CN117745089B - Multi-satellite data-based method for estimating emission of pollutants in open-air incineration of straws - Google Patents
Multi-satellite data-based method for estimating emission of pollutants in open-air incineration of straws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating the emission of pollutants in the open-air burning of straws based on multi-satellite data, belonging to the technical field of atmospheric environment; comprising the following steps: acquiring the straw open-air burning fire points of each satellite product in the target time and the target area; screening fire radiation power of each satellite product by taking the same time and the same area as references, and estimating the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product; constructing a fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leakage repairing fire detecting radiation energy based on multi-satellite fire point data; based on a fitting estimation model, taking the minimum combustion area as an independent variable to obtain the radiation energy of the open-air straw incineration fire for making up a missed fire detection point; and estimating target time and emission of atmospheric pollutants in the open-air straw incineration in a target area based on the radiant energy of the open-air straw incineration in the leak detection fire point. The invention can compensate the radiant energy of the straw open-air burning fire at the missed fire detection point of the satellite product, and improves the accuracy of the emission estimation of the atmospheric pollutants of the straw open-air burning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric environment, relates to a method for estimating the emission of pollutants in the open-air incineration of straws based on multi-satellite data, and in particular relates to a method for estimating the emission of the pollutants in the open-air incineration of straws based on multi-satellite fire data fitting.
Background
The open-air burning of the straw discharges a large amount of pollutants and greenhouse gases, which has important influence on air quality, climate change and human health. Therefore, accurate estimation of the open-air incineration emission of the straw has important significance for researching the formation mechanism of the open-air incineration emission of the straw on the regional atmosphere combined pollution and formulating a related control scheme.
The detection performance and the fire monitoring capability of different satellite products are different, so that the fire monitoring data of the satellite products have different time resolutions (once every day from twice to 10 min) and spatial resolutions (375 m to 2000 m), and certain statistical relations exist between the different satellites for monitoring fire information in the same region and at the same time.
The current estimation method for the open-air incineration emission of the straws is based on statistical data and satellite monitoring data. The emission estimation based on the statistical data generally depends on the crop yield and the open-air straw burning ratio in the statistical annual inspection, but the statistical data update is relatively delayed, so that the open-air straw burning ratio is difficult to accurately acquire, and the time delay of the emission estimation of the method is caused. Compared with a method based on statistical data, although the satellite monitoring fire point can obviously improve the timeliness of the estimation of the straw open-air incineration emission, the satellite monitoring data can have the phenomenon that the fire point in a non-satellite transit period and the fire point with smaller burning area cannot be detected by satellite products, so that the straw open-air incineration emission is underestimated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-satellite data-based estimation method for the emission of the straw open-air incineration pollutants, which can compensate for the underestimation of the emission estimation of the atmospheric pollutants of satellite product fire point monitoring data, provide accurate basic data for relevant decision-making departments in time, and provide scientific support for the policy of regional atmospheric combined pollution and the implementation of measures.
The invention discloses a method for estimating the emission of pollutants in open-air straw incineration based on multi-satellite data, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, acquiring fire point data information of satellite products with different time-space resolutions at target time and on a target area;
Step 2, rural land utilization information of a target area is obtained, and based on superposition of the rural land utilization information and the fire point information obtained in the step 1 on a layer in geographic information software, straw open burning fire points of all satellite products in target time and the target area are obtained;
step 3, screening fire radiation power of each satellite product by taking the same time and the same area as references, and estimating the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target area;
Step 4, establishing a statistical relationship between the straw open-air incineration fire radiant energy obtained in the step 3 and the spatial resolution of each satellite product, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leak-repairing fire-detecting radiant energy based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at target time and target areas;
Step 5, based on a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the leakage repairing and fire detecting of the open-air straw burning, obtaining the minimum burning area of the open-air straw burning in the target area as an independent variable of the fitting estimation model, and obtaining the radiation energy of the open-air straw burning for making up the leakage detecting point;
And 6, based on the radiant energy of the open-air straw incineration of the leakage fire point, collecting the conversion coefficient of the radiant energy and the biomass combustion amount and the emission factor of biomass combustion per unit mass, estimating the target time and the emission of the atmospheric pollutants of the open-air straw incineration in the target area.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 11, downloading fire point data of satellite products with different time-space resolutions in a target time and a target area from an official website; wherein the fire point data comprises: time, longitude and latitude of fire occurrence and heat radiation power;
Step 12, converting the longitude and latitude information of each fire point into vector data in geographic information software according to the longitude and latitude information of each fire point; and removing fire points with confidence degrees lower than a preset threshold value as fire points with low confidence levels to obtain fire point information of each satellite product on the target time and the target area.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes:
Step 21, acquiring administrative division data and land use remote sensing monitoring data of a target area, storing the administrative division data and the land use remote sensing monitoring data as vector data by using geographic information software, and screening rural land use information of the target area according to a rural land use type screening principle; the rural land utilization information comprises dry farmlands, paddy fields and rural residential points;
and 22, superposing vector data of rural land utilization information of the target area screened in the step 21 and vector data of fire point data information of different satellite products obtained in the step 1 by utilizing a graph layer stacking function in geographic information software, and identifying the open burning fire points of the straw on the target area and at the target time of each satellite product.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 3 specifically includes:
And screening fire radiation power of other satellite products at corresponding moments based on the transit time of the satellite products with the finest spatial resolution by taking the same time and the same region as references, and further estimating and obtaining the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target region.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step4 specifically includes:
Step 41, establishing a mathematical statistical relationship by using a regression analysis function of data statistics analysis software, taking the spatial resolution of each satellite as an independent variable and the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning fire at a target area and a target time as a dependent variable, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning leak-repairing fire detection based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at the target time and the target area;
And 42, judging a sig value in a regression result of the fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leakage repairing and fire detecting radiation energy constructed in the step 41, if the sig value is smaller than 0.05, considering that the fitting model has statistical significance, and finally completing the construction of the fitting estimation model.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 5 specifically includes:
step 51, acquiring rural population and rural cultivated area data of a target area and target time to obtain the average cultivated area of the rural people;
and 52, substituting the rural area average cultivated area obtained in the step 51 as the minimum combustion area of the open-air straw incineration into a fitting estimation model of the open-air straw incineration leakage repairing fire detection radiant energy to obtain the open-air straw incineration radiant energy for compensating the leakage fire detection point.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 6 specifically includes:
Step 61, collecting conversion coefficients of satellite fire radiation energy into biomass combustion quantity, and obtaining the combustion quantity of the open-air straw incineration based on the open-air straw incineration radiation energy for making up the missed fire detection point obtained in the step 5;
and 62, collecting atmospheric pollutant emission factor data of biomass combustion of unit mass, and finally estimating and obtaining the atmospheric pollutant emission of the open-air straw incineration in the target area and the target time based on the open-air straw incineration amount obtained in the step 61.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the mathematical statistical relationship between the monitoring information of the straw open-air burning fire points of different satellites and the spatial resolution of each satellite is comprehensively utilized, and the straw open-air burning in each region is identified through the important parameter of the minimum burning area of the straw open-air burning; the radiation energy of the open-air straw incineration fire at the satellite product missed fire point can be made up, so that the open-air straw incineration condition can be more comprehensively known, the accuracy of the emission estimation of the atmospheric pollutants in the open-air straw incineration is improved, and the hysteresis of the traditional statistical data-based method and the emission underestimation of the satellite-based fire point monitoring data method are made up; the estimation method can provide data support for policy establishment and measure implementation of government and related departments, and can more effectively cope with environmental, climate and health problems caused by open-air straw burning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating emissions of pollutants from open-air incineration of straw based on multi-satellite data according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model for fitting multi-satellite fire data in North 2020;
fig. 3 shows the outdoor incineration of straw to atmospheric pollutants in the north China in 2020.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for estimating the emission of pollutants in open-air incineration of straws based on multi-satellite data, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, acquiring fire point data information of satellite products with different time-space resolutions at target time and on a target area;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 11, downloading fire point data of satellite products with different time-space resolutions in a target time and a target area from an official website; wherein, the fire point data includes: time, longitude and latitude of fire occurrence and heat radiation power;
Step 12, converting the longitude and latitude information of each fire point into vector data in geographic information software according to the longitude and latitude information of each fire point; and removing fire points with confidence degrees lower than a preset threshold value as fire points with low confidence levels to obtain fire point information of each satellite product on the target time and the target area.
Step 2, rural land utilization information of a target area is obtained, and based on superposition of the rural land utilization information and the fire point information obtained in the step 1 on a layer in geographic information software, straw open burning fire points of all satellite products in target time and the target area are obtained;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 21, acquiring administrative division data and land use remote sensing monitoring data of a target area, storing the administrative division data and the land use remote sensing monitoring data as vector data by using geographic information software, and screening rural land use information of the target area according to a rural land use type screening principle; the rural land utilization information comprises dry farmlands, paddy fields and rural residential points;
and 22, superposing vector data of rural land utilization information of the target area screened in the step 21 and vector data of fire point data information of different satellite products obtained in the step 1 by utilizing a graph layer stacking function in geographic information software, and identifying the open burning fire points of the straw on the target area and at the target time of each satellite product.
Step 3, screening fire radiation power of each satellite product by taking the same time and the same area as references, and estimating the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target area;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
And screening fire radiation power of other satellite products at corresponding moments based on the transit time of the satellite products with the finest spatial resolution by taking the same time and the same region as references, and further estimating and obtaining the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target region.
Step 4, establishing a statistical relationship between the straw open-air incineration fire radiant energy obtained in the step 3 and the spatial resolution of each satellite product, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leak-repairing fire-detecting radiant energy based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at target time and target areas;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 41, establishing a mathematical statistical relationship by using a regression analysis function of data statistics analysis software, taking the spatial resolution of each satellite as an independent variable and the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning fire at a target area and a target time as a dependent variable, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning leak-repairing fire detection based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at the target time and the target area;
And 42, judging a sig value in a regression result of the fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leakage repairing and fire detecting radiation energy constructed in the step 41, if the sig value is smaller than 0.05, considering that the fitting model has statistical significance, and finally completing the construction of the fitting estimation model.
Step 5, based on a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the leakage repairing and fire detecting of the open-air straw burning, obtaining the minimum burning area of the open-air straw burning in the target area as an independent variable of the fitting estimation model, and obtaining the radiation energy of the open-air straw burning for making up the leakage detecting point;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 51, acquiring rural population and rural cultivated area data of a target area and target time to obtain the average cultivated area of the rural people;
And 52, substituting the rural area average cultivated land area obtained in the step 51 as the minimum combustion area of the open-air straw incineration (namely, taking the arithmetic square root of the rural area average cultivated land area value as an independent variable) into a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the leakage-repairing fire detection of the open-air straw incineration, so as to obtain the radiation energy of the open-air straw incineration for compensating the leakage fire detection point.
Step 6, based on the radiant energy of the open-air straw incineration of the leakage fire point, collecting the conversion coefficient of the radiant energy and the biomass combustion amount and the emission factor of biomass combustion per unit mass, estimating the target time and the emission of the atmospheric pollutants of the open-air straw incineration in the target area;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 61, collecting conversion coefficients of satellite fire radiation energy into biomass combustion quantity, and obtaining the combustion quantity of the open-air straw incineration based on the open-air straw incineration radiation energy for making up the missed fire detection point obtained in the step 5;
and 62, collecting atmospheric pollutant emission factor data of biomass combustion of unit mass, and finally estimating and obtaining the atmospheric pollutant emission of the open-air straw incineration in the target area and the target time based on the open-air straw incineration amount obtained in the step 61.
Examples:
The invention provides a method for estimating the emission of the straw open-air incineration pollutant based on multi-satellite data, which selects satellite products VIIRS, MODIS and Himawari-8 widely applied to the establishment of the straw open-air incineration emission list at present, takes the north China (Beijing city, tianjin city, hebei province, shandong province, henan province and Shanxi province) with developed agriculture as a research target area, and establishes the straw open-air incineration emission list in the North China 2020, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, logging in an official website of the American aviation and aerospace agency, and downloading data of MCD14ML and VNP14IMG fire products in 2020 of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRs sensors; logging in a Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) P-Tree data service website, and downloading WLF (Wild Fire) fire data of Himawari-8 satellites. The downloaded fire point data comprise the time, longitude and latitude, heat radiation power and the like of the fire point. According to the longitude and latitude information, converting the longitude and latitude information into vector data in ArcGIS software, and removing fire points with conf <20 as fire points with low confidence level to obtain fire point data information of each satellite product.
S21, logging in a website of a national academy of sciences of China, geographical science and resource research institute, downloading administrative boundary vector data of the North China and land utilization remote sensing monitoring raster data of 2020, converting the land utilization remote sensing monitoring raster data of China into vector data by using geographic information software, finding out rural land utilization types according to a classification system in the land utilization remote sensing monitoring data of China, namely land utilization types (GRDCODE =11, 12 and 52) comprising upland fields, paddy fields and rural residential points, intersecting the obtained rural land utilization type data with the administrative boundary vector data of the North China, and obtaining rural land utilization vector data of the North China.
S22, superposing the fire point data of the satellite products in the North China obtained in the S1 and the rural land utilization vector data in the North China obtained in the S21 by utilizing the superposition layer function in ArcGIS software, and identifying the open burning fire point information of the straw in the North China of the satellites of VIIRS, MODIS and Himawari-8.
S31, screening fire radiation power data of MODIS and Himawari-8 at corresponding moments based on the finest spatial resolution VIIRs satellite (375 m) transit time (1:30 and 13:30 LT) to obtain fire radiation power at 1:30 and 13:30 moments of each satellite; based on the fire radiation power of each satellite at the time of 1:30 and 13:30, using Himawari-8 day fire distribution characteristics, establishing a fitting Gaussian function for each province in North China, calculating the open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite and each province for 12 months, and summarizing to obtain the open-air burning heat radiation energy of each satellite and each province for 2020 straw.
S41, using a regression analysis tool of SPSS to respectively establish a fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leak-repairing fire-exploring radiation energy for each satellite spatial resolution (VIIRS, MODIS and Himawari-8 spatial resolutions of 375m, 1000m and 2000 m) and 2020 open-air straw fire-incinerating radiation energy;
S42, judging whether the significance level (sig value) in each province linear regression result is smaller than 0.05, wherein the sig value is smaller than 0.05, which indicates that the regression model has statistical significance, namely the established model is established, the closer the correlation R is to 1, the more obvious the relation between the two is, the established model sig values are smaller than 0.05, the correlation R is larger than 0.93, and the established model is shown in figure 2.
S51, obtaining rural population and rural cultivated land area data of each province through official data, and calculating to obtain the average cultivated land area of each province;
s52, substituting the average cultivated land area obtained in the S51 as the minimum burning area of the open-air straw burning (namely, taking the arithmetic square root of the numerical value of the average cultivated land area in rural areas as an independent variable) into a radiation energy fitting estimation model for repairing leakage and exploring fire of the open-air straw burning, and calculating to obtain the radiation energy of the open-air straw burning after making up fire points.
S61, obtaining a conversion coefficient for converting fire radiation energy into straw combustion quantity through literature investigation, and obtaining biomass combustion quantity of straw open-air incineration based on the straw open-air incineration radiation energy for making up a missing fire detection point obtained in the S52;
s62, acquiring 12 pollutant (SO2,NOx,PM10,PM2.5,NMVOCs,NH3,CO,EC,OC,CO2,CH4 and N 2 O of biomass combustion of unit mass of 12 crops (collecting localized actual measurement emission factors as much as possible if the emission factors of certain pollutants of a certain crop have a plurality of actual measurement values, removing outliers and then averaging to be used as final emission factors) through literature investigation and 'technical guidelines for the emission of biomass combustion source atmospheric pollutants' by virtue of a literature, and finally estimating and obtaining the emission of the atmospheric pollutants of the straw open-air combustion in a target area and at a target time based on the biomass combustion amount obtained in the S61; the estimation results are shown in fig. 3, and the bar graph of each type of pollutant in fig. 3 corresponds to the province of henna, the province of eastern Shandong, the province of Shanxi, the province of henna, tianjin city and Beijing city from bottom to top in sequence.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the mathematical statistical relationship between the monitoring information of the straw open-air burning fire points of different satellites and the spatial resolution of each satellite is comprehensively utilized, and the straw open-air burning in each region is identified through the important parameter of the minimum burning area of the straw open-air burning; the omission of satellite fire detection is reduced by compensating for the leakage detection fire radiation energy, the open-air straw burning condition can be more comprehensively known, more accurate open-air straw burning emission is provided, and the hysteresis of the traditional statistical data-based method and the emission underestimation of the satellite-based fire monitoring method are compensated; the estimation method can provide data support for policy establishment and measure implementation of government and related departments, and can more effectively cope with environmental, climate and health problems caused by open-air straw burning.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for estimating the emission of the open-air straw incineration pollutants based on the multi-satellite data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, acquiring fire point data information of satellite products with different time-space resolutions at target time and on a target area;
Step 2, rural land utilization information of a target area is obtained, and based on superposition of the rural land utilization information and the fire point information obtained in the step 1 on a layer in geographic information software, straw open burning fire points of all satellite products in target time and the target area are obtained;
step 3, screening fire radiation power of each satellite product by taking the same time and the same area as references, and estimating the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target area;
step 4, establishing a statistical relationship between the straw open-air incineration fire radiant energy obtained in the step 3 and the spatial resolution of each satellite product, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leak-repairing fire-detecting radiant energy based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at target time and target areas; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 41, establishing a mathematical statistical relationship by using a regression analysis function of data statistics analysis software, taking the spatial resolution of each satellite as an independent variable and the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning fire at a target area and a target time as a dependent variable, and constructing a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the straw open-air burning leak-repairing fire detection based on multi-satellite fire point data aiming at the target time and the target area;
Step 42, judging the sig value in the regression result of the fitting estimation model of the straw open-air incineration leakage repairing and fire detecting radiation energy constructed in the step 41, if the sig value is smaller than 0.05, considering that the fitting model has statistical significance, and finally completing the construction of the fitting estimation model;
Step 5, based on a fitting estimation model of the radiation energy of the leakage repairing and fire detecting of the open-air straw burning, obtaining the minimum burning area of the open-air straw burning in the target area as an independent variable of the fitting estimation model, and obtaining the radiation energy of the open-air straw burning for making up the leakage detecting point; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 51, acquiring rural population and rural cultivated area data of a target area and target time to obtain the average cultivated area of the rural people;
Step 52, substituting the rural area average cultivated area obtained in the step 51 as the minimum combustion area of the open-air straw incineration into a fitting estimation model of the open-air straw incineration repairing and fire detection radiation energy to obtain the open-air straw incineration radiation energy for repairing the fire detection point;
Step 6, based on the radiant energy of the open-air straw incineration of the leakage fire point, collecting the conversion coefficient of the radiant energy and the biomass combustion amount and the emission factor of biomass combustion per unit mass, estimating the target time and the emission of the atmospheric pollutants of the open-air straw incineration in the target area; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 61, collecting conversion coefficients of satellite fire radiation energy into biomass combustion quantity, and obtaining the combustion quantity of the open-air straw incineration based on the open-air straw incineration radiation energy for making up the missed fire detection point obtained in the step 5;
and 62, collecting atmospheric pollutant emission factor data of biomass combustion of unit mass, and finally estimating and obtaining the atmospheric pollutant emission of the open-air straw incineration in the target area and the target time based on the open-air straw incineration amount obtained in the step 61.
2. The method for estimating the emission of the open-air incineration pollutants of the straws based on the multi-satellite data as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically includes:
step 11, downloading fire point data of satellite products with different time-space resolutions in a target time and a target area from an official website; wherein the fire point data comprises: time, longitude and latitude of fire occurrence and heat radiation power;
Step 12, converting the longitude and latitude information of each fire point into vector data in geographic information software according to the longitude and latitude information of each fire point; and removing fire points with confidence degrees lower than a preset threshold value as fire points with low confidence levels to obtain fire point information of each satellite product on the target time and the target area.
3. The method for estimating the emission of the open-air incineration pollutants of the straws based on the multi-satellite data as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically includes:
Step 21, acquiring administrative division data and land use remote sensing monitoring data of a target area, storing the administrative division data and the land use remote sensing monitoring data as vector data by using geographic information software, and screening rural land use information of the target area according to a rural land use type screening principle; the rural land utilization information comprises dry farmlands, paddy fields and rural residential points;
and 22, superposing vector data of rural land utilization information of the target area screened in the step 21 and vector data of fire point data information of different satellite products obtained in the step 1 by utilizing a graph layer stacking function in geographic information software, and identifying the open burning fire points of the straw on the target area and at the target time of each satellite product.
4. The method for estimating the emission of the open-air incineration pollutants of the straws based on the multi-satellite data as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically includes:
And screening fire radiation power of other satellite products at corresponding moments based on the transit time of the satellite products with the finest spatial resolution by taking the same time and the same region as references, and further estimating and obtaining the straw open-air burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product at the target time and the target region.
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