CN118461710A - Water-retention drought-resistant system for land-leveling forestation in arid region and implementation method - Google Patents
Water-retention drought-resistant system for land-leveling forestation in arid region and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/02—Combinations of filters of different kinds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-retention drought-resistant system for afforestation in a arid region flat land, which comprises a afforestation region, wherein a plurality of water collecting regions are arranged in the afforestation region, and the water collecting regions are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix; a water collecting ditch is formed between any two adjacent water collecting areas; a closed water storage structure is arranged below the soil of each water collecting area; and a plurality of self-priming ropes are also arranged in each water storage structure. The invention has simple integral structure and convenient implementation, can effectively collect rainwater for persistent water storage and automatic water supplement, can be realized without adding electrical equipment, reduces the energy consumption and the cost of the system, does not harm the environment, and can effectively ensure the water circulation and ecological balance of the original ecological system of the forestation area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-retention drought-resistant and greening forestation, in particular to a water-retention drought-resistant system for forestation in a arid region flat land.
Background
Moisture is a key limiting factor for ecological restoration in arid and semiarid regions, and in order to ensure the replenishment of moisture, researchers have developed and applied various drought-resistant technologies including water-saving irrigation, water storage and retention, drought-resistant plant cultivation and the like.
The existing water storage and preservation technology mainly comprises the following steps:
The rainwater collecting and utilizing technology is a widely applied water storage and preservation method. By setting up rainwater collection facilities such as roof collection systems, ground drainage systems, water collection pits and the like, precipitation is effectively collected and used for irrigation and water storage. The technology not only realizes the maximum utilization of rainwater resources, but also reduces the dependence on groundwater or other water sources.
The underground water storage technology is also an important water storage and preservation means. The technology can store rainwater or groundwater by utilizing underground water storage facilities such as ditches, water vaults, ponds and the like, and ensures that trees can still have stable water source supply during drought.
The soil water retention technology is also an important way for improving the water storage and retention capacity of the soil. Through measures such as improving soil structure, adding water retention agent, the technology can obviously promote the water retention capacity of soil, reduce the evaporation loss of moisture, not only help improving soil environment, but also can provide better growth conditions for trees.
In addition, other water storage and retention technologies, such as terraced fields, hillside interception technologies, slope water storage technologies, trench top protection engineering technologies and the like, are designed according to different topography and hydrologic conditions, and aim to effectively intercept, store and utilize rainwater resources, by combining the existing water-saving irrigation technology, such as drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation and other modern irrigation systems, the technology can accurately and quantitatively irrigate the trees, only reduces the waste of water, improves the water utilization efficiency, and is beneficial to promoting the healthy growth of the trees.
However, existing water storage and retention techniques have limitations that are mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. many water storage and retention technologies have limited water collection areas, which results in limited water storage, which is particularly apparent in areas where long drought or high water demands are to be addressed. For example, some water storage and retention measures for single trees, such as a method of using a water retention barrel and a water retention agent, are helpful for survival of trees to a certain extent, but the water storage capacity and the water retention time are limited, so that long-term drought is difficult to cope with. 2. The implementation cost of partial water storage and retention technologies is high, and particularly in areas with underdeveloped economies or limited resources, the popularization and application of the technologies may be limited by funds shortage. 3. The partial water storage and retention technology needs a large amount of energy support, increases the running cost of the technology, for example, in plain areas, or adopts a mode of combining soil improvement and mechanical irrigation systems to resist drought and retain water, and needs to arrange more pipelines and water source loss, so that the technology is difficult to implement, high in operation and maintenance difficulty and high in cost, and is not suitable for large-area or large-scale implementation and application. 4. Part of the water storage and retention technology can have negative effects on the environment. For example, soil is irrigated by groundwater, and the use of improper water sources such as mineral water, saline-alkali water, etc. may cause problems of salinization of the soil, etc., causing damages to natural water circulation and ecological balance, resulting in degradation of the ecosystem.
And when retaining water, retaining water effect can receive the influence of multiple factor, natural factors such as rainfall, evaporation capacity, topography, soil type etc. and social factors such as artificial activity and management mode, all probably influence retaining water effect, therefore, in practical application, need select and adjust according to the specific condition to reach best retaining water effect, and at present most retaining water technique all has certain limitation, can't carry out extensive, full regional popularization and application.
Therefore, based on the existing water storage and retention technology, limitations exist in water storage capacity, cost, environmental influence, effect stability and the like, and in order to overcome the limitations, it is necessary to provide a water retention drought-resistant technology with high water storage capacity, low cost, low energy consumption and durable water supplementing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the water-retaining drought-resistant system for the flat-land forestation in the arid region, which has the advantages of simple integral structure, convenient implementation, capability of effectively collecting rainwater for persistent water storage and automatic water supplementing, realization without adding electrical equipment, reduction of system energy consumption and cost, no harm to the environment, and effective guarantee of water circulation and ecological balance of the original ecological system in the forestation region.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: the water-retaining drought-resistant system for the flat-land forestation in the arid region comprises a forestation region, wherein a plurality of water collecting regions for planting grass are arranged in the forestation region, the water collecting regions are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, and the areas between any adjacent four water collecting regions form a arbor planting region; a water collecting ditch is formed between any two adjacent water collecting areas and is used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas; a closed water storage structure is arranged below the soil of each water collecting area, and all the water storage structures are communicated with each other; the top of the water storage structure is provided with an arc-shaped concave structure with a low middle part and a high edge, and the middle part of the arc-shaped concave structure is provided with an anti-blocking water seepage funnel which is communicated with the inside of the water storage structure; and a plurality of self-priming ropes are further arranged in each water storage structure, the self-priming ropes are arranged at intervals, wherein the self-priming ropes positioned on the upper part of the water storage structure are vertically arranged and extend into the soil of the water collecting area above the water storage structure, and the self-priming ropes positioned on the periphery of the water storage structure extend out into the soil outside the water storage structure and are horizontally arranged.
Based on the technical scheme, the forestation area is also provided with a communicated transverse water interception ditch and a longitudinal water interception ditch outside, the forestation area is enclosed by the transverse water interception ditch and the longitudinal water interception ditch, and the longitudinal water interception ditches are communicated with the adjacent water collection areas or water collection ditches through a plurality of branch ditches.
Based on above technical scheme, be provided with two-layer filter layer about preventing in the anti-clogging infiltration funnel, the lower floor filter layer is non-woven fabrics layer or gauze layer, the upper filter layer is coarse sand layer or gravel layer.
Based on the technical scheme, the self-priming rope is a hemp rope, a cotton rope, a straw rope or a sponge rod.
Based on the technical scheme, the mutual distance between the self-priming ropes is 10-20 cm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, and the ground distance between the self-priming ropes and the water collecting area is 25-35 cm.
Based on the technical scheme, the surface soil of the forestation area is further covered with an improvement layer, the improvement layer comprises an upper gravel layer and a lower mixed layer, and the mixed layer is prepared by mixing water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20.
Based on the technical scheme, a plurality of water blocking ridges are arranged in the water collecting ditch at intervals, and the interval distance of the water blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m.
Based on the technical scheme, the water collecting area is of a disc-shaped structure with low middle and high periphery, and annular ridges protruding upwards are arranged around the water collecting area; the water collecting ditches penetrate through the annular soil ridge to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas, and the arbor planting areas are formed between any four adjacent water collecting areas and four water collecting ditches communicating the four water collecting areas.
Based on the technical scheme, the water collecting area is of a horizontal square structure, and the periphery of the water collecting area is dug downwards to form the water collecting ditch; the water collecting ditches are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction; the junction of the catchment ditches forms the arbor planting area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention combines the topography transformation, water collection, water storage and water supplementing into a whole, the topography transformation is utilized to set the water storage structure below the soil, and the area above the soil is remedied to form a water collection area, a water collection ditch, a water interception ditch and the like, so that rainwater is uniformly drained to a forestation area, the redundant rainwater enters the water storage structure in a penetration way to store the natural rainwater nearby, the water distribution is regulated and controlled in time, the utilization rate of the rainwater is improved, the self-suction rope with a capillary channel is utilized to automatically adsorb and slowly release the rainwater into the soil, the water loss is delayed, the lasting and continuous water supplementing effect is realized, the basic water content of the soil is maintained for a long time, the whole system is automatically completed without the assistance of other mechanical equipment facilities, the implementation difficulty is low, and the invention is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a water-holding drought-resistant implementation method for the land-leveling forestation in the arid region based on the water-holding drought-resistant system for the land-leveling forestation in the arid region, which comprises the following steps:
S1, taking a flat land as a forestation area, placing water storage structures or excavating the water storage structures in the forestation area to form the water storage structures, wherein the depth of the water storage structures is 0.5-1 m, and a plurality of water storage structures are communicated through pipelines;
s2, installing self-priming ropes on the upper part and the periphery of each water storage structure, wherein the self-priming ropes partially extend to the water storage structures, the mutual distance between the self-priming ropes is 10-20 cm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, and reinforcing treatment is carried out on the parts of the self-priming ropes extending out of the water storage structures, so that the self-priming ropes extending out of the upper parts of the water storage structures are vertically arranged, and the self-priming ropes extending out of the periphery of the water storage structures are horizontally arranged;
S3, backfilling soil to a forestation area, covering all the water storage structures to the designed soil thickness, ensuring the arrangement state of all the self-priming ropes during backfilling, enabling the self-priming ropes extending out of the upper part of the water storage structures to be 25-35 cm away from the surface of the backfilled soil, and leveling the backfilled area after the backfilling is completed;
S4, performing surface treatment on the backfilled areas, and treating the area above each water storage structure as a water collecting area for planting grass, wherein a plurality of water collecting areas are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, water collecting ditches are excavated between any two adjacent water collecting areas, and the water collecting ditches are used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas;
Wherein,
The water collecting area is remedied into a disc-shaped structure with low middle and high periphery, the radius of the disc-shaped structure is 1-1.5 m, annular soil ridges protruding upwards are arranged around the water collecting area, the cross section of each annular soil ridge is trapezoid, the width of each annular soil ridge is 25-35 cm, the depth of each annular soil ridge is 25-35 cm, and the side slope ratio is 1:0.5-1:1; the water collecting ditches penetrate through the annular soil ridge to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas, and tree planting areas are formed between any four adjacent water collecting areas and four water collecting ditches communicating the four water collecting areas;
Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
The water collecting area is remedied into a horizontal square structure, the water collecting grooves are formed by digging downwards around the water collecting area, the cross sections of the water collecting grooves are butterfly-shaped, the width of the water collecting grooves is 25-35 cm, the depth of the water collecting grooves is 25-35 cm, water blocking ridges are arranged at intervals of each water collecting groove, and the interval distance of the water blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m; the water collecting ditches are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction, and the junction of the water collecting ditches forms a arbor planting area;
S5, carrying out soil improvement on an upper soil covering improvement layer of the forestation area, wherein the improvement layer comprises an upper gravel layer and a lower mixed layer, the mixed layer is prepared by mixing a water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20, the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.5-2 cm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 25-35 cm;
S6, excavating a transverse water interception ditch at the uppermost part of the forestation area, excavating longitudinal water interception ditches at the left side and the right side of the forestation area, wherein the longitudinal water interception ditches are communicated with the transverse water interception ditches, the longitudinal water interception ditches are 30-50 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep, synchronously excavating branch ditches, the branch ditches are communicated with adjacent water collection areas or water collection ditches, and the ditch width of the branch ditches is 20-30 cm, so that the implementation of water retention and drought resistance is completed.
The method has the advantages of simple integral implementation steps and convenient implementation, can effectively collect and store rainwater, and can continuously and automatically carry out slow water supplementing in soil, so that the basic moisture content of the soil is kept for a long time, the subsequent water collection, water storage and water supplementing are automatically completed, other mechanical equipment and facilities are not required to be arranged for assistance, the implementation difficulty is low, the energy consumption, carbon emission and water consumption cost in ecological restoration implementation are reduced, and the method is suitable for popularization and application in a large range.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a system of a water-retaining drought-resistant system for flat-land forestation in arid regions when the water collection region is circular in embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal view of a system of a water-retaining drought-resistant system for flat-land forestation in arid regions when the water collection region is circular in embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a system of a water-retaining drought-resistant system for forestation in arid regions flat land when the water collection region is square in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal view of a system of a water-retaining drought-resistant system for afforestation on level lands in arid regions when the water collection regions are square in an embodiment;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at a in fig. 4.
The reference numerals in the figures are respectively expressed as:
1. A forestation area; 2. a water collection area; 3. arbor planting area; 4. a water collecting ditch; 5. a water storage structure; 6. anti-blocking water seepage funnel; 7. self-priming rope; 8. a transverse intercepting ditch; 9. a longitudinal water intercepting ditch; 10. supporting a ditch; 11. annular ridge.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of the present invention discloses a water-retaining drought-resistant system for afforestation in a arid region on a flat land, which comprises a afforestation region 1, wherein a plurality of water collecting regions 2 for planting grass are arranged in the afforestation region 1, the plurality of water collecting regions 2 are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, and a arbor planting region 3 is formed in the region between any adjacent four water collecting regions 2; a water collecting ditch 4 is formed between any two adjacent water collecting areas 2, and the water collecting ditch 4 is used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas 2; a closed water storage structure 5 is arranged below the soil of each water collecting area 2, and all the water storage structures 5 are communicated with each other; an arc-shaped concave structure with a low middle part and a high edge is formed at the top of the water storage structure 5, an anti-blocking water seepage funnel 6 is arranged at the middle part of the arc-shaped concave structure, and the anti-blocking water seepage funnel 6 is communicated with the inside of the water storage structure 5; and a plurality of self-priming ropes 7 are further arranged in each water storage structure 5, the self-priming ropes 7 are arranged at intervals, wherein the self-priming ropes 7 positioned on the upper part of the water storage structure 5 are vertically arranged and extend into the soil of the water collecting area 2 above the water storage structure 5, and the self-priming ropes 7 positioned on the periphery of the water storage structure 5 extend into the soil outside the water storage structure 5 and are horizontally arranged.
In the prior art, in some areas with flat topography, such as plain, when carrying out water retention and drought resistance, the combination mode of soil improvement water retention and ground irrigation system is adopted to realize, wherein soil improvement needs to use a large amount of water retention agents and the like, more manual execution and implementation are needed, and simultaneously the irrigation system not only needs to lay more pipelines for supporting, but also needs to use more water resources, control equipment, personnel and the like, so that the time and labor are consumed for implementation, the implementation difficulty and cost are high, and the later operation and maintenance are very troublesome.
Based on this, this embodiment is through forming collector region 2 and water collecting ditch 4 in forestation district 1, can collect unnecessary rainwater to in retaining structure 5, and can ensure through collector ditch 5 that all collector regions 2 can obtain effective, even water collecting effect, simultaneously, the rainwater of storage is adsorbed to self-priming rope 7 peripheral soil under the effect of self-priming rope 7 that has the capillary channel, thereby with the rainwater automatic, lasting absorption to collector region 2 and peripheral soil in moisturizing, and moisturizing speed is comparatively slow, can keep soil basic moisture content for a long time, still can satisfy the basic water demand of forestation district 1 interior plant, and then need not other energy consumption equipment such as take out water, irrigation, system's use energy consumption and cost have been reduced, simple structure when using, easy implementation also can reduce the implementation degree of difficulty, more can adapt to the use demand in different regions, be suitable for wide range popularization and application.
After the implementation, the water collecting area 2 can be planted with grass, the grass root system is long, the coverage area is large, the survival requirement is low, and the water and soil loss of the water collecting area 2 can be greatly prevented; the arbor planting area 3 can be used for planting arbor, the arbor is higher, the branch and branch area at the upper part of the trunk is large, branches and leaves are luxuriant, the direct irradiation of the sun to the forestation area 1 can be reduced, the water loss in the vegetation and water storage structure 5 in the forestation area 1 is reduced, and the drought resistance effect is further improved; the shrubs can be planted in the water collecting ditch 4, woody plants without obvious trunks are generally short, the branches which are transversely grown are clustered from the place near the ground, the ground area can be covered maximally, the shrubs are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant, and the forestation is facilitated.
Therefore, after the system is implemented, corresponding plants can be planted in the corresponding areas to carry out flat-land forestation, and the embodiment collects and stores rainwater through water collection and water storage and then slowly releases the rainwater into soil, so that the purposes of delaying water loss, prolonging the plant growth period and helping the plants to smoothly transit dry and hot seasons can be achieved, and an implementation basis and a powerful guarantee are provided for flat-land forestation.
In particular embodiments, the water storage structure 5 may be a directly formed closed tank structure, such as a water storage tank; the water storage structure may be formed in the forestation area 1 by means of excavation, such as a water storage tank formed by digging downwards, and the specific shape, structure and forming mode of the water storage structure are not particularly limited, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to specific requirements.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 3, the forestation area 1 is further provided with a transverse water interception ditch 8 and a longitudinal water interception ditch 9 which are communicated, the forestation area 1 is enclosed by the transverse water interception ditch 8 and the longitudinal water interception ditch 9, and the longitudinal water interception ditches 8 are communicated with the adjacent water collection area 2 or water collection ditches 4 through a plurality of branch ditches 10.
In order to avoid the soil from blocking the water storage structure 5 or affecting the water absorption effect of the self-suction rope 7, an upper filtering layer and a lower filtering layer are arranged in the anti-blocking water seepage funnel 6, the lower filtering layer is a non-woven fabric layer or a gauze layer, and the upper filtering layer is a coarse sand layer or a gravel layer. Specifically, the thickness of the upper filter layer is 5-10 cm.
As a specific implementation mode, the anti-blocking water seepage funnels 6 can be uniformly arranged at intervals to increase the water collection rate, and meanwhile, the problem that water cannot be collected after the single anti-blocking water seepage funnels 6 are blocked can be avoided.
In a specific implementation, the self-priming string 7 is a string-like material with capillary channels. Through its interior capillary passageway, can be slow adsorb the water source in the closed box and spread along its length direction to can adsorb the water source voluntarily to in the soil of its place region, carry out slow moisture release to surrounding soil, the moisturizing volume is controllable and less simultaneously, can realize permanent moisturizing effect. Specifically, the self-priming rope 7 is a hemp rope, a cotton rope, a straw rope or a sponge rod.
As a specific implementation mode, the mutual distance between the self-priming ropes 7 is 10-20 cm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, and the distance between the self-priming ropes and the ground of the water collecting area 2 is 25-35 cm.
In a specific implementation process, the surface soil of the forestation area 1 is further covered with an improvement layer, the improvement layer comprises an upper gravel layer and a lower mixed layer, and the mixed layer is prepared by mixing water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20. After transformation, the soil in the forestation area 1 can better avoid water and soil loss, can better preserve and reduce the water loss rate. Specifically, the layer of gravel covers a thickness of 1-2 cm, preferably 1cm.
In the specific implementation process, a plurality of water blocking ridges (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the water collecting ditch 4 at intervals, and the interval distance of the water blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m. The water blocking ridge is transversely arranged in the water collecting ditch 4, the overall height is lower than the depth of the water collecting ditch 4, and then, when water is collected in the water collecting ditch 4, the water blocking ridge can block rainwater from flowing, reduce the flow rate, increase the residence time in the water collecting ditch 4, and then ensure that more rainwater can enter the water collecting area 2 to be stored by the water storage structure 5, and the water collecting quantity of the water storage structure 5 each time is improved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water collecting area 2 is of a disc-shaped structure with a low middle and a high periphery, and annular ridges 11 protruding upwards are arranged around the water collecting area 2; the water collecting ditches 4 penetrate through the annular soil ridge 11 to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas 2, and the arbor planting area 3 is formed between any four adjacent water collecting areas 2 and four water collecting ditches 4 communicating four water collecting areas 2.
As one of the specific embodiments of the water collecting area 2, the water collecting area 2 is arranged into a disc-shaped structure with low middle and high periphery, rainwater can be better guided to the middle of the water collecting area 2 and stored into the water storage structure 5 through the anti-blocking water seepage funnel 6, all the water collecting areas 2 are communicated through the water collecting ditch 4, rainwater can uniformly circulate in the water collecting area 2, and the water storage structure 5 below all the water collecting areas 2 can be ensured to be full of rainwater.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the water collecting area 2 has a horizontal square structure, and the periphery of the water collecting area 2 is dug downwards to form the water collecting ditch 4; the water collecting ditches 4 are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction; the junction of the water collecting ditches 4 forms the arbor planting area 3.
As a second specific embodiment of the water collecting area 2, the water collecting grooves 4 are arranged in a crisscross manner and are mutually communicated at the junction, and the area between the water collecting grooves 4 can form a square water collecting area with horizontal ground, so that the implementation is more convenient, the rainwater flow is smoother and more uniform, and the problem of ground height in the first embodiment is not needed to be considered in the horizontal square water collecting area.
The above is the whole content of the water-retention drought-resistant system for the afforestation of the arid region plain, and the second embodiment of the invention is based on the system and also provides a water-retention drought-resistant implementation method for the afforestation of the arid region plain, which comprises the following steps:
S1, taking a flat land as a forestation area 1, placing water storage structures 5 in the forestation area 1 or excavating to form the water storage structures 5, wherein the depth of the water storage structures is 0.5-1m, and a plurality of water storage structures 5 are communicated through pipelines;
In this step, for areas with small amount of ground soil or unsuitable for direct forestation, such as slag accumulation areas, saline-alkali soil areas, etc., forestation may not be directly performed, at this time, the water storage structure 5 may be placed in a manner of placing the water storage structure 5 for soil filling forestation, and the water storage structure 5 may be set into any shape, such as a circular or square structure, according to needs, and placed directly in the forestation area 1, and when the soil requirement satisfies forestation, the water storage structure 5 may be formed directly by means of underground excavation, such as a submerged reservoir.
S2, installing self-priming ropes 7 on the upper part and the periphery of each water storage structure 5, wherein the self-priming ropes 7 partially extend to the water storage structures 5, the mutual distance between the self-priming ropes 7 is 10-20 cm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, and the part of the self-priming ropes 7 extending out of the water storage structures 5 is reinforced, so that the self-priming ropes 7 extending out of the upper parts of the water storage structures 5 are vertically arranged, and the self-priming ropes 7 extending out of the periphery of the water storage structures 5 are horizontally arranged;
In this step, in order to ensure that the self-priming rope 7 can maintain its required vertical or horizontal state during the subsequent soil backfilling, the state of the self-priming rope 7 needs to be maintained so as to reduce the situation that the self-priming rope needs to be supported by equipment during the subsequent soil backfilling, and reduce the implementation difficulty, and the reinforcing treatment in this embodiment is to reinforce the self-priming rope 7 so as to maintain the required state. Specifically, the reinforcement treatment can be that each self-priming rope 7 forms an integral structure with the columnar supports in a binding and winding mode, the current required state of the self-priming rope is kept through the support of the columnar supports, the columnar supports can be wood sticks, degradable plastic sticks and the like, and one end of each columnar support can be connected to the outer side of the water storage structure through bonding so as to play a better reinforcing and shaping role.
S3, backfilling soil to the forestation area 1, covering all the water storage structures 5 to the designed soil thickness, ensuring the arrangement state of all the self-priming ropes 7 during backfilling, enabling the self-priming ropes 7 extending out of the upper parts of the water storage structures 5 to be 25-35 cm away from the surface of the backfilled soil, and leveling the backfilled area after the backfilling is completed;
S4, performing surface treatment on the backfilled area, and treating the area above each water storage structure 5 as a water collecting area 2 for planting grass, wherein a plurality of water collecting areas 2 are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, water collecting ditches 4 are excavated between any two adjacent water collecting areas 2, and the water collecting ditches 4 are used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas 2;
Wherein,
The water collecting area 2 is remedied into a disc-shaped structure with low middle and high periphery, the radius of the disc-shaped structure is 1-1.5 m, an upward-protruding annular ridge 11 is arranged around the water collecting area, the section of the annular ridge 11 is trapezoid, the width of the annular ridge 11 is 25-35 cm, the depth of the annular ridge 11 is 25-35 cm, and the side slope ratio is 1:0.5-1:1; the water collecting ditches 4 penetrate through the annular soil ridge 11 to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas 2, and tree planting areas 3 are formed between any four adjacent water collecting areas 2 and four water collecting ditches 4 communicating the four water collecting areas 2;
Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
The water collecting area 2 is remedied into a horizontal square structure, the water collecting grooves 4 are formed by digging downwards around the water collecting area 2, the cross section of each water collecting groove 4 is butterfly-shaped, the width of each water collecting groove is 25-35 cm, the depth of each water collecting groove is 25-35 cm, water blocking ridges are arranged at intervals, and the interval distance of the water blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m; the water collecting ditches 4 are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction, and the arbor planting areas 3 are formed at the junction of the water collecting ditches 4;
S5, carrying out soil improvement on an upper soil covering improvement layer of the forestation area 1, wherein the improvement layer comprises an upper gravel layer and a lower mixed layer, the mixed layer is prepared by mixing a water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20, the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.5-2 cm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 25-35 cm;
S6, excavating a transverse water interception ditch 8 at the uppermost part of the forestation area 1, excavating longitudinal water interception ditches 9 at the left side and the right side of the forestation area, wherein the longitudinal water interception ditches 9 are communicated with the transverse water interception ditches 8, the longitudinal water interception ditches 9 are 30-50 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep, and synchronously excavating branch ditches, wherein the branch ditches are communicated with adjacent water collection areas or water collection ditches, and the ditch width of the branch ditches is 20-30 cm, so that the implementation of water retention and drought resistance is completed.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The water-retaining drought-resistant system for the flat-land forestation in the arid region is characterized by comprising a forestation region, wherein the surface soil of the forestation region is covered with a transformation layer, the transformation layer comprises a gravel layer on the upper layer and a mixed layer on the lower layer, and the mixed layer is prepared by mixing a water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20;
a plurality of water collecting areas for planting grass are arranged in the forestation area, the water collecting areas are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, and the areas between any adjacent four water collecting areas form a arbor planting area;
A water collecting ditch is formed between any two adjacent water collecting areas and is used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas;
a closed water storage structure is arranged below the soil of each water collecting area, and all the water storage structures are communicated with each other;
The top of the water storage structure is provided with an arc-shaped concave structure with a low middle part and a high edge, and the middle part of the arc-shaped concave structure is provided with an anti-blocking water seepage funnel which is communicated with the inside of the water storage structure;
And a plurality of self-priming ropes are further arranged in each water storage structure, the self-priming ropes are arranged at intervals, wherein the self-priming ropes positioned on the upper part of the water storage structure are vertically arranged and extend into the soil of the water collecting area above the water storage structure, and the self-priming ropes positioned on the periphery of the water storage structure extend out into the soil outside the water storage structure and are horizontally arranged.
2. The water-holding drought-resistant system of claim 1, wherein the forestation area is further provided with a transverse water interception ditch and a longitudinal water interception ditch which are communicated, the forestation area is enclosed by the transverse water interception ditch and the longitudinal water interception ditch, and the longitudinal water interception ditch is communicated with the adjacent water collection area or water collection ditch through a plurality of branch ditches.
3. The water-retention drought-resistant system of claim 1, wherein an upper filter layer and a lower filter layer are arranged in the anti-blocking water seepage funnel, the lower filter layer is a non-woven fabric layer or a gauze layer, and the upper filter layer is a coarse sand layer or a crushed stone layer.
4. The water conservation drought resistant system of claim 1 wherein the self-priming string is a hemp string, cotton string, straw string, or sponge rod.
5. The water-holding drought-resistant system according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the self-priming ropes are spaced from each other by 10-20 cm and have a thickness of 1-5 mm, and the self-priming ropes are spaced from the ground of the water collection area by 25-35 cm.
6. The water-retention drought-resistant system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of water-blocking ridges are arranged in the water-collecting ditch at intervals, and the interval distance of the water-blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m.
7. The water-retention drought-resistant system of any one of claims 1-6 wherein said water collection area is a disk-like structure with a low middle and a high periphery, and an upwardly projecting annular ridge is disposed around said water collection area;
the water collecting ditch penetrates through the annular soil ridge to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas,
The arbor planting area is formed between any adjacent four water collecting areas and four water collecting ditches communicating the four water collecting areas.
8. The water conservation drought resistant system of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the water collection area is of a horizontal square configuration and the water collection trench is formed by digging down the periphery of the water collection area;
the water collecting ditches are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction;
The junction of the catchment ditches forms the arbor planting area.
9. The water-retaining drought-resistant implementation method for the flat land forestation in the arid region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, taking a flat land as a forestation area, placing water storage structures or excavating the water storage structures in the forestation area to form the water storage structures, wherein the depth of the water storage structures is 0.5-1 m, and a plurality of water storage structures are communicated through pipelines;
s2, installing self-priming ropes on the upper part and the periphery of each water storage structure, wherein the self-priming ropes partially extend to the water storage structures, the mutual distance between the self-priming ropes is 10-20 cm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, and reinforcing treatment is carried out on the parts of the self-priming ropes extending out of the water storage structures, so that the self-priming ropes extending out of the upper parts of the water storage structures are vertically arranged, and the self-priming ropes extending out of the periphery of the water storage structures are horizontally arranged;
S3, backfilling soil to a forestation area, covering all the water storage structures to the designed soil thickness, ensuring the arrangement state of all the self-priming ropes during backfilling, enabling the self-priming ropes extending out of the upper part of the water storage structures to be 25-35 cm away from the surface of the backfilled soil, and leveling the backfilled area after the backfilling is completed;
S4, performing surface treatment on the backfilled areas, and treating the area above each water storage structure as a water collecting area for planting grass, wherein a plurality of water collecting areas are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a matrix, water collecting ditches are excavated between any two adjacent water collecting areas, and the water collecting ditches are used for planting shrubs and guiding water into the water collecting areas;
Wherein,
The water collecting area is remedied into a disc-shaped structure with low middle and high periphery, the radius of the disc-shaped structure is 1-1.5 m, annular soil ridges protruding upwards are arranged around the water collecting area, the cross section of each annular soil ridge is trapezoid, the width of each annular soil ridge is 25-35 cm, the depth of each annular soil ridge is 25-35 cm, and the side slope ratio is 1:0.5-1:1; the water collecting ditches penetrate through the annular soil ridge to communicate any two adjacent water collecting areas, and tree planting areas are formed between any four adjacent water collecting areas and four water collecting ditches communicating the four water collecting areas;
Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
The water collecting area is remedied into a horizontal square structure, the water collecting grooves are formed by digging downwards around the water collecting area, the cross sections of the water collecting grooves are butterfly-shaped, the width of the water collecting grooves is 25-35 cm, the depth of the water collecting grooves is 25-35 cm, water blocking ridges are arranged at intervals of each water collecting groove, and the interval distance of the water blocking ridges is 1.5-2.5 m; the water collecting ditches are arranged in a crisscross manner and are communicated with each other at the junction, and the junction of the water collecting ditches forms a arbor planting area;
S5, carrying out soil improvement on an upper soil covering improvement layer of the forestation area, wherein the improvement layer comprises an upper gravel layer and a lower mixed layer, the mixed layer is prepared by mixing a water-retaining agent and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:20, the thickness of the gravel layer is 0.5-2 cm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 25-35 cm;
S6, excavating a transverse water interception ditch at the uppermost part of the forestation area, excavating longitudinal water interception ditches at the left side and the right side of the forestation area, wherein the longitudinal water interception ditches are communicated with the transverse water interception ditches, the longitudinal water interception ditches are 30-50 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep, synchronously excavating branch ditches, the branch ditches are communicated with adjacent water collection areas or water collection ditches, and the ditch width of the branch ditches is 20-30 cm, so that the implementation of water retention and drought resistance is completed.
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