CN117189772B - Double-pendulum ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system - Google Patents
Double-pendulum ball joint and service life real-time evaluation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-swing ball joint and a real-time service life evaluation system, and relates to the technical field of automobile parts. The double-swinging ball joint comprises a ball seat and a ball head body, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball seat, the ball head body can be accommodated in the cavity, the ball head body can swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of a ball of the ball head body as the center, the ball seat is connected with a connecting rod, the ball head body is connected with a connecting column, a through hole is formed in the ball head body, and lubricating grease is filled in the through hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts, in particular to a double-swing ball joint and a service life real-time evaluation system which can be applied to automobiles such as new energy and the like.
Background
Metal fatigue refers to a phenomenon in which a metal material is broken under the action of alternating stress. After a period of time, the mechanical part forms micro cracks in the local high stress area under the action of alternating pressure, and the micro cracks gradually expand to fracture. Fatigue damage has the characteristics of temporal burst, locality in position, sensitivity to environment and defects and the like, so the fatigue damage is not easy to be found in time and is easy to cause accidents. Stress amplitude, average stress magnitude, and cycle number are three major factors affecting metal fatigue.
The addition of various vitamins to metal materials is an effective way to strengthen the fatigue resistance of metals. For example, rare earth elements of parts per million or parts per thousand are added to steel and nonferrous metals, so that the fatigue resistance of the metals can be greatly improved, and the service life can be prolonged. With the development of scientific technology, new technology of metal immunotherapy is developed, and the fatigue strength of metal is enhanced by a method introduced in advance so as to resist fatigue damage. In addition, weak links on the metal component should be reduced as much as possible, and the surface finish can be increased by using a plurality of auxiliary processes so as to avoid corrosion. Vibration-proof measures are taken for the mechanical equipment generating vibration to reduce the possibility of metal fatigue. The detection of the internal structure of the metal is also advantageous for preventing metal fatigue when necessary.
Many moving parts such as ball joints or connecting rods in a vehicle chassis structure play roles in connection, bearing, control and the like, and actions such as stretching, swinging or rotation can occur in the running process of the vehicle, and due to the difference and complexity of the running environment and the running road conditions of the vehicle, unpredictable pits or slopes are encountered in different use environments such as the temperature is as low as-40 ℃, or the vehicle runs at high speed, or the vehicle runs at the limit of non-paved road (off-road) for a long time, or the vehicle is applied to the running vehicle (such as a taxi) for a long time, and after certain accumulation for a long time, the ball joints or the connecting rods in the vehicle chassis structure are extremely easy to generate phenomena such as cracks, metal fatigue and even fracture, so that the running safety is seriously influenced.
Even if the ball head or the connecting rod is subjected to high-order modern treatment, the manufacturer cannot completely limit the use environment and the use mode of the vehicle by the user, so that the risk is high, and when the vehicle has similar faults, a plurality of users are easily identified as the quality problem of the vehicle.
At present, new energy automobiles are increasingly popularized, the quantity of the new energy automobiles exported to foreign countries is greatly increased, compared with the traditional automobiles, the new energy automobiles are large in self weight, rapid in acceleration, complex in structure and high in integration, ball joints or connecting rods in the chassis structure of the new energy automobiles are larger in bearing force than the traditional automobiles, and impact force during use is stronger, so that the new energy automobiles have an extremely important effect on real-time evaluation of service life, the service condition or service life condition of current components can be judged through the service life evaluation system, and prompt of maintenance or replacement in advance is realized under the support of locomotive systems, so that the running safety of the whole automobile is ensured;
The value of the ball or the connecting rod is not particularly high, but the damage of the ball or the connecting rod can lead to the vehicle to be out of control and possibly generate serious injury, so that the ball or the connecting rod has positive significance in maintenance or replacement before the service life is predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-swing ball joint and a real-time service life evaluation system, which can reduce the movement limitation of a ball joint, improve the working adaptability of the ball joint and evaluate the service life of the ball joint in a movement recording mode.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The double-swinging ball joint comprises a ball seat and a ball head body, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball seat, the ball head body can be accommodated in the cavity, the ball head body can swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of a ball of the ball head body as the center, the ball seat is connected with a connecting rod, the ball head body is connected with a connecting column, a through hole is formed in the ball head body, and lubricating grease is filled in the through hole.
Further, the ball head body is embedded and provided with a permanent magnet, the ball head seat is provided with at least three Hall sensors, wherein the first Hall sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the straight line of the permanent magnet, the second Hall sensor and the third Hall sensor are arranged at the position above the permanent magnet, the height corresponds to the maximum rotation angle position in the vertical direction of the ball head joint, and the three Hall sensors are all arranged towards the ball center direction of the ball head body.
Further, a wear-resistant part is arranged between the ball head seat and the ball head body, and the wear-resistant part is made of POM (polyoxymethylene resin) material.
Furthermore, the wear-resistant part is divided into an upper part and a lower part, which are combined in the direction of the central line, and the ball head body is coated and attached in the ball head body.
Further, the number of the through holes is two, namely an X shaft hole and a Y shaft hole, the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole are horizontally opposite to each other and are vertically arranged, and the plane of the central line of the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole is positioned below the circle center of the ball head body.
Further, the side line of the cross section of the through hole is of an arc structure.
Real-time evaluation system of life of double pendulum ball joint includes:
the acquisition module is used for arranging the ball joint at a position where the ball joint is located on the vehicle chassis, acquiring a horizontal rotation angle signal of the ball body through the second Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor, and acquiring a vertical rotation angle signal by combining the first Hall sensor;
The processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
The accumulation module is used for receiving the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight.
Further, the accumulation module increases the weight of the ambient temperature when the accumulated usage value is obtained.
Further, when the processing module and the accumulating module obtain the accumulated use value, the processing module processes the sequence by taking the ambient temperature value as a first judging factor, the horizontal rotation angle value as a second judging factor, the movement frequency value as a third judging factor, the vertical rotation angle value as a fourth judging factor and the fluctuation acceleration value as a fifth judging factor.
Further, during processing operation, the processing module determines the magnetic change condition of the current permanent magnet according to the real-time angle value, and corrects and acquires the angle change value, the change acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the current ball head body to the ball head seat according to the numerical value after the magnetic change.
Adopt this scheme, compare prior art, have following benefit:
according to the double-swing ball joint, the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole are arranged on the ball joint body, so that the contact area and the rotating resistance of the ball joint body at the corresponding position of the vertical surface of the X shaft and the corresponding position of the vertical surface of the Y shaft can be reduced, and the rotating flexibility of the ball joint is improved;
the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole are arranged on the ball head body, so that lubricating grease in the ball head can be accommodated in the ball head body, the outer wall of the ball head can be more comprehensively attached to the ball head body or the wear-resistant part, the lubricating efficiency and the lubricating coating range of the ball head body are improved, the service life of the ball head body can be prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced;
According to the double-pendulum ball joint, the permanent magnet and the three Hall sensors are arranged in the ball joint, and firstly, the permanent magnet and the Hall sensors are of micro structures, so that the original structure and the use function of the ball joint are not influenced, meanwhile, rotation angle data are acquired between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensors through induction of a magnetic field, a mechanical connection structure is not arranged, and the original structure and the use function of the ball joint are not influenced;
The accuracy of the real-time angle value is greatly improved and the measurement accuracy is improved through the structural arrangement of the three Hall sensors; meanwhile, the Hall sensors are adopted for verification, for example, after the permanent magnet is used for a certain time, the magnetism is lowered to a certain extent, and the initial values of the Hall sensors are compared, so that the accurate real-time angle value can be obtained after the permanent magnet is attenuated to a certain extent, and the maintenance cost of the ball head is reduced;
According to the real-time evaluation system for the service life of the double-pendulum ball joint, the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball joint seat are recorded and analyzed, corresponding comparison is carried out on data of the ball joint in a fatigue simulation test, corresponding references of the stress amplitude, the average stress size and the cycle number of the ball joint at a selected position are selected, and the accumulated use value is obtained;
In summary, the scheme evaluation system adopts a locomotive main body system with low cost and small structure and utilizes the current increasing and increasing strong, realizes the evaluation and prediction of the service life and the current situation of the ball head and the connecting rod, provides maintenance and replacement references, can greatly improve the rationality, standardization and convenience of vehicle maintenance, can predict and prevent the serious maintenance conditions of the vehicle due to the damage and fracture of the ball head or the connecting rod, and is particularly suitable for the application of the current great popularization of new energy automobiles and export new energy automobiles, and has excellent significance and use popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a ball joint according to a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the ball joint according to the preferred embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the ball joint structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the ball body.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a permanent magnet and a hall sensor.
Fig. 6 is a graph of voltage versus angle feedback for horizontal angles.
Fig. 7 is a first hall sensor feedback graph.
Fig. 8 is a real-time feedback graph of vertical angle.
FIG. 9 is a time axis reference view of a horizontal angular rotation of a vehicle running ball joint.
FIG. 10 is a time axis reference view of a vertical angular rotation of a vehicle running ball joint.
Fig. 11 is a value reference diagram of the vehicle operation time axis.
Fig. 12 is a graph comparing curves of the second hall sensor and the third hall sensor after the permanent magnets are attenuated.
Detailed Description
As is well known, vehicle usage varies considerably, and conventional vehicle maintenance is typically performed at intervals of time (e.g., twelve months) or mileage (e.g., ten thousand kilometers), which has significant drawbacks; the utility model provides a vehicle long-time travel on the fine smooth road surface of road conditions and long-time travel on abominable non-pavement road surface, the damage that leads to the fact to the suspension system of vehicle, especially bulb and connecting rod structure is the sky difference, the first purpose of this scheme is to provide a double pendulum to bulb joint and life real-time evaluation system, one is through improvement bulb joint, make it more nimble controllable, and evaluation system then is used for real-time evaluation bulb or connecting rod's life, thereby can realize the evaluation of bulb or connecting rod life under complicated and different environment, and then can maintain and change to bulb and connecting rod and prompt and consult, the serious injury condition that causes because of its damage is prevented.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a double-swing ball joint may be applied to a steering tie rod assembly of a vehicle, and a conventional ball joint may rotate back and forth along a tie rod due to inertia in use. The ball head comprises a ball head seat 1 and a ball head body 2, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball head seat 1, the ball head body 2 can be accommodated in the cavity, the ball head body 2 can swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of the ball head body as the center, the ball head seat 1 is connected with a connecting rod 11, a connecting column 21 is connected to the ball head body 2, through holes are formed in the ball head body 2 and are respectively an X shaft hole 22 and a Y shaft hole 23, the X shaft hole 22 and the Y shaft hole 23 are horizontally and vertically arranged, the center part of the X shaft hole 22 and the Y shaft hole 23 penetrate through and form a four-hole structure communicated with each other, the plane of the center lines of the X shaft hole 22 and the Y shaft hole 23 is positioned below the center of the ball head body, the outer hole can be prevented from being exposed when the ball head body 2 rotates at a large angle, lubricating grease is filled in the X shaft hole 22 and the Y shaft hole 23, the lubricating function is achieved, maintenance-free long-term use function is realized, the side lines of the sections of the X shaft hole 22 and the Y shaft hole 23 are of a circular arc structure, namely, the diameter of the outer hole is small, the diameter of the center part can be increased, the size of the outer hole can be increased, the friction surface can be reduced, the transfer precision of the inner joint structure can be improved, and the joint motion precision can be realized, and the joint precision can be improved.
In order to enable the ball joint to be less in abrasion and smoother in running and improve the service life, an abrasion-resistant part is arranged between the ball seat 1 and the ball head body 2, a main body of the abrasion-resistant part can be made of an abrasion-resistant material of POM (polyoxymethylene resin), and in actual arrangement, the abrasion-resistant part is a hemispherical structure of an upper part 12 and a lower part 13, and the abrasion-resistant part and the hemispherical structure are combined in the direction of a central line, so that the ball head body 2 can be coated and attached inside the ball seat when being installed, a comprehensive and accurate attaching arrangement state is realized, a cavity of the ball seat 1 is combined into a totally-enclosed sealing structure through a cover plate 14 at the bottom, a rubber sleeve 15 is arranged at the top of the ball seat 1, the functions of isolating and sealing are achieved, and invasion of water or dust and soil is prevented.
The ball head body 2 is provided with a concave hole at a horizontal position and opposite to one side of the center of the connecting rod 11, the permanent magnet 3 is just placed in the concave hole, and the permanent magnet 3 is firmly installed, in order to improve magnetic flux, the permanent magnet 3 can be made of Ru-Fe-B materials, the outer surface of the permanent magnet 3 is just flush with the outer surface of the ball head body 2, or the outer end of the permanent magnet 3 is close to but not beyond the outer surface of the ball head body 2, so that the rotation of the ball head body 2 cannot be interfered, in an initial state, the permanent magnet 3 adopts a horizontal arrangement mode, and the connecting line of the S pole and the N pole center point of the permanent magnet 3 passes through the ball center of the ball head body 2.
At the inner wall of the ball seat 1 or the wear-resistant portion 13 (specifically depending on the thickness of the wear-resistant portion 13, if the wear-resistant portion 13 is as thin as less than 2mm, it may be disposed directly at the inner wall of the ball seat 1, and the wear-resistant portion 13 is a POM material that does not affect the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 3, for simplicity of explanation, the permanent magnet 3 is disposed at the inner wall of the ball seat below as an example), the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32, and the third hall sensor 33, respectively;
More specifically, the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 are all arranged to be directed in the direction of the center of the ball head body 2, and the distances between the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 and the center of the ball head body 2 are equal, and in order to improve the sensitivity, the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 are all arranged to be close to the outer wall of the ball head body 2, but gaps are left between the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 and the ball head body 2, so that the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 are not contacted or rubbed;
In the initial state, the first hall sensor 31 is arranged at a position corresponding to the center line of the permanent magnet 3, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 are arranged above the first hall sensor 31 at equal heights, the heights correspond to the maximum rotation angle position in the vertical direction of the ball joint, and the three hall sensors are all arranged towards the direction of the center of the ball joint body.
The included angles between the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 and the center of the ball head body 2 are matched with the maximum rotation angle direction of the ball head joint, although the maximum rotation angles of different ball head joints are different to a certain extent, the maximum rotation angle is shown as +/-30 degrees in the embodiment; in the actual design, it is possible to design the permanent magnet 31 to correspond exactly straight to the first hall sensor 31 in the initial state (the vehicle is stationary on a flat road surface and under the load of the servicing mass) and to be in a horizontally arranged state.
In this solution, by arranging the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 to mainly obtain the horizontal rotation angle of the ball head body 2, and then obtaining the vertical rotation angle of the ball head body 2 through the first hall sensor 31, for example, the ball head structure corresponding to the steering link, the horizontal rotation angle may be regarded as corresponding to the steering angle of the vehicle, and the vertical rotation angle may be regarded as corresponding to the height of the vehicle.
In order to better measure the relative horizontal and vertical rotation angles between the ball head body 2 and the ball head seat 1, the center point of the first hall sensor 31 is located on the rotation plane of the connecting rod 11, and the second and third hall sensors 32 and 33 are arranged vertically to the connection line direction and just at the positions on both sides of the ball head body 2. Therefore, by means of the three-point layout, the calculation amount can be simplified, and meanwhile, the whole data is ensured to be more real and controllable.
Hall sensors mainly use the hall effect, which is essentially a deflection of moving charged particles in a magnetic field caused by lorentz forces. When charged particles (electrons or holes) are confined in a solid material, this deflection causes a build-up of positive and negative charges in the direction of the vertical current and magnetic field, thus creating an additional transverse electric field. Under the action of lorentz force, the electron flow is shifted to one side when passing through the hall semiconductor, so that the sheet generates a potential difference in the lateral direction, which is a so-called hall voltage. The hall voltage changes along with the change of the magnetic field intensity, the stronger the magnetic field, the higher the voltage, the weaker the magnetic field, the lower the voltage, the smaller the hall voltage value, usually only a few millivolts, but the voltage can be amplified to be enough to output stronger signals through the amplifier in the integrated circuit, if the hall integrated circuit is used for sensing, the magnetic induction intensity needs to be changed by a mechanical method.
The invention also provides a real-time service life evaluation system of a double-swing ball joint, which comprises:
the acquisition module is used for arranging the ball joint at a position where the ball joint is arranged on the vehicle chassis, acquiring a horizontal rotation angle signal of the ball body through the second Hall sensor 32 and the third Hall sensor 33, and acquiring a vertical rotation angle signal by combining the first Hall sensor 31;
The processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
The accumulation module is used for receiving the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module, increasing the weight of the ambient temperature and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight.
Firstly, for the ball joint and the connecting rod of the type, the composite fatigue test operation is required to be carried out, namely, under the condition that the ball joint and the connecting rod are in the same installation mode, the simulation acceleration test is carried out, specifically, the load operation with different frequencies can be applied in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, after a specific number value is passed, the ball joint and the connecting rod are subjected to deformation or ultrasonic crack and other inspections, and after the use risk of the ball joint and the connecting rod is determined, the current simulation test value is recorded in a mode of multiple times of the test.
With respect to how to acquire the horizontal rotation angle value, referring to the voltage-angle feedback graph of the horizontal angle in fig. 6, it can be known that, through the feedback voltage value graphs of the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33, two real-time feedback voltages V2 and V3 of the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 can be acquired at any point on the surface of the ball body 2, so that the rotation angle at A1 (41 °) can be determined through a preset feedback curve table, meanwhile, since the ball body 2 always swings or rotates with the connecting post 21 as the center line, the actual swing range is always within the ±30 range, the feedback voltage of the ball body is always within the V0-V1 range, and the feedback curves of the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 within the range are always in a steeper form, so that the accuracy of the identification of the feedback voltage can be improved, and the sensitivity and accuracy of the horizontal rotation angle signal can be improved.
With respect to how to obtain the vertical rotation angle value, referring to fig. 7 and 8, according to the arrangement structure of the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 on the ball joint and the feedback characteristics of the hall sensors, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 exist in a manner similar to parabolas, on the angle axis, the fixed points of the two parabolas are at the positions of-90 ° and +90°, while the first hall sensor 31 is at the position of 0 °, the feedback voltage is represented in a form similar to a concentric circle (with gradually increased radius), and the voltage feedback curve from C0 to C6 to C9 is expressed in fig. 7, which represents that the feedback voltage group gradually decreases with the permanent magnet 3 at different distances from the first hall sensor 31, whereas, according to the feedback voltage of the first hall sensor 31, and according to the preset angle (distance) relation between the first hall sensor 31 and the permanent magnet 3 can be reversely deduced;
In order to improve the calculation efficiency and simplify the calculation amount, taking fig. 8 as an example, a brief calculation expression is performed, when the ball head body 2 (the permanent magnet 3) rotates by a certain angle (including rotation in the horizontal and vertical directions), the feedback voltage of the first hall sensor is P7, the feedback voltage of the second hall sensor 32 is V3, the feedback voltage of the third hall sensor 33 is V2, so that it is determined that A1 is the horizontal rotation angle of the ball head body 2, the C0-a line is connected, the extension line of the C0-a line is extended to C7, the C7 point is crossed to a vertical line of 0 ° and the C point is determined, so that the positional relationship of the C point on the vertical line of 0 ° is determined, and the value of the rotation angle in the vertical direction is determined.
The proposal researches that the movement condition of the ball joint is determined by analyzing the horizontal rotation angle value and the vertical rotation angle value of the ball joint, and the service life of the ball joint and the connecting rod is evaluated according to the movement condition, particularly the service life influence of extreme use on the ball joint and the connecting rod
Therefore, according to the scale on the angle axis A1, the corresponding real-time horizontal rotation angle value can be obtained through comparison calculation, the angle value is arranged in the time axis coordinate, and the time axis reference diagram of the horizontal angle rotation of the vehicle running ball joint shown in fig. 9 can be obtained. In fig. 9, the curve may represent the magnitude of the rotation direction, wherein the rotation direction angle of the vehicle is smaller in the range outside the t3-t4 interval, and the rotation direction angle of the vehicle is larger in the t3-t4 interval, so that the damage to the ball joint and the connecting rod is greatly increased if the vehicle is impacted in the t3-t4 interval.
Therefore, according to the position relation of the point C at the vertical line of 0 DEG, namely the corresponding real-time vertical rotation angle value can be obtained through comparison calculation, the angle value is arranged in a time axis coordinate, and a time axis reference diagram of the vertical angle rotation of the vehicle running ball joint shown in FIG. 10 can be obtained;
It can be simply understood that the vehicle is running on a poor road condition, the larger the vertical swing amplitude (the larger the stress) of the ball head is, and the larger the speed of the vehicle is correspondingly (the larger the stress is) in a specific frequency interval (known by the compound fatigue test operation) under the condition that the frequency is larger, and the service life of the vehicle is analyzed by checking the wearing condition of the ball head joint and the connecting rod through the environment temperature (the low temperature in most cases) during the compound fatigue test operation, and the accumulated use value is finally determined through the visual parameters.
The core of the scheme is to analyze the time axis reference diagram, and the accumulated usage value main body is obtained by reading the two time axis reference diagrams.
Now, taking a typical time axis reference diagram (fig. 11) as an example, from the time axis direction, the time axis reference diagram is divided into a first section, a second section, a third section and a fourth section in turn, wherein the first section curve is gentle, and can be regarded as a smooth road surface such as an urban smooth road surface or a highway driving state; the second interval and the fourth interval curves have relatively large fluctuation and can be regarded as a rural road or a slight off-road running state; and in the third section, the curve becomes extremely steep and tight, which can be regarded as being in an extreme road or high-speed heavy off-road running state.
Obviously, the different driving states have great difference on the service life of the ball joint and the connecting rod of the vehicle, according to the result of the compound fatigue test operation, the influence on the service life of the ball joint and the connecting rod is almost negligible in the driving state of the first section, the influence on the service life of the fourth section is multiplied in the second section or the fourth section according to the situation, and meanwhile, the rotation direction angle condition in the section with reference to t3-t4 is also overlapped.
Regarding environmental temperature factors, since the vehicle may be used in various complex environmental temperatures, the environmental temperature value can be obtained by the system by reading information of the sensing vehicle, in general, when the air temperature is lower than-20 ℃, the brittleness of metal will be increased, and the efficiency and the service life of the lubrication system and the rubber parts are greatly reduced, so that a parameter for accelerating damage, for example, 4 times, can be set in the environment, and when the air temperature is between-20 ℃ and-10 ℃ and the air temperature is above 40 ℃, the efficiency and the service life of the lubrication system and the rubber parts are also affected, so that the parameter can be set to 2 times, and if the specific value is required to be strict, the specific value can be obtained through a compound fatigue test operation or a computer simulation test; in order to simplify the description, the above two parameters are described, and meanwhile, the environmental temperature factor needs to be described, and since the acquisition is simple, the calculation is convenient because the environmental temperature factor does not change greatly in a short time, and the environmental temperature factor is used as the first judgment factor.
Regarding the horizontal rotation angle value, most vehicles are in a linear motion or slight rotation state, but large-angle turning, large-angle off-road escaping or high-speed large-direction can generate serious impact on the ball joint and the connecting rod, so that the parameters can be set to be 3 times in the interval t3-t 4.
Regarding the motion frequency factor, firstly, the frequency of the up-and-down motion of the ball joint and the connecting rod is the direct expression of road condition feedback, the worse the continuous road condition is, the higher the motion frequency value is, the durability of the metal and rubber parts is rapidly reduced, and the feedback when the frequency value reaches a certain value can be obtained through the compound fatigue test operation, so that the parameters can be set to be 5 times like the motion of the third section (the frequency value is more than about 3 HZ).
Regarding the factor of the angle variation value, the angle variation value is the direct feedback of the stroke height of the ball joint (and the wheels), and is also the direct feedback of road conditions, obviously, the stress condition of the feedback difference of different stroke heights is different, for simplifying the description, the stroke height is divided into five sections, wherein, three sections are arranged in the upper section, two sections are arranged in the lower section, most of the conditions are usually carried in the upper section when the vehicle runs, the upper section is carried at the same time, the damping spring is in a compressed state, so the stress of the damping spring is in a larger range, the lower space is usually in a rebound state of the damping spring, the stress of the damping spring is relatively smaller, the multiple of the difference can be set for different sections, in the scheme, the upper section and the lower section are not counted for accumulating the use value, the upper section and the lower section are set to be 1 time, and the upper section is set to be 3 times the value.
Regarding the fluctuation acceleration value factor, the fluctuation acceleration value represents the moment impact force, such as the situation that a flat road surface suddenly enters a pit, a wheel collides with a stone or the like, or the situation that the vehicle suddenly brakes, etc., the time axis reference diagram represents extremely steep ascending curves, and the curve positions of the sections A11, A12 and A13 in FIG. 11 represent the extreme stress situation of the vehicle, so the quantity of the fluctuation acceleration value factor can be judged according to the steep (curvature) situation of the curve, and the quantity can be set as 10 times of parameters.
In actual operation, when the processing module and the accumulating module acquire accumulated use values, the processing module and the accumulating module process the sequence with the ambient temperature value as a first judging factor, the horizontal rotation angle value as a second judging factor, the movement frequency value as a third judging factor, the vertical rotation angle value as a fourth judging factor and the fluctuation acceleration value as a fifth judging factor. Therefore, the method is reasonable, the calculation flow can be simplified, and the calculation efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 11, a calculation mode of the accumulated use value is specifically described, the time axis reference graph in the present period is subjected to uniform interval segmentation processing, the segmentation can reduce the calculated amount, the calculation of the motion frequency value between the wave crest and the wave trough is convenient, and the segmentation time can be 3-10 seconds;
Firstly, determining an environmental temperature factor, taking the temperature of-20 ℃ to-10 ℃ as an example, and setting 2 times of parameters;
Determining a horizontal rotation angle value factor corresponding interval of a time interval t3-t4, and setting a 3-time parameter;
Determining the motion of a time interval t1-t2 as a motion frequency value factor corresponding interval, and setting a 5-time parameter;
Determining the number of wave peaks and wave troughs of the upper two sections and the lower two sections (7 points from P1-P7), wherein the 7 points are 1 times of parameters, determining the number of wave peaks of the upper three sections (7 points from P8-P14), wherein the 7 points are 3 times of parameters, and meanwhile, P10, P11, P12 and P13 are also 3 times of horizontal rotation angle values;
the varying acceleration value was determined to be 3 segments, which are 10 times the parameter.
The final calculations for these 18 points (P1-P7, P8-P14, A11-A13) are expressed as:
(-) -A/D1+1+10+5+3+3+5+1+3+3+3+3+3+1+3+1+1+3+5+10+3+3+3+3+3+3+3+5+3+3+3+5+1+3+5+10+3+3+5+3+5+1+1+1+3+5+1+1; x2 = 1316, so the accumulated use value in the current period is 1316;
The accumulation module continuously accumulates the current use value, sends the continuous multiple groups of current use values to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicle, compares the set warning use values, and sends warning information to a locomotive system when the accumulated use value is greater than or equal to the warning use value. The vehicle can be used as a user or a maintenance unit of the vehicle by entering the vehicle to realize the prompting or reminding function, and the accumulated use value can be read through a vehicle obd (international standard automobile communication) interface or a locomotive system to determine the use condition of the ball joint and the connecting rod and determine whether maintenance or replacement operation is needed.
In some cases, for example, after the permanent magnet 3 is used for a long time, or is interfered by an external magnetic field or is influenced by environment, the magnetism of the permanent magnet 3 is generally reduced, if the magnetism of the permanent magnet 3 is reduced, the feedback voltage of the hall sensor is reduced, and if only one hall sensor is used for carrying out measurement operation, the calculated range of the height value or the angle value of the wheel is smaller than the actual range, and the measurement accuracy is greatly reduced;
The configuration structure of the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33 can correct the attenuation error of the permanent magnet 3, namely, when the processing module calculates the real-time angle of the ball head, the magnetic variation condition of the current permanent magnet 3 can be determined according to the real-time angle values of the first hall sensor 31, the second hall sensor 32 and the third hall sensor 33, and the accuracy of the measurement result can be ensured by a correction mode;
Specifically, in fig. 12, since the permanent magnet 3 is magnetically attenuated, the feedback curve is compressed downward, if the ball rotation angle is actually at the A4 position, the third hall sensor 31 is fed back to be the voltage value of V7, and the second hall sensor 32 is fed back to be the voltage value of V8, but in the processing module, the voltage value of V7 is calculated to obtain the angle value of A5, and the voltage value of V8 is calculated to obtain the angle value of A6, that is, the calculated result deviates, at this time, the processing module should correct the value of V7 to V7 'and correct the value of V8 to V8' according to the original attenuation curve ratio data, so that the accurate A4 ball rotation angle value can still be calculated, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy, and finally, the rotation angle of the ball body can be fed back, and the rotation angle value can be accurately and stably obtained for a long time.
The double-swing ball joint and the real-time service life evaluation system can conveniently rotate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by improving the ball, reduce the movement resistance of the ball joint and realize long-term maintenance-free use; the real-time service life evaluation system of the double-pendulum ball joint can evaluate the service life of the ball connecting rod in complex and different environments, further can prompt and reference maintenance and replacement of the ball connecting rod, and can prevent serious injury caused by damage of the ball connecting rod, so that the real-time service life evaluation system has very positive and beneficial significance.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a real-time evaluation system of life to bulb joint is put to two, its characterized in that:
the ball joint includes:
the ball head comprises a ball head seat and a ball head body, wherein a cavity is formed in the ball head seat, the ball head seat can accommodate the ball head body and enable the ball head body to swing or rotate at multiple angles by taking the center of the ball head body as the center, the ball head seat is connected with a connecting rod, the ball head body is connected with a connecting column, a through hole is formed in the ball head body, and lubricating grease is filled in the through hole;
The ball head body is provided with a concave hole at one side of the horizontal position and opposite to the center of the connecting rod, a permanent magnet is placed in the concave hole, in an initial state, the permanent magnet is horizontally arranged, a connecting line of an S pole and an N pole passes through the center point of the ball head body, three Hall sensors are arranged on the ball head seat, a first Hall sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the center line of the permanent magnet, a second Hall sensor and a third Hall sensor are arranged above the first Hall sensor at equal heights, the heights correspond to the maximum rotation angle position of the ball head joint in the vertical direction, the three Hall sensors are all arranged towards the center point of the ball head body, the second Hall sensor and the third Hall sensor are used for acquiring the horizontal rotation angle of the ball head body, the first Hall sensor is used for acquiring the vertical rotation angle of the ball head body and corresponds to the ball head structure of the steering connecting rod, the horizontal rotation angle is regarded as corresponding to the steering angle of a vehicle, and the vertical rotation angle is regarded as corresponding to the height of the vehicle;
The wear-resistant part is made of POM material, the wear-resistant part is composed of an upper part and a lower part, the upper part and the lower part are combined in the direction of a central line, the ball head body is coated and attached inside the wear-resistant part, the number of through holes is two, namely an X shaft hole and a Y shaft hole, the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole are horizontally opposite and vertically arranged, the plane of the central line of the X shaft hole and the Y shaft hole is positioned below the circle center of the ball head body, and the side line of the section of the through hole is of an arc structure;
the evaluation system includes:
the acquisition module is used for arranging the ball joint at a position where the ball joint is located on the vehicle chassis, acquiring a horizontal rotation angle signal of the ball body through the second Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor, and acquiring a vertical rotation angle signal by combining the first Hall sensor;
The processing module receives the signal data of the preprocessing module in real time, calculates and processes the real-time angle values, and obtains the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period;
The accumulation module is used for receiving the horizontal rotation angle value, the vertical rotation angle value, the fluctuation acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the processing module and obtaining an accumulated use value according to the set judgment and the weight;
when the accumulation module obtains an accumulated use value, the judgment factor of the ambient temperature is increased;
the processing module and the accumulating module acquire accumulated use values, and the processing module and the accumulating module comprise the following steps:
Determining a horizontal rotation angle value through acquiring two real-time feedback voltage sums of a second Hall sensor and a third Hall sensor and a preset feedback curve table;
After the horizontal rotation angle value is determined, the vertical rotation angle value is determined by the feedback voltage of the first Hall sensor and according to the preset structural diagram, reversely pushing the angle relation between the first Hall sensor and the permanent magnet;
drawing a time axis reference graph of horizontal angle rotation through the horizontal rotation angle value;
Drawing a time axis reference graph of vertical angle rotation through the vertical rotation angle value;
Combining the time axis reference graph rotated by the horizontal angle and the time axis reference graph rotated by the vertical angle to form a vehicle running time axis reference graph;
When determining the environmental temperature value factors, implementing different multiple value parameters for the environmental temperature values in different intervals based on the environmental temperature values;
When determining the horizontal rotation angle value factor, implementing different multiple value parameters on the horizontal rotation angle values of different sections based on the rotation direction angle;
When determining a motion frequency value factor, implementing different multiple value parameters on curve motion frequency values of different intervals in a time axis reference diagram;
when determining the angle variation factor, dividing the travel height into five sections in a time axis reference diagram, wherein three sections are uplink sections, two sections are downlink sections, and implementing multiple of difference on different sections;
When determining the variable acceleration value factors, determining the quantity of the variable acceleration value factors by referring to the curvature condition of the curve in the graph on the time axis rotated at the vertical angle, and implementing the different multiple value parameters;
And then, carrying out corresponding calculation processing by taking the environmental temperature value as a first judgment factor, the horizontal rotation angle value as a second judgment factor, the motion frequency value as a third judgment factor, the vertical rotation angle value as a fourth judgment factor and the fluctuation acceleration value as a fifth judgment factor, obtaining the accumulated use value in the current period, and finally obtaining the accumulated use value.
2. The real-time service life evaluation system of the double-pendulum ball-end joint according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises: when the processing module is in processing operation, the magnetic change condition of the current permanent magnet is determined according to the real-time angle value, and the angle change value, the change acceleration value and the movement frequency value of the ball head body to the ball head seat in the current period are corrected and obtained by the numerical value after the magnetic change.
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