery wheel

Technical field

The present invention relates to the online method for trimming of a kind of form grinding emery wheel, belong to the precise machine machining field.

Background technology

In the processing of numerical control form grinder, the moulding of workpiece directly depends on the shape of emery wheel, behind abrasion of grinding wheel, should in time repair its shape, otherwise will cause manufacturing tolerance.Crushing at present is owing to lack line Measurement Technique, the general workpiece off-line measurement that adopts, finishing according to measurement result control emery wheel, there are two problems in this method for trimming: the one, and workpiece dismounting meeting causes repeatedly the location to influence the positioning accuracy of workpiece, thereby influence machining accuracy, and make process time long; Be difficult to accurately grasp the time of crushing on the other hand, can only determine when by rule of thumb that emery wheel should repair.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to improve grinding accuracy, provide a kind of form grinding emery wheel online method for trimming in order to reduce invalid process time.

Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved like this, based on a numerically control grinder truer, handle the duty of differentiating emery wheel by the on-line measurement and the data of gear, and the trimming curve of definite emery wheel, automatically generate the finishing program, the specific implementation step of method is:

1) the Machine-Tool Control forming grinding wheel moves at directions X, realizes Forming Grinding of Gears;

2) finish grinding after, the Machine-Tool Control emery wheel is removed gear, and the lever gage outfit is moved to gear measurement

Backkick backlash is put in the position, and gauge head is contacted near basic circle with the flank of tooth;

3) according to following involute equation, and servo by X-axis servo longitudinal motor and Z axle above-below direction

The moving interpolation control survey head of machine moves along desirable involute path, records data:

$X=\frac{\sin \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0---\left(1\right)$

$y=\frac{\cos \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0$

r ₀Be the rolling circle radius, α is a pressure angle, inv α=tg α-α;

4) gear form error evaluation;

A is with the original position (Δ X, Δ Y) and the initial gaging pressure of the corresponding gauge head angle α of gauge head ₀Record data d ₁, d ₂..., d _n,

d ₁，d ₂，…，d _n，

B is according to the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that obtains gauge head of above-mentioned measured value ₀, and really go out theoretical error measured value t by this parameter value ₁, t ₂..., t _n,

C is with the data d that records ₁, d ₂..., d _nDeduct theoretical error measured value t ₁, t ₂..., t _n, be the data that are used to evaluate profile error, promptly according to data d ₁-t ₁, d ₂-t ₂..., d _n-t _nCarry out the evaluation of profile error;

D adopts the biological heredity algorithm, the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that asks gauge head according to measured value ₀, chromosomal evaluation function is defined as:

C＝∑(t _i-d _i) ²；

5) according to the profile error evaluation result, the control diamond roller carries out crushing.

With the online method for trimming of form grinding emery wheel of the present invention, reduced invalid process time, improved grinding accuracy.This device is applicable to Gear Processing, spends strong axle processing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the dresser schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is a dresser motion control block diagram;

Fig. 3 is gear forming processing schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 determines figure for the measuring position;

Fig. 5 does not overlap the phenomenon schematic diagram for the involute theory locus with the gauge head track;

Fig. 6 is the location and the motion control schematic diagram of diamond roller.

The specific embodiment

By shown in Figure 1, the online trimmer of grinder wheel comprises on-line measurement 2, the measurement processor of the processed curve shape that is used for workpiece, and gage outfit 2, diamond roller 4 are connected with X-axis servomotor 5, Z axle servomotor 6 respectively.Gage outfit adopts lever inductance detecting head.

Gear 1 among Fig. 1 is a processing work, emery wheel 3 is the form grinding emery wheel on the grinding machine, when emery wheel need be repaired, as shown in Figure 2, dresser is controlled the motion of X-axis (vertically) servomotor and Z axle (above-below direction) servomotor by digital control system, realize the curvilinear motion of emery wheel, thereby finish the finishing of the curve profile of emery wheel.In order to measure processing tooth-formation of gear error, can a gage outfit be installed on dresser, the installation site is as shown in Figure 1.Its objective is that the X-axis servomotor that utilizes on the dresser and Z axle servomotor realize the curvilinear motion track of gage outfit, as shown in Figure 2, thereby finish the measurement of profile error.The specific implementation step of the online method for trimming of form grinding emery wheel of the present invention is:

1) the Machine-Tool Control forming grinding wheel moves at directions X, realizes Forming Grinding of Gears, as shown in Figure 3,

2) finish grinding after, the Machine-Tool Control emery wheel is removed gear, and the lever gage outfit is moved to gear measurement

Backkick backlash is put in the position, with the bottom that hand is moved the lever gauge head, makes the gauge head and the flank of tooth at base

Contact as shown in Figure 4 near the circle;

3) according to following involute equation, and by X-axis (vertically) servomotor and Z axle (upper and lower

To) the moving interpolation control survey head of servomotor moves along desirable involute path, records number

According to:

$X=\frac{\sin \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0---\left(1\right)$

$y=\frac{\cos \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0$

r ₀Be the rolling circle radius, α is a pressure angle, inv α=tg α-α; , in the gauge head motion process,

Because the initial position of gauge head is placed by operating personnel, can not guarantee exactly gauge head to be placed on

On the basic circle, therefore cause gauge head movement locus and the problem that actual involute path does not overlap, make

Must also can measure very big profile error even without the gear-profile of error, make profile error

Evaluation bring difficulty, as shown in Figure 5, A represents the gauge head track among the figure, B is a theory locus,

d ₁Be measured value.This error must obtain revising, and this also is a technological core of the present invention;

4) gear form error evaluation;

A establishes the original position (Δ X, Δ Y) of gauge head, and then the gauge head actual path is:

x ₁＝x+ΔX

y ₁＝y+ΔY

If the initial gaging pressure of gauge head angle is α ₀, then

ΔX＝x′-x ₀

ΔY＝y′-y ₀

X ', y ' are with α in the formula ₀The substitution involute equation calculate and x, y value, x ₀, y ₀For pressure angle is 0 o'clock, the x, the y value that calculate by involute equation.If gauge head is at original position α ₀When locating setting in motion, the data that record are:

d ₁，d ₂，…，d _n，

The measurement problem of gear form error can be converted into according to above measured value, carries out the evaluation of profile error.

B is according to the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that obtains gauge head of above-mentioned measured value ₀, and determine theoretical error measured value t by this parameter value ₁, t ₂..., t _n,

C is with the data d that records ₁, d ₂..., d _nDeduct theoretical error measured value t ₁, t ₂..., t _n, be the data that are used to evaluate profile error, promptly according to data d ₁-t ₁, d ₂-t ₂..., d _n-t _nCarry out the evaluation of profile error;

D adopts the biological heredity algorithm, the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that asks gauge head according to measured value ₀, chromosomal evaluation function is defined as:

C＝∑(t _i-d _i) ²；

5) according to the profile error evaluation result, when the profile error evaluation result was overproof, the control diamond rolled

Wheel carries out crushing.As shown in Figure 6, arrow is depicted as the emery wheel direction of motion, by

The mobile respectively emery wheel of machine tool numerical control system is to the both sides of emery wheel, thus determine emery wheel in

Heart position coordinates A point is a benchmark with this point then, and the control emery wheel moves to the B point, and

According to involute equation, servo by X-axis (vertically) servomotor and Z axle (above-below direction)

The moving interpolation control emery wheel of motor is finished the finishing process of emery wheel.

Claims (2)

1, the online method for trimming of a kind of form grinding emery wheel, it is characterized in that the on-line measurement and the data of gear being handled, differentiate the duty of emery wheel by a numerically control grinder truer, and the trimming curve of definite emery wheel, automatically generate the finishing program, the step of method is:

1) the Machine-Tool Control forming grinding wheel moves at directions X, realizes Forming Grinding of Gears;

2) finish grinding after, the Machine-Tool Control emery wheel is removed gear, and the lever gage outfit is moved to the gear measurement position, puts into backkick backlash, and gauge head is contacted near basic circle with the flank of tooth;

3) according to following involute equation, and move along desirable involute path, record data by the moving interpolation control survey head of X-axis servo longitudinal motor and Z axle above-below direction servomotor:

$X=\frac{\sin \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0---\left(1\right)$

$y=\frac{\cos \left(\mathrm{inv\α}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{r}_0$

r ₀Be the rolling circle radius, α is a pressure angle, inv α=tg α-α;

4) gear form error evaluation;

A is α with the original position (Δ X, Δ Y) and the initial gaging pressure of the corresponding gauge head angle of gauge head ₀Record data d ₁, d ₂..., d _n

B is according to the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that obtains gauge head of above-mentioned measured value ₀, and determine theoretical error measured value t by this parameter value ₁, t ₂..., t _n

C is with the data d that records ₁, d ₂..., d _nDeduct theoretical error measured value t ₁, t ₂..., t _n, be the data that are used to evaluate profile error, promptly according to data d ₁-t ₁, d ₂-t ₂..., d _n-t _nCarry out the evaluation of profile error;

D adopts the biological heredity algorithm, the anti-initial gaging pressure angle α that asks gauge head according to measured value ₀, chromosomal evaluation function is defined as:

C＝∑(t _i-d _i) ²；

5) profile error evaluation result, the control diamond roller carries out crushing.

2, the online method for trimming of form grinding emery wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the online trimmer of described grinder wheel comprises on-line measurement head (2), the measurement processor of the processed curve shape that is used for gear, and gage outfit (2), diamond roller (4) are connected with X-axis servomotor (5), Z axle servomotor (6) respectively.

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