CN118108727B - 一种咔唑生物碱类化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种咔唑生物碱类化合物及其制备方法和应用。针对现有技术中抗肿瘤药物的毒副作用问题,提供一种咔唑生物碱类化合物和制备方法及其在抗肿瘤药物中的应用,咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A从调料九里香中提取分离,能显著抑制多种人癌细胞增殖,可用于制备抗肿瘤药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,特别涉及一种咔唑生物碱类化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
癌症是当今世界第二大死亡原因,是导致临床、社会和经济方面负担最高的疾病,给社会带来沉重负担。癌症发生的原因往往是复杂且多阶段的,癌变细胞通常发生一系列代谢和调控网络的改变。恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率逐年升高,癌症治疗一直是医学上的难题,临床上手术治疗、放射治疗及化学治疗为主要手段,但是存在不良反应大, 容易产生耐药等不利因素。因此寻找疗效好、低毒的新型抗肿瘤药物迫在眉睫。天然产物具有结构多样性和生物活性多样性,不仅可直接提供新药或药物先导化合物,还可以为化学合成和结构修饰提供灵感,天然产物在抗癌、抗感染等药物研发等方面已显示具有巨大的优势。天然植物资源中的化学成分是开发新药或寻找药物活性先导化合物的重要来源之一,从天然产物中寻找结构新颖的化学成分,通过结构修饰改造、合成和生物转化等途径进一步优化结构,进而开发新药一直是新药创制的重要途径。中草药是我国医药及人民健康的重要组成部分,凝结着中华民族几千年的经验与智慧,在我国的医疗事业中发挥着举足轻重的作用。我国中药材资源丰富,并且拥有上千年的用药史和完整医药理论体系作为用药指导,这为新药的研发提供了一条有效途径。同时由于其在治疗方面安全有效毒副作用低等优点备受瞩目。天然产物凭借其结构的多样性、多靶点,涉及多种作用机制,参与疾病网络多个环节的反馈作用和信号级联,可以增强疗效,降低耐药性,因而从天然药物中开发新型抗肿瘤药物一直是国内外研究热点。
咔唑生物碱作为重要的生物碱骨架,广泛存在于大量天然产物中,具有广泛的药理活性,药理研究表明咔唑类生物碱具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗疟原虫、抗 HIV、神经保护活性、保肝、细胞周期抑制与细胞凋亡诱导活性、抗炎、抗血小板凝聚等生物活性。由于具有优良的结构和生物活性,咔唑生物碱广泛应用于药物化学领域;同时,部分咔唑分子也被广泛用作各种生物、药物和工业有机化合物等合成过程中的关键中间体或原料。
芸香科九里香属(Murraya Koenig ex L.)植物为无刺灌木或小乔木,约12种,分布于亚洲热带、亚热带及澳大利亚东北部。我国有9种,1个变种,产南部,九里香属植物在菲律宾、印度和印尼等亚洲西南部国家的民间也被广泛应用。民间以其叶入药,有行气止痛、活血散瘀、祛风除湿、麻醉镇惊等功效。芸香科九里香属植物所含咔唑类生物碱具有广泛的药理活性,并且对多种细胞模型表现出有效的抗肿瘤活性。调料九里香(Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.),产海南南部、云南南部一带,常见于海拔500-1600米较湿润的阔叶林中,河谷沿岸也有生长。越南、老挝、缅甸、印度等也有。鲜叶有芳香气味,中国、印度、斯里兰卡居民用其叶作咖喱调料,其中富含咔唑生物碱类化学成分。近年来,由于咔唑类生物碱显著的药理作用和易于进行结构修饰的特性,对芸香科九里香植物中的咔唑生物碱类化合物的兴趣急剧增长,受到了药学工作者的青睐。因此,从九里香属植物中找寻高活性、低毒性的咔唑生物碱抗肿瘤活性化合物,对研发抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种用于制备抗肿瘤药物的咔唑生物碱类化合物。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种咔唑生物碱类化合物,其化学结构式如下:
,命名为murrakoenine A。
本发明还提供了一种所述咔唑生物碱类化合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
优选的,所述药物中含有药用载体和/或赋形剂。
优选的,所述药物的剂型为注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、溶液、悬浮剂或乳剂中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种所述咔唑生物碱类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用乙醇渗漉提取九里香枝叶干粉得到提取液,减压浓缩得到粗浸膏;
(2)将步骤(1)中所述粗浸膏混悬于水中得到混悬液,采用石油醚萃取混悬液得到石油醚萃取液和石油醚萃余水相;将所述石油醚萃取液浓缩得到石油醚提取浸膏,再采用乙酸乙酯萃取石油醚萃余水相得到乙酸乙酯萃取液,乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取浸膏;
(3)将步骤(2)乙酸乙酯提取浸膏进行硅胶柱层析,依次采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液体系进行梯度洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相似流份得到5个组分,即F1、F2、F3、F4、F5;其中梯度洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中的石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比依次为4:1、2:1、1:1、1:4和0:1,F3组分为石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比2:1的洗脱部分;
(4)步骤(3)中F3组分进行柱层析, 采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯进行洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,得到3个组分即F3a、F3b、F3c;其中洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比依次为3:1;
(5)步骤(4)中F3b组分采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,纯化得到咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A;其中凝胶柱层析洗脱用二氯甲烷/甲醇混合液中的二氯甲烷/甲醇体积比为1:1。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1) 本发明咔唑生物碱类murrakoenine A体外对人白血病细胞HL-60、人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、人肺癌细胞A-549、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人直肠癌细胞SW480增殖具有抑制活性,IC50 值分别为3.39 μM、2.58μM、1.23 μM、1.02 μM、3.54 μM。咔唑生物碱类murrakoenine A与药用载体和/或赋形剂可制成抗肿瘤药物组合物。
(2) 本发明咔唑生物碱类murrakoenine A来自于可以食用的天然植物成分,其制成的抗肿瘤药物组合物无毒或低毒。
附图说明
图1为咔唑生物碱类化合物的化学结构式;
图2为murrakoenine A 的 1H-1H COSY;
图3为murrakoenine A 的HSQC;
图4为murrakoenine A 的 HMBC;
图5为murrakoenine A 的NOESY。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例
咔唑生物碱类化合物的提取方法,具体步骤如下:
1、采用乙醇渗漉提取调料九里香Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.枝叶干粉得到提取液,减压浓缩得到粗浸膏;
2、将步骤1所得的粗浸膏混悬于水中得到混悬液,采用石油醚萃取混悬液得到石油醚萃取液和石油醚萃余水相,石油醚萃取液浓缩得到石油醚提取浸膏,再采用乙酸乙酯萃取石油醚萃余水相得到乙酸乙酯萃取液,乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取浸膏;
3、将步骤2乙酸乙酯提取浸膏进行硅胶柱层析,依次采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液体系进行梯度洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相似流份得到5个组分即F1、F2、F3、F4、F5;
4、将步骤3中F3组分进行柱层析, 采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯进行洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,得到3个组分即F3a、F3b、F3c;
5、将步骤4中F3b组分采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,纯化得到咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A;
6、步骤3梯度洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中的石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比依次为4:1、2:1、1:1、1:4和0:1,F3组分为石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比2:1的洗脱部分;
7、步骤4柱层析洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中的石油醚/乙酸乙酯的体积比为3:1;
8、步骤5凝胶柱层析洗脱用二氯甲烷/甲醇混合液中的二氯甲烷/甲醇体积比为1:1。
本实施例的咔唑生物碱类化合物的化学结构式如图1所示,命名为murrakoenineA。
本实施例咔唑生物碱类化合物的1H-NMR数据(400MHz) ( d in ppm, J in Hz)和13C NMR数据( d in ppm, J in Hz) 数据如下:1H-NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2CO) δ: 10.49(1H, s, N-H), 8.68 (1H, s, H-5), 7.78 (1H, s, H-4), 7.28 (1H, s, H-8), 6.89(1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz, H-9), 5.78 (1H, t, J = 9.8 Hz, H-10), 2.73 (3H, s, 7-Me),2.30 (3H, s, 3-Me), 1.47 (6H, s, 12,13-Me). 13C-NMR (100 MHz, (CD3)2CO) δ:104.9 (C-1), 149.8 (C-2), 120.3 (C-3), 121.0 (C-4), 123.0 (C-5), 121.4 (C-6),137.0 (C-7), 112.8 (C-8), 117.5 (C-9), 129.4 (C-10), 75.8 (C-11), 28.4 (C-12), 28.4 (C-13), 15.4 (C7- CH3), 22.3 (C7-CH3), 142.7 (C-1a), 116.6 (C-4a),118.3 (C-5a), 135.9 (C-8a), 168.6 (COOH);
咔唑生物碱类murrakoenine A为白色固体,分子式为C20H19NO3,高分辨质谱HRESIMS m/z 320.1291 [M-H]- (calcd 320.1292)。
murrakoenine A 的二维核磁波谱图在600MHz 核磁共振波谱仪测定(氘代丙酮作溶剂),见图2-图5。
实施例
咔唑生物碱类murrakoenine A的体外抗肿瘤活性实验;
以MTS法对分离得到的咔唑生物碱类化合物进行体外抗人白血病细胞HL-60、人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、人肺癌细胞A-549、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人直肠癌细胞SW480增殖活性测试。
MTS全称为3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)- 2-(4-sulfopheny)-2H-tetrazolium,是一种黄颜色染料。
用含10%胎牛血清的培养液(DMEM或者RMPI1640)配成单个细胞悬液,以每孔3000~15000个细胞接种到96孔板,每孔体积100ml,细胞提前12~24小时接种培养。化合物用DMSO溶解,以40mM浓度初筛,每孔终体积200ml,每种处理均设3个复孔。37℃培养48小时后,贴壁细胞弃孔内培养液,每孔加MTS溶液20ml和培养液100ml;悬浮细胞弃100ml培养上清液,每孔加20ml的MTS溶液;设3个空白复孔(MTS溶液20ml和培养液100ml的混合液),继续孵育2~4小时,使反应充分进行后测定光吸收值。选择492nm波长,多功能酶标仪读取各孔光吸收值,记录结果,数据处理后以化合物编号为横坐标,细胞抑制率为纵坐标绘制5株细胞的抑制率图。每次实验设顺铂(cisplatin)为阳性对照,以浓度为横坐标,细胞存活率为纵坐标绘制细胞生长曲线,应用两点法(Reed and Muench法)计算化合物的IC50值;
抑制活性测试结果为:咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A对5种肿瘤细胞体外的抑制活性IC50 值分别为3.39 μM、2.58μM、1.23 μM、1.02 μM、3.54 μM;
活性测试实验表明咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A具有抗肿瘤活性,murrakoenine A来源于可食用植物,无明显毒副作用。因此,咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A有望作为抗肿瘤药物分子用于制备抗肿瘤药物,可与其他药物制成抗肿瘤药物组合物。
以咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A为原料,加入药用载体和/或赋形剂即可得到咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A的药物组合物;
本发明咔唑生物碱类化合物murrakoenine A来自于可以食用的天然植物成分,其制成的抗肿瘤药物组合物无毒或低毒;
药用载体和/或赋形剂对人体和动物均无毒,并且为惰性;
药用载体和/或赋形剂对人体和动物均无毒,并且为惰性;
药用载体为固体稀释剂、半固体稀释剂、液体稀释剂、填料、药物制品辅剂的一种或多种;
药物组合物以单位体重服用量的形式使用;
药物可经注射(静注、肌注)、口服或皮肤给药。
以上结合对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种咔唑生物碱类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述咔唑生物碱类化合物的化学结构式如下:
,命名为murrakoenine A;
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用乙醇渗漉提取九里香枝叶干粉得到提取液,减压浓缩得到粗浸膏;
(2)将步骤(1)中所述粗浸育混悬于水中得到混悬液,采用石油醚萃取混悬液得到石油醚萃取液和石油醚萃余水相;将所述石油醚萃取液浓缩得到石油醚提职浸育,再采用乙酸乙酯萃取所述石油醚萃余水相得到乙酸乙酯萃取液,乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取浸音;
(3)将步骤(2)中所述的乙酸乙酯提取浸膏进行硅胶柱层析,依次采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液体系进行梯度洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相似流份得到5个组分,即F1、F2、F3、F4、F5;其中梯度洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中的石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比依次为 4:1、2:1、1:1、1:4和0:1,F3 组分为石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比 2:1的洗脱部分;
(4)步骤(3)中 F3 组分进行柱层析,采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯进行洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,得到3个组分即F3a、F3b、F3c;其中洗脱用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液中石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比依次为 3:1;
(5)步骤(4)中 F3b 组分采用 SephadexLH-20 凝胶柱层析洗脱,根据薄层色谱法检识合并相同流份,纯化得到咔唑生物碱类化合物muzakgenine 4;其中凝胶柱层析洗脱用二氯甲烷/甲醇混合液中的二氯甲烷/甲醇体积比为 1:1。
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