CN1179658C - Enzymatic Extraction Technology of Peanut Protein and Oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for extracting peanut protein and grease by an enzyme method, which mainly solves the technical problems of low oil yield, low protein yield, high oil content of protein, easy oxidation and rancidity, etc., in the existing production process. The present invention comprises the following steps that raw materials are preprocessed, peanuts are peeled, the red shells are removed, and the peanuts are milled; the raw materials are processed by cellulase, pectic enzymes and neutral proteinase through enzymolysis for carrying out enzymolysis processing; water is added for lixiviation; grease and peanut protein powder are separated after the lixiviation. The process for extracting peanut grease and peanut protein has the advantages of high grease and protein yield, low grease content in peanut protein powder, easy grease separation, small energy consumption, and easy matching with the existing grease making process by water.

Description

Enzymatic Extraction Technology of Peanut Protein and Oil

technical field

The invention belongs to the vegetable oil and vegetable protein extraction process in agricultural product processing, and is suitable for extracting peanut oil and peanut protein with low denaturation and low oil content from peanuts.

Background technique

At present, the commonly used methods for producing oil from peanuts in the vegetable oil industry include pressing to make oil, pre-pressing and leaching to make oil, and water preparation to make oil. Pressing oil production and pre-pressing leaching oil production use mechanical methods to destroy cell walls, and use moist heat to destroy cell membranes and denature proteins, so that oils can be squeezed or extracted smoothly, but protein denaturation is serious, some nutrients and physiological substances Active substances are also destroyed. The above two reasons greatly limit the development and utilization of peanut protein.

The traditional water preparation method uses mechanical methods to destroy the cell wall, and then uses water as a solvent to separate the oil from the protein. This method has a low degree of protein denaturation, but the mechanical shear force and rolling force applied to the oil during the process are not enough to completely destroy the oil. Cell wall, thus resulting in low oil extraction rate, low protein yield, high oil content in protein, and easy oxidation and rancidity.

In the traditional water-based oil production process, compound cellulase is used to effectively degrade the cellulose skeleton of the plant cell wall, collapse the plant cell wall, and release the active ingredients in the oil plant cells, such as protein and oil, thus improving the yield of protein and oil. Rate. Liu Zhiqiang et al. disclosed in the "Journal of China Cereals and Oils" No. 1, 1999, the peanut hydroenzymatic protein extraction and oil production research belongs to this method. , although the yield of protein and oil is higher than that of the traditional water preparation method, some of the oil wrapped in the protein cannot be released, and the macromolecular protein re-adsorbs the oil due to emulsification and gelation, resulting in the finished peanut protein The powder oil content is high, easy to oxidize and deteriorate; and the emulsified oil content in the process is relatively large, and separation is difficult.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of enzymatic extraction process of peanut protein and oil that can improve the yield of protein and oil and reduce the oil content of peanut protein.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: firstly pretreat the raw materials: peel the peanuts, remove the red coat, and dry grind the peanuts, and control the grinding particle size at 8-12 μm; then perform enzymatic treatment: the above raw materials Soak in water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: (2-4), adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, keep the temperature of the material at 40-60°C, first add 100U/g of cellulase and 50U/g of pectinase , keep stirring at a speed of 30-50 rev/min, add 150U/g oil neutral protease after 15-30 minutes, and perform leaching after 1-2 hours of enzyme reaction: add water to the above-mentioned enzyme reaction solution , on the basis of enzymatic hydrolysis treatment, add water according to the solid-liquid ratio 1: (5-7), adjust the pH to 7.5-8.5, stir and extract for 30 minutes to 2 hours; , the lower layer of slurry is firstly separated by a horizontal screw centrifuge from solid residues, which can be used as protein feed through microbial transformation. The slurry from the horizontal screw centrifuge is separated from emulsified oil and protein by a disc centrifuge, and then passed through an emulsifiable concentrate. processing, concentrating and drying the protein solution to obtain peanut oil and peanut protein powder.

The preferred process parameters and flow process of the present invention are as follows: first, the raw materials are pretreated: shelling the peanuts, removing the red coat, dry grinding, and the grinding particle size is controlled at 10 μm; Soak in water for solid-liquid ratio, adjust pH to 6.8, keep material temperature at 49°C, first add 100U/g oil-seed cellulase and 50U/g oil-seed pectinase, continue stirring at 40 rpm, add after 20 minutes 150U/g oil neutral protease, after 1.5 hours of enzymatic reaction, then leaching: add water to the above enzyme reaction solution, add water to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 on the basis of enzymatic hydrolysis treatment, and adjust the pH to 8. 0, stirring and leaching for 1 hour; after the leaching is completed, the floating oil in the upper layer is put into the emulsifiable oil tank, and the slurry in the lower layer is firstly separated from the solid residue by a horizontal screw centrifuge, and the solid residue can be used as protein feed through microbial conversion. The slurry coming out of the machine is separated by disc centrifuge to separate emulsified oil and protein solution, and then processed by emulsifiable oil, concentrated and dried protein solution to obtain peanut oil and peanut protein powder.

Described pectinase is from Aspergillus sp., neutral protease is from Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis), cellulase is from Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), and they are by solid-state or liquid submerged fermentation method by corresponding microorganism. It is produced and purified by fermented enzymes to obtain pure enzymes.

The present invention is owing to adopting enzymatic method peanut water preparation method to make oil, and has carried out improvement with respect to enzyme preparation type and consumption, technological process, technological parameter, in overall technological process, add enzyme total amount to be 300U/g (dry oil material), be controlled at Within a relatively economical range; the enzyme reaction and water extraction time is 2.5 hours, shortening the time can avoid the generation of bad smell caused by the reproduction of microorganisms; the oil and protein in the material are released more thoroughly, and the yield of oil and protein is significantly improved The adsorption of protein to oil is less, the content of oil in peanut protein powder is small, the proportion of emulsified oil is small, the separation of oil is easier, the energy consumption is small, the resource utilization rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, and energy is saved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a production process flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiment: First, the raw materials are pretreated: select peanuts without mildew, remove various impurities in the peanuts, peel the peanuts, and remove the red coat. Take the red-coated peanut kernels and dry-mill them with a superfine mill or calender, and the milling particle size is controlled at about 10 μm.

The preparation of enzyme preparation: described enzyme preparation, pectinase comes from Aspergillus sp. (Aspergillus sp.), neutral protease comes from subtilis (B.subtilis), cellulase comes from Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride), and they are obtained by corresponding microorganisms It is produced by solid state or liquid submerged fermentation method, and the pure enzyme is obtained after the enzyme prepared by fermentation is purified.

Enzymolysis reaction: Put the dry-milled raw materials into a vertical leaching tank, add water for soaking according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, adjust the pH to 6.8 with edible soda ash, and keep the material temperature at about 49°C, first add cellulase (add Enzyme amount 100U/g oil plant), pectinase (enzyme amount 50U/g oil plant), continue to stir with 40 rpm speed, add neutral protease (enzyme amount 150U/g oil plant) after 20 minutes, enzyme reaction 1.5 Hour.

Lixiviation: After 1.5 hours of enzymatic reaction of the above material liquid, add water to the above enzymatic reaction liquid for leaching (add water to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 on the basis of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction) to adjust the pH to 8.0, initially at a speed of 40 rpm Stir. In order to prevent the formation of a stable emulsion, the stirring speed is appropriately reduced in the later stage. Under the stirring action of the material liquid, the oil will float up by itself, and the upper oil layer will gradually thicken.

Separation: After the leaching is completed, 90% of the oil can be separated, and the protein liquid only contains solid residues and a small amount of oil. First, the solid residues are separated by a horizontal screw centrifuge, and the slurry from the horizontal screw centrifuge is passed through a disc type. The centrifuge separates the emulsified oil and protein liquid, and then the emulsified oil is processed, and the protein liquid is concentrated and dried to obtain peanut oil and peanut protein powder.

After testing: using this method, the yield of oil can reach 94%∽96%, the yield of protein can reach 73∽75%, the protein is basically unchanged, and the residual oil rate of peanut protein can be reduced to 1.9∽2.1%.

Claims (3)

1. An enzymatic extraction process of peanut protein and oil, which is characterized in that: first, the raw materials are pretreated: shelling the peanuts, removing the red coat, dry grinding, and the grinding particle size is controlled at 8-12 μm; Decomposition treatment: Soak the above raw materials in water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: (2-4), adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, keep the temperature of the material at 40-60°C, first add 100U/g of cellulase, 50U/g of oil G oil pectinase, stirring continuously at a speed of 30-50 rpm, adding 150U/g oil neutral protease after 15-30 minutes, and leaching after 1-2 hours of enzyme reaction: in the above enzyme Add water to the reaction liquid for leaching, add water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: (5-7) on the basis of enzymolysis treatment, adjust the pH to 7.5-8.5, stir and leaching for 30 minutes to 2 hours; after the leaching is completed, the upper layer The slick oil enters the emulsified oil tank, and the lower slurry is firstly separated from the solid residue by a horizontal screw centrifuge. The solid residue can be used as protein feed through microbial conversion. The slurry from the horizontal screw centrifuge is separated by a disc centrifuge to separate emulsified oil and The protein solution is then treated with emulsifiable oil, and the protein solution is concentrated and dried to obtain peanut oil and peanut protein powder. 2. The enzymatic extraction process of peanut protein and oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: firstly, the raw materials are pretreated: shelling the peanuts, removing the red coat, and dry-milling, and the grinding particle size is controlled at 10 μm; Carry out enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: soak the above raw materials in water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3, adjust the pH to 6.8, and keep the temperature of the material at 49°C. Stir at a speed of 40 rpm, add 150U/g of oil neutral protease after 20 minutes, and perform leaching after 1.5 hours of enzyme reaction: add water to the above enzyme reaction liquid for leaching, on the basis of enzymatic treatment Add water to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, adjust the pH to 8.0, and stir and extract for 1 hour; after the extraction is completed, the floating oil in the upper layer is put into the emulsifiable oil tank, and the slurry in the lower layer is first separated from the solid residue by a horizontal screw centrifuge, and the solid residue is passed through Microbial conversion can be used as protein feed. The slurry from the horizontal screw centrifuge is separated from the emulsified oil and protein solution by the disc centrifuge, and then processed by the emulsifiable oil, the protein solution is concentrated and dried to obtain peanut oil and peanut protein powder. 3. The enzymatic extraction process of peanut protein and oil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pectinase is from Aspergillus sp., and the neutral protease is from Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) , Cellulase comes from Trichoderma viride, they are produced by corresponding microorganisms through solid-state or liquid submerged fermentation, and the enzymes prepared by fermentation are purified to obtain pure enzymes.