CN117139350A - Deep sea sediment processing method - Google Patents
Deep sea sediment processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117139350A CN117139350A CN202311138606.7A CN202311138606A CN117139350A CN 117139350 A CN117139350 A CN 117139350A CN 202311138606 A CN202311138606 A CN 202311138606A CN 117139350 A CN117139350 A CN 117139350A
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- sediment
- deep sea
- soil
- exchange resin
- water
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a processing method of deep sea sediment, and relates to the technical field of deep sea sediment processing. The deep sea sediment can be processed into planting soil and environment-friendly water permeable bricks through a series of treatments. The deep sea soil contains a certain amount of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and the like, and after a series of treatment methods such as PH adjustment, dehydration, solidification, improvement and the like, the heavy metal content in the deep sea soil can be changed, so that the deep sea soil can be used as crop planting soil and can promote plant growth; the environment-friendly water permeable brick can quickly permeate rainwater into an underground water layer through the special pore structure of the environment-friendly water permeable brick, so that the phenomenon of water accumulation in cities is reduced, meanwhile, the impact of rainwater runoff on a city drainage system can be reduced, and the risk of urban waterlogging is reduced. The method improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of ocean resources.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of deep sea sediment treatment, in particular to a deep sea sediment processing method.
Background
The ocean accounting for 71% of land area is the country with the most abundant reserves in the world and the most abundant reserves of resources. The vast ocean contains abundant mineral resources, and the deep sea mineral resources currently available for commercial exploitation include oil gas, multi-metal nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, multi-metal sulfides and the like. The ocean contains multi-metal nodules rich in metals such as nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and the like, which are not available on the earth. With the increasing demand of humans for mineral resources, land mineral resources are increasingly scarce, and thus, marine mineral resources have great development potential and great economic benefits. Marine mineral resources are an important component of economic development in China.
The deep sea sediment mainly comprises marine organism remains, autogenous sediment, wind dust, cosmic dust, volcanic ash, land clay colloid and ice raft scraps; mainly biological and chemical products, but also terrestrial, volcanic and cosmic-derived substances, wherein turbidity currents, ice-borne, wind-borne and volcanic substances can also be a major source in some ocean bottoms. During deep sea mining operation, mineral cutting, collecting, flushing, crushing, grinding and the like in the submarine mining process and the movement of a mineral collector inevitably generate sediment plumes; the sediment plumes can cause damage to the deep sea ecosystem, burial causes choking of benthos, and people taking without nutrition or low nutrition particles can cause starvation of near-bottom organisms or slow down growth, etc. In the current deep sea mining process, a part of plumes are generated mainly by using a hydraulic lifting system or a water surface supporting mother ship conveyed by a chain bucket system to pretreat, tailings generated by pretreatments, including wastewater, sediment and fine solid particles generated by ore crushing and abrasion, are discharged back to the sea, and sediment plumes are generated at a discharge point.
The sediment contains more salt, higher water content, poorer permeability and the like; the high salinity is a main environmental factor for limiting the growth of crops, the poor permeability is unfavorable for the respiration of the crops, and meanwhile, the activity of soil microorganisms is also influenced, so that harmful substances are gradually accumulated, and the quality of the crops and the growth and development of the crops are further influenced; therefore, it is very difficult to use directly without processing and handling.
Ocean waste refers to solid waste which is durable, artificial or processed in the ocean and coastal environments, a part of the ocean waste stays on the beach, a part of the ocean waste can float on the sea surface or sink into the sea bottom, the ocean waste on the Pacific ocean only reaches 300 ten thousand square kilometers, and the ocean waste directly threatens the marine organisms. Animals may be swallowed by or trapped in the litter, resulting in choking, blockage of the digestive tract, rupture of the viscera, etc. Plastic bags, plastic rings, fishing nets, etc. in the garbage are often wound on marine organisms, affecting their survival and reproductive ability. In addition, toxic effects and the like are caused by harmful substances released from the garbage, so that the disposal of the garbage is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a processing method of deep sea sediment, which can process the sediment into planting soil and environment-friendly water permeable bricks, and improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of ocean resources.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing method of deep sea sediment sequentially comprises the following steps:
a. separating solid fine particles from the collected deep sea sediment through a sludge separation device to obtain sediment I;
b. adding a flocculating agent into the sediment I, precipitating for a period of time, and filtering out the upper seawater to obtain sediment II;
c. stirring the sediment II to homogenize the sediment II; then adding organic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride and a modifier into the mixture, and continuing stirring;
d. c, sending the mixture obtained in the step c into a mud-water separation device for dehydration treatment, and desalting the seawater obtained by dehydration separation by a vacuum distillation method to obtain drinking water or agricultural irrigation water; dehydrating and separating the obtained sediment III, wherein the water content of the sediment III is 30-70%;
e. part of the sediment III enters a planting soil system, and is processed into planting soil required by crops in the planting soil system;
f. the other part of the sediment III enters a water permeable brick system, in the water permeable brick system, firstly enters a drying chamber of the water permeable brick system for drying to obtain sediment V, and the heavy metal content in the sediment V is regulated by adding a microbial agent into the sediment V so as to reach the standard;
g. drying the sediment V with the heavy metal content reaching the standard in the step f, and removing redundant water;
h. crushing floating garbage in the ocean, and putting the crushed floating garbage into a ball mill for ball milling to form fine particles;
i. adding the granular floating garbage in the step h into the sediment V dried in the step g, and pressing the formed mixture into bricks in a high-temperature refractory mold under the pressure of 5-25 MPa; and then drying the obtained brick, firing the dried brick sample in an electric furnace at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃ for a period of time at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and cooling the brick to room temperature through natural convection in the electric furnace after firing to prepare the environment-friendly water permeable brick.
In the above-mentioned processing method of deep sea sediment, in step e, in the planting soil system, sediment III, soil conditioner, cation exchange resin, anion exchange resin and pH improver are mixed to obtain sediment IV, and microbial agent is added into sediment IV to reduce heavy metal content in sediment IV.
The processing method of the deep sea sediment comprises the steps of 1-5% of silicate cement curing agent, 2-10% of biochar and 1-10% of incinerator ash; the pH modifying agent is humic acid; the addition amount of the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin is 1-10% of the mass of the sediment III.
In the deep sea sediment processing method, sediment III, cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin are mixed and then placed in a second stirrer, the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, the stirring time is 20-40 min, then the mixture enters a centrifugal filter, the resin and sediment are separated in the centrifugal filter in a centrifugal precipitation mode, the separated sediment is positioned at the bottom, and the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin are positioned in upper liquid.
In the above processing method of deep sea sediment, in step a, solid fine particles are sieved out in a slurry separation device through vibration and a screen, wherein the screen is 250 meshes.
In the above processing method of deep sea sediment, in the step c, the modifier is prepared by mixing industrial waste steel slag and phosphogypsum as main raw materials with water; the addition amount of the modifier is 0.25% of the weight of the deep sea sediment; the addition amount of the organic polyacrylamide is 0.1-0.3% of the dry weight of the sediment; the stirring speed is 150-200 r/min, and the stirring time is 5-15 min.
In the processing method of the deep sea sediment, in the step f, the mass of the microbial agent is 1% -2% of the mass of the sediment V; in the step g, the drying is carried out in a drying chamber, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 20-30 h.
In the above processing method of deep sea sediment, in the step i, the floating garbage comprises plastic products and glass products, wherein the mass of the plastic products is 10% -30% of the mass of the sediment V, and the mass of the glass products is one third of the mass of the sediment V.
The microbial agent is mFe 0 Combined culture with sulfate reducing bacteria culture SRB, mFe 0 Deep sea sediment mass = 0.02g/g, sulfate reducing bacteria/deep sea sedimentVolume ratio of the material = 10mL/100mL.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
the application provides a processing method of deep sea sediment, which processes the deep sea sediment into planting soil and environment-friendly water permeable bricks, and compared with soilless culture for planting crops such as vegetables and fruits, the deep sea sediment is processed into planting soil, on one hand, the soilless culture investment is larger, the technical requirement is higher, the large-scale spread of certain diseases is easily caused by improper management, and the substrate has the defects of one year or about one and half years of use, replacement and the like; on the other hand, under the condition that the earth resources are increasingly exhausted, the deep sea soil is utilized for agricultural production, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of ocean resources can be improved, the formation of deep sea plumes is reduced, and the pollution to the ocean is reduced; the deep sea soil contains various natural organic matters and mineral elements, can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition components for crops, has better fertility, can reduce soil loss and erosion, is beneficial to maintaining the balance of a soil ecosystem, and contains trace elements required by human bodies such as rare elements; the deep sea soil contains a certain amount of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and the like, can decompose organic matters, promote the circulation of soil organic matters, can provide nutrients for other organisms, can assist plants to circulate nitrogen and phosphorus, promote the growth and development of plants, can participate in the conversion process of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and the like in the bio-geochemical circulation, and has the potential of treating pollution. The deep sea soil is usually fine particles, and the particles have the characteristics of uniformity and roundness and are stable in physical property; compared with the offshore clay and the sea sludge processed into the planting soil, the deep sea soil needs to be solidified and permeation-enhanced, the offshore clay and the sea sludge are mostly coarse particles or are mixed with various clastic substances, the deep sea clay and the sea sludge have certain fluidity, and the microorganism and organic matter contents of the deep sea soil are higher than those of the offshore clay and the sea sludge, so that the deep sea soil is favorable for the growth of plants.
The deep sea sediment is processed into the environment-friendly water permeable brick, the environment-friendly water permeable brick is provided with a special pore structure, so that rainwater can quickly permeate into an underground water layer, the phenomenon of water accumulation in cities is reduced, meanwhile, the impact of rainwater runoff on a city drainage system is reduced, and the risk of urban waterlogging is reduced; in addition, can also reduce the pollutant emission in the city effectively, through its superficial filter layer, impurity and pollutant in the rainwater can be filtered off, reduce the pollution to the environment, consequently, environmental protection water permeable brick has important effect in urban construction, can improve the environmental protection level and the ecological environment quality in city.
In the processing method of the deep sea sediment, the deep sea sediment is sequentially subjected to the steps of vibrating screen mesh, flocculating agent adding, sediment homogenization, dehydration and the like to obtain sediment with the water content of 30-70%, and then the sediment is respectively sent into a planting soil system and a water permeable brick system to be further processed into planting soil and environment-friendly water permeable bricks. The application has simple process operation and can be popularized and used.
Drawings
The application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the deep sea sediment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus required for deep sea sediment according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the collection of deep sea sediment according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a deep sea sediment pretreatment structure according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a soil planting system according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a water permeable brick system according to the present application;
in the figure:
1. pipeline, 2, slime separation device, 3, reservoir, 4, mixer one, 5, PAM tank, 51, discharger one, 61, discharger two, 6, modifier holding vessel, 7, muddy water separation device, 71, control valve, 8, planting soil system, 81, mixer two, 82, cation exchange resin tank, 83, anion exchange resin tank, 821, discharger three, 831, discharger four, 84, centrifugal filter, 85, mixer three, 86, pH improving agent tank, 87, soil improving agent, 88, microorganism bacterium agent tank one, 861, discharger five, 871, discharger six, 881, discharger seven, 9, water permeable brick system, 91, mixer four, 92, microorganism bacterium agent tank two, 921, discharger eight, 93, drying chamber, 94, mixing chamber, 95, plastic product tank, 96, glass product tank, 951, discharger nine, 961, discharger ten, 97, pulverizer, 98, ball mill, 99, high temperature refractory mold, electric furnace, 910, oven, and baking oven.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the present application, the words "first mixer", "second mixer" and the like are used only to distinguish different objects, and are not limited in number and order of execution, and the words "first mixer", "second mixer" and the like are not necessarily different. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 3, the deep-sea sediment collecting schematic diagram of the application is that the collected sediment is conveyed to a ship through a deep-sea sediment collecting vehicle, a mixture treatment and processing system is arranged on the ship, and the deep-sea sediment can be processed into planting soil and environment-friendly water permeable bricks through the mixture treatment and processing system and the processing method of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the specific processing system comprises a pipeline 1, a sludge separation device 2, a storage tank 3, a stirrer one 4, a PAM material tank 5, a discharger one 51, a discharger two 61, a modifier storage tank 6, a sludge-water separation device 7 and a control valve 71, wherein the pipeline 1 conveys deep sea sediment into the sludge separation device 2, the sludge separation device 2 adopts a sieve with the aperture of 250 meshes; solid fine particles generated by ore crushing and abrasion are sieved through vibration and a screen to obtain sediment I;
the outlet of the ore mud separating device 2 is connected with the inlet of the storage tank 3, sediment I flows into the storage tank, flocculating agent is added into the sediment I, and the sediment I is fully and uniformly stirred to precipitate impurities and particles suspended in water; filtering out the upper seawater after precipitation for 12 hours to obtain sediment II;
and pumping the sediment II into a stirrer I4 by a suction pump, stirring the sediment II in the stirrer I for about 10min, homogenizing the sediment II, fully dissolving chemical substances which are convenient to add into the sediment II, connecting a PAM material tank 5 and a modifier storage tank 6 with the stirrer I4, correspondingly arranging a discharger I51 and a discharger II 61 on pipelines connecting the PAM material tank 5 and the stirrer I4 and the modifier storage tank 6 with the stirrer I4, controlling the modifier storage tank 6 to send the modifier into the stirrer I4 by the discharger II 61, fully stirring the sediment II in the stirrer I4, conveying the sediment II subjected to stirring (tempering) into a mud-water separation device 7 for dehydration treatment, and conveying one part of the sediment III obtained after the treatment into a processing soil system 8 by a control valve 71, and conveying the other part of the sediment III into a water permeable brick system 9.
The mud-water separation device 7 can be realized by referring to the prior art, mainly utilizes the inclined plate sedimentation tank to separate sediment II from waste water, the mixture enters the sheet separator through the inlet, sewage flows downwards in the middle channel, a part of sediment is settled in the sludge bucket under the action of gravity, a part of sediment particles move upwards along the inclined plate along with the water, sediment particles are settled on the inner side of the layer plate and then enter the sludge bucket, and the outflow amount of the sediment is controlled through the sludge bucket.
Before dehydration treatment, organic polyacrylamide and a modifier are added into a stirrer I, so that the stability of colloidal particles of the sediment II is destroyed by adding the organic polyacrylamide and the modifier which can play a role in electric neutralization or adsorption bridging in the sediment II, and dispersed small particles are mutually aggregated to form large particles, thereby improving the dehydration performance of the sediment, the sediment after the quenching and tempering treatment is dehydrated in a mud-water separation device, and the separated seawater is desalted by a vacuum distillation method and can be used for drinking water, agricultural irrigation and the like.
Referring to fig. 5, the soil planting system includes a second stirrer 81, a cation exchange resin tank 82, an anion exchange resin tank 83, a third discharger 821, a fourth discharger 831, a centrifugal filter 84, a third stirrer 85, a pH-improving agent tank 86, a soil-improving agent 87, a first microbial agent tank 88, a fifth discharger 861, a sixth discharger 871, and a seventh discharger 881. Wherein the cation exchange resin tank 82 and the anion exchange resin tank 83 are respectively connected with the second stirrer 81, a third discharger 821 is arranged between the cation exchange resin tank 82 and the second stirrer 81, a fourth discharger 831 is arranged between the anion exchange resin tank 83 and the second stirrer 81, the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, the stirring time is about 30min, and the mixture is transported to the centrifugal filter 84 for separating resin and sediment; the separated resin can remove adsorbed Na by using alkali solution + Ions and the like, enabling the resin to be in a usable state again, enabling the separated sediment to enter a stirrer III 85, improving a pH agent tank 86 and a soil conditioner 87, respectively stirring the sediment and the separated sediment in the stirrer III 85 at a speed of 200-250 r/min through a discharger V861, a discharger V871, stirring for 15-20 min, waiting for 24h, and taking out a part of fully stirred deep sea soil as a sample to carry out heavy metal content and salt content measurement to meet the standard of soil pollution risk management and control standard (test) of soil environment quality agricultural land. If the condition that the planting of proper crops is satisfied; if the speed is not met, the microbial inoculum tank I88 enters the stirrer III 85 through the discharger seven 881, and is stirred at the speed of 200-250 r/min for 15-20 min and waiting for 24h.
The cation exchange resin tank 82 contains cations, and the anion exchange resin tank 83 contains anions, and the principle of the action is that metal cations (Na + 、Ca 2+ 、K + 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ Etc.) with cation exchange resins (containing sulfonic acid groups (-SO) 3 H) Carboxyl (-COOH) or phenol (-C) 6 H 4 OH) and other acidic groups, is easy to be in waterGeneration of H + Ion) H on + Ion exchange is performed so that cations in the solution are transferred to the resin and H on the resin + Exchange into water (i.e., the cation exchange resin principle); anions in aqueous solution (Cl) - 、HCO 3 - Etc.) with anion exchange resins (containing quaternary amino groups [ -N (CH) 3 ) 3 OH]Amino (-NH) 2 ) Or imino (-NH) 2 ) An iso-basic group which readily forms OH in water - Ion) OH on (B) ion) - Exchange is carried out, anions in the water are transferred to the resin, and OH on the resin - Exchange into water (i.e., as an anion exchange resin principle); and H is + With OH - The combination of the water and the cationic exchange resin can produce water, thereby achieving the aim of desalination, and the addition amount of the cationic exchange resin and the anionic exchange resin is 1 to 10 percent of the mass of the sediment III.
The soil conditioner comprises 1 to 5 percent of silicate cement curing agent, 2 to 10 percent of biochar and 1 to 10 percent of incinerator ash; the pH improver is humic acid; the addition amount of the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin is 1-10% of the mass of the sediment III.
The biochar is a product with extremely high carbon content, which is mainly formed by various materials such as animal manure, ocean floating garbage such as wood and the like under the condition of high temperature and no oxygen; the solid material has large specific surface area, is loose and porous and has extremely high carbon content; the exchange property of cations in the soil can be enhanced, the soil structure can be improved, the ventilation and water permeability of the soil can be increased, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the soil can be improved; and the combination of the biochar and the organic fertilizer can promote the formation of soil aggregate particles, promote the replacement of calcium ions and magnesium ions, reduce the content of sodium ions and increase the content of calcium ions and magnesium ions beneficial to plants.
The Portland cement curing agent kills harmful microorganisms, germs, ova and other organisms through cement hydration reaction, and has good stabilizing effect on heavy metal and other pollutants; the solidifying agent firstly reacts with water to generate gel-like hydrates such as calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate, calcium sulfate hydrate and the like, and the hydrates react with active ingredients of minerals in soil to generate flaky, fibrous or needle-like crystals which are mutually staggered, so that the connection between soil particles is improved, a stable reticular structure is formed in the soil, the solidified soil structure is firmer, and swelling substances are generated to fill pores among the reticular structures or improve the pore structure in the soil, so that the soil strength is improved.
The above-mentioned incinerator ash is solid residue produced by burning garbage and waste in the incinerator of ship; the incinerator ash is usually ash and incompletely combusted waste fragments remained in the combustion process, so that the soil can be loosened and not hardened, soil pores are increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the effects of water absorption, waterlogging prevention and soil loosening and improvement can be achieved.
The humic acid is a polymer substance widely existing in natural environment, is formed by animal and plant residues through complex biological and chemical actions, and has the mass concentration of 1.5% -2.5% of humic acid aqueous solution; the PH value of the sediment can be adjusted; the soil aggregate structure is improved to prevent soil from deteriorating, the porosity and water holding capacity of the soil are increased, the cold-resisting capability of crops is improved, the color of the soil is darkened, and the soil temperature is improved; improving and optimizing nutrient and moisture absorption by plants; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and mineral matters necessary for plant growth, improves the solubility of inorganic fertilizer, reduces the loss of fertilizer, and converts nutrient elements into a state easy to be absorbed by plants; can strengthen the absorption of nitrogen by plants, reduce the fixation of phosphorus, store elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which are deep into the soil in the soil, enable nutrient elements to enter plant bodies quickly, and improve the utilization rate of inorganic fertilizer; can also promote the activity of microorganisms in soil, increase the number of microorganisms in soil and enhance the activity of enzymes in soil, thereby promoting the growth and development of plants and physiological metabolism in vivo.
The microbial agent comprises the following components: mFe 0 Co-cultivation with sulfate reducing bacteria culture (SRB), mFe 0 The added amount is mFe 0 The mass of the deep sea sediment=0.02 g/g and the added amount of the sulfate reducing bacteria is that the sulfate reducing bacteria/deep sea sediment=10 mL/100mL, and zero-valent iron can stimulate the activity of the sulfate reducing bacteriaThe iron-containing compounds from zero-valent iron combine with the products of sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., sulfides, sulfites, and thiosulfates) with heavy metals to form more stable components; the sulfate reducing bacteria can decompose organic matters such as plant residues, animal excreta and the like to convert the organic matters into nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, meanwhile, the decomposed products of the organic matters can increase the fertility of soil, and some microorganisms such as ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria can convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen to realize nitrifying of the nitrogen so as to be easier to absorb and utilize; microorganisms can also bind fine-grained soil together by secreting binding substances and forming biocolloids, forming stable soil aggregates that help to improve soil structure, retain moisture, increase air permeability and erosion resistance.
Organic Polyacrylamide (PAM): the composite material is white powder and anionic, can reduce the concentration of cations in the deep sea soil to a certain extent, increase the permeability of the deep sea soil, and uses 0.25 mass percent of the solution with the input of 0.1-0.3% of the dry weight of the sediment.
And (3) a modifier: the low-alkalinity industrial waste steel slag and phosphogypsum are used as main raw materials, and are mixed with water to obtain the gray powder with the appearance, the low alkalinity is realized, and the addition amount of the modifier is 0.25% of the weight of the sediment.
The deep sea soil is softer, has low strength, and the deep sea sediment has the characteristics of large porosity, high plasticity, sensitivity coefficient of 4.5-6.7, belongs to high-sensitivity soil, obviously increases the weight of the soil body after meeting water and has poor permeability, and lacks the stability for being used as normal soil; therefore, after the deep sea soil is dehydrated, a soil improvement curing agent can be added to carry out soil improvement curing on the soil;
the PH of the deep sea sediment is possibly raised in the processes of salt reduction, improvement, solidification and the like of the deep sea sediment, and the PH of sediment soil is required to be controlled to be 6.5-7.5, so that the growth of plants is facilitated; the pH value of the soil can be changed by adding alginic acid, so that plant growth is promoted. After the deep sea soil is subjected to a series of treatment methods such as PH (potential of hydrogen) adjustment, dehydration, solidification and improvement, the heavy metal content in the deep sea soil can be changed, so that the heavy metal content in the deep sea soil can be measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method, and according to the judgment of the soil environment quality agricultural land pollution risk management standard (trial run), if the heavy metal content in the deep sea soil does not exceed the standard of the soil environment quality agricultural land pollution risk management standard (trial run), proper crops can be planted; if the heavy metal content of the deep sea soil exceeds the standard of soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial run) of agricultural land with soil environmental quality, the microbial technology has the advantages of low investment, low environmental interference and the like, is an ideal technology for reducing the heavy metal content, and is used for reducing the heavy metal content more efficiently, so that the heavy metal content in the deep sea soil is reduced by the cooperation of a chemical agent and a microbial agent, the heavy metal is stirred at the speed of 200-250 r/min in a stirrer for 15-20 min, and the processing of the planting soil is completed after the stirring is completed fully. Finally, mixed compost of the excreta of crews and tourists, kitchen waste and the like can be added and applied to crops after a certain time, and before the sediment is actually used for preparing planting soil, soil tests such as tests on soil structure, fertility, nutrient element content and the like are needed to be carried out, the suitability degree of the soil is determined, and proper crops are planted to achieve the best effect.
As shown in fig. 6, another part of the sediment III enters a water permeable brick system, which comprises a stirrer four 91, a microbial agent tank two 92, a discharger eight 921, a drying chamber 93, a mixing chamber 94, a plastic product tank 95, a glass product tank 96, a discharger nine 951, a discharger ten 961, a pulverizer 97, a ball mill 98, a high-temperature refractory mold 99, an oven 910 and an electric furnace 911. The fourth stirrer is connected with the second microbial agent tank 92, the heavy metal content in the sediment III is measured firstly, if the heavy metal content is not met according to the standard of harmful substances limit in building materials (GB 18580-2017), the heavy metal content in the sediment is reduced by adding the microbial agent which is 1-2% of the mass of the sediment in the deep sea, and the sediment with the reduced heavy metal content is dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a drying chamber, so that redundant water is removed; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the second microbial inoculum tank 92 enters the fourth stirrer 91 through the discharger eight 921, and is stirred at the speed of 200-250 r/min for 15-20 min, and the time is 24h; then, the deposit is conveyed into a drying chamber 93 by a suction pump, dried at about 105 ℃ for 24 hours, excess moisture is removed, and then the deposit is conveyed into a mixing chamber 94;
the plastic material tank 95 and the glass material tank 96 are respectively fed into a crusher 97 through a discharger nine 951 and a discharger ten 961 for crushing, ball-milling for 2 hours in a ball mill 98, grinding to break the agglomeration of powder and screen into aggregate size smaller than 1mm and particle size of 0.131-0.154 mm, and then the waste plastic is 10-30% of the mass of sediment V, and the mass ratio of the sediment V to glass powder is 3:1 are thoroughly mixed in a mixing chamber 94; the mixture is pressed into bricks in a high-temperature refractory mold 99 of 5-25 MPa, the obtained bricks are transported into an oven 910 and dried for 12h, then the bricks are fired in an electric furnace 911 at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min in a temperature range of 1100-1200 ℃, after the bricks are fired at a required temperature for about 30 minutes, the bricks are cooled to room temperature by natural convection in the electric furnace after the firing, and the environment-friendly water permeable bricks are manufactured.
In summary, the processing method of deep sea sediment provided by the application processes the deep sea sediment into planting soil and water permeable bricks, the planting soil is usually fine particles, and the particles have the characteristics of uniformity and roundness and have stable physical properties; compared with the offshore clay and the sea sludge processed into the planting soil, the deep sea soil needs to be solidified and permeation-enhanced, the offshore clay and the sea sludge are mostly coarse particles or are mixed with various clastic substances, the deep sea clay and the sea sludge have certain fluidity, and the microorganism and organic matter contents of the deep sea soil are higher than those of the offshore clay and the sea sludge, so that the deep sea soil is favorable for the growth of plants. The water permeable bricks can quickly permeate rainwater into an underground water layer through the special pore structure, so that the phenomenon of water accumulation in cities is reduced, meanwhile, the impact of rainwater runoff on a city drainage system is reduced, and the risk of urban waterlogging is reduced; in addition, can also reduce the pollutant emission in the city effectively, through its superficial filter layer, impurity and pollutant in the rainwater can be filtered off, reduce the pollution to the environment, consequently, environmental protection water permeable brick has important effect in urban construction, can improve the environmental protection level and the ecological environment quality in city.
The parts not described in the application can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the appropriate modifications and variations of the above embodiments are within the scope of the present application as claimed in the present application, as long as they are within the spirit of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A processing method of deep sea sediment is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
a. separating solid fine particles from the collected deep sea sediment through a sludge separation device to obtain sediment I;
b. adding a flocculating agent into the sediment I, precipitating for a period of time, and filtering out the upper seawater to obtain sediment II;
c. stirring the sediment II to homogenize the sediment II; then adding organic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride and a modifier into the mixture, and continuing stirring;
d. c, sending the mixture obtained in the step c into a mud-water separation device for dehydration treatment, and desalting the seawater obtained by dehydration separation by a vacuum distillation method to obtain drinking water or agricultural irrigation water; dehydrating and separating the obtained sediment III, wherein the water content of the sediment III is 30-70%;
e. part of the sediment III enters a planting soil system, and is processed into planting soil required by crops in the planting soil system;
f. the other part of the sediment III enters a water permeable brick system, in the water permeable brick system, firstly enters a drying chamber of the water permeable brick system for drying to obtain sediment V, and the heavy metal content in the sediment V is regulated by adding a microbial agent into the sediment V so as to reach the standard;
g. drying the sediment V with the heavy metal content reaching the standard in the step f, and removing redundant water;
h. crushing floating garbage in the ocean, and putting the crushed floating garbage into a ball mill for ball milling to form fine particles;
i. adding the granular floating garbage in the step h into the sediment V dried in the step g, and pressing the formed mixture into bricks in a high-temperature refractory mold under the pressure of 5-25 MPa; and then drying the obtained brick, firing the dried brick sample in an electric furnace at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃ for a period of time at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and cooling the brick to room temperature through natural convection in the electric furnace after firing to prepare the environment-friendly water permeable brick.
2. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 1, wherein in the step e, the sediment III, the soil conditioner, the cation exchange resin, the anion exchange resin and the pH modifier are mixed in the planting soil system to obtain sediment IV, the microbial agent is added into sediment IV, and the heavy metal content in sediment IV is reduced by the microbial agent.
3. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 2, wherein the soil conditioner comprises 1% -5% of silicate cement curing agent, 2% -10% of biochar and 1% -10% of incinerator ash; the pH improver is humic acid; the addition amount of the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin is 1-10% of the mass of the sediment III.
4. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 2, wherein the sediment III, the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin are mixed, then placed in a second stirrer, the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, the stirring time is 20-40 min, then the mixture enters a centrifugal filter, the resin and the sediment are separated in the centrifugal filter in a centrifugal precipitation mode, the sediment is positioned at the bottom after separation, and the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin are positioned in upper liquid.
5. The method for processing deep sea sediments according to claim 1, wherein in step a, solid fine particles are sieved out by vibration and a sieve in a slurry separation device, and the sieve is 250 mesh.
6. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the modifier is prepared by mixing industrial waste steel slag and phosphogypsum as main raw materials with water; the addition amount of the modifier is 0.25% of the weight of the deep sea sediment; the addition amount of the organic polyacrylamide is 0.1-0.3% of the dry weight of the sediment; the stirring speed is 150-200 r/min, and the stirring time is 5-15 min.
7. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 1, wherein in the step f, the mass of the microbial agent is 1% -2% of the mass of the sediment V; in the step g, the drying is carried out in a drying chamber, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 20-30 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step i, the floating garbage comprises plastic products and glass products, wherein the mass of the plastic products is 10% -30% of the mass of the glass products of the sediment V, and the mass of the glass products is one third of the mass of the sediment V.
9. The method for processing deep sea sediment according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is mFe 0 Combined culture with sulfate reducing bacteria culture SRB, mFe 0 Mass of deep sea sediment = 0.02g/g, volume ratio of sulfate reducing bacteria/deep sea sediment = 10mL/100mL.
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| TWI851501B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-08-01 | 財團法人石材暨資源產業研究發展中心 | Control Methods for Seawater Minerals |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI851501B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-08-01 | 財團法人石材暨資源產業研究發展中心 | Control Methods for Seawater Minerals |
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