CN118513907B - Monitoring and protecting method for self-learning and self-retracting of drilling tool of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of a machine tool drilling tool, which belongs to the technical field of machining center machine tools, and includes the following operation steps: the first step: setting relevant data through a human-machine interface; the second step: obtaining a tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H and a tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable K through relevant logical operations of the first self-learning process; the third step: by setting a program M code as the opening and closing instructions of the tool protection monitoring function, the early warning reminder, warning prompt, and safe retracting of the tool protection are realized in real time; the fourth step: the system gives an early warning reminder or performs a tool protection safe retracting action. Prevent the occurrence of tool burning or sticking problems, prevent the burning and welding problems of the tool and the workpiece, and realize tool protection in the drilling process, with the characteristics of good operation stability, long tool life and high processing efficiency.

Description

Monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of drilling tools in machine tools

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining center machine tools, and in particular to a monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of a drilling tool of a machine tool.

Background Art

CNC machine tools often encounter blade chipping and breakage problems during drilling metal machining, especially for U-drill tool machining. When blade chipping occurs, if it is not discovered and machining is not stopped in time, it will cause the tool and workpiece to generate high temperatures due to high-speed friction, resulting in tool burning or tool sticking. When tool burning or tool sticking occurs, it will be difficult or impossible to remove the tool from the workpiece, and in severe cases, the workpiece and tool will be scrapped, causing serious economic losses to the user.

Summary of the invention

The present invention mainly solves the problem of tool burning or sticking after the abnormal state of tool chipping is detected during the drilling process of the machine tool, and prevents the problem of tool burning or welding between the tool and the workpiece, thereby realizing tool protection in the drilling process. It has the characteristics of good operating stability, long tool life and high processing efficiency.

The present invention provides a monitoring and protection method for the self-learning and self-retracting drilling tools of machine tools. Through relevant data algorithms and machine tool control, the protection monitoring of the drilling tools of CNC machine tools is realized. When abnormal conditions such as tool chipping are detected during the cutting process, timely early warning reminders and warning prompts are realized, and the machine tool is controlled so that the tool can automatically lift the tool in the reverse direction to a safe position of the machine tool, and the machine tool is shut down after executing other tool protection actions, so as to avoid further damage to the tool and the workpiece, and reduce the economic loss of the user.

The above technical problems of the present invention are mainly solved by the following technical solutions:

A monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of a machine tool drilling tool comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Set the tool monitoring current valid group number variable value A, tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B, tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C, tool monitoring Z-axis effective stroke value D, self-learning data collection times value E, tool monitoring early warning function enable G, tool protection Z-axis tool lift displacement mode L, tool protection Z-axis tool lift incremental displacement distance value M, and tool protection Z-axis tool lift displacement speed value N through the human-machine interface.

Step 2: Obtain the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H and the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable K through the relevant logical operations of the first self-learning process.

Step 3: By setting the program M code as the opening and closing instructions of the tool protection monitoring function, early warning reminders, warning prompts, and safe tool retraction can be monitored in real time throughout the tool protection process.

Step 4: When the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable K, the system gives a warning reminder and the machine tool continues to use for processing; when the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, the system gives a warning prompt and controls the machine tool Z axis to perform a tool protection safety retract action; when the Z-axis motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C, the system gives a warning prompt and controls the machine tool Z axis to perform a tool protection safety retract action.

The CNC system is equipped with a spindle motor load rate calculator, a PMC programmable controller and a human-machine interface for setting relevant parameter data. The output load rate data and the variation range of the spindle motor and Z-axis motor are sensed and detected in real time through the PMC program.

Preferably, the program instruction for turning on the tool protection monitoring function is M200, and the instruction for turning it off is M201; the machine tool Z axis moves in the opposite direction to a safe position at the set speed of the tool protection Z axis tool lifting displacement speed value N, and then stops for processing. At the same time, the spindle rotation action is turned off, the machine tool cooling water pump action is turned off, and the LED alarm light and the alarm are triggered for sound and light warning reminders; two control modes are provided for the Z axis to retract the tool in the opposite direction to a safe position, which are determined by the tool protection Z axis tool lifting displacement mode L setting of the human-machine interface. When set to incremental mode, the Z axis lifts the tool in the opposite direction to the tool protection Z axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M. When set to absolute mode, the Z axis lifts the tool in the opposite direction to the mechanical zero position of the machine tool Z axis.

As a preferred option, the tool monitoring current effective group number variable value A has a setting range of 1 to 9. Currently, 9 groups of group number settings can be provided. Group number design is increased according to user needs, and each group number corresponds to a different tool monitoring warning spindle motor load rate threshold register. The data value in the register can be set manually and automatically through self-learning. When the tool protection monitoring is turned on, the data of the register corresponding to the setting value of the tool monitoring current effective group number variable value A will be automatically read, which is equal to the value assigned to the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H; the tool monitoring current effective group number variable value A provides two modes of manual and automatic setting. The automatic setting is associated with the spindle tool number. When the tool number is T01, A is set to 1, T02 is set to 2, and so on, T09 is set to 9.

As a preferred option, the tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B has a setting range of 10 to 30; the B value participates in the calculation of the tool monitoring warning delay time value T1, and the unit of T1 is seconds, T1 = tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B × 0.1. If the current spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, and this state remains valid after T1 time, the system warning reminder is immediately triggered and the machine tool Z axis is controlled to perform tool protection safety retraction action; the smaller the B value, the higher the tool monitoring sensitivity, and the faster the response to the abnormal trigger warning; the larger the B value, the lower the tool monitoring sensitivity, and the slower the response to the abnormal trigger warning; the tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B needs to be set according to different specifications of tools.

As a preferred option, the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C is set in the range of 0 to 100; if the current Z-axis motor load rate is greater than C, and this state remains valid after T1 time, the system warning reminder is immediately triggered and the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to perform tool protection safety retract action. When C is set to 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and Z-axis motor load rate is turned off. When C is set to greater than 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and Z-axis motor load rate is turned on. The tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C is set according to different specifications of tools.

Preferably, the tool monitors the effective stroke value D of the Z axis, unit: mm, setting range -300 to 0; when D is set equal to 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and D is turned off, and when D is set greater than 0, when the tool protection monitoring function is turned on, when the drilling processing Z axis feeds to the tool monitoring Z axis effective stroke value D, the tool protection monitoring function is automatically turned off. The setting of D value is turned on or off according to the user's on-site processing requirements.

As a preferred embodiment, the self-learning data collection times value E is set in the range of 10 to 100; the process of self-learning data collection is as follows: start the machine tool processing program to perform workpiece drilling and cutting, turn on the self-learning data collection through the human-machine interface, read the current spindle motor load rate value once and assign it to the operation register I, execute the operation register I plus 5-fixed margin value, and assign the value of register I to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring, and at the same time, the self-learning collection count cumulative value F is increased by 1, and after an interval of 3 seconds, the current spindle motor load rate value is read again, and the value in the operation register I is increased by 5 , judge the size of register I value and the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of tool monitoring. If the register I value is greater than the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of tool monitoring, the value of register I is equal to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of tool monitoring, and the self-learning acquisition count accumulative value F is added by 1. Repeat the above actions until the F value is equal to the self-learning data acquisition times E, turn off the self-learning data acquisition, obtain the maximum load rate value of the spindle motor in the drilling process plus 5-fixed margin value through data self-learning, and finally assign the result to the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H. The self-learning process is generally turned on and used during the first processing. If the tool specification type is changed or the drilling processing process is changed, self-learning data acquisition needs to be performed again.

As a preference, the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on G, with a setting range of 0 to 1. When the G value is 1, the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on, and when it is 0, the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned off; when the G value is 1, the data in the tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K takes effect. When the spindle motor load rate during the drilling process is greater than the K value, the system early warning reminder message is triggered, but the machine tool can continue processing. The purpose is to give the user an early warning prompt of tool monitoring abnormalities in advance, so that the user can stop the machine in time to check the tool damage. The data of the tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K is obtained through self-learning data acquisition and operation. The acquisition and operation process is as follows: the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on and G is set to 1, the machine tool processing program is started to drill and cut the workpiece, the tool protection monitoring function is turned on and effective, the current spindle motor load rate value is read once and equal to the value assigned to the operation register 2, and the self-learning acquisition count accumulated value F is increased by 1. After waiting for an interval of 3 seconds, the current spindle motor load rate value is read again, and the value in the original register II is added and summed, and the calculated data result is written into register II, and the self-learning acquisition count accumulated value F is increased by 1. The above actions are repeated until the F value is equal to the self-learning data collection times value E, and the value in register II is divided by the E value to obtain the average value of the spindle motor load rate during the drilling and cutting process. After adding 3 (fixed margin value) to the average value, the result is equal to the value assigned to the tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K.

As a preference, the tool protection Z-axis tool lift displacement mode L has a setting range of 0 to 1. When the L value is 0, the Z-axis tool lift displacement is in incremental mode. When the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the reverse direction to the tool protection Z-axis tool lift incremental displacement distance value M; when the L value is 1, the Z-axis tool lift displacement is in absolute mode. When the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the reverse direction to the mechanical zero position.

As a preference, the tool protection Z-axis tool lift incremental displacement distance value M is in millimeters. When the tool protection Z-axis tool lift displacement mode L is set to 0, it takes effect when the incremental mode control is selected.

Preferably, the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement speed value N is in millimeters/minute. When the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the reverse direction to a safe position with the feed displacement speed of N value.

The present invention can achieve the following effects:

The present invention provides a monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting drilling tools of machine tools. Compared with the prior art, the present invention realizes the whole-process real-time monitoring of tool protection during the drilling process of machine tools through the spindle motor load rate calculator, PMC programmable controller and the human-machine interface set with relevant parameter data, and solves the problem of tool burning or sticking after the abnormal state of tool chipping occurs, and prevents the problem of tool burning and welding between tools and workpieces. Through the relevant data algorithm and machine tool control, the protection monitoring of drilling tools of CNC machine tools can be realized, and timely and effective alarm reminders can be realized, and the machine tool can be controlled so that the tool can automatically lift the tool in the reverse direction to the safe position of the machine tool, and the machine stops after executing other tool protection actions, so as to avoid further damage to the tool and workpiece, and reduce the economic loss of users.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solution of the invention is further specifically described below through embodiments.

Embodiment: A monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of a machine tool drilling tool, comprising a spindle motor load rate calculator configured in a numerical control system, a PMC programmable controller and a human-machine interface for setting relevant parameter data, and real-time sensing and detection of the output load rate data of the spindle motor and the Z-axis motor and their change amplitude through the PMC program, and setting the current effective group number variable value A for tool monitoring, the tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B, the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold value C, the tool monitoring Z-axis effective stroke value D, the self-learning data collection times value E, the tool monitoring early warning function activation G, the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement mode L, the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M, and the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement speed value N through the human-machine interface. Execute the first self-learning data acquisition operation, start the machine tool processing program to drill and cut the workpiece, start the self-learning data acquisition, read the current spindle motor load rate value once and assign it to the operation register I, execute the operation register I plus 5 (fixed margin value), and assign the value of register I to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring. At the same time, the self-learning acquisition count accumulated value F is increased by 1. After waiting for 3 seconds, read the current spindle motor load rate value again, execute the operation register I plus 5, judge the size of the register 1 value and the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring. If the register I value is greater than the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring, the value of register 1 is equal to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring, and the self-learning acquisition count accumulated value F is increased by 1. Repeat the above actions until the F value is equal to the self-learning data acquisition times E, turn off the self-learning data acquisition, and assign the register operation result corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring to the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H. Start the machine tool processing program to drill and cut the workpiece. Execute M200 to open the tool protection monitoring function. When the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, and the state remains valid after the tool monitoring warning delay time value T1 (unit: second) (the calculation formula is: T1 = tool abnormal monitoring sensitivity variable value B × 0.1), the system will give a warning prompt "R44.15 tool monitoring state abnormality, tool wear or cutting obstruction warning", and control the machine tool Z axis to perform tool protection safety retract action. The tool protection action includes: the machine tool Z axis moves in the reverse direction to the safe position and stops processing according to the set speed of the tool protection Z axis tool lifting displacement speed value N, and at the same time turns off the spindle rotation action, turns off the machine tool cooling water pump action, and triggers the LED alarm light and alarm for sound and light warning reminders. There are two control modes for Z-axis reverse retraction to a safe position. If the tool protection Z-axis tool lift displacement mode L is set to 0 for incremental mode, the Z-axis reversely lifts the tool to the position of the tool protection Z-axis tool lift incremental displacement distance value M. If the L value is set to 1 for absolute mode, the Z-axis reversely lifts the tool to the machine tool Z-axis mechanical zero position. If the machine tool drilling process does not detect any abnormal situation, when the program instruction M201 is executed, the tool protection monitoring function is turned off.

When the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C is not 0, for example, C value is set to 60, the machine tool processing program is started to drill and cut the workpiece, and M200 is executed to open the tool protection monitoring function. When the machine tool Z-axis motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold, and this state remains valid after the tool monitoring warning delay time value T1 (unit: second) (the calculation formula is: T1 = tool abnormal monitoring sensitivity variable value B × 0.1), the system gives a warning prompt "R44.15 tool monitoring state abnormality, tool wear or cutting obstruction warning", and controls the machine tool Z axis to perform tool protection safety retract action, the Z axis moves in the opposite direction to lift the tool to a safe position and then stops processing, and at the same time turns off the spindle rotation action, turns off the machine tool cooling water pump action, and triggers the LED alarm light and alarm for sound and light warning reminders. If no abnormal situation is detected during the machine tool drilling process, when the program instruction M201 is executed, the tool protection monitoring function is turned off.

When the tool monitoring Z-axis effective stroke value D is set to a non-zero value, for example, D value is set to -200, the machine tool processing program is started to drill and cut the workpiece, and M200 is executed to turn on the tool protection monitoring function. If the machine tool Z-axis moving position coordinate value is greater than -200 (within the tool monitoring effective stroke range), when the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, this state remains valid after the tool monitoring warning delay time value T1 (unit: second) (the calculation formula is: T1 = tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B × 0.1), the system gives a warning prompt "R44.15 tool monitoring status abnormality, tool wear or cutting obstruction warning", and controls the machine tool Z-axis to move the tool in the opposite direction according to the set speed of the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement speed value N to a safe position and then stop processing, and at the same time turn off the spindle rotation action, turn off the machine tool cooling water pump action, and trigger the LED alarm light and alarm for sound and light warning reminders. If the coordinate value of the machine tool Z-axis moving position is less than -200 (outside the effective travel range of tool monitoring) and no abnormal situation is detected during the drilling process, the tool protection monitoring function will be automatically turned off. The purpose of this control method is to provide users with a variety of tool monitoring forms. Tool protection monitoring is only effective within a specific effective travel range of the Z-axis. The monitoring function can be automatically turned off after exceeding the range, and the M201 command does not need to be specified in the drilling process.

When the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on and G is set to 1, the machine tool processing program is started to drill and cut the workpiece. Execute M200 to turn on the tool protection monitoring function. The tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K is cleared, and the current spindle motor load rate value is read once and assigned to the operation register II. At the same time, the self-learning acquisition count accumulative value F is increased by 1. After waiting for 3 seconds, the current spindle motor load rate value is read again, and the addition operation is performed with the original value in register II. The calculation data result is written into register II, and the self-learning acquisition count accumulative value F is increased by 1. Repeat the above actions until the F value is equal. For the self-learning data collection times E, divide the value in register 2 by the E value to obtain the average value of the spindle motor load rate during the drilling and cutting process. After adding 3 (fixed margin value) to the average value, the result is equal to the tool monitoring and warning spindle load rate threshold variable K. At this time, the tool monitoring and warning function takes effect. When the spindle motor load rate during the drilling process is greater than the K value, the system warning reminder message "R590.15 Predicted tool monitoring status abnormal warning" is triggered, but the machine tool can continue processing. The purpose is to give the user an early warning of tool monitoring abnormalities so that the user can stop the machine in time to check the tool damage.

In summary, this monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting drilling tools of machine tools has the characteristics of good operating stability, long tool life, and high processing efficiency. It completely solves the problem of tool burning or sticking caused by tool chipping, prevents the problem of burning and welding of tools and workpieces, realizes tool protection during the drilling process, and realizes real-time monitoring of tool abnormalities without manual supervision, early warning reminders, warning prompts, and automatic retracting safety protection. The self-learning and self-retracting monitoring and protection method for machine tool drilling tools has a wide range of applications and good human-computer interaction, and users can quickly and easily get started.

The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes or modifications made by any technician in the field of the present invention are included in the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of a machine tool drilling tool, characterized by comprising the following operating steps: Step 1: Set the current effective group number variable value A of tool monitoring, the sensitivity variable value B of tool abnormality monitoring, the Z-axis load rate threshold value C of tool monitoring warning, the effective stroke value D of tool monitoring Z-axis, the number of self-learning data collection times E, the tool monitoring early warning function G, the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement mode L, the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M, and the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement speed value N through the human-machine interface; Step 2: Obtain tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H and tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable K through relevant logic operations in the first self-learning process; Step 3: By setting the program M code as the opening and closing instructions of the tool protection monitoring function, the early warning reminder, warning prompt and safe tool retraction of the tool protection can be realized in real time; Step 4: When the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable K, the system gives a warning reminder and the machine tool continues to use for processing; when the spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, the system gives a warning prompt and controls the machine tool Z axis to perform a tool protection safety retract action; when the Z axis motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning Z axis load rate threshold C, the system gives a warning prompt and controls the machine tool Z axis to perform a tool protection safety retract action; The number of self-learning data collection times E is set in the range of 10 to 100; the process of self-learning data collection is as follows: start the machine tool processing program to drill and cut the workpiece, turn on the self-learning data collection through the human-machine interface, read the current spindle motor load rate value once and assign it to the operation register I, execute the operation register I plus 5-fixed margin value, and assign the value of register I to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring. At the same time, the self-learning collection count accumulative value F is increased by 1. After waiting for 3 seconds, read the current spindle motor load rate value again, execute the operation register I plus 5, and judge the value of register I and the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring. Small comparison, if the value of register I is greater than the register value corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring, the value of register I is assigned to the register corresponding to the current effective group number variable value A of the tool monitoring, and the self-learning acquisition count cumulative value F is increased by 1, and the above actions are repeated until the F value is equal to the self-learning data acquisition times value E, and the self-learning data acquisition is turned off. Through data self-learning, the maximum load rate value of the spindle motor in the drilling process is obtained plus 5-fixed margin value, and finally the result is assigned to the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H; the self-learning process is generally turned on and used during the first processing. If the tool specification type is changed or the drilling processing process is changed, self-learning data acquisition needs to be re-executed. 2. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the program instruction for turning on the tool protection monitoring function is M200, and the closing instruction is M201; the machine tool Z axis moves in reverse to a safe position and then stops processing according to the set speed of the tool protection Z axis tool lifting displacement speed value N, and at the same time turns off the spindle rotation action, turns off the machine tool cooling water pump action, and triggers the LED alarm light and the alarm for sound and light warning reminders; two control mode options are provided for the Z axis to retract in the reverse direction to a safe position, which is determined according to the tool protection Z axis tool lifting displacement mode L setting of the human-machine interface. When set to incremental mode, the Z axis reversely lifts the tool to the tool protection Z axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M position; when set to absolute mode, the Z axis reversely lifts the tool to the machine tool Z axis mechanical zero position. 3. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool monitors the current effective group number variable value A, the setting range is: 1 to 9, and 9 groups of group number settings can be provided. The group number design is increased according to user needs, and each group number corresponds to a different tool monitoring warning spindle motor load rate threshold register, and the data value in the register can be set manually and automatically through self-learning; when the tool protection monitoring is turned on, the data of the register corresponding to the setting value of the tool monitoring current effective group number variable value A will be automatically read, which is equal to the value assigned to the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H; the tool monitoring current effective group number variable value A provides two modes of manual and automatic setting, among which the automatic setting is associated with the spindle tool number, and A is set to 1 for tool number T01, set A to 2 for T02, and so on, set A to 9 for T09. 4. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B is set in the range of 10 to 30; the B value participates in the calculation of the tool monitoring warning delay time value T1, the unit of T1 is seconds, T1 = tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B × 0.1; if the current spindle motor load rate is greater than the tool monitoring warning spindle load rate threshold variable H, and this state remains valid after T1 time, the system warning reminder is immediately triggered and the machine tool Z axis is controlled to perform a tool protection safety retract action; the smaller the B value, the higher the tool monitoring sensitivity, and the faster the abnormal trigger warning response, the larger the B value, the lower the tool monitoring sensitivity, and the slower the abnormal trigger warning response; the tool abnormality monitoring sensitivity variable value B needs to be set according to tools of different specifications. 5. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C is set in the range of 0 to 100; if the current Z-axis motor load rate is greater than C, and this state remains valid after T1 time, the system warning reminder is immediately triggered and the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to perform a tool protection safety retract action; when C is set to 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and Z-axis motor load rate is turned off, and when C is set to greater than 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and Z-axis motor load rate is turned on, and the tool monitoring warning Z-axis load rate threshold C is set according to tools of different specifications. 6. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool monitors the effective stroke value D of the Z axis, unit: millimeter, setting range -300 to 0; when D is set equal to 0, the association between tool protection monitoring and D is turned off, and when D is set greater than 0, after the tool protection monitoring function is turned on, when the drilling processing Z axis feeds to the tool monitoring Z axis effective stroke value D, the tool protection monitoring function is automatically turned off, and the setting of the D value is turned on or off according to the user's on-site processing requirements. 7. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on G, the setting range is 0~1, the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on when the G value is 1, and the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on when it is 0; when the G value is 1, the data in the tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K takes effect, and when the spindle motor load rate during the drilling process is greater than the K value, the system early warning reminder information is triggered, but the machine tool can continue to process and execute, the purpose is to give the user an early warning prompt of tool monitoring abnormalities in advance, so that the user can stop the machine in time to check the tool damage; the data of the tool monitoring and early warning spindle load rate threshold variable K is obtained through self-learning data acquisition and calculation, and the acquisition and calculation process is as follows: the tool monitoring and early warning function is turned on Set G to 1, start the machine tool processing program to drill and cut the workpiece, turn on the tool protection monitoring function, read the current spindle motor load rate value once and assign it to the operation register II, and at the same time, add 1 to the self-learning acquisition count accumulative value F. After waiting for 3 seconds, read the current spindle motor load rate value again, add it to the original value in register II, write the calculated data result into register II, add 1 to the self-learning acquisition count accumulative value F, and repeat the above actions until the F value is equal to the self-learning data collection times E. Divide the value in register II by the E value to obtain the average value of the spindle motor load rate during the drilling and cutting process. After adding 3 to the average value, assign the result to the tool monitoring and warning spindle load rate threshold variable K. 8. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement mode L has a setting range of 0 to 1; when the L value is 0, the Z-axis tool lifting displacement is in incremental mode, and when the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the opposite direction to the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M; when the L value is 1, the Z-axis tool lifting displacement is in absolute mode, and when the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the opposite direction to the mechanical zero position. 9. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retraction of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting incremental displacement distance value M is in millimeters, and when the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement mode L is set to 0, it takes effect when the incremental mode control is selected. 10. The monitoring and protection method for self-learning and self-retracting of machine tool drilling tools according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tool protection Z-axis tool lifting displacement speed value N is in millimeters/minute. When the tool abnormality monitoring warning is triggered, the machine tool Z-axis is controlled to lift the tool in the opposite direction to a safe position with the feed displacement speed of N value.