CN117745089B - Multi-satellite data-based method for estimating emission of pollutants in open-air incineration of straws - Google Patents
Multi-satellite data-based method for estimating emission of pollutants in open-air incineration of straws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于大气环境技术领域，涉及一种基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法，具体涉及一种基于多卫星火点数据拟合的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放估算方法。The invention belongs to the field of atmospheric environment technology, and relates to a method for estimating pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw based on multi-satellite data, and specifically to a method for estimating atmospheric pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw based on multi-satellite fire point data fitting.
背景技术Background technique
秸秆露天焚烧排放大量污染物及温室气体，对空气质量、气候变化与人体健康均有重要影响。因此，准确估算秸秆露天焚烧排放对于研究其对区域大气复合污染的形成机制、制定相关控制方案具有重要意义。Open-air burning of straw emits a large amount of pollutants and greenhouse gases, which have a significant impact on air quality, climate change and human health. Therefore, accurately estimating the emissions from open-air burning of straw is of great significance for studying its formation mechanism of regional atmospheric complex pollution and formulating relevant control plans.
不同卫星产品的探测性能和火点监测能力不同，使卫星产品的火点监测数据有不同时间分辨率(每天过境两次到10min一次)和空间分辨率(375m到2000m)，导致不同卫星对于同一地区、同一时间的监测火点信息之间存在一定统计关系。Different satellite products have different detection performance and fire monitoring capabilities, which results in different temporal resolutions (from twice a day to once every 10 minutes) and spatial resolutions (375m to 2000m) of the fire monitoring data of satellite products. This leads to a certain statistical relationship between the fire point information monitored by different satellites in the same area and at the same time.
目前秸秆露天焚烧排放估算方法有基于统计数据和卫星监测数据。其中，基于统计数据的排放估算通常依赖于统计年鉴中的农作物产量与秸秆露天焚烧比例，但统计数据更新相对滞后，秸秆露天焚烧比例准确获取难度较大，导致该方法排放估算的时间滞后性。与基于统计数据的方法相比，卫星监测火点虽然可以显著提高秸秆露天焚烧排放估算的时效性，但是卫星监测数据会存在非卫星过境时段火点与燃烧面积较小的火点无法被卫星产品探测的现象，导致秸秆露天焚烧排放被低估。At present, there are two methods for estimating emissions from open-air burning of straw: based on statistical data and satellite monitoring data. Among them, emission estimates based on statistical data usually rely on the ratio of crop yields to open-air burning of straw in the statistical yearbook, but the update of statistical data is relatively lagging, and it is difficult to accurately obtain the ratio of open-air burning of straw, resulting in a time lag in the emission estimation of this method. Compared with the method based on statistical data, satellite monitoring of fire points can significantly improve the timeliness of emission estimates from open-air burning of straw, but satellite monitoring data may have the phenomenon that fire points during non-satellite transit periods and fire points with small burning areas cannot be detected by satellite products, resulting in underestimated emissions from open-air burning of straw.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的不足之处，本发明提供一种基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法，其可弥补卫星产品火点监测数据的大气污染物排放估算低估，为相关决策部门及时提供准确的基础数据，为区域大气复合污染的政策出台和措施实施提供科学支撑。In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for estimating pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw based on multi-satellite data, which can make up for the underestimated estimation of atmospheric pollutant emissions from fire point monitoring data of satellite products, provide accurate basic data for relevant decision-making departments in a timely manner, and provide scientific support for the formulation of policies and implementation of measures for regional atmospheric complex pollution.
本发明公开了一种基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法，包括：The present invention discloses a method for estimating pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning based on multi-satellite data, comprising:
步骤1、获取不同时空分辨率的卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据信息；Step 1: Obtain fire point data information of satellite products with different temporal and spatial resolutions at target time and target area;
步骤2、获取目标区域的农村土地利用信息，基于农村土地利用信息与步骤1获取的火点数据信息在地理信息软件中图层上的叠加，获取各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火点；Step 2: obtain rural land use information of the target area, and obtain the open-air straw burning fire points of each satellite product at the target time and target area based on the superposition of the rural land use information and the fire point data information obtained in step 1 on the layer in the geographic information software;
步骤3、以相同时间和相同区域为基准，筛选各卫星产品的火辐射功率，并估算各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能；Step 3: Based on the same time and the same area, the fire radiation power of each satellite product is screened, and the fire radiation energy of open-air straw burning of each satellite product in the target time and target area is estimated;
步骤4、建立步骤3获取的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能与各卫星产品的空间分辨率的统计关系，针对目标时间和目标区域构建基于多卫星火点数据的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型；Step 4: Establish a statistical relationship between the radiant energy of open-air straw burning fire obtained in step 3 and the spatial resolution of each satellite product, and construct a fitting estimation model for the radiant energy of open-air straw burning fire based on multi-satellite fire point data for the target time and target area;
步骤5、基于秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型，获取目标区域秸秆露天焚烧最小燃烧面积作为拟合估算模型的自变量，得到弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能；Step 5: Based on the fitting estimation model of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fire radiation energy, the minimum burning area of open-air straw burning in the target area is obtained as the independent variable of the fitting estimation model to obtain the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy that compensates for missed fire points;
步骤6、基于弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，收集火辐射能与生物质燃烧量的转化系数以及单位质量生物质燃烧的排放因子，估算目标时间和目标区域的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放。Step 6: Based on the fire radiation energy of open-air straw burning to make up for the missed fire points, the conversion coefficient of fire radiation energy and biomass combustion amount and the emission factor of unit mass of biomass combustion are collected to estimate the atmospheric pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning in the target time and target area.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤1，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 1 specifically comprises:
步骤11、从官方网址下载不同时空分辨率的卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据；其中，所述火点数据包括：火点发生的时间、经纬度以及热辐射功率；Step 11, downloading satellite products of different temporal and spatial resolutions at target time and target area from the official website; wherein the fire point data includes: the time, longitude and latitude of the fire point, and thermal radiation power;
步骤12、依据各火点的经纬度信息，在地理信息软件中将其转为矢量数据；并将置信度低于预设阈值的火点作为置信水平低的火点进行剔除，得到各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据信息。Step 12: Based on the latitude and longitude information of each fire point, convert it into vector data in the geographic information software; and eliminate the fire points with confidence levels lower than the preset threshold as fire points with low confidence levels, so as to obtain the fire point data information of each satellite product at the target time and target area.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤2，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 2 specifically comprises:
步骤21、获取目标区域行政区划数据与土地利用遥感监测数据，利用地理信息软件存为矢量数据并使用相交功能，依据农村土地利用类型筛选原则，筛选目标区域的农村土地利用信息；其中，农村土地利用信息包括旱田、水田以及农村居民点；Step 21, obtaining administrative division data and land use remote sensing monitoring data of the target area, saving them as vector data using geographic information software and using the intersection function, and screening rural land use information of the target area according to the rural land use type screening principle; wherein the rural land use information includes dry fields, paddy fields and rural settlements;
步骤22、利用地理信息软件中的图层叠加功能，对步骤21筛选出的目标区域的农村土地利用信息的矢量数据与步骤1得到的不同卫星产品的火点数据信息的矢量数据进行叠加，识别出各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火点。Step 22: Using the layer overlay function in the geographic information software, the vector data of the rural land use information of the target area screened out in step 21 is overlaid with the vector data of the fire point data information of different satellite products obtained in step 1, and the open-air straw burning fire points of each satellite product at the target time and target area are identified.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤3，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 3 specifically comprises:
以相同时间和相同区域为基准，基于最精细空间分辨率卫星产品的过境时间筛选出其他卫星产品相应时刻的火辐射功率，进而估算得到各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能。Taking the same time and the same area as the benchmark, the fire radiation power of other satellite products at the corresponding time was screened out based on the transit time of the satellite product with the finest spatial resolution, and then the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product in the target time and target area was estimated.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤4，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 4 specifically comprises:
步骤41、利用数据统计分析软件的回归分析功能，以各卫星空间分辨率为自变量，以目标区域和目标时间的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能为因变量建立数学统计关系，针对目标时间和目标区域构建基于多卫星火点数据的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型；Step 41, using the regression analysis function of the data statistical analysis software, taking the spatial resolution of each satellite as the independent variable and the radiant energy of open-air straw burning in the target area and target time as the dependent variable to establish a mathematical statistical relationship, and constructing a fitting estimation model for the radiant energy of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fires based on multi-satellite fire point data for the target time and target area;
步骤42、对步骤41所构建的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型的回归结果中的sig值进行判断，若sig值小于0.05，即认为拟合模型具有统计意义，最终完成拟合估算模型的构建。Step 42: judge the sig value in the regression result of the fitting estimation model for compensating for the radiation energy of missed fire by open-air burning of straw constructed in step 41. If the sig value is less than 0.05, it is considered that the fitting model is statistically significant, and finally the construction of the fitting estimation model is completed.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤5，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 5 specifically comprises:
步骤51、获取目标区域和目标时间的农村人口和农村耕地面积数据，得到农村人均耕地面积；Step 51, obtaining rural population and rural cultivated land area data in the target area and target time, and obtaining the rural per capita cultivated land area;
步骤52、将步骤51得到的农村人均耕地面积作为秸秆露天焚烧的最小燃烧面积代入秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型，得到弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能。Step 52: Substitute the rural per capita cultivated land area obtained in step 51 as the minimum burning area for open-air straw burning into the fitting estimation model for compensating for the radiation energy of missed fires by open-air straw burning, and obtain the radiation energy of open-air straw burning that compensates for missed fire points.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述步骤6，具体包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 6 specifically includes:
步骤61、收集卫星火辐射能转化为生物质燃烧量的转化系数，基于步骤5得到的弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，得到秸秆露天焚烧的燃烧量；Step 61, collecting the conversion coefficient of satellite fire radiation energy into biomass combustion amount, and obtaining the combustion amount of open-air straw burning based on the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy to make up for the missed fire point obtained in step 5;
步骤62、收集单位质量生物质燃烧的大气污染物排放因子数据，基于步骤61得到的秸秆露天焚烧量，最终估算得到目标区域和目标时间的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放。Step 62: Collect the data of air pollutant emission factors per unit mass of biomass combustion, and based on the amount of open-air burning of straw obtained in step 61, finally estimate the air pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw in the target area and target time.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明综合利用不同卫星秸秆露天焚烧火点监测信息与各卫星空间分辨率的数学统计关系，通过秸秆露天焚烧最小燃烧面积这一重要参数，识别各地区秸秆露天焚烧；可以弥补卫星产品漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，从而更全面的了解秸秆露天焚烧情况，提升秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放估算的准确性，弥补了传统的基于统计数据方法的滞后性与基于卫星监测火点数据方法的排放低估；本发明的估算方法可以为政府和相关部门的政策制定和措施实施提供数据支撑，可以更有效的应对秸秆露天焚烧引发的环境、气候和健康问题。The present invention comprehensively utilizes the mathematical statistical relationship between different satellite monitoring information on open-air straw burning fire points and the spatial resolution of each satellite, and identifies open-air straw burning in various regions through the important parameter of the minimum burning area of open-air straw burning. It can make up for the radiation energy of open-air straw burning fire points missed by satellite products, so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of the open-air straw burning situation, improve the accuracy of the estimation of atmospheric pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning, and make up for the lag of traditional statistical data-based methods and the underestimated emissions based on satellite monitoring fire point data methods. The estimation method of the present invention can provide data support for policy formulation and measure implementation of the government and relevant departments, and can more effectively deal with the environmental, climate and health problems caused by open-air straw burning.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明公开的基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法的流程图；FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning based on multi-satellite data disclosed in the present invention;
图2为2020年华北地区各省多卫星火点数据拟合模型示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fitting model of multi-satellite fire point data for provinces in North China in 2020;
图3为2020年华北地区秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放。Figure 3 shows the emissions of atmospheric pollutants from open burning of straw in North China in 2020.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述：The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如图1所示，本发明提供一种基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法，包括：As shown in FIG1 , the present invention provides a method for estimating pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning based on multi-satellite data, comprising:
步骤1、获取不同时空分辨率的卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据信息；Step 1: Obtain fire point data information of satellite products with different temporal and spatial resolutions at target time and target area;
具体包括：Specifically include:
步骤11、从官方网址下载不同时空分辨率的卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据；其中，火点数据包括：火点发生的时间、经纬度以及热辐射功率；Step 11, download the fire point data of satellite products with different temporal and spatial resolutions at the target time and target area from the official website; wherein the fire point data includes: the time, longitude and latitude of the fire point, and thermal radiation power;
步骤12、依据各火点的经纬度信息，在地理信息软件中将其转为矢量数据；并将置信度低于预设阈值的火点作为置信水平低的火点进行剔除，得到各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的火点数据信息。Step 12: Based on the latitude and longitude information of each fire point, convert it into vector data in the geographic information software; and eliminate the fire points with confidence levels lower than the preset threshold as fire points with low confidence levels, so as to obtain the fire point data information of each satellite product at the target time and target area.
步骤2、获取目标区域的农村土地利用信息，基于农村土地利用信息与步骤1获取的火点数据信息在地理信息软件中图层上的叠加，获取各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火点；Step 2: obtain rural land use information of the target area, and obtain the open-air straw burning fire points of each satellite product at the target time and target area based on the superposition of the rural land use information and the fire point data information obtained in step 1 on the layer in the geographic information software;
具体包括：Specifically include:
步骤21、获取目标区域行政区划数据与土地利用遥感监测数据，利用地理信息软件存为矢量数据并使用相交功能，依据农村土地利用类型筛选原则，筛选目标区域的农村土地利用信息；其中，农村土地利用信息包括旱田、水田以及农村居民点；Step 21, obtaining administrative division data and land use remote sensing monitoring data of the target area, saving them as vector data using geographic information software and using the intersection function, and screening rural land use information of the target area according to the rural land use type screening principle; wherein the rural land use information includes dry fields, paddy fields and rural settlements;
步骤22、利用地理信息软件中的图层叠加功能，对步骤21筛选出的目标区域的农村土地利用信息的矢量数据与步骤1得到的不同卫星产品的火点数据信息的矢量数据进行叠加，识别出各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火点。Step 22: Using the layer overlay function in the geographic information software, the vector data of the rural land use information of the target area screened out in step 21 is overlaid with the vector data of the fire point data information of different satellite products obtained in step 1, and the open-air straw burning fire points of each satellite product at the target time and target area are identified.
步骤3、以相同时间和相同区域为基准，筛选各卫星产品的火辐射功率，并估算各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能；Step 3: Based on the same time and the same area, the fire radiation power of each satellite product is screened, and the fire radiation energy of open-air straw burning of each satellite product in the target time and target area is estimated;
具体包括：Specifically include:
以相同时间和相同区域为基准，基于最精细空间分辨率卫星产品的过境时间筛选出其他卫星产品相应时刻的火辐射功率，进而估算得到各卫星产品在目标时间与目标区域上的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能。Taking the same time and the same area as the benchmark, the fire radiation power of other satellite products at the corresponding time was screened out based on the transit time of the satellite product with the finest spatial resolution, and then the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy of each satellite product in the target time and target area was estimated.
步骤4、建立步骤3获取的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能与各卫星产品的空间分辨率的统计关系，针对目标时间和目标区域构建基于多卫星火点数据的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型；Step 4: Establish a statistical relationship between the radiant energy of open-air straw burning fire obtained in step 3 and the spatial resolution of each satellite product, and construct a fitting estimation model for the radiant energy of open-air straw burning fire based on multi-satellite fire point data for the target time and target area;
具体包括：Specifically include:
步骤41、利用数据统计分析软件的回归分析功能，以各卫星空间分辨率为自变量，以目标区域和目标时间的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能为因变量建立数学统计关系，针对目标时间和目标区域构建基于多卫星火点数据的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型；Step 41, using the regression analysis function of the data statistical analysis software, taking the spatial resolution of each satellite as the independent variable and the radiant energy of open-air straw burning in the target area and target time as the dependent variable to establish a mathematical statistical relationship, and constructing a fitting estimation model for the radiant energy of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fires based on multi-satellite fire point data for the target time and target area;
步骤42、对步骤41所构建的秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型的回归结果中的sig值进行判断，若sig值小于0.05，即认为拟合模型具有统计意义，最终完成拟合估算模型的构建。Step 42: judge the sig value in the regression result of the fitting estimation model for compensating for the radiation energy of missed fire by open-air burning of straw constructed in step 41. If the sig value is less than 0.05, it is considered that the fitting model is statistically significant, and finally the construction of the fitting estimation model is completed.
步骤5、基于秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型，获取目标区域秸秆露天焚烧最小燃烧面积作为拟合估算模型的自变量，得到弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能；Step 5: Based on the fitting estimation model of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fire radiation energy, the minimum burning area of open-air straw burning in the target area is obtained as the independent variable of the fitting estimation model to obtain the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy that compensates for missed fire points;
具体包括：Specifically include:
步骤51、获取目标区域和目标时间的农村人口和农村耕地面积数据，得到农村人均耕地面积；Step 51, obtaining rural population and rural cultivated land area data in the target area and target time, and obtaining the rural per capita cultivated land area;
步骤52、将步骤51得到的农村人均耕地面积作为秸秆露天焚烧的最小燃烧面积(即以农村人均耕地面积数值的算数平方根作为自变量)代入秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型，得到弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能。Step 52, substituting the rural per capita cultivated land area obtained in step 51 as the minimum burning area for open-air burning of straw (i.e., taking the arithmetic square root of the rural per capita cultivated land area as the independent variable) into the fitting estimation model for compensating for the radiation energy of missed fires by open-air burning of straw, and obtaining the radiation energy of open-air burning of straw to compensate for missed fire points.
步骤6、基于弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，收集火辐射能与生物质燃烧量的转化系数以及单位质量生物质燃烧的排放因子，估算目标时间和目标区域的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放；Step 6: Based on the fire radiation energy of open-air straw burning that compensates for missed fire points, the conversion coefficient between fire radiation energy and biomass combustion amount and the emission factor per unit mass of biomass combustion are collected to estimate the atmospheric pollutant emissions from open-air straw burning at the target time and in the target area;
具体包括：Specifically include:
步骤61、收集卫星火辐射能转化为生物质燃烧量的转化系数，基于步骤5得到的弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，得到秸秆露天焚烧的燃烧量；Step 61, collecting the conversion coefficient of satellite fire radiation energy into biomass combustion amount, and obtaining the combustion amount of open-air straw burning based on the open-air straw burning fire radiation energy to make up for the missed fire point obtained in step 5;
步骤62、收集单位质量生物质燃烧的大气污染物排放因子数据，基于步骤61得到的秸秆露天焚烧量，最终估算得到目标区域和目标时间的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放。Step 62: Collect the data of air pollutant emission factors per unit mass of biomass combustion, and based on the amount of open-air burning of straw obtained in step 61, finally estimate the air pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw in the target area and target time.
实施例：Example:
利用本发明提供的一种基于多卫星数据的秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放估算方法，选取目前广泛应用于秸秆露天焚烧排放清单建立的卫星产品VIIRs、MODIS和Himawari-8，以农业较为发达的华北地区(北京市、天津市、河北省、山东省、河南省、山西省)作为研究目标区域，建立华北地区2020年秸秆露天焚烧排放清单，具体包括：Using the method for estimating pollutant emissions from open burning of straw based on multi-satellite data provided by the present invention, the satellite products VIIRs, MODIS and Himawari-8, which are currently widely used in the establishment of emission inventories for open burning of straw, are selected. The agriculturally developed North China region (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Shanxi) is taken as the research target area, and the emission inventory for open burning of straw in North China in 2020 is established, which specifically includes:
S1、登录美国航空航天局官方网站，下载MODIS(Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer)和VIIRs传感器的2020年每月MCD14ML和VNP14IMG火点产品数据；登录日本气象局(JMA)P-Tree数据服务网站，下载Himawari-8卫星的WLF(Wild Fire)火点数据。下载好的火点数据包含火点发生的时间、经纬度以及热辐射功率等数据。依据其经纬度信息，在ArcGIS软件中将其转为矢量数据，并将conf<20的火点作为置信水平低的火点进行剔除，得到各卫星产品的火点数据信息。S1. Log in to the official website of NASA and download the monthly MCD14ML and VNP14IMG fire point product data of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRs sensors in 2020; log in to the P-Tree data service website of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and download the WLF (Wild Fire) fire point data of the Himawari-8 satellite. The downloaded fire point data includes the time, longitude and latitude of the fire point, and thermal radiation power. According to its longitude and latitude information, it is converted into vector data in ArcGIS software, and the fire points with conf<20 are eliminated as fire points with low confidence levels to obtain the fire point data information of each satellite product.
S21、登录中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所网站下载华北地区行政边界矢量数据和2020年中国土地利用遥感监测栅格数据，利用地理信息软件将中国土地利用遥感监测栅格数据转为矢量数据，根据中国土地利用遥感监测数据中的分类体系，找到农村土地利用类型，即包含旱田、水田以及农村居民点的土地利用类型(GRDCODE＝11、12和52)，将得到的农村土地利用类型数据，与华北地区行政边界矢量数据相交，得到华北地区农村土地利用矢量数据。S21. Log in to the website of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, download the administrative boundary vector data of North China and the 2020 China land use remote sensing monitoring raster data, use geographic information software to convert the China land use remote sensing monitoring raster data into vector data, and find the rural land use type according to the classification system in the China land use remote sensing monitoring data, that is, the land use type including dry fields, paddy fields and rural settlements (GRDCODE=11, 12 and 52), and intersect the obtained rural land use type data with the administrative boundary vector data of North China to obtain the rural land use vector data of North China.
S22、利用ArcGIS软件中的叠加图层功能，将S1获得华北地区各卫星产品火点数据与S21获得的华北地区农村土地利用矢量数据两个图层叠加，识别出VIIRs、MODIS和Himawari-8卫星的华北地区秸秆露天焚烧火点信息。S22. Using the overlay layer function in ArcGIS software, the fire point data of various satellite products in North China obtained by S1 and the rural land use vector data of North China obtained by S21 were overlaid to identify the fire point information of open-air straw burning in North China from VIIRs, MODIS and Himawari-8 satellites.
S31、基于最精细空间分辨率VIIRs卫星(375m)过境时间(1:30和13:30LT)筛选MODIS和Himawari-8相应时刻火辐射功率数据，得到各卫星1:30和13:30时刻的火辐射功率；基于各卫星1:30和13:30时刻的火辐射功率，使用Himawari-8日火灾分布特征，针对华北地区每个省份建立拟合高斯函数，计算各卫星、各省12个月的月秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，汇总得到各卫星、各省2020年秸秆露天焚烧热辐射能。S31. Based on the transit time (1:30 and 13:30 LT) of the VIIRs satellite (375m) with the finest spatial resolution, the fire radiation power data of MODIS and Himawari-8 at the corresponding times were screened to obtain the fire radiation power of each satellite at 1:30 and 13:30; based on the fire radiation power of each satellite at 1:30 and 13:30, the daily fire distribution characteristics of Himawari-8 were used to establish a fitting Gaussian function for each province in North China, and the monthly open straw burning fire radiation energy of each satellite and province for 12 months was calculated, and the open straw burning thermal radiation energy of each satellite and province in 2020 was summarized.
S41、利用SPSS的回归分析工具，分别对各省各卫星空间分辨率((VIIRs、MODIS和Himawari-8空间分辨率为375m、1000m和2000m))与2020年秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能建立秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能的拟合估算模型；S41. Using the regression analysis tool of SPSS, the fitting estimation model of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fire radiation energy was established for each province and each satellite spatial resolution (VIIRs, MODIS and Himawari-8 spatial resolution are 375m, 1000m and 2000m) and the fire radiation energy of open-air straw burning in 2020;
S42、判断各省线性回归结果中的显著性水平(sig值)是否小于0.05，sig值小于0.05说明回归的模型具有统计意义，即建立的模型是成立的，且其相关性R越接近1，说明两者之间关系越显著，本发明建立的模型sig值均小于0.05，且相关性R均大于0.93，建立的模型如图2所示。S42. Determine whether the significance level (sig value) in the linear regression results of each province is less than 0.05. A sig value less than 0.05 indicates that the regression model has statistical significance, that is, the established model is valid, and the closer the correlation R is to 1, the more significant the relationship between the two. The sig values of the models established by the present invention are all less than 0.05, and the correlation R is all greater than 0.93. The established model is shown in Figure 2.
S51、通过官方数据获得各省农村人口和农村耕地面积数据，计算得到各省人均耕地面积；S51. Obtain the rural population and rural cultivated land area data of each province through official data, and calculate the per capita cultivated land area of each province;
S52、将S51得到的人均耕地面积作为秸秆露天焚烧最小燃烧面积(即以农村人均耕地面积数值的算数平方根作为自变量)代入秸秆露天焚烧弥补漏探火辐射能拟合估算模型，计算得到弥补火点后的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能。S52. Substitute the per capita cultivated land area obtained in S51 as the minimum burning area for open-air straw burning (i.e., the arithmetic square root of the per capita cultivated land area in rural areas as the independent variable) into the fitting estimation model for the radiation energy of open-air straw burning to compensate for missed fires, and calculate the radiation energy of open-air straw burning after compensating for the fire point.
S61、通过文献调研获得将火辐射能转化为秸秆燃烧量的转化系数，基于S52得到的弥补漏探火点的秸秆露天焚烧火辐射能，得到秸秆露天焚烧的生物质燃烧量；S61. Obtain the conversion coefficient of fire radiation energy into straw combustion amount through literature research, and obtain the biomass combustion amount of straw open-air burning based on the fire radiation energy of straw open-air burning to compensate for the missed fire points obtained in S52;
S62、通过文献调研和《生物质焚烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》获取12种作物单位质量生物质燃烧的12种污染物(SO2,NOx,PM10,PM2.5,NMVOCs,NH3,CO,EC,OC,CO2,CH4和N2O)排放因子(尽可能多的收集本地化实测排放因子，若某作物某污染物的排放因子有多个实测值，去除离群值后求平均值作为最终排放因子)，进而基于S61得到的秸秆露天焚烧的生物质燃烧量，最终估算得到目标区域、目标时间的秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放；估算结果如图3所示，图3中每类污染物的柱状图自下而上依次对应河南省、山东省、山西省、河北省、天津市和北京市。S62. Through literature research and the "Technical Guidelines for the Preparation of Air Pollutant Emission Inventories from Biomass Incineration Sources", the emission factors of 12 pollutants ( SO2 , NOx , PM10 , PM2.5 , NMVOCs, NH3 , CO, EC, OC, CO2 , CH4 and N2O ) per unit mass of biomass combustion of 12 crops were obtained (as many local measured emission factors as possible were collected. If there were multiple measured values for the emission factor of a certain pollutant of a certain crop, the outlier was removed and the average value was calculated as the final emission factor). Based on the biomass combustion amount of open-air burning of straw obtained in S61, the air pollutant emissions from open-air burning of straw in the target area and target time were finally estimated. The estimation results are shown in Figure 3. The bar chart of each type of pollutant in Figure 3 corresponds to Henan Province, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province, Hebei Province, Tianjin City and Beijing City from bottom to top.
本发明的优点为：The advantages of the present invention are:
本发明综合利用不同卫星秸秆露天焚烧火点监测信息与各卫星空间分辨率的数学统计关系，通过秸秆露天焚烧最小燃烧面积这一重要参数，识别各地区秸秆露天焚烧；弥补漏探火辐射能来降低卫星火点探测的遗漏，可更全面的了解秸秆露天焚烧情况，提供更为准确的秸秆露天焚烧排放，弥补了传统的基于统计数据方法的滞后性与基于卫星监测火点数据方法的排放低估；本发明的估算方法可以为政府和相关部门的政策制定和措施实施提供数据支撑，可以更有效的应对秸秆露天焚烧引发的环境、气候和健康问题。The present invention comprehensively utilizes the mathematical statistical relationship between different satellite straw open-air burning fire point monitoring information and the spatial resolution of each satellite, and identifies the straw open-air burning in various regions through the important parameter of the minimum burning area of straw open-air burning; makes up for the missed fire radiation energy to reduce the omissions of satellite fire point detection, can more comprehensively understand the straw open-air burning situation, provide more accurate straw open-air burning emissions, and make up for the lag of traditional statistical data-based methods and the emission underestimation based on satellite monitoring fire point data methods; the estimation method of the present invention can provide data support for policy formulation and measure implementation of the government and relevant departments, and can more effectively deal with the environmental, climate and health problems caused by straw open-air burning.
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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