CN117849877A - Cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN117849877A CN117849877A CN202211227445.4A CN202211227445A CN117849877A CN 117849877 A CN117849877 A CN 117849877A CN 202211227445 A CN202211227445 A CN 202211227445A CN 117849877 A CN117849877 A CN 117849877A
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/30—Noise handling
- G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
- G01V2210/324—Filtering
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Noise Elimination (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium. The method may include: determining a coupled noise seismic trace; performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency; and performing noise suppression according to the coupling noise main frequency. According to the invention, through denoising treatment on the seismic channel containing coupling noise interference and better retaining VSP effective reflection information, the data with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic data processing, in particular to a cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium.
Background
In conventional VSP well seismic exploration, a three-component geophone is well coupled with a stratum in a shaft through a mechanical pushing device, so that high-quality well seismic records are acquired, but the conventional geophone is limited by factors such as high cost, high layout construction difficulty and the like of a large-array conventional geophone, and the application of the conventional geophone in well seismic exploration is limited to a certain extent. The distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology (distributed acoustic sensing, DAS) uses a continuous optical fiber as a sensor, and utilizes a phase demodulation technology to restore an external vibration signal sensed by the sensing optical fiber. Compared with a cable detector, the interrogator unit of the DAS system is positioned on the ground surface, and only the optical cable is buried underground, so that the DAS system has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, high temperature and high pressure resistance, no electric leakage, easiness in multiplexing and the like. The DAS-VSP technology has the advantages of low cost, full well section acquisition, capability of realizing permanent and real-time online measurement and the like. In recent years, foreign petroleum companies perform a large number of DAS-based well earthquake, ground earthquake and microseism monitoring tests, and better well earthquake records are acquired.
When the suspension type DAS-VSP is acquired, because the distributed optical fiber cable does not abut against the well wall in the acquisition sensing and transmission process, strong oscillation is generated when the distributed optical fiber cable is influenced by a vibration event, and the acquired DAS-VSP record is influenced by strong DAS coupling noise interference, such as optical fiber beating noise. The noise exhibits a "saw tooth" character, which is periodic in space, gradually fades with increasing time, and relatively concentrated in frequency characteristics in the time-frequency domain. DAS-VSP coupling noise reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, has great influence on later data processing, imaging and the like, and needs to be suppressed.
Therefore, there is a need for a cable coupling noise suppression method, apparatus, device and medium.
The information disclosed in the background section of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
When the suspension DAS-VSP acquisition is performed, VSP recording is interfered by 'zigzag' fiber coupling noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio of data is affected. By utilizing the periodicity and time-frequency domain characteristics of the coupling noise space, the invention provides a cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium, which are used for denoising the optical fiber coupling noise in DAS-VSP records so as to obtain VSP data with high signal-to-noise ratio.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a cable coupling noise suppression method, including:
determining a coupled noise seismic trace;
performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and performing noise suppression according to the coupling noise main frequency.
Preferably, determining the coupled noise trace comprises:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
Preferably, the seismic traces within the time window are scanned for energy in a manner that the root mean square amplitude is obtained.
Preferably, a region in which the root mean square amplitude increases by more than a set percentage is set as the coupled noise seismic trace.
Preferably, the set percentage is 50%.
Preferably, the root mean square amplitude is calculated by averaging the square of the amplitude.
Preferably, the noise suppression according to the coupling noise dominant frequency includes:
and setting a notch filter according to the coupling noise main frequency, and carrying out notch filtering on the seismic channel with noise so as to realize noise suppression.
As a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present disclosure,
in a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a cable coupling noise suppression apparatus, including:
the noise determining module is used for determining a coupled noise seismic channel;
the time-frequency analysis module is used for performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and the noise suppression module is used for suppressing the noise according to the main frequency of the coupling noise.
Preferably, determining the coupled noise trace comprises:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
Preferably, the seismic traces within the time window are scanned for energy in a manner that the root mean square amplitude is obtained.
Preferably, a region in which the root mean square amplitude increases by more than a set percentage is set as the coupled noise seismic trace.
Preferably, the set percentage is 50%.
Preferably, the root mean square amplitude is calculated by averaging the square of the amplitude.
Preferably, the noise suppression according to the coupling noise dominant frequency includes:
and setting a notch filter according to the coupling noise main frequency, and carrying out notch filtering on the seismic channel with noise so as to realize noise suppression.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device, including:
a memory storing executable instructions;
and a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the cable coupling noise suppression method.
In a fourth aspect, the disclosed embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the cable coupling noise suppression method.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the present invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a cable coupling noise suppression method according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of noisy DAS-VSP analog data according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a time-frequency analysis of noisy tracks according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of DAS-VSP analog data after noise removal according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a cable coupled noise suppression device according to one embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
201. a noise determination module; 202. a time-frequency analysis module; 203. and a noise pressing module.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The invention provides a cable coupling noise suppression method, which comprises the following steps:
determining a coupled noise seismic trace;
performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and performing noise suppression according to the coupling noise main frequency.
In one example, determining the coupled noise trace includes:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
In one example, the seismic traces within the time window are energy scanned in a manner that finds the root mean square amplitude.
In one example, the region where the increase in root mean square amplitude exceeds a set percentage is set as the coupled noise trace.
In one example, the percentage is set to 50%.
In one example, the root mean square amplitude is an average of the square of the amplitude and then squared.
In one example, noise suppression according to the coupled noise dominant frequency includes:
according to the coupling noise dominant frequency, a notch filter is arranged to carry out notch filtering on the seismic channels with noise, so that noise suppression is realized.
Specifically, the invention provides an optical fiber coupling noise suppression method in DAS-VSP recording based on energy scanning and notch filtering, which comprises the steps of determining the range of the coupled noise occurrence seismic trace through seismic trace energy scanning, performing time-frequency domain analysis to determine the frequency of the optical fiber coupling noise, and performing notch filtering treatment to obtain VSP data with high signal to noise ratio after suppressing the coupled noise.
Setting a time window W, and carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window in a mode of obtaining root mean square amplitude. According to the region where the root mean square amplitude is significantly increased, a region where the root mean square amplitude is increased by more than 50% may be set as a channel containing coupling noise. A start track number n1 and an end track number n2 where coupling noise occurs are determined. The root mean square amplitude is the average of the square of the amplitude and is then squared.
And carrying out time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain the coupled noise main frequency.
And setting a notch filter according to the main frequency of the coupling noise, and performing notch filtering on the seismic channel with noise to obtain a record after the coupling noise is suppressed.
The invention also provides a cable coupling noise suppression device, which comprises:
the noise determining module is used for determining a coupled noise seismic channel;
the time-frequency analysis module is used for performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channels to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and the noise suppression module is used for suppressing noise according to the coupling noise main frequency.
In one example, determining the coupled noise trace includes:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
In one example, the seismic traces within the time window are energy scanned in a manner that finds the root mean square amplitude.
In one example, the region where the increase in root mean square amplitude exceeds a set percentage is set as the coupled noise trace.
In one example, the percentage is set to 50%.
In one example, the root mean square amplitude is an average of the square of the amplitude and then squared.
In one example, noise suppression according to the coupled noise dominant frequency includes:
according to the coupling noise dominant frequency, a notch filter is arranged to carry out notch filtering on the seismic channels with noise, so that noise suppression is realized.
Specifically, the invention provides an optical fiber coupling noise suppression method in DAS-VSP recording based on energy scanning and notch filtering, which comprises the steps of determining the range of the coupled noise occurrence seismic trace through seismic trace energy scanning, performing time-frequency domain analysis to determine the frequency of the optical fiber coupling noise, and performing notch filtering treatment to obtain VSP data with high signal to noise ratio after suppressing the coupled noise.
Setting a time window W, and carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window in a mode of obtaining root mean square amplitude. According to the region where the root mean square amplitude is significantly increased, a region where the root mean square amplitude is increased by more than 50% may be set as a channel containing coupling noise. A start track number n1 and an end track number n2 where coupling noise occurs are determined. The root mean square amplitude is the average of the square of the amplitude and is then squared.
And carrying out time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain the coupled noise main frequency.
And setting a notch filter according to the main frequency of the coupling noise, and performing notch filtering on the seismic channel with noise to obtain a record after the coupling noise is suppressed.
The present invention also provides an electronic device including: a memory storing executable instructions; and the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to realize the cable coupling noise suppression method.
The present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the cable coupling noise suppression method described above.
In order to facilitate understanding of the solution and the effects of the embodiments of the present invention, four specific application examples are given below. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples are for ease of understanding only and that any particular details thereof are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a cable coupling noise suppression method according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the cable coupling noise suppression method includes: step 101, determining a coupled noise seismic trace; 102, performing time-frequency analysis on a coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency; and 103, performing noise suppression according to the main frequency of the coupling noise.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of noisy DAS-VSP analog data, in which it can be seen that the data contains strong energy cable coupling noise, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. And (3) carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels, and determining that the range of the seismic channels where the coupling noise occurs is 25-30 channels.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a time-frequency analysis of noisy tracks according to an embodiment of the invention.
The noise-containing channels are respectively subjected to time-frequency analysis to obtain the main frequency of the coupling noise, as shown in fig. 3. The main frequencies of the noise-containing channels of the analog data are 20.67Hz, 40.67Hz and 60.67Hz. And setting the notch filters with the three main frequencies, and filtering the noise-containing channel.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of DAS-VSP analog data after noise removal according to an embodiment of the present invention, where it can be seen that coupling noise is well suppressed and data quality is significantly improved by notch filtering.
According to the method, the range of the coupled noise appearing in the seismic channel is determined through seismic channel energy scanning, then the frequency characteristics of the optical fiber coupled noise are determined through time-frequency domain analysis, notch filtering is carried out, and finally DAS-VSP records after the coupled noise is suppressed are obtained. The test results show that: the method has a good processing effect on the analog data and can be further applied to the actual data.
Example 2
Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a cable coupled noise suppression device according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the cable coupling noise suppressing apparatus includes:
a noise determination module 201 that determines coupled noise seismic traces;
the time-frequency analysis module 202 performs time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channels to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
the noise suppressing module 203 performs noise suppression according to the coupling noise dominant frequency.
In one example, determining the coupled noise trace includes:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
In one example, the seismic traces within the time window are energy scanned in a manner that finds the root mean square amplitude.
In one example, the region where the increase in root mean square amplitude exceeds a set percentage is set as the coupled noise trace.
In one example, the percentage is set to 50%.
In one example, the root mean square amplitude is an average of the square of the amplitude and then squared.
In one example, noise suppression according to the coupled noise dominant frequency includes:
according to the coupling noise dominant frequency, a notch filter is arranged to carry out notch filtering on the seismic channels with noise, so that noise suppression is realized.
Example 3
The present disclosure provides an electronic device including: a memory storing executable instructions; and the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to realize the cable coupling noise suppression method.
An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.
The memory is for storing non-transitory computer readable instructions. In particular, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache), and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like.
The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform the desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is configured to execute the computer readable instructions stored in the memory.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience effect, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus, an interface, and the like, and these well-known structures are also included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
The detailed description of the present embodiment may refer to the corresponding description in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated herein.
Example 4
The disclosed embodiments provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the cable coupling noise suppression method.
A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has stored thereon non-transitory computer-readable instructions. When executed by a processor, perform all or part of the steps of the methods of embodiments of the present disclosure described above.
The computer-readable storage medium described above includes, but is not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or removable hard disk), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM cartridge).
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention has been given for the purpose of illustrating the benefits of embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.
Claims (10)
1. A method of suppressing cable coupling noise, comprising:
determining a coupled noise seismic trace;
performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and performing noise suppression according to the coupling noise main frequency.
2. The cable coupling noise suppression method of claim 1, wherein determining the coupling noise seismic trace comprises:
setting a time window, carrying out energy scanning on the seismic channels in the time window, and determining the coupled noise seismic channels.
3. The cable coupling noise suppression method of claim 2, wherein the seismic traces within the time window are energy scanned in a manner that yields root mean square amplitude.
4. A cable coupling noise suppression method according to claim 3, wherein a region where the root mean square amplitude increases by more than a set percentage is set as the coupling noise seismic trace.
5. The cable coupling noise suppression method according to claim 4, wherein the set percentage is 50%.
6. A method of suppressing cable coupling noise as recited in claim 3, wherein the root mean square amplitude is calculated as an average of the squares of the amplitudes.
7. The cable coupling noise suppression method according to claim 1, wherein noise suppression according to the coupling noise dominant frequency comprises:
and setting a notch filter according to the coupling noise main frequency, and carrying out notch filtering on the seismic channel with noise so as to realize noise suppression.
8. A cable coupling noise suppression device, comprising:
the noise determining module is used for determining a coupled noise seismic channel;
the time-frequency analysis module is used for performing time-frequency analysis on the coupled noise seismic channel to obtain a coupled noise main frequency;
and the noise suppression module is used for suppressing the noise according to the main frequency of the coupling noise.
9. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
a memory storing executable instructions;
a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the cable coupling noise suppression method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the cable coupling noise suppression method of any one of claims 1-7.
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| CN202211227445.4A CN117849877A (en) | 2022-10-09 | 2022-10-09 | Cable coupling noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118311669A (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Distributed optical fiber sensing coupling noise forward modeling and suppressing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118311669A (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Distributed optical fiber sensing coupling noise forward modeling and suppressing method |
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