CN118376745A - Water pollution monitoring and early warning method and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Water pollution monitoring and early warning method and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution monitoring, and discloses a water pollution monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps: s1, monitoring data acquisition, namely, establishing a water quality monitoring network, setting reasonable monitoring points and monitoring frequencies, timely acquiring the water quality monitoring data by utilizing modes such as an online monitoring system or field sampling, and the like, S2, carrying out denoising, calibration and analysis on the acquired original data, calculating concentration values of water quality indexes, further analyzing water quality change trend, spatial distribution difference and abnormal conditions, S3, determining early warning indexes and threshold values on the basis of S2, specifically, determining early warning indexes and threshold values according to the boundary values and standards of the water quality monitoring indexes, and formulating different early warning rules such as exceeding standards, continuous exceeding standards, multi-factor exceeding standards and the like. The invention not only can improve the accuracy and reliability of early warning, but also can reduce the pollution duration time and the difficulty and the treatment cost of later recovery treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution monitoring, in particular to a water pollution monitoring and early warning method and electronic equipment.
Background
Along with the influence of factors such as industrial development, human activities, geological topography transition and the like, a water environment system becomes a dynamic open complex system influenced by multiple factors such as biology, chemistry, physics, manpower and the like, water pollution presents a remarkable trend of combined pollution, and multiple pollutants coexist and combine; multiple human pollution processes occur simultaneously; a variety of contaminating effects exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects; the behavior of contaminants in an environment involves multi-media, multi-interfaces; physical, chemical and biological processes occur simultaneously, which makes the water pollution problem more complicated.
The existing water pollution monitoring is often carried out by personnel on-site investigation, the monitoring efficiency is low, large-area pollution is often caused on water quality, the water pollution can be found by personnel, meanwhile, the direction of the pollution flow cannot be known in time, so that the follow-up pollution of the water body cannot be early-warned, the pollution duration time is prolonged, the pollution degree is increased, and the difficulty and cost of later recovery treatment are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the water pollution monitoring and early warning method and the electronic equipment, which have the advantages of improving the accuracy and the reliability of early warning, reducing the pollution duration time, reducing the difficulty of later recovery treatment, reducing the treatment cost and the like, and solving the problems that the monitoring efficiency is lower and the early warning can not be carried out on the subsequent pollution of the water body by the field investigation of personnel.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purposes of improving the accuracy and the reliability of early warning and reducing the pollution duration time, the difficulty of later recovery treatment and the treatment cost, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a water pollution monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring monitoring data, namely, establishing a water quality monitoring network, setting reasonable monitoring points and monitoring frequencies, and timely acquiring the water quality monitoring data by utilizing an online monitoring system or on-site sampling and other modes;
S2, on the basis of S1, carrying out data processing and analysis, namely denoising, calibrating and processing the collected original data, calculating the concentration value of the water quality index, and further analyzing the water quality change trend, the spatial distribution difference and the abnormal condition;
S3, on the basis of S2, determining an early warning index and a threshold value, specifically determining the early warning index and the threshold value according to the boundary value and the standard of the water quality monitoring index, and making different early warning rules such as exceeding standard, continuous exceeding standard, multi-factor exceeding limit and the like;
S4, building an early warning model based on the step S3, specifically building the early warning model by using technologies such as a statistical method, a neural network, machine learning and the like, and carrying out real-time monitoring and prediction on water quality monitoring data;
S5, on the basis of S4, early warning judgment and processing are carried out, specifically, real-time monitoring and judgment are carried out on the monitoring data, once the monitoring data exceeds an early warning threshold value, an early warning signal is sent out, an emergency plan is started, and measures are timely taken to control water pollution diffusion;
s6, on the basis of S5, emergency response and pollution control are performed, specifically, an emergency plan is started, pollution sources are rapidly positioned and traced, the pollution degree and the influence range are accurately judged, and corresponding measures are taken to perform pollution control and repair.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following should be noted in S1:
1) The setting of the monitoring point is scientific and reasonable, and particularly the setting of the monitoring point should consider the factors such as the position of a pollution source, the transmission path of pollutants, the conversion change rule of the pollutants and the like so as to ensure that sampled data are representative;
2) The sampling time is proper, and particularly the concentration of pollutants in different water bodies in different time periods can be different;
3) The sampling mode and sample processing are standardized, particularly, the condition of a sampling site is carefully known before sampling, and clean bottles or vessels are required to be used during sampling, so that the mutual influence among pollutants is avoided;
4) The sampling points are uniformly distributed, particularly, the pollution condition of the water body is monitored in a large range around the pollution points, so that the pollution condition can be better mastered;
5) The data acquisition is complete, and particularly, the data needs to be comprehensively acquired because the water quality index is much when the data is acquired.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, attention should be paid to:
A. Data cleaning is strict, particularly, the collected monitoring data may contain abnormal data or outliers, the data cleaning is required, and the data cleaning is strict, so that the data which can interfere with the results in processing and analysis are removed;
B. establishing a proper mathematical model, and particularly establishing a proper mathematical model for data processing and analysis so as to better understand the correlation and change trend of the monitored data and further predict and early warn;
C. the data analysis is to be integrated, specifically, the water quality monitoring data comprise chemical and environmental parameters, fluctuation amplitude and characteristics are different, the data analysis is to integrate various water quality parameters, the interaction and the connection of the water quality parameters are found, and a comprehensive evaluation model of water quality indexes is established so as to better reflect the water quality condition of the water body;
D. The analysis result is quantized, particularly in the data analysis process, the result is quantized, each monitored parameter characteristic can be more vividly and accurately described, visual analysis of data is realized, and the analysis efficiency and accuracy are further improved;
E. The abnormal value and trend change are concerned, and particularly, the abnormal value and trend change need to be particularly concerned when data processing and analysis are carried out, so that corresponding measures are timely found and taken to avoid water pollution or diffusion.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, it should be noted that:
a. The index is to reflect the actual condition of the water body, in particular to the actual condition that the early warning index can objectively reflect the concentration, quality or other water quality variables of pollutants;
b. The indexes have sensitivity, particularly the early warning indexes have enough sensitivity, namely, the pollution can be found in time and an accurate early warning signal is given, and the over-stable or slow-change indexes are avoided;
c. The threshold value has practical significance, particularly, the early warning threshold value must have practical significance, but is not excessively theoretical or practical in cleavage, the setting of the threshold value needs to introduce related management requirements and the content and spirit of established water environment standards according to the limit of the current water environment quality, and the setting of the water pollution threshold value and the instant water environment quality judgment are closely connected with the overall water ecological environment protection system;
d. The diversified thresholds, particularly, because the conditions of the water body reflected by the early warning indexes are different, different early warning thresholds may be needed by different indexes, and the accuracy of prediction can be further improved by using the combination of various threshold indexes;
e. The periodic inspection and updating, particularly the periodic inspection and updating of the early warning index and the threshold value are required according to the actual situation, so that the water quality change can be timely found and an accurate early warning signal can be given.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, it should be noted that:
A) The characteristics of the water body are fully considered in the model establishment, particularly, different water bodies have different physicochemical characteristics and the transmission rule of pollutants is also different, so that the characteristics are fully considered in the early warning model establishment, and a corresponding algorithm and method are adopted;
b) The data quality is high, particularly, the early warning model needs to be trained by using historical data, so that the data quality is important to model establishment, the high precision and the high reliability of the data quality are ensured, and the problems of early warning misjudgment and the like caused by inaccurate data are avoided;
C) The model has expandability, particularly the water pollution condition is changed continuously, so that the early warning model needs to have expandability, and can be updated and corrected in real time according to new monitoring data, thereby ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of early warning;
D) The influence of various pollutants is considered in the model establishment, particularly, different pollutants are contained in water generally, the influence of the various pollutants is considered in the early warning model establishment, and pollution early warning and risk assessment are carried out through comprehensive evaluation;
E) The model is required to be interpretable, and particularly the early warning model is required to be relatively strong in interpretability, so that early warning results can be clearly transmitted to managers and the public, and early warning response and situation processing efficiency are improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, it should be noted that:
a) Judging the accuracy and reliability of the early warning data, specifically, after the early warning data is received, data quality inspection is required to be carried out, so that the accuracy, the completeness and the reliability of the data are ensured, and effective early warning judgment and processing can be carried out;
b) Confirming the early warning type and the early warning level, specifically confirming the early warning type and the early warning level according to the factors such as the type, the severity, the duration and the like of the early warning information, and taking corresponding early warning countermeasures;
c) Timely taking early warning countermeasures, particularly, taking corresponding countermeasures for early warning of different types and grades;
d) Establishing an early warning data analysis and tracing mechanism, in particular a corresponding data analysis and tracing mechanism, which can analyze the early warning data and the effect of countermeasures, and has a reference value when processing similar events;
e) And the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, particularly the quality of the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, the existing problems are found and improved in time, the accuracy and the effectiveness of early warning are improved, and the safety of a drinking water source is guaranteed better.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S6, it should be noted that:
f) The rapid response, particularly when the water pollution accident occurs, the emergency plan needs to be started immediately, the emergency team is called up, and the emergency response is rapidly carried out on the scene;
g) Confirming the pollution range, in particular to confirm the pollution range and the pollution degree before the water pollution accident is treated, and taking necessary isolation measures to prevent pollution diffusion;
h) Selecting proper treatment technology, specifically selecting effective and proper treatment technology according to different pollution characteristics and degrees;
i) The pollutant is treated, particularly, when the treatment measures are implemented, the pollutant needs to be collected, transported and treated, and meanwhile, the secondary pollution is not caused in the treatment process;
j) Determining a pollution source, namely timely confirming the pollution source and a responsible party, and adopting necessary legal means to pursue responsibility;
k) And the post-monitoring is enhanced, particularly, after the pollution treatment is carried out afterwards, the regular water environment monitoring and water quality evaluation are needed to ensure the continuous treatment effect and prevent the secondary pollution.
The electronic equipment of the water pollution monitoring and early warning method comprises a water quality monitoring instrument, a water quality monitoring device and a water quality monitoring system, wherein the water quality monitoring instrument is used for monitoring various indexes of water quality in real time and analyzing and evaluating the water quality condition;
The automatic sampler is used for extracting a sample in water for analysis and helping to determine the time and range of water quality change;
The intelligent early warning system realizes early warning, forecasting and predicting of water pollution by means of computer software and the like based on water quality monitoring and analysis data and provides data analysis and early warning prompt;
scientific data processing software for visually displaying water quality monitoring data, emission source analysis, water quality simulation prediction and information decision support;
the emergency monitoring vehicle is used for immediately reaching the site after a pollution event occurs, collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality data and providing support and basis for emergency treatment of pollution.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a water pollution monitoring and early warning method and electronic equipment, which have the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a water pollution monitoring and early warning method and electronic equipment, which can timely perform early warning, can rapidly give early warning and check when abnormality occurs, save a great amount of time cost and improve the environmental monitoring efficiency, and can timely and intelligently judge pollution causes and push relevant information and early warning to water pollution monitoring personnel after monitoring pollution, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of early warning and reducing the pollution duration time, the later recovery treatment difficulty and the treatment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a water pollution monitoring and early warning method of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device of the water pollution monitoring and early warning method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a water quality monitoring instrument; 2. an automatic sampler; 3. an intelligent early warning system; 4. scientific data processing software; 5. an emergency monitoring vehicle.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, for a first embodiment of the present invention, a water pollution monitoring and early warning method is provided, which is as follows: s1, acquiring monitoring data, namely, establishing a water quality monitoring network, setting reasonable monitoring points and monitoring frequencies, and timely acquiring the water quality monitoring data by utilizing an online monitoring system or on-site sampling and other modes;
S2, on the basis of S1, carrying out data processing and analysis, namely denoising, calibrating and processing the collected original data, calculating the concentration value of the water quality index, and further analyzing the water quality change trend, the spatial distribution difference and the abnormal condition;
S3, on the basis of S2, determining an early warning index and a threshold value, specifically determining the early warning index and the threshold value according to the boundary value and the standard of the water quality monitoring index, and making different early warning rules such as exceeding standard, continuous exceeding standard, multi-factor exceeding limit and the like;
S4, building an early warning model based on the step S3, specifically building the early warning model by using technologies such as a statistical method, a neural network, machine learning and the like, and carrying out real-time monitoring and prediction on water quality monitoring data;
S5, on the basis of S4, early warning judgment and processing are carried out, specifically, real-time monitoring and judgment are carried out on the monitoring data, once the monitoring data exceeds an early warning threshold value, an early warning signal is sent out, an emergency plan is started, and measures are timely taken to control water pollution diffusion;
s6, on the basis of S5, emergency response and pollution control are performed, specifically, an emergency plan is started, pollution sources are rapidly positioned and traced, the pollution degree and the influence range are accurately judged, and corresponding measures are taken to perform pollution control and repair.
Note in S1:
1) The setting of the monitoring point is scientific and reasonable, and particularly the setting of the monitoring point should consider the factors such as the position of a pollution source, the transmission path of pollutants, the conversion change rule of the pollutants and the like so as to ensure that sampled data are representative;
2) The sampling time is proper, particularly the concentration of pollutants in different water bodies can be different in different time periods, for example, the dissolved oxygen of the seawater can be higher in the daytime and lower in the night, and in the static fresh water, the content of the dissolved oxygen can be reduced in the early morning and evening;
3) The sampling mode and sample processing are standardized, and particularly the condition of a sampling site, such as whether a sample point is easily affected by turbidity, should be carefully known before sampling, and clean bottles or vessels are required to be used for sampling, so that mutual influence among pollutants is avoided;
4) The sampling points are uniformly distributed, particularly, the pollution condition of the water body is monitored in a large range around the pollution points, so that the pollution condition can be better mastered;
5) The monitoring data are comprehensively collected, particularly, because the water quality index is quite large when the monitoring data are collected, the data are required to be comprehensively collected, such as monitoring conventional indexes, such as PH value, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and monitoring heavy metals, organic matters, trace elements and the like.
Note in S2 that:
A. Data cleaning is strict, particularly, the collected monitoring data may contain abnormal data or outliers, the data cleaning is required, and the data cleaning is strict, so that the data which can interfere with the results in processing and analysis are removed;
B. establishing a proper mathematical model, and particularly establishing a proper mathematical model for data processing and analysis so as to better understand the correlation and change trend of the monitored data and further predict and early warn;
C. the data analysis is to be integrated, specifically, the water quality monitoring data comprise chemical and environmental parameters, fluctuation amplitude and characteristics are different, the data analysis is to integrate various water quality parameters, the interaction and the connection of the water quality parameters are found, and a comprehensive evaluation model of water quality indexes is established so as to better reflect the water quality condition of the water body;
D. The analysis result is quantized, particularly in the data analysis process, the result is quantized, each monitored parameter characteristic can be more vividly and accurately described, visual analysis of data is realized, and the analysis efficiency and accuracy are further improved;
E. The abnormal value and trend change are concerned, and particularly, the abnormal value and trend change need to be particularly concerned when data processing and analysis are carried out, so that corresponding measures are timely found and taken to avoid water pollution or diffusion.
Note in S3 that:
a. the indexes are to reflect the actual conditions of the water body, particularly the early warning indexes can objectively reflect the actual conditions of the concentration, quality or other water quality variables of pollutants, such as COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and only then can the early warning be effectively performed;
b. The indexes have sensitivity, particularly the early warning indexes have enough sensitivity, namely, the pollution can be found in time and an accurate early warning signal is given, and the over-stable or slow-change indexes are avoided;
c. The threshold value has practical significance, particularly, the early warning threshold value must have practical significance, but is not excessively theoretical or practical in cleavage, the setting of the threshold value needs to introduce related management requirements and the content and spirit of established water environment standards according to the limit of the current water environment quality, and the setting of the water pollution threshold value and the instant water environment quality judgment are closely connected with the overall water ecological environment protection system;
d. The diversified thresholds, particularly, because the conditions of the water body reflected by the early warning indexes are different, different early warning thresholds may be needed by different indexes, and the accuracy of prediction can be further improved by using the combination of various threshold indexes;
e. The periodic inspection and updating, particularly the periodic inspection and updating of the early warning index and the threshold value are required according to the actual situation, so that the water quality change can be timely found and an accurate early warning signal can be given.
Note in S4:
A) The characteristics of the water body are fully considered in the model establishment, particularly, different water bodies have different physicochemical characteristics and the transmission rule of pollutants is also different, so that the characteristics are fully considered in the early warning model establishment, and a corresponding algorithm and method are adopted;
b) The data quality is high, particularly, the early warning model needs to be trained by using historical data, so that the data quality is important to model establishment, the high precision and the high reliability of the data quality are ensured, and the problems of early warning misjudgment and the like caused by inaccurate data are avoided;
C) The model has expandability, particularly the water pollution condition is changed continuously, so that the early warning model needs to have expandability, and can be updated and corrected in real time according to new monitoring data, thereby ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of early warning;
D) The influence of various pollutants is considered in the model establishment, particularly, different pollutants are contained in water generally, the influence of the various pollutants is considered in the early warning model establishment, and pollution early warning and risk assessment are carried out through comprehensive evaluation;
E) The model is required to be interpretable, and particularly the early warning model is required to be relatively strong in interpretability, so that early warning results can be clearly transmitted to managers and the public, and early warning response and situation processing efficiency are improved.
Note in S5 that:
a) Judging the accuracy and reliability of the early warning data, specifically, after the early warning data is received, data quality inspection is required to be carried out, so that the accuracy, the completeness and the reliability of the data are ensured, and effective early warning judgment and processing can be carried out;
b) Confirming the early warning type and the early warning level, specifically confirming the early warning type and the early warning level according to the factors such as the type, the severity, the duration and the like of the early warning information, and taking corresponding early warning countermeasures;
c) Taking early warning countermeasures in time, particularly, taking corresponding countermeasures for early warning of different types and grades, such as monitoring sampling, reinforcing investigation and law enforcement, starting an emergency plan and the like, so as to discover and treat water pollution accidents as early as possible;
d) Establishing an early warning data analysis and tracing mechanism, in particular a corresponding data analysis and tracing mechanism, which can analyze the early warning data and the effect of countermeasures, and has a reference value when processing similar events;
e) And the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, particularly the quality of the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, the existing problems are found and improved in time, the accuracy and the effectiveness of early warning are improved, and the safety of a drinking water source is guaranteed better.
Note in S6 that:
f) The rapid response, particularly when the water pollution accident occurs, the emergency plan needs to be started immediately, the emergency team is called up, and the emergency response is rapidly carried out on the scene;
g) Confirming the pollution range, in particular to confirm the pollution range and the pollution degree before the water pollution accident is treated, and taking necessary isolation measures to prevent pollution diffusion;
h) Selecting proper treatment technology, specifically selecting effective and proper treatment technology according to different pollution characteristics and degrees;
i) The pollutant is treated, particularly, when the treatment measures are implemented, the pollutant needs to be collected, transported and treated, and meanwhile, the secondary pollution is not caused in the treatment process;
j) Determining a pollution source, namely timely confirming the pollution source and a responsible party, and adopting necessary legal means to pursue responsibility;
k) And the post-monitoring is enhanced, particularly, after the pollution treatment is carried out afterwards, the regular water environment monitoring and water quality evaluation are needed to ensure the continuous treatment effect and prevent the secondary pollution.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, which differs from the first embodiment in that: the electronic equipment of the water pollution monitoring and early warning method comprises a water quality monitoring instrument 1 (such as a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, a spectrometer, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and the like) which is used for monitoring various indexes of water quality in real time and analyzing and evaluating the water quality condition;
the automatic sampler 2 is used for extracting a sample in water for analysis and helping to determine the time and range of water quality change;
The intelligent early warning system 3 realizes early warning, forecasting and predicting of water pollution based on water quality monitoring and analysis data by means of computer software and the like, and provides data analysis and early warning prompt;
Scientific data processing software 4 (such as scientific data processing software of the gas system, the RS and the like) IS used for visually displaying water quality monitoring data, emission source analysis, water quality simulation prediction and information decision support;
The emergency monitoring vehicle 5 is used for collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality data immediately after a pollution event occurs, and providing support and basis for emergency treatment of pollution.
The rest of the structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water pollution monitoring and early warning method is characterized in that: the water pollution monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
S1, acquiring monitoring data, namely, establishing a water quality monitoring network, setting reasonable monitoring points and monitoring frequencies, and timely acquiring the water quality monitoring data by utilizing an online monitoring system or on-site sampling and other modes;
S2, on the basis of S1, carrying out data processing and analysis, namely denoising, calibrating and processing the collected original data, calculating the concentration value of the water quality index, and further analyzing the water quality change trend, the spatial distribution difference and the abnormal condition;
S3, on the basis of S2, determining an early warning index and a threshold value, specifically determining the early warning index and the threshold value according to the boundary value and the standard of the water quality monitoring index, and making different early warning rules such as exceeding standard, continuous exceeding standard, multi-factor exceeding limit and the like;
S4, building an early warning model based on the step S3, specifically building the early warning model by using technologies such as a statistical method, a neural network, machine learning and the like, and carrying out real-time monitoring and prediction on water quality monitoring data;
S5, on the basis of S4, early warning judgment and processing are carried out, specifically, real-time monitoring and judgment are carried out on the monitoring data, once the monitoring data exceeds an early warning threshold value, an early warning signal is sent out, an emergency plan is started, and measures are timely taken to control water pollution diffusion;
s6, on the basis of S5, emergency response and pollution control are performed, specifically, an emergency plan is started, pollution sources are rapidly positioned and traced, the pollution degree and the influence range are accurately judged, and corresponding measures are taken to perform pollution control and repair.
2. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S1:
1) The setting of the monitoring point is scientific and reasonable, and particularly the setting of the monitoring point should consider the factors such as the position of a pollution source, the transmission path of pollutants, the conversion change rule of the pollutants and the like so as to ensure that sampled data are representative;
2) The sampling time is proper, and particularly the concentration of pollutants in different water bodies in different time periods can be different;
3) The sampling mode and sample processing are standardized, particularly, the condition of a sampling site is carefully known before sampling, and clean bottles or vessels are required to be used during sampling, so that the mutual influence among pollutants is avoided;
4) The sampling points are uniformly distributed, particularly, the pollution condition of the water body is monitored in a large range around the pollution points, so that the pollution condition can be better mastered;
5) The data acquisition is complete, and particularly, the data needs to be comprehensively acquired because the water quality index is much when the data is acquired.
3. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S2:
A. Data cleaning is strict, particularly, the collected monitoring data may contain abnormal data or outliers, the data cleaning is required, and the data cleaning is strict, so that the data which can interfere with the results in processing and analysis are removed;
B. establishing a proper mathematical model, and particularly establishing a proper mathematical model for data processing and analysis so as to better understand the correlation and change trend of the monitored data and further predict and early warn;
C. the data analysis is to be integrated, specifically, the water quality monitoring data comprise chemical and environmental parameters, fluctuation amplitude and characteristics are different, the data analysis is to integrate various water quality parameters, the interaction and the connection of the water quality parameters are found, and a comprehensive evaluation model of water quality indexes is established so as to better reflect the water quality condition of the water body;
D. The analysis result is quantized, particularly in the data analysis process, the result is quantized, each monitored parameter characteristic can be more vividly and accurately described, visual analysis of data is realized, and the analysis efficiency and accuracy are further improved;
E. The abnormal value and trend change are concerned, and particularly, the abnormal value and trend change need to be particularly concerned when data processing and analysis are carried out, so that corresponding measures are timely found and taken to avoid water pollution or diffusion.
4. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S3:
a. The index is to reflect the actual condition of the water body, in particular to the actual condition that the early warning index can objectively reflect the concentration, quality or other water quality variables of pollutants;
b. The indexes have sensitivity, particularly the early warning indexes have enough sensitivity, namely, the pollution can be found in time and an accurate early warning signal is given, and the over-stable or slow-change indexes are avoided;
c. The threshold value has practical significance, particularly, the early warning threshold value must have practical significance, but is not excessively theoretical or practical in cleavage, the setting of the threshold value needs to introduce related management requirements and the content and spirit of established water environment standards according to the limit of the current water environment quality, and the setting of the water pollution threshold value and the instant water environment quality judgment are closely connected with the overall water ecological environment protection system;
d. The diversified thresholds, particularly, because the conditions of the water body reflected by the early warning indexes are different, different early warning thresholds may be needed by different indexes, and the accuracy of prediction can be further improved by using the combination of various threshold indexes;
e. The periodic inspection and updating, particularly the periodic inspection and updating of the early warning index and the threshold value are required according to the actual situation, so that the water quality change can be timely found and an accurate early warning signal can be given.
5. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S4:
A) The characteristics of the water body are fully considered in the model establishment, particularly, different water bodies have different physicochemical characteristics and the transmission rule of pollutants is also different, so that the characteristics are fully considered in the early warning model establishment, and a corresponding algorithm and method are adopted;
b) The data quality is high, particularly, the early warning model needs to be trained by using historical data, so that the data quality is important to model establishment, the high precision and the high reliability of the data quality are ensured, and the problems of early warning misjudgment and the like caused by inaccurate data are avoided;
C) The model has expandability, particularly the water pollution condition is changed continuously, so that the early warning model needs to have expandability, and can be updated and corrected in real time according to new monitoring data, thereby ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of early warning;
D) The influence of various pollutants is considered in the model establishment, particularly, different pollutants are contained in water generally, the influence of the various pollutants is considered in the early warning model establishment, and pollution early warning and risk assessment are carried out through comprehensive evaluation;
E) The model is required to be interpretable, and particularly the early warning model is required to be relatively strong in interpretability, so that early warning results can be clearly transmitted to managers and the public, and early warning response and situation processing efficiency are improved.
6. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S5:
a) Judging the accuracy and reliability of the early warning data, specifically, after the early warning data is received, data quality inspection is required to be carried out, so that the accuracy, the completeness and the reliability of the data are ensured, and effective early warning judgment and processing can be carried out;
b) Confirming the early warning type and the early warning level, specifically confirming the early warning type and the early warning level according to the factors such as the type, the severity, the duration and the like of the early warning information, and taking corresponding early warning countermeasures;
c) Timely taking early warning countermeasures, particularly, taking corresponding countermeasures for early warning of different types and grades;
d) Establishing an early warning data analysis and tracing mechanism, in particular a corresponding data analysis and tracing mechanism, which can analyze the early warning data and the effect of countermeasures, and has a reference value when processing similar events;
e) And the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, particularly the quality of the early warning effect is evaluated regularly, the existing problems are found and improved in time, the accuracy and the effectiveness of early warning are improved, and the safety of a drinking water source is guaranteed better.
7. The water pollution monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: note in S6:
f) The rapid response, particularly when the water pollution accident occurs, the emergency plan needs to be started immediately, the emergency team is called up, and the emergency response is rapidly carried out on the scene;
g) Confirming the pollution range, in particular to confirm the pollution range and the pollution degree before the water pollution accident is treated, and taking necessary isolation measures to prevent pollution diffusion;
h) Selecting proper treatment technology, specifically selecting effective and proper treatment technology according to different pollution characteristics and degrees;
i) The pollutant is treated, particularly, when the treatment measures are implemented, the pollutant needs to be collected, transported and treated, and meanwhile, the secondary pollution is not caused in the treatment process;
j) Determining a pollution source, namely timely confirming the pollution source and a responsible party, and adopting necessary legal means to pursue responsibility;
k) And the post-monitoring is enhanced, particularly, after the pollution treatment is carried out afterwards, the regular water environment monitoring and water quality evaluation are needed to ensure the continuous treatment effect and prevent the secondary pollution.
8. An electronic device of a water pollution monitoring and early warning method is characterized in that: the electronic equipment of the water pollution monitoring and early warning method comprises a water quality monitoring instrument (1) which is used for monitoring various indexes of water quality in real time and analyzing and evaluating the water quality condition;
The automatic sampler (2) is used for extracting a sample in water for analysis and helping to determine the time and range of water quality change;
The intelligent early warning system (3) is used for realizing early warning, forecasting and predicting of water pollution by means of computer software and the like based on water quality monitoring and analysis data and providing data analysis and early warning prompt;
scientific data processing software (4) for visually displaying water quality monitoring data, emission source analysis, water quality simulation prediction and information decision support;
the emergency monitoring vehicle (5) is used for immediately reaching the site after the pollution event occurs, collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality data and providing support and basis for emergency treatment of pollution.
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