CN117282232A - Spray cooling system - Google Patents
Spray cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117282232A CN117282232A CN202311579001.1A CN202311579001A CN117282232A CN 117282232 A CN117282232 A CN 117282232A CN 202311579001 A CN202311579001 A CN 202311579001A CN 117282232 A CN117282232 A CN 117282232A
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- spray
- solution
- assembly
- outlet
- preheater
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 314
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nicotinate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C1/02—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C1/08—Arrangements for recovering heat from exhaust steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment and discloses a spray cooling system, which comprises a spray cooling tower, a concentration device and a plurality of spray assemblies, wherein the spray cooling tower is internally provided with a plurality of spray areas which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the flow direction of flue gas, the spray assemblies are in one-to-one correspondence with the spray areas so as to be used for spraying spray solution into the spray areas, the concentration device comprises a preheating assembly and a separation assembly, the preheating assembly is connected with at least one spray assembly in the spray assemblies so as to be used for preheating part of spray solution discharged by the spray assemblies, the separation assembly is used for heating the spray solution and forming concentrated solution and clean steam, and the concentrated solution and the clean steam are used for being introduced into the preheating assembly so as to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly. The spray cooling system can be used for repeatedly utilizing energy generated in the concentration process, so that the waste of the energy is avoided, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas purification, in particular to a spray cooling system.
Background
In the technical field of low-temperature flue gas pollutant integrated removal, in a spray section of a spray tower subzero temperature zone, a calcium chloride solution is generally adopted to directly exchange heat with flue gas, but as the running time is prolonged, the calcium chloride solution can be diluted by water in the flue gas to raise the freezing point of the calcium chloride solution, so that the calcium chloride solution with initial concentration needs to be supplemented or replaced, the consumption of the calcium chloride solution is increased, and the running cost is increased.
In order to avoid the rise of the freezing point of the calcium chloride solution after long-time use, the diluted calcium chloride solution is concentrated in the related art: the diluted calcium chloride solution is directly heated, so that water in the calcium chloride solution forms water vapor and is discharged, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is realized. However, the method of concentrating by heating the solution consumes a large amount of energy, such as electric energy, and wastes a large amount of energy during the concentration process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the invention provides the spray cooling system, which can avoid the waste of energy sources and reduce the production cost by repeatedly and fully utilizing the energy sources generated in the concentration process of spray solution.
The spray cooling system of the present invention comprises:
the spray cooling tower is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a plurality of spray areas which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the flue gas are arranged in the spray cooling tower;
the spraying components are in one-to-one correspondence with the spraying areas, and are used for spraying solution into the spraying areas so as to cool the flue gas which enters the spraying cooling tower from the flue gas inlet and sequentially flows through the spraying areas into low-temperature flue gas below room temperature;
the concentrating device comprises a preheating component and a separating component, wherein the preheating component is connected with at least one spray component in the plurality of spray components and is used for preheating part of spray solution discharged by the at least one spray component,
the separation assembly is provided with a spray solution inlet, a starting steam inlet, a concentrated solution outlet and a clean steam outlet, wherein the spray solution inlet is communicated with the preheating assembly for introducing preheated spray solution, the starting steam inlet is used for introducing raw steam, the raw steam is used for heating the spray solution introduced into the separation assembly so that the heated spray solution forms the concentrated solution and the clean steam, the concentrated solution outlet is communicated with the preheating assembly, so that the concentrated solution is introduced into the preheating assembly through the concentrated solution outlet to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly, and the clean steam outlet is communicated with the preheating assembly so that the clean steam is introduced into the preheating assembly through the clean steam outlet to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly.
The spray cooling system can utilize the concentration device to heat the spray solution and separate the concentrated solution and the clean steam, and respectively utilize the discharged concentrated solution and the clean steam to preheat the spray solution in the preheating component twice, so that the temperature of the spray solution before entering the separation component is increased, the amount of raw steam introduced into the separation component can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Optionally, the separation assembly further comprises a non-condensable gas outlet, the non-condensable gas outlet is communicated with the preheating assembly, and non-condensable gas formed after the spray solution in the separation assembly is heated is introduced into the preheating assembly through the non-condensable gas outlet so as to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly.
The spray cooling system can also separate the non-condensable gas insoluble in water in the spray solution by utilizing the separation component, and the discharged non-condensable gas can also be introduced into the preheating component to preheat the preheating component for the third time, so that the energy utilization is further improved, and the energy waste is avoided.
Optionally, the preheating component comprises a first preheater, a second preheater and a third preheater which are sequentially connected, the first preheater is connected with the at least one spraying component, so that part of spraying solution is introduced into the first preheater from the at least one spraying component, and the concentrated solution outlet, the clean steam outlet and the noncondensable gas outlet are correspondingly connected with the first preheater, the second preheater and the third preheater, so that the spraying solution in the first preheater, the second preheater and the third preheater is heated.
According to the spray cooling system, the separation component heats the spray solution and generates the concentrated solution, the clean steam and the noncondensable gas, the concentrated solution, the clean steam and the noncondensable gas indirectly preheat the spray solution in the first preheater, the second preheater and the third preheater step by step, and the concentrated solution, the clean steam and the noncondensable gas after heat exchange can be respectively collected so as to be used in other equipment while the full utilization of energy is ensured.
Optionally, the first preheater has a first heating inlet, a first solution inlet and a first solution outlet, the first heating inlet being in communication with the concentrated solution outlet, the first solution inlet being in communication with the at least one spray assembly, the first solution outlet being connected to the at least one spray assembly to mix the concentrated solution with spray solution in the at least one spray assembly; the second preheater is provided with a second heating inlet, a second solution inlet and a second solution outlet, the second solution inlet is communicated with the first solution outlet, and the second heating inlet is communicated with the clean steam outlet; the third preheater is provided with a third heating inlet, a third solution inlet and a third solution outlet, wherein the third solution inlet is communicated with the second solution outlet, and the third heating inlet is communicated with the non-condensable gas outlet.
According to the spray cooling system, the concentrated solution is utilized to preheat the spray solution in the first preheater for the first time, the clean steam is utilized to preheat the spray solution in the second preheater for the second time, and the noncondensable gas is utilized to preheat the spray solution in the third preheater for the third time, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be ensured, and the preheating effect is better. That is, in the first preheater, the concentrated solution is used for heat exchange of the spray solution, and the heat exchange source and the heat exchanged source are all liquid, so that the heat transfer capacity is strong, the heat exchange effect is good, and therefore, in the first preheater, the preheating effect of the spray solution is better.
Optionally, the spray cooling system of the present invention further comprises a vapor compressor having a vapor inlet in communication with the net vapor outlet and a vapor outlet in communication with the second heating inlet.
The spray cooling system can drive the steam compressor by utilizing the clean steam discharged from the steam outlet, and can convert the energy in the clean steam into mechanical energy, so that the spray cooling system can be used for other equipment.
Optionally, the separation assembly further has a dosing inlet for introducing a neutralizing agent into the separation assembly to adjust the pH of the spray solution in the separation assembly.
According to the spray cooling system disclosed by the invention, the spray solution after heat exchange in the spray cooling tower can absorb elements such as sulfur and nitrogen in flue gas to enable the spray solution to be acidic, and the water in the spray solution is largely evaporated in the separation assembly to further enhance the acidity of the concentrated solution, so that the spray solution in the separation assembly needs to be added with a medicine to neutralize the pH value of the spray solution, and the concentrated solution is prevented from corroding conveying equipment.
Optionally, the plurality of spraying areas include a spraying area located at the most downstream in the flowing direction of the flue gas, the spraying component corresponding to the most downstream spraying area is the most downstream spraying component, and the preheating component is connected with the most downstream spraying component.
In the spray cooling system, the spray zone positioned at the most downstream can spray and cool the flue gas to below room temperature, so that the temperature of the spray solution discharged by the spray zone is higher than that of the discharged flue gas, and the spray solution can be preheated by utilizing the preheating component for three times, thereby realizing energy recycling and simultaneously ensuring better preheating effect.
Optionally, the first preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the first preheater to 30-34 ℃; the second preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the second preheater to 48-53 ℃; the third preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the third preheater to 55-59 ℃.
According to the spray cooling system, indirect heat exchange between liquid (concentrated solution) and liquid (spray solution) is utilized in the first preheater, so that the temperature of the spray solution can be greatly increased, the heat exchange effect is improved, the spray cooling system is preheated by the second preheater and the third preheater in sequence, step preheating is realized, and energy sources are fully utilized.
Optionally, the volume of the spray solution in the spray assembly is Q, and the volume of the part of the spray solution is Q 1 ，Q 1 =（1%-2%）Q。
In the spray cooling system, the spray solution in the spray cooling tower has larger volume and larger total concentration difficulty, so that (1% -2%) of the spray solution is preferably concentrated, and the concentrated solution after concentration is mixed with the spray solution after spraying to obtain the spray solution with the concentration equivalent to that of the spray solution before spraying, thereby realizing continuous recycling of the spray solution.
Optionally, the concentrated solution in the separation assembly has a volume V and meets 65% V/Q 1 Less than or equal to 75 percent. That is, the spray cooling system of the invention uses the separation assembly to concentrate the extracted spray solution to generate the concentrated solution with 65-75% of the spray solution volume, and mixes the concentrated solution with the spray solution in the spray assembly, so that the concentration of the mixed spray solution is equivalent to that of the spray solution before spraying.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spray cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a concentrating device of a spray cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a spray cooling tower 1; a primary spray zone 11; a secondary spray zone 12; a third stage spray zone 13; a four-stage spray zone 14; a flue gas inlet 15; a flue gas outlet 16;
a spray assembly 2; a primary spray assembly 21; a secondary spray assembly 22; a tertiary spray assembly 23; a four stage spray assembly 24; a spray solution outlet 231; a spray solution inlet 232;
a concentration device 3;
a preheating assembly 31; a first preheater 311; a first heated inlet 3111; a first solution inlet 3112; a first solution outlet 3113; a first heated outlet 3114; a second preheater 312; a second heating inlet 3121; a second solution inlet 3122; a second solution outlet 3123; a third preheater 313; a third heating inlet 3131; a third solution inlet 3132; a third solution outlet 3133;
a separation assembly 32; activating the steam inlet 321; a concentrated solution outlet 322; a clean steam outlet 323; a non-condensable gas outlet 324; a dosing inlet 325;
a vapor compressor 4.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the spray cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a spray cooling tower 1, a concentration device 3 and a plurality of spray assemblies 2.
The spray cooling tower 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 15 and a flue gas outlet 16, and a plurality of spray areas which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the flue gas are arranged in the spray cooling tower 1. The spraying components 2 are in one-to-one correspondence with the spraying areas, and the spraying components 2 are used for spraying solution into the spraying areas so as to cool the flue gas which enters the spraying cooling tower from the flue gas inlet and sequentially flows through the spraying areas into low-temperature flue gas below room temperature. The low-temperature flue gas is supplied to the adsorption tower for low-temperature adsorption, so that near zero emission can be realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the flue gas inlet 15 is located at the bottom of the spray cooling tower 1, and the flue gas outlet 16 is located at the top of the spray cooling tower 1, so that the flue gas passing through the flue gas inlet 15 can flow in a bottom-up direction. A recyclable spray solution is arranged between one spray assembly 2 and the corresponding spray area, namely, the flue gas passes through the spray area, the spray assembly 2 corresponding to the spray area can spray the spray solution into the spray area and directly exchange heat with the flue gas, and the spray solution after heat exchange can flow to the spray assembly 2 from the spray area so as to realize the recycling of the spray solution.
It will be appreciated that depending on the actual use conditions, spray solutions below 0 c are used in the spray assembly 2, for example: the calcium chloride solution is used for reducing the temperature of the flue gas to below 0 ℃ after the spraying solution is introduced into the spraying area. Of course, other solutions that do not coagulate below 0 ℃ may be used as the spray solution. Wherein, spray subassembly 2 includes refrigeration plant (e.g. refrigerator etc.) to utilize refrigeration plant to cool down to the spray solution after the heat transfer, the spray solution after the cooling lets in again and sprays the district and spray the cooling.
Preferably, the flue gas temperature is reduced to-20 ℃ to-5 ℃ by utilizing a plurality of spraying areas.
The inventors found through researches that the lower the flue gas temperature is, the more favorable is for adsorption purification, but the lower the flue gas temperature is, the complicated equipment structure is caused, the energy consumption is increased, for example, an adsorption tower and a pipeline are required to be provided with heat insulation layers, the high sealing performance is required, the cost is increased, in addition, condensed water is easy to appear in the adsorption tower under the condition of the excessively low temperature, the adsorption agent is adhered and blocked, and the adsorption is influenced. Therefore, it is advantageous to cool the flue gas temperature to-20℃to-5 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the concentrating device 3 comprises a preheating component 31 and a separating component 32, the preheating component 31 is connected with at least one spraying component 2 of the spraying components 2, the preheating component 31 is used for preheating part of spraying solution discharged by the at least one spraying component 2, the separating component 32 is provided with a spraying solution inlet, a starting steam inlet 321, a concentrated solution outlet 322 and a clean steam outlet 323, the spraying solution inlet is communicated with the preheating component 31 for introducing preheated spraying solution, the starting steam inlet 321 is used for introducing raw steam, the raw steam is used for heating the spraying solution introduced into the separating component 32 so that the heated spraying solution forms concentrated solution and clean steam, the concentrated solution outlet 322 is communicated with the preheating component 31, so that the concentrated solution is introduced into the preheating component 31 through the concentrated solution outlet 322 to heat the spraying solution in the preheating component 31, and the clean steam outlet 323 is communicated with the preheating component 31 so that the clean steam is introduced into the preheating component 31 through the clean steam outlet 323 to heat the solution in the preheating component 31.
It will be appreciated that the temperature of the flue gas introduced by the flue gas inlet 15 is relatively high (about 100 ℃), and in the process of cooling the flue gas in the cooling tower of the spray tower, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and meanwhile, water vapor in the flue gas is liquefied, so that the spray solution is mixed with the liquefied water vapor after spraying, the spray solution in the spray area is diluted, the freezing point of the spray solution is raised, and condensation is easy to occur. Therefore, the concentration device 3 is used for concentrating the diluted spray solution, and the concentrated spray solution is mixed with the spray solution in the spray assembly 2, so that the concentration of the mixed spray solution can be equivalent to that of the spray solution before heat exchange with the flue gas.
In other words, the spray cooling system of the embodiment of the invention utilizes the concentrating device 3 to heat the spray solution and separate the concentrated solution and the clean steam, and utilizes the discharged concentrated solution and clean steam to preheat the spray solution in the preheating component 31 twice respectively, so that the temperature of the spray solution before entering the separating component 32 is increased, and the amount of the steam introduced into the separating component 32 can be reduced, thereby reducing the production energy consumption.
Preferably, in the spray cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the preheating component 31 adopts an indirect heat exchange manner, so that the mixing of the concentrated solution and the clean steam with the spray solution in the preheating component 31 can be avoided, and the secondary collection of the concentrated solution and the clean steam after heat exchange is facilitated.
Optionally, the separation assembly 32 further includes a non-condensable gas outlet 324, the non-condensable gas outlet 324 is in communication with the preheating assembly 31, and non-condensable gas formed after the spray solution in the separation assembly 32 is heated is introduced into the preheating assembly 31 through the non-condensable gas outlet 324 to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly 31.
It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the separation assembly 32 includes a separator into which the spray solution preheated by the preheating assembly 31 can be introduced, and the spray solution in the separator is heated by the raw steam to evaporate the spray solution and form a concentrated solution, a mixed gas (including clean steam and noncondensable gas). The separation assembly 32 further includes a condenser, that is, the non-condensable gas outlet 324 is required to introduce the gas generated by evaporation into the condenser before the non-condensable gas is discharged, so as to condense the gas into condensed water, wherein a part of the gas is not completely condensed into the condensed water, that is, the non-condensable gas, and the non-condensable gas includes ammonia gas and the like.
That is, the noncondensable gas separated in the condenser still has a certain amount of heat, so that the preheating of the spray solution in the preheating assembly 31 can be realized by passing the noncondensable gas into the preheating assembly 31.
The separator may be a flash tank, and the spray solution is heated to about 90 ℃ by the raw steam and then introduced into the separator, so that the boiling point of the spray solution in the separator is reduced to rapidly boil and gasify, thereby reducing the amount of raw steam used. Of course, the separator can also be a tank body with an inner cavity at standard atmospheric pressure, and then the spray solution needs to be heated to 100 ℃ by using raw steam so as to boil and gasify the spray solution.
Therefore, in the spray cooling system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the separation component 32 can be used for separating the non-condensable gas insoluble in water in the spray solution, and the discharged non-condensable gas can be introduced into the preheating component 31 to preheat the preheating component 31 for the third time, so that the energy utilization is further improved, and the energy waste is avoided.
Optionally, the preheating module 31 includes a first preheater 311, a second preheater 312 and a third preheater 313 connected in sequence, the first preheater 311 is connected to at least one spray module 2 so that part of the spray solution passes from the at least one spray module 2 into the first preheater 311, and a concentrated solution outlet 322, a clean steam outlet 323 and a noncondensable gas outlet 324 are correspondingly connected to the first preheater 311, the second preheater 312 and the third preheater 313 so as to heat the spray solution in the first preheater 311, the second preheater 312 and the third preheater 313.
It is understood that the first preheater 311 may be connected to one spray assembly 2, or the first preheater 311 may be connected to a plurality of spray assemblies 2. Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first preheater 311 is connected to one spray assembly 2. The concentrated solution outlet 322 may be connected to any one of the first preheater 311, the second preheater 312 and the third preheater 313, and the net steam outlet 323 and the noncondensable gas outlet 324 are connected to the other two preheaters, respectively. Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the concentrated solution outlet 322 is connected to the first preheater 311, the clean steam outlet 323 is connected to the second preheater 312, and the noncondensable gas outlet 324 is connected to the third preheater 313.
That is, the separation component 32 of the spray cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention heats the spray solution and generates the concentrated solution, the clean steam and the noncondensable gas, which indirectly preheat the spray solution in the first preheater 311, the second preheater 312 and the third preheater 313 step by step, and also can collect the concentrated solution, the clean steam and the noncondensable gas after heat exchange respectively for use in other devices while ensuring full energy utilization.
Optionally, the first preheater 311 has a first heated inlet 3111, a first solution inlet 3112 and a first solution outlet 3113, the first heated inlet 3111 being in communication with the concentrated solution outlet 322, the first solution inlet 3112 being in communication with the at least one spray assembly 2, the first solution outlet 3113 being connected to the at least one spray assembly 2 for mixing the concentrated solution with the spray solution in the at least one spray assembly 2; the second preheater 312 has a second heating inlet 3121, a second solution inlet 3122 and a second solution outlet 3123, the second solution inlet 3122 being in communication with the first solution outlet 3113, the second heating inlet 3121 being in communication with the clean steam outlet 323; the third preheater 313 has a third heating inlet 3131, a third solution inlet 3132, and a third solution outlet 3133, the third solution inlet 3132 communicating with the second solution outlet 3123, the third heating inlet 3131 communicating with the noncondensable gas outlet 324.
It will be appreciated that the concentrated solution discharged from the concentrated solution outlet 322 can flow into the first preheater 311 through a pipeline and exchange heat with the spray solution in the first preheater 311 to achieve the first preheating; the clean steam is introduced into the second preheater 312 through a pipeline and exchanges heat with the spray solution in the second preheater 312 to realize second preheating; the noncondensable gas is introduced into the third preheater 313 through a pipeline and exchanges heat with the spray solution in the third preheater 313 to realize third preheating.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a spray solution outlet 231 and a spray solution inlet 232 are disposed on the spray assembly 2, and in the circulating direction of the spray solution in the spray assembly 2, the spray solution outlet is located at the upstream of the spray solution inlet, the spray solution outlet is communicated with the first solution inlet 3112, and the first solution outlet 3114 is communicated with the spray solution inlet, so that the concentrated solution after heat exchange in the first preheater 311 is introduced into the spray assembly 2, and thus the mixture of the concentrated solution and the spray solution therein is realized in the spray assembly 2, so as to improve the concentration of the spray solution in the spray assembly 2.
The heat exchange is performed in the first preheater 311, the second preheater 312, and the third preheater 313 by indirect heat exchange.
In other words, in the spray cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the concentrated solution is discharged from the concentrated solution outlet 322 to perform the first preheating of the spray solution in the first preheater 311, the clean steam is used to perform the second preheating of the spray solution in the second preheater 312, and the non-condensable gas is used to perform the third preheating of the spray solution in the third preheater 313, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be ensured, and the preheating effect is better. That is, since the heat exchange source and the heat exchanged source are both liquid, the heat transfer capability is strong and the heat exchange effect is good, and therefore, the preheating effect of the spray solution is better in the first preheater 311.
Preferably, a liquid concentration sensor (not shown) for detecting the concentration of the spray solution upstream of the spray solution outlet 231 and an electronic control valve (not shown) are provided upstream of the spray solution outlet 231, and the liquid concentration sensor is electrically connected to the electronic control valve so as to transmit a control signal to the electronic control valve. That is, the concentration of the spray solution is detected by the liquid sensor, if the concentration of the spray solution does not reach the preset concentration, the electric control valve is in a closed state, and the spray solution is cooled by the refrigeration equipment and then is introduced into the spray area for spray cooling; if the concentration of the spray solution reaches the preset concentration, the electric control valve is opened, the spray solution is concentrated by the concentrating device 3 and then is introduced into the spray assembly 2 to be mixed with the spray solution, and then is introduced into the spray area to be sprayed and cooled after being cooled by the refrigeration equipment.
Optionally, the spray cooling system of the present embodiment further comprises a vapor compressor 4, the vapor compressor 4 having a vapor inlet and a vapor outlet, the vapor inlet being in communication with the clean vapor outlet 323, the vapor outlet being in communication with the second heating inlet 3121.
The spray cooling system of the embodiment of the invention can drive the steam compressor 4 by utilizing the clean steam discharged from the steam outlet, and can convert the energy in the clean steam into mechanical energy, so that the system can be used for other equipment.
Optionally, the separation assembly 32 also has a dosing inlet 325, the dosing inlet 325 being used to introduce a neutralizing agent into the separation assembly 32 to adjust the pH of the spray solution in the separation assembly 32.
The spray solution in the spray cooling tower 1 of the spray cooling system of the embodiment of the invention can absorb sulfur, nitrogen and other elements in the flue gas to make the spray solution acidic, and the water in the spray solution is largely evaporated in the separation assembly 32 to further enhance the acidity of the concentrated solution, so that the spray solution needs to be added with a chemical to neutralize the pH value of the spray solution in the separation assembly 32, and the concentrated solution is prevented from corroding conveying equipment.
Optionally, the plurality of spraying areas includes a spraying area located at the most downstream in the flow direction of the flue gas, the spraying assembly 2 corresponding to the most downstream spraying area is the most downstream spraying assembly 2, and the preheating assembly 31 is connected with the most downstream spraying assembly 2.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the number of spraying areas is four, namely, the first-stage spraying area 11, the second-stage spraying area 12, the third-stage spraying area 13 and the fourth-stage spraying area 14 along the direction from bottom to top, respectively, so that the number of spraying assemblies 2 is four, namely, the first-stage spraying assembly 21, the second-stage spraying assembly 22, the third-stage spraying assembly 23 and the fourth-stage spraying assembly 24, and the preheating assembly 31 is connected with the fourth-stage spraying assembly 24.
It will be appreciated that in the spray cooling tower 1, the temperature of the spray zone at the top is the lowest compared to the temperatures of the other spray zones, so that the temperature of the spray solution used is also the lowest, and when the flue gas needs to be sprayed and cooled to a temperature below 0 ℃, a solution with a higher freezing point needs to be used for condensing the spray solution in a manner such as: 20% strength calcium chloride solution, and the like.
It should be noted that, the first-stage spraying assembly 21, the second-stage spraying assembly 22, the third-stage spraying assembly 23 and the fourth-stage spraying assembly 24 may use a refrigerator to cool the spraying solution discharged from the corresponding spraying area, so as to make the cooled spraying solution flow into the spraying area again to exchange heat with the flue gas, thereby realizing cyclic utilization of the spraying solution.
In the spray cooling system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spray zone positioned at the most downstream can spray and cool the flue gas below room temperature, so that the temperature of the spray solution discharged by the spray zone is higher than that of the discharged flue gas, and the spray solution can be preheated by utilizing the preheating component 31 for three times, thereby realizing energy recycling and simultaneously ensuring a better preheating effect.
Preferably, the first preheater 311 is used to heat the spray solution within the first preheater 311 to 30-34 ℃; the second preheater 312 is used to heat the spray solution in the second preheater 312 to 48-53 ℃; the third preheater 313 is used to heat the spray solution in the third preheater 313 to 55 deg.c-59 deg.c.
It can be understood that, taking the case of spraying and cooling the flue gas to below 0 ℃, because the spraying solution required by the fourth-stage spraying area 14 is lower and is also close to 0 ℃ after heat exchange with the flue gas, when the spraying solution after heat exchange is introduced into the first preheater 311, the concentrated solution is used for heat exchange with the spraying solution, so that the temperature of the spraying solution can be quickly raised.
The spray cooling system of the embodiment of the invention utilizes indirect heat exchange between liquid (concentrated solution) and liquid (spray solution) in the first preheater 311, can greatly raise the temperature of the spray solution, improves the heat exchange effect, and then sequentially preheats the spray cooling system through the second preheater 312 and the third preheater 313, thereby realizing gradient preheating and fully utilizing energy sources.
Optionally, the volume of the spray solution in the spray assembly 2 is Q, and the volume of the partial spray solution is Q 1 ，Q 1 =（1%-2%）Q。
The spray cooling tower 1 in the spray cooling system of the embodiment of the invention has larger spray solution volume and larger total concentration difficulty, so that (1% -2%) of spray solution is preferably concentrated, and the concentrated solution after concentration is mixed with the spray solution after spraying to obtain the spray solution with the concentration equivalent to that of the spray solution before spraying, thereby realizing continuous recycling of the spray solution.
Alternatively, the concentrated solution within separation assembly 32 has a volume V and meets 65% V/Q 1 Less than or equal to 75 percent. That is, the spray cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention uses the separation assembly 32 to concentrate the extracted spray solution, and then generates a concentrated solution with 65% -75% of the spray solution volume, and mixes the concentrated solution with the spray solution in the spray assembly 2, so that the concentration of the mixed spray solution is equal to the concentration of the spray solution before spraying.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spray cooling system, comprising:
the spray cooling tower is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a plurality of spray areas which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the flue gas are arranged in the spray cooling tower;
the spraying components are in one-to-one correspondence with the spraying areas, and are used for spraying solution into the spraying areas so as to cool the flue gas which enters the spraying cooling tower from the flue gas inlet and sequentially flows through the spraying areas into low-temperature flue gas below room temperature;
a concentrating device comprising a preheating assembly and a separating assembly, wherein the preheating assembly is connected with at least one spray assembly in a plurality of spray assemblies and is used for preheating part of spray solution discharged from the at least one spray assembly,
the separation assembly is provided with a spray solution inlet, a starting steam inlet, a concentrated solution outlet and a clean steam outlet, wherein the spray solution inlet is communicated with the preheating assembly for introducing preheated spray solution, the starting steam inlet is used for introducing raw steam, the raw steam is used for heating the spray solution introduced into the separation assembly so that the heated spray solution forms the concentrated solution and the clean steam, the concentrated solution outlet is communicated with the preheating assembly, so that the concentrated solution is introduced into the preheating assembly through the concentrated solution outlet to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly, and the clean steam outlet is communicated with the preheating assembly so that the clean steam is introduced into the preheating assembly through the clean steam outlet to heat the spray solution in the preheating assembly.
2. The spray cooling system of claim 1, wherein the separation assembly further comprises a non-condensable gas outlet in communication with the pre-heating assembly, wherein non-condensable gas formed after heating the spray solution in the separation assembly is introduced into the pre-heating assembly through the non-condensable gas outlet to heat the spray solution in the pre-heating assembly.
3. The spray cooling system of claim 2 wherein the pre-heat assembly comprises a first pre-heater, a second pre-heater, and a third pre-heater connected in sequence, the first pre-heater being connected to the at least one spray assembly such that the portion of spray solution passes from the at least one spray assembly into the first pre-heater,
the concentrated solution outlet, the clean steam outlet and the noncondensable gas outlet are correspondingly connected with the first preheater, the second preheater and the third preheater so as to heat spray solutions in the first preheater, the second preheater and the third preheater.
4. The spray cooling system of claim 3 wherein the first preheater has a first heating inlet, a first solution inlet and a first solution outlet, the first heating inlet in communication with the concentrated solution outlet, the first solution inlet in communication with the at least one spray assembly, the first solution outlet in communication with the at least one spray assembly to mix the concentrated solution with spray solution in the at least one spray assembly;
the second preheater is provided with a second heating inlet, a second solution inlet and a second solution outlet, the second solution inlet is communicated with the first solution outlet, and the second heating inlet is communicated with the clean steam outlet;
the third preheater is provided with a third heating inlet, a third solution inlet and a third solution outlet, wherein the third solution inlet is communicated with the second solution outlet, and the third heating inlet is communicated with the non-condensable gas outlet.
5. The spray cooling system of claim 4 further comprising a vapor compressor having a vapor inlet in communication with the net vapor outlet and a vapor outlet in communication with the second heating inlet.
6. The spray cooling system of claim 5 wherein the separation assembly further has a dosing inlet for introducing a neutralizing agent into the separation assembly to adjust the pH of the spray solution in the separation assembly.
7. The spray cooling system of any one of claims 3-6 wherein the plurality of spray zones includes a spray zone located furthest downstream in the direction of flow of the flue gas, the spray assembly corresponding to the furthest downstream spray zone being a furthest downstream spray assembly, the preheat assembly being connected to the furthest downstream spray assembly.
8. The spray cooling system of claim 7, wherein,
the first preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the first preheater to 30-34 ℃;
the second preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the second preheater to 48-53 ℃;
the third preheater is used for heating the spray solution in the third preheater to 55-59 ℃.
9. The spray cooling system of any one of claims 1-6 wherein the spray assembly has a spray solution volume Q and the portion of the spray solution has a volume Q 1 ，Q 1 =（1%-2%）Q。
10. The spray cooling system of claim 9 wherein the concentrated solution within the separation assembly has a volume V and meets 65% +.ltoreq.v/Q 1 ≤75%。
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| CN202311579001.1A CN117282232A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Spray cooling system |
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| CN202311579001.1A CN117282232A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Spray cooling system |
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Application publication date: 20231226 |