CN117290644A - Calculation method of motion curve equation of aerial object - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calculation method of an air object motion curve equation, which comprises the following steps: for a water surface target, establishing a velocity component equation of the bomb, a curve equation of bomb motion, a target velocity equation and a curve equation of the target; when the position of the target relative to the aircraft is r=v 1 T 1 In the case of a circle of radius, the target is struck by adjusting angle beta, and the bomb can hit the target. The method for establishing the model is simple and easy to read and understand; the built models are given by mathematical formulas, so that the method is easy to popularize; the model is combined with practice, and has high practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation anti-diving, and particularly relates to a calculation method of an aerial object motion curve equation.
Background
In the sea-air combined combat under the informatization condition, the bomber needs to attack targets on the sea and under the water, so that the targets can be effectively hit, the optimal time for throwing the bomb in the air is the most critical problem, a mathematical model is built, and the bomb is influenced by factors such as wind speed, wind direction and sea water density in the movement, so that modeling analysis is performed to obtain the optimal time for throwing the bomb.
In combined sea and air operations under modern conditions, it is often necessary to bombe an aircraft against objects moving on the water and under water. In order to destroy the attack target more effectively, the problem of analyzing the time of the aircraft to launch in the air is an important subject.
In general, the accuracy of the projectile of an aircraft is related to factors such as the speed, altitude, direction and the like of the flight, the position, size, movement speed, direction and the like of a target, the size and weight of the projectile, the wind speed and direction at sea, the density and depth of sea water and the like. If the bomb is approximately a sphere, the bomb is unpowered, the bomb can explode when contacting the target body, and the more the impact point is close to the center of the target, the more the target is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a calculation method of an air object motion curve equation.
The invention discloses a calculation method of an air object motion curve equation, which comprises the following steps:
for a water surface target, establishing a bomb velocity component equation:
wherein v is 1 For initial velocity of bomb v 2 For the velocity of wind, α is the wind and x-axis angle, β is the bomb firing direction and x-axis angle, v x ,v y ,v z The component speeds of the bomb in the directions of x, y and z axes are g, g is gravitational acceleration, and t is time;
curve equation for bomb motion:
h is the aircraft altitude;
target speed equation:
gamma is the included angle between the target advancing direction and the y axis, v 3 A speed that is a target;
curve equation for the target:
x 0 ,y 0 is the initial position of the target;
from the equation of the curve of bomb motion and the equation of the curve of the target:
z=0 in the equation of the curve of bomb motion yields the time of flight of the bomb in air
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 1 +v 2 cosα·T 1 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 )] 2 =(v 1 T 1 ) 2
When the position (x 0, y 0) of the target relative to the aircraft is at (v) 2 cosα·T 1 +v 3 sinγ·T 1 ,v 2 sinα·T 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 ) For the centre of a circle r=v 1 T 1 In the case of a circle of radius, the target is struck by adjusting the angle β, which is determined by:
further, when the target is at a certain depth under water, the velocity components of the bomb in the water are:
wherein ρ is 1 Is the density of the bomb ρ 1 Is the density of seawater;
the equation of the bomb curve in water is:
component of the speed of travel of the target in water:
equation of curve of the target traveling in water:
simultaneous equations constitute new equations:
and (3) solving to obtain:
T 2 is the total movement time of the bomb in the air and water;
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 2 +v 2 cosα·T 2 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 )] 2 =(v 1 T 2 ) 2
i.e. when the target is located relative to the aircraft (x 0 ,y 0 ) Is of the formula (v) 2 cosα·T 2 +v 3 sinγ·T 2 ,v 2 sinα·T 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 ) Is the center of a circle v 1 T 2 Is a circle of radiusWhen the target is bombed by adjusting beta, the target can be hit; the angle β is determined by the following formula:
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for establishing the model is simple and easy to read and understand; the built models are given by mathematical formulas, so that the method is easy to popularize; the model is combined with practice, and has high practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bomb according to the present invention in air;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a bomb in air and water;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an aircraft oriented in line with a ship;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aircraft in an opposite direction to a ship;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view (1) of an aircraft perpendicular to the direction of the ship;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view (2) of an aircraft perpendicular to the direction of the ship;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an aircraft at 45 degrees (1) from the ship direction;
FIG. 8 is a 45 degree schematic view (2) of an aircraft and ship direction;
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a bomb in air and water;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of wind aligned with the direction of the aircraft.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting the invention in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
To simplify the problem, the present invention makes the following assumptions:
assume one: the aircraft flight altitude remains unchanged while the bomb is being launched.
Suppose two: the diving depth of the submarine in the water is unchanged.
Assume three: the angle at which the aircraft fires the bomb can be freely adjusted.
Suppose four: the bomb is only influenced by wind speed and direction in the air, and air resistance is not considered.
Assume five: the bomb runs in the sea water without taking into account the friction generated by the sea water.
Meaning of symbol
Angle of alpha-wind and x-axis;
the beta-bomb launching direction is at an angle with the x-axis;
the included angle between the travelling direction of the gamma-ship and the submarine and the y axis is formed;
v 1 -initial velocity of bomb;
v 2 -the speed of the wind;
v 3 -speed of the vessel and submarine;
T 1 -time of the bomb falling in the air;
T 2 total time of the bomb's descent in the air and in the water;
g-gravity acceleration (g=9.8)
m-bomb weight;
v-bomb volume;
ρ 1 -bomb density;
ρ 2 -sea water density;
h-aircraft flight altitude;
h-diving depth of the submarine.
Example 1
The present example assumes a bomber with a flight speed of 200 m/s and a flight height of 1000 m; the bomb has a radius of 0.25 m and a density of 0.8X103 kg/cubic meter; the offshore wind speed is 10 m/s. The target is an approximately rectangular water surface ship of 100 multiplied by 30 meters, and the running speed is 25 knots. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the relation between the accuracy of the aircraft projectile and relevant factors, determining the optimal time of the aircraft projectile according to the conditions that the direction of the aircraft is consistent with the direction of the target movement, opposite, vertical, 45-degree angle and the like aiming at the following three targets to be attacked, and carrying out simulation test on the result of the model.
When the aircraft bombs the ship, the flying speed of the bomb is consistent with the flying speed of the aircraft, a space coordinate system is required to be built to study the flying speed of the bomb by considering the influence of factors such as wind speed, wind direction and the like, the sea level is taken as an xoy plane, the vertical direction of the position of the aircraft in the moment of the bomb is taken as a z axis, and the flying direction of the aircraft is taken as a y axis, so that a space rectangular coordinate system is built, as shown in fig. 1.
Let wind speed v 2 An included angle alpha with the x-axis, and an included angle beta with the x-axis, the velocity component of the bomb after being influenced by wind is v x ,v y With the aircraft flight altitude H fixed, the bomb flight time T1, the curve equation of the bomb trajectory, the position of the bomb landing sea level, i.e., the final explosion point, can be determined. Assume that the initial position of the ship (the position of the ship at the moment of aircraft projectile) is (x) 0 ,y 0 ) Direction v of ship operation 3 And if the included angle with the y axis is gamma, the included angle with the x axis is (90 degrees plus gamma), so that a curve equation of the speed component of the ship on the x axis and the y axis and the time t of the ship as parameters can be obtained. The target can be blasted if and only if the ship running position is the same as the bomb falling on the sea level, and the best time of bomb throwing can be determined by analyzing the operation equation of the bomb and the ship based on the target.
Taking the influence of wind speed, wind direction and other factors into consideration, a space coordinate system is required to be built for research, the sea level is taken as an xoy plane, the vertical direction of the position of the aircraft at the moment of throwing the bomb is taken as a z axis, the aircraft flight direction is taken as a y axis, a space rectangular coordinate system is built, and the velocity components and the motion curve equation of the bomb and the ship are built; the bomb will hit the ship when it coincides with the coordinates (x, y, z) of the ship. By analysis of these correlation equations it is concluded that if and only if the ship is in one of (v) 2 cosα·T 1 +v 3 sinγ·T 1 ,v 2 sinα·T 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 ) With v as the center of circle 1 T 1 The bomb is shot on a fixed circumference with a radius, and the ship can be hit by properly adjusting the bomb shooting angle, so that the best time for bomb throwing is determined.
Listing the velocity component equation of the bomb:
curve equation for bomb motion:
ship speed equation:
curve equation for ship:
from (2) (4), it can be obtained:
in (2) z=0, the time of flight of the bomb in air is obtained
Obviously, the bomb can hit the ship when the coordinates x, y of the bomb and the ship are equal. From (2), it is known that:according to sin beta 2 +cosβ 2 =1, obtainable: (x-v) 2 cosαT 1 ) 2 +(y-v 2 sinαT 1 ) 2 =(v 1 T 1 ) 2 That is, the landing point of the bomb is shown as (v) 2 cosαT 1 ,v 2 sinαT 1 ) As the center of a circle, v 1 T 1 On a circumference of radius, the bond (4) is available:
(x 0 -v 3 sinγ·T 1 -v 2 cosα·T 1 ) 2 +(y 0 -v 2 sinαT 1 +v 3 cosγ·T 1 ) 2 =(v 1 T 1 ) 2
namely:
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 1 +v 2 cosα·T 1 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 )] 2 =(v 1 T 1 ) 2
then when the position of the ship relative to the aircraft (x 0 ,y 0 ) Is of the formula (v) 2 cosα·T 1 +v 3 sinγ·T 1 ,v 2 sinα·T 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 ) For the centre of a circle r=v 1 T 1 In the case of a circle of radius, the ship is struck by appropriately adjusting the angle β, which is defined by the formula:
given.
1) When the direction of the aircraft and the ship are consistent, then γ=0°, as shown in fig. 3:
γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
2) When the direction of the aircraft and the ship is opposite, γ=180°, as shown in fig. 4:
γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
3) When the aircraft is perpendicular to the direction of the ship and the ship runs in the negative x-axis direction, i.e., γ=90°, as shown in fig. 5: γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
4) When the aircraft travels in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the ship travels and the ship travels in the positive x-axis direction, i.e., γ= -90 °, as shown in fig. 6:
γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
5) When the aircraft and the ship are oriented at 45 degrees and the ship travels in the negative x-axis direction, i.e., γ=45°, as shown in fig. 7:
γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
6) When the direction of the aircraft and the ship is reversed by 45 degrees and the ship runs in the positive direction of the x-axis, namely, gamma= -45 degrees, as shown in fig. 8:
γ=0 °, v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substituting (5) to obtain:
1. when the direction of the plane is consistent with that of the wind and the ship runs in the positive direction of the y axis, namely alpha=90°, gamma=0°, x 0 =0 substituting these data into (5) to obtain:
y 0 =(v 1 +v 2 -v 3 )T 1
v1=200, v2=10, v3=46.3,substitution the solution of the above formula: />Namely, when the ship and the airplane are in front of each other, the ship and the airplane are in front of each other>When the bomb is launched, the ship can be hit.
2. When the direction of the plane is consistent with that of the wind and the ship runs in the positive direction of the y axis, the ship can run in the same direction
α=90°,γ=180°,x 0 =0 substituting these data into (5) to obtain:
y 0 =(v 1 +v 2 +v 3 )T 1
3. when the aircraft is consistent with the direction of wind and the ship runs in the positive direction of the y axis, namely alpha= -90 degrees, gamma = 0 degrees, and x0 = 0 degrees, the data generation (5) is obtained:
y 0 =(v 1 -v 2 -v 3 )T 1
4. when the aircraft is consistent with the direction of wind, and the ship runs along the positive direction of the y axis for alpha= -90 degrees, gamma = 180 degrees, and x0=0, substituting the data into (5) to obtain:
y 0 =(v 1 -v 2 +v 3 )T 1
it is evident that the above results are consistent with the common sense of pursuing the problem in our lives, which to some extent explains our model as reasonable.
Example 2
The present example assumes a bomber with a flight speed of 200 m/s and a flight height of 1000 m; the bomb has a radius of 0.25 m and a density of 0.8X103 kg/cubic meter; the offshore wind speed is 10 m/s. The target is an approximately cylindrical submarine with the length of 100 meters and the maximum width of 9 meters, the diving depth is 30 meters, and the running speed is 15 knots. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the relation between the accuracy of the aircraft projectile and relevant factors, determining the optimal time of the aircraft projectile according to the conditions that the direction of the aircraft is consistent with the direction of the target movement, opposite, vertical, 45-degree angle and the like aiming at the following three targets to be attacked, and carrying out simulation test on the result of the model.
The movement of a bomb is known to be divided into two sections, one in the air and one under water. The movement track of the bomb in the air is the same as the first problem, and the focus is on the movement process in water. The motion track of the bomb in the water is influenced by the buoyancy of the seawater, so that the velocity component and curve equation of the bomb in the water and the submarine are obtained. The bomb will hit the submarine when it coincides with the coordinates (x, y, z) of the submarine if and only if the submarine is at (v) 2 cosα·T 2 +v 3 sinγ·T 2 ,v 2 sinα·T 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 ) With v as the center of circle 1 T 2 The method is characterized in that the target is a fixed circumference with a radius, and the submarine can be hit by properly adjusting the bomb launching angle, so that the best time for bomb throwing is determined, and the target can be blasted.
When an aircraft is to bomb an underwater target, the course of movement of the bomb is divided into two sections, one in the air and one under the water. The movement track of the bomb in the air is the same as the first problem, so the movement process in the water is discussed with emphasis, and a space rectangular coordinate system is established for convenience in counting as shown in fig. 2.
Considering that the movement track of the bomb in the water is influenced by the buoyancy of the seawater, the speed component and the curve equation of the bomb in the water and the submarine are easily obtained, and the curve equation of the whole process is obtained by combining the movement track equation of the bomb in the air. After the diving depth of the submarine in the sea water is determined, the explosion point of the bomb in the water can be determined according to the equation of motion of the bomb and the submarine, and then the optimal time for throwing the bomb of the airplane can be determined.
Assuming that the depth of travel of the submarine in the water is unchanged, the generalization from example 1 can be as shown in fig. 9:
the bomb is influenced by downward gravity G=mg and upward buoyancy F during the falling process in water, so that the resultant force F=ma=f-mg can be obtained, and the bomb density is ρ 1 The sea water density is ρ 2 So there is m=ρ 1 V,f=Vρ 2 g, namely:
F=ma=f-mg=(ρ 2 /ρ 1 -1) mg, so that the submarine is solved with the following speed in water:
a=(ρ 2 /ρ 1 -1)g
the velocity components of the bomb in water are:
the equation of the bomb curve in water is:
submarine travel speed component in water:
equation of curve of submarine travel in water:
as in example 1, the submarine is hit when the bomb and the submarine are at the same coordinates (x, y, z). Combining (7) and (9) to form a new equation:
and (3) solving to obtain:
from (7):
according to sin beta 2 +cosβ 2 =1, obtainable:
(x-v 2 cosαT 2 ) 2 +(y-v 2 sinαT 2 ) 2 =(v 1 T 2 ) 2 the combination (9) can be obtained:
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 2 +v 2 cosα·T 2 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 )] 2 =(v 1 T 2 ) 2
i.e. when the submarine is positioned relative to the plane (x 0 ,y 0 ) Is of the formula (v) 2 cosα·T 2 +v 3 sinγ·T 2 ,v 2 sinα·T 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 ) Is the center of a circle v 1 T 2 In the case of a circle with a radius, the submarine is bombed by adjusting beta, so that the target can be hit. And the angle beta is determined by the following formula.
1) When the aircraft is aligned with the direction of the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the positive y-axis direction, then γ=0°.
Y=0 °, v 1 =200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
[(x 0 -145.004cosα) 2 +[y 0 -(145.004sinα-402.8211)] 2 =(2900.08) 2
2) When the aircraft is opposite to the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the negative y-axis direction, then y=180°,
let γ=180°, v 1 =200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
(x 0 -145.004cosα) 2 +[y 0 -(145.004sinα+402.8211)] 2 =(2900.08) 2
3) When the aircraft is opposite to the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the negative x-axis direction, then y=90°,
let γ=90°, v 1 =,200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
[(x 0 -(145.004cosα+402.8211)] 2 +(y 0 -145.004sinα) 2 =(2900.08) 2
4) When the aircraft is opposite to the direction of the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the positive x-axis direction, then γ= -90 °,
y= -90 °, v 1 =200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
[(x 0 -(145.004cosα-402.8211)] 2 +(y 0 -145.004sinα) 2 =(2900.08) 2
5) When the aircraft is oriented at 45 deg. to the direction of the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the negative x-axis direction, then y=45°,
y=45°, v 1 =200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
[(x 0 -(145.004cosα+284.7945)] 2 +[(y 0 -145.004sinα-284.7945)] 2 =(2900.08) 2
6) When the aircraft is oriented at 45 ° to the direction of the submarine and the submarine is traveling in the positive x-axis direction, then γ= -45 °,
y= -45 °, v 1 =200,v 2 =10,v 3 =27.78,T 1 = 14.5004 substituted into (10):
[(x 0 -(145.004cosα-284.7945)] 2 +[(y 0 -145.004sinα+284.7945)] 2 =(2900.08) 2
for example when the wind coincides with the direction of flight of the aircraft and the submarine is travelling in the x-axis direction, i.e.:
α=90°,β=90°,x 0 =2141.7,y 0 when the angle is 2465, the test (10) can be proved to be true, the launched bomb can hit the submarine, and the cosβ is 0.5996 and the sin β is 0.799 are calculated to obtain β is 53.2 degrees, as shown in fig. 10, namely, the launched bomb can hit the submarine at an angle of 90-53.2 degrees with the flight direction of the plane=36.8 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for establishing the model is simple and easy to read and understand; the built models are given by mathematical formulas, so that the method is easy to popularize; the model is combined with practice, and has high practical value.
The word "preferred" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as "preferred" is not necessarily to be construed as advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word "preferred" is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. The term "or" as used in this application is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from the context, "X uses a or B" is intended to naturally include any of the permutations. That is, if X uses A; x is B; or X uses both A and B, then "X uses A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing examples.
Moreover, although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. The present disclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and is limited only by the scope of the following claims. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (e.g., elements, etc.), the terms used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary implementations of the disclosure. Furthermore, while a particular feature of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for a given or particular application. Moreover, to the extent that the terms "includes," has, "" contains, "or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term" comprising.
The functional units in the embodiment of the invention can be integrated in one processing module, or each unit can exist alone physically, or a plurality of or more than one unit can be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product. The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like. The above-mentioned devices or systems may perform the storage methods in the corresponding method embodiments.
In summary, the foregoing embodiment is an implementation of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made by the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent to the substitution manner, and all the changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for calculating an equation of motion curve of an object in the air, comprising the steps of:
for a water surface target, establishing a bomb velocity component equation:
wherein v is 1 For initial velocity of bomb v 2 For the velocity of wind, α is the wind and x-axis angle, β is the bomb firing direction and x-axis angle, v x ,v y ,v z Is bombThe component speeds in the x, y and z axis directions, g is gravity acceleration, and t is time;
curve equation for bomb motion:
h is the aircraft altitude from the sea surface;
target speed equation:
gamma is the included angle between the target advancing direction and the y axis, v 3 A speed that is a target;
curve equation for the target:
x 0 ,y 0 is the initial position of the target;
from the equation of the curve of bomb motion and the equation of the curve of the target:
z=0 in the equation of the curve of bomb motion yields the time of flight of the bomb in air
The following equations are listed:
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 1 +v 2 cosα·T 1 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 )] 2 =(v 1 T 1 ) 2
when the position (x 0, y 0) of the target relative to the aircraft is at (v) 2 cosα·T 1 +v 3 sinγ·T 1 ,v 2 sinα·T 1 -v 3 cosγ·T 1 ) For the centre of a circle r=v 1 T 1 In the case of a circle of radius, the target is struck by adjusting the angle β, which is determined by:
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the velocity component of the bomb in water when the target is at a depth under water is:
wherein ρ is 1 Is the density of the bomb ρ 2 Is the density of seawater;
the equation of the bomb curve in water is:
component of the speed of travel of the target in water:
equation of curve of the target traveling in water:
simultaneous equations constitute new equations:
and (3) solving to obtain:
T 2 is the total movement time of the bomb in the air and water;
[x 0 -(v 3 sinγ·T 2 +v 2 cosα·T 2 )] 2 +[y 0 -(v 2 sinαT 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 )] 2 =(v 1 T 2 ) 2
i.e. when the target is located relative to the aircraft (x 0 ,y 0 ) Is of the formula (v) 2 cosα·T 2 +v 3 sinγ·T 2 ,v 2 sinα·T 2 -v 3 cosγ·T 2 ) Is the center of a circle v 1 T 2 When the target is on a circle with a radius, the target can be hit by adjusting beta to bombard the target; the angle β is determined by the following formula:
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