CN117044463B - Seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalizing functions - Google Patents
Seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalizing functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN117044463B CN117044463B CN202311322800.0A CN202311322800A CN117044463B CN 117044463 B CN117044463 B CN 117044463B CN 202311322800 A CN202311322800 A CN 202311322800A CN 117044463 B CN117044463 B CN 117044463B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/04—Fertiliser distributors using blowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly discloses a seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer balancing, which comprises a frame, a rotary tillage ridging device, a seed ditch opening device, a shallow fertilization device, a deep fertilization device and a seed sowing device, wherein the deep fertilization device and the seed sowing device both comprise a disturbance-inflation-blowing combined type collector, the deep fertilization device also comprises a row of deep fertilization spades, the top of each deep fertilization spade is in a horseshoe shape, a fertilizer spraying hole is formed in the top of each deep fertilization spade, a material distributing strip with a rice-grain-shaped section is arranged in each deep fertilization spade, the upper end of each fertilizer spraying hole is connected with a fertilizer guiding pipe, and the fertilizer guiding pipe is connected with the disturbance-inflation-blowing combined type collector in the deep fertilization device; the seed collector has better seed filling speed and seed filling stability, can be effectively applied to seeds of wheat, sorghum and the like, can provide enough fertilizer for the initial growth stage of the seeds by the deep fertilization device, improves the root system distribution and plant configuration of crops, increases the solidification force of the root system and soil, and effectively improves the lodging resistance of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly discloses a seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer balancing functions.
Background
The collector is a core component of the seeding machine, which determines the seeding effect and the working efficiency of the whole seeder to a large extent. The existing seeding machinery for seeds such as wheat and oat is mostly based on a combined technology of mechanical hole wheel type seed sowing and middle active ditching device, but seeds such as wheat and sorghum are large in self friction effect and poor in fluidity, so that the middle hole wheel of the seed collector cannot realize stable filling of the seeds in a seed filling chamber, the seed filling speed is poor, in addition, in the process of discharging the seeds by the hole wheel, the seeds can be piled up in a seed discharging pipe due to large friction force, smooth discharging cannot be realized, and further the seeding effect is poor. Similarly, when the hole wheel type collector is used for feeding the granular fertilizer by the combined direct seeding machine, stable feeding of the granular fertilizer cannot be realized due to factors such as large friction force, poor fluidity and the like of the granular fertilizer.
In addition, the fertilizer injection unit in traditional seeding machinery generally sets up in the front end of seeder, and earlier spill fertilizer on soil surface through the fertilizer distributor, then rethread rotary tillage device carries out the rotary tillage, causes fertilizer to exist soil shallow layer region for fertilizer can't be fully absorbed by the seed of seeding at the soil deep layer. In order to solve the problem, the conventional seeding machine is further provided with a second group of fertilizer application devices, the granular fertilizer is directly scattered onto the ground through the fertilizer discharge pipes in the group of fertilizer application devices after rotary tillage is completed, and then the seed sowing device can scatter seeds between two adjacent rows of granular fertilizers, so that the effect of deep fertilization is achieved. However, such a fertilizer applicator is only capable of collecting and distributing the granular fertilizer (the fertilizer will be spread in a straight, elongated direction) and locating it in the row spacing of two rows of furrows. The seeds are far away from the deeply fertilized fertilizer in the initial germination and growth stage, and the part of the fertilizer cannot be effectively absorbed, so that the fertilizer is lost, and the distribution of the root systems of crops cannot be improved. Based on this, this application has provided a seed and fertilizer with sowing machines that have stable seeding and wide strip are all fertile simultaneously, and on the one hand through collect row ware to have great frictional force's seed or granule fertilizer carry out abundant disturbance, make its effective filling and smooth and easy unloading, on the other hand through the design to deep fertilizer injection unit in the machines, realize wide strip evenly fertilizeing, improve fertilizer utilization, promote crop root system development, reinforcing crop absorption nutrient, moisture and drought resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer balancing, which solves the problems that the existing seed collecting and discharging device is poor in filling effect and easy to block materials in the seed or fertilizer discharging process, and can realize wide-strip uniform fertilization to ensure that the fertilizer can be fully absorbed in the initial stage of seed germination and growth, thereby achieving the effects of promoting the root system development of crops and enhancing the nutrient, moisture and drought resistance of the crops.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a seed manure is with sowing machines with stable seeding and wide strip samming, includes frame, rotary tillage ridger, seed ditch device, shallow fertilizer injection unit, dark fertilizer injection unit and seed metering device all include to disturb and aerify and blow combination formula collection and discharge ware, dark fertilizer injection unit still includes a row of fixed deep fertilization shovel that sets up at rotary tillage ridger rear portion, deep fertilization shovel is the horseshoe, and the top of deep fertilization shovel has seted up the wide fertilizer hole that spouts in top, the inner chamber upper end of deep fertilization shovel contracts to the fertilizer hole, and the lower extreme outwards opens the setting, is located be provided with the branch strip that the cross-section is the rice grain on the deep fertilization shovel longitudinal section central line of fertilizer hole below, the upper end of fertilizer injection hole is connected with the fertilizer guide pipe, it is connected with the combination formula collection and discharge ware that is blown to disturb in the deep fertilization device.
As the further setting of above-mentioned scheme, disturb and aerify and blow combination formula collection row ware including storage box, feedway, the discharge apparatus that sets gradually from top to bottom, be provided with pneumatic conveying device on the feedway, the feedway comprises row's material cavity and feeding mechanism, feeding mechanism is including setting up the transmission shaft in row's seed cavity inside, be provided with one row of type hole wheel on the transmission shaft, be provided with the baffle with type hole wheel both ends face seal on the transmission shaft, two rows of type holes that are annular array form have been seted up on the periphery of type hole wheel, and two rows of type holes are crisscross to be set up, same row arbitrary adjacent two protruding part between the type hole has formed the kind tooth that scrambles that is the inclined ladder shape.
As a further arrangement of the above solution, the offset angle between two dislocated seed-disturbing teeth is 15 °, and the section curve equation of a single seed-disturbing tooth is as follows:
and x and y are rectangular coordinate systems established by taking the position with the vertical distance of 34mm from the center of the longitudinal section of the hole wheel as the center of a circle, and the unit is mm.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, the discharging cavity is formed by combining a plurality of air blowing cavities with asymmetric venturi tube structures side by side, the air blowing cavities are in one-to-one correspondence with hole wheels in the feeding mechanism, three through channels are arranged in the air blowing cavities, the upper channels are feed inlets, the side channels are discharge outlets, and the lower channels are discharge outlets.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, the lower extreme of bin outlet is connected with row material pipe, row material pipe is the venturi structure of stick form, row material pipe and the position intermediate segment that bin outlet is linked together shrink to the centre, and the upper left end diameter of row material pipe is greater than the intermediate segment and is connected with pneumatic conveying device, and the lower right end diameter of row material pipe is greater than the intermediate segment and slope downwardly extending sets up.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, a feeding regulating tongue is arranged in the air blowing chamber below the feeding hole, and one end of the feeding regulating tongue is connected with the air blowing chamber and is adjustable with the vertical surface by 0-45 degrees.
As the further setting of above-mentioned scheme, the air-sending device includes fan cover, fan fixed plate and fan mouth, fan cover, fan and the equal fixed connection of fan mouth are on the fan fixed plate, the upper left end of fan mouth and row material pipe is connected.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, shallow fertilizer injection unit includes the fertilization case, the bottom interval of fertilization case is equipped with a plurality of fertilizer mouthfuls down, every fertilizer mouthful is connected with the fertilizer apparatus down, the lower extreme of fertilizer apparatus is connected with the fertilizer groove.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, the seed ditching device comprises a row of double-disc type ditchers, and seed guide pipes connected with the lower ends of the combined seed collector for disturbing and inflating in the seed sowing device are arranged on the double-disc type ditchers.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, the rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft device, a side ditching plow, a shaping device and a mud scraping plate, wherein the side ditching plow and the shaping device are respectively and bilaterally symmetrically arranged at the front and rear sides of the rotary tillage cutter shaft device.
According to the combined type seed collecting and discharging device with the staggered air-blowing effect, on one hand, two rows of mutually staggered holes are formed on the hole-forming wheel, so that inclined trapezoid seed-disturbing teeth are formed between two adjacent holes in the same row, two rows of seed-disturbing teeth are formed on the circumferential surface of the hole-forming wheel, and due to the effect of the two rows of seed-disturbing teeth with special structures, in the hole-forming wheel rotation process, the seed-disturbing teeth not only can have larger seed-disturbing area for the population in the filling chamber, but also can apply larger disturbing force for the population with large friction force and poor flowability due to the effect of the inclined trapezoid seed-disturbing teeth, and then seeds close to the hole-forming wheel area are in a boiling state and are filled into the holes more quickly and stably. Simultaneously, can adjust the inclination of feeding regulating tongue according to the material kind in filling kind or filling fertile in-process, not only avoid the filling chamber inside to be full of seed or fertilizer and make its and the effort between the feeding structure too big, make feeding mechanism receive the effect of feeding regulating tongue and then can inject the height of seed or granule fertilizer in the filling chamber in rotatory in-process moreover, prevent that excessive collection from appearing and arrange.
In the second aspect, as the discharging pipe connected with the air blowing device is arranged at the lower end of the seed discharging port of the air blowing chamber, the discharging pipe is of the Venturi tube structure in the shape of a stick, so that when seeds or fertilizer are discharged by the hole wheel, air flow is continuously fed into the seed discharging pipe through the air feeding device, the air pressure of a channel above the seed discharging port is larger than the air pressure in the seed discharging pipe under the action of the Venturi tube structure in the shape of the stick, then seeds or fertilizer fall into the discharging pipe quickly under the action of air pressure difference, and the seeds or fertilizer can be discharged from the discharging pipe quickly under the action of the air flow after the seeds or fertilizer fall into the discharging pipe, and the condition of discharging blockage is avoided.
In addition, when the seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine disclosed by the invention is used for fertilizing and sowing by means of the design of the air-disturbing blowing combined type collector-discharger, part of fertilizer is firstly scattered on soil through the shallow fertilizing device, and the part of fertilizer can be uniformly distributed in a shallow soil area through the rotary tillage device. And then the deep fertilization shovel is attached to the soil surface after rotary tillage to advance in the advancing process of the frame, the granular fertilizer blown down by the air blowing combined type collector in the deep fertilization device enters the fertilizer guide pipe, and then enters the upper end fertilizer spraying hole position of the deep fertilization shovel through the fertilizer guide pipe. Under the action of the deep fertilization shovel inner cavity structure and the rice-shaped material distribution strips, the granular fertilizer can be evenly scattered around, the effect of evenly fertilizing the wide strips is achieved, two side ends of the wide strip fertilizer are close to seeds sowed in two adjacent rows, the seeds are guaranteed to fully absorb the fertilizer in the early germination and growth process, so that enough nutrition is provided for the early stage of the seeds, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the root system distribution and plant configuration of crops are improved, the solidification force of the root system and soil is increased, and the lodging resistance of the crops is effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the seed collector disclosed by the invention, two rows of mutually staggered holes are formed on the hole wheel, two rows of inclined trapezoid seed disturbing teeth with special structures are formed on the circumferential surface of the hole wheel through the two rows of holes, so that the disturbance area of seeds or granular fertilizers is increased, larger disturbance force can be applied to seeds with poor fluidity, the seeds close to the hole wheel area are in a boiling state in the hole wheel rotating process, and the holes are better filled, so that the seed filling speed and seed filling stability of the whole seed collector are effectively improved, and the sowing effect is further improved.
2. According to the seed collecting and discharging device disclosed by the invention, the material discharging pipe with the hammer-shaped venturi tube structure is arranged at the lower end of the seed discharging opening of the air blowing chamber, and the material on the seed discharging opening rapidly falls down through the air supply effect of the air blowing device and the air pressure difference formed by combining the venturi tube in the seed discharging or fertilizer discharging process, and the fallen material is rapidly discharged out of the whole seed collecting and discharging device after being blown by air flow in the material discharging pipe, so that the situation of material discharging blockage caused by overlarge friction force of the material is effectively avoided.
3. The invention further arranges a feeding regulating tongue which can be regulated between 0 and 45 degrees in the air blowing chamber below the feeding port, thereby avoiding the excessive acting force between the feeding structure and the feeding chamber due to the filling of seeds or fertilizers in the feeding chamber, and ensuring that the feeding mechanism is influenced by the feeding regulating tongue in the rotating process so as to limit the height of the seeds or the particulate fertilizers in the feeding chamber and prevent the occurrence of excessive collection and discharge.
4. The seed fertilizer same machine disclosed by the invention is specially designed on the basis of shallow fertilization and deep fertilization, and the combined type collector-discharger is used as a granular fertilizer feeding unit, so that the granular fertilizer can enter a fertilizer guide pipe under the action of air flow, and meanwhile, the granular fertilizer can be uniformly scattered around by combining the deep fertilization shovel cavity structure and the design of the grain-shaped material distribution strip with the cross section of the grain-shaped material distribution strip, so that the effect of uniformly fertilizing the wide strip is achieved, and the two side ends of the wide strip fertilizer are close to seeds sowed in two adjacent rows, so that enough nutrition is provided for the initial growth stage of the seeds.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front view of a combined air-blowing collector according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a combined air-blowing collector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a front view of a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rear plan view of a seed and fertilizer co-sowing implement according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a seed and fertilizer co-planter according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an air delivery device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a discharge chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal planar structure of the discharge chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a feeding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a medium-sized orifice wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of coordinates of a seed-disturbing tooth in a hole wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a first angle configuration of the deep fertilizing shovel of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a second angular schematic view of the deep fertilizing shovel of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer and seed arrangement of the deep fertilizing shovel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 14 in conjunction with examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 discloses a combined collector for disturbing and inflating, which can be used for collecting and discharging seeds with poor fluidity such as wheat, rice and the like, and can also be used for collecting and discharging granular fertilizers. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the main structure of the collector includes a storage tank 20, a feeding device, a discharging device, an air feeding device 29, a motor 28 and a mounting frame 21, the mounting frame 21 includes left and right side plates, the storage tank 20 is disposed above the feeding device, the discharging device is obliquely mounted below the feeding device, and the storage tank 20, the feeding device and the discharging device are all fixed on the left and right side plates in the mounting frame 21. The specific unloading device consists of an unloading plate 26 and an unloading groove 25, wherein the unloading plate 26 is obliquely downwards arranged below the feeding device, the unloading plate 26 is matched with an unloading opening of the feeding device and is in a connection mode capable of being inserted in a drawing mode, and then the unloading groove 25 is fixed at the lower end of the unloading plate 26.
Referring to fig. 2 and 6, the air feeding device 29 is disposed at the rear of the feeding device, and includes a fan housing 291, a fan 292, a fan fixing plate 294 and a fan port 293, the fan 292, the fan port 293 and the fan housing 291 are respectively fixed to the fan fixing plate 294, and then the fan fixing plate 294 is fastened to the mounting frame 21 by bolts, and the fan port 293 is connected to a discharge pipe in the feeding device.
Referring to fig. 1, 7 and 8, the feeding device is composed of a discharging cavity 27 and a feeding mechanism 23, wherein the discharging cavity 27 is formed by combining a plurality of side-by-side air-blowing cavities 271 with asymmetric venturi tube structures, and the number of the specific air-blowing cavities 271 can be between 6 and 12 according to actual situations and can be replaced. Three through channels are arranged in the air blowing chamber 271, wherein the upper channel is a feed inlet 2711, the side channels are discharge openings 2713, and the lower channel is a discharge opening 2715. The feed port 2711 connects the storage tank 20 and the charging chamber, and a dam plate 22 is provided above the feed port 2711, and the number of sowing rows is controlled by the dam plate 22. The discharge port 2713 is connected with a discharge device, and the lower end of the discharge port 2715 is connected with a discharge pipe 2714. The discharge tube 2714 has an asymmetric venturi structure, the structure of the discharge tube 2714 is similar to that of a hammer, the part of the middle section of the discharge tube 2714, which is communicated with the discharge port 2715, is contracted towards the middle, the diameter of the left upper end of the discharge tube 2714 is larger than that of the middle section and is communicated with a fan port in the air conveying device 29, the diameter of the right lower end of the discharge tube 2714 is also larger than that of the middle section and extends obliquely downwards, and finally, the lower end of the discharge tube 2714 is connected with a seed dropping tube 24. The air is fed into the discharge pipe 2714 through the air feeding device 29, and an air pressure difference is formed between the discharge port 2715 and the discharge pipe 2714 by utilizing the venturi structure of the discharge pipe 2714, so that the discharge of seeds or granular fertilizer in the discharge pipe 2714 is accelerated.
In addition, in this embodiment, a feeding adjusting tongue 2712 is disposed in the charging chamber below the feeding port 2711, and the feeding adjusting tongue is rotatably designed, and one end of the feeding adjusting tongue is connected to the inner wall of the chamber below the feeding port 2711 and is disposed at an inclination angle of 0-45 ° with respect to the vertical plane. The inclination of the feeding adjusting tongue 2712 can be adjusted according to the material types, so that seeds or fertilizer can be prevented from entering the charging chamber completely during seed charging, the acting force between the feeding mechanism and the feeding structure 23 is excessively large, and the feeding mechanism 23 is influenced by the feeding adjusting tongue 2712 in the rotating process, so that the height of the seeds or the particle fertilizer in the charging chamber can be limited, and excessive collection and discharge can be prevented.
Referring to fig. 9, 10 and 11, the feeding mechanism is composed of a hole wheel 232, a partition 231 and a transmission shaft 233, and is of a detachable design, and is convenient to replace. One end of the transmission shaft 233 is connected to a sprocket and driven by a motor 28, and the other end is rotatably connected to left and right side plates in the mounting frame 21. The plurality of hole forming wheels 232 are mounted on the transmission shaft 233 at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 233, the partition plates 231 are mounted on the transmission shaft 233 between two adjacent hole forming wheels 232, and the left and right end surfaces of the hole forming wheels 232 are sealed under the action of the partition plates 231. The number of the specific type orifice wheels 232 may be set between 6 and 12, and each orifice wheel 232 corresponds to the air blowing chamber 271 on the discharge chamber 27 one by one.
Two rows of annular holes are arranged on the circumferential surface of the hole wheel 232 in an annular array mode, and the two rows of annular holes are arranged in a staggered mode. The protruding parts between any two adjacent holes in the same row form seed disturbing teeth, and the seed disturbing teeth are in an inclined trapezoid shape. Referring to fig. 11, in this embodiment, the section curve equation of the single seed disturbing tooth is as follows, where x and y are rectangular coordinate systems established by taking a position with a vertical distance of 34mm from the center of a longitudinal section of the hole wheel as a center, and the units are mm:
meanwhile, the offset angle between two staggered seed disturbing teeth is 15 degrees in design, so that a plurality of staggered seed disturbing teeth in a inclined trapezoid form are formed on the single hole wheel 232. The double rows of inclined trapezoid seed disturbing teeth on the single hole wheel 232 enlarge the seed disturbing area of seeds or granular fertilizers in the charging chamber, and can apply larger disturbing force to seeds or granular fertilizers with poor flow, so that the seeds or granular fertilizers close to the hole wheel area are in a boiling state, and the charging holes are better.
To examine the effect of the present air-blown combined seed metering device, the following verification experiments were performed.
Under the condition that the working rotation speeds are 30, 40 and 50r/min, the hole wheel is selected to be in the shape of a trapezoid tooth hole combination, a bowl shape and a prism shape (see patent content in application number 2021114169335), a full factor experiment is carried out, the number of seed particles filled into the hole wheel in one rotation is counted, the experiment is repeated for 5 times at each factor level, and the seed filling rate stability variation coefficient method under different rotation speeds obtained by the experiment are carried out according to the following formula:
wherein:
m-single seed filling rate per minute, g/min;
n p -the rotation speed of the profile hole wheel, r/min;
l-number of seed particles not transferred into the hole wheel;
m, thousand seed weight of seeds, g;
m a average seed filling rate, g/min;
i-number of experiments;
C V -seed filling stability coefficient of variation,%.
1. Taking wheat as an example:
2.
taking sorghum as an example:
as can be seen from the data results of the above experiments, compared with the conventional bowl-shaped and prismatic hole wheel collector, the air-disturbing blowing combined collector disclosed in the embodiment 1 has a better seed filling rate and better seed filling stability for seeds with large friction effect and poor fluidity on wheat, sorghum and the like.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 discloses a seed and fertilizer simultaneously-sowing machine equipped with a combined type seed and fertilizer collector of embodiment 1, and referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the machine comprises a frame, and a seed sowing device 2, a deep fertilizing device 8, a shallow fertilizing device, a rotary tillage ridging device and a seed ditch opening device are arranged at the upper end of the frame. The seed metering device 2 and the deep fertilizing device 8 are both the air-disturbing blowing combined type seed collector in the embodiment 1, and are arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper end of the frame side by side.
The shallow fertilizer device comprises a fertilizer box 1, a fertilizer device 15 and a fertilizer guide groove 9, wherein a plurality of fertilizer discharging openings are arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box 1 at intervals, the fertilizer discharging openings and the fertilizer device 15 are communicated one by one, and finally, the outlet at the lower end of the fertilizer device 15 is connected with the fertilizer guide groove 9.
The rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft device, a side furrow plough 10, a mud scraping plate 5 and a shaping device 4; the rotary blade shaft device comprises rotary blade rotating shafts 11 which are symmetrically arranged left and right, rotary blade supports 13 are uniformly distributed on the rotary blade rotating shafts 11, and rotary blades 14 are arranged on each rotary blade support 13. The two side ditching plows 10 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right frames of the rotary tillage cutter shaft device, the two shaping devices 4 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right frames of the rear of the rotary tillage cutter shaft device, and the mud scraping plate 5 is arranged on the frame between the two shaping devices 4. In the operation process of the rotary tillage ridging device, rotary tillage is performed through rotary tillage blades 14, ditching is performed through side ditching plows 10 on two sides, and finally the shaping device 4 performs the ditching operation.
In addition, the deep fertilization device 8 further comprises a row of deep fertilization shovels 12 arranged on a rack below the combined air-disturbing and blowing type collector, the combined air-disturbing and blowing type collector is mainly used for feeding fertilizers, disturbance, filling and discharging of the granular fertilizers are achieved, and the granular fertilizers are scattered down by the deep fertilization shovels 12. Referring to fig. 12 and 13, the deep fertilization spades 12 are in a horseshoe shape with the upper part being wide and the lower part being wide, and are positioned at the rear part of the rotary tillage ridging device, then the upper end of each deep fertilization spade 12 is connected with a fertilizer guiding pipe 7, and the end part of the fertilizer guiding pipe 7 is directly connected with the lower end of a corresponding discharge pipe 2714 on the deep fertilization device 8. Meanwhile, a truncated cone-shaped fertilizer spraying hole with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is formed in the top part, connected with the fertilizer guiding pipe 7, of the deep fertilization shovel 12, the upper end of the inner cavity of the deep fertilization shovel 12 is contracted towards the fertilizer spraying hole, and the lower end of the inner cavity of the deep fertilization shovel 12 is outwards opened. A horizontally arranged material dividing strip 121 is connected in the inner cavity of the deep fertilization shovel 12 below the circular truncated cone-shaped fertilizer spraying hole, the cross section of the material dividing strip 121 is in a rice grain shape design, and the material dividing strip 121 is arranged on the central line of the longitudinal section of the deep fertilization shovel 12 and is about 20mm away from the fertilizer spraying hole.
In the process of deep fertilization, the deep fertilization shovel 12 is attached to the soil surface after rotary tillage, and the granular fertilizer discharged by the combined type collector can flow downwards along the discharge pipe 2714 under the action of air pressure by disturbing and inflating, and then enters into a fertilizer spraying hole at the top end of the deep fertilization shovel 12 through the fertilizer guiding pipe 7. At this time, under the action of air pressure, the fertilizer can be sprayed into the inner cavity of the deep fertilization shovel 12 through the circular truncated cone-shaped fertilizer spraying holes, the granular fertilizer can be uniformly sprayed to the periphery under the action of the inner cavity structure of the deep fertilization shovel 12 and the material distributing strips 121, the effect of uniformly fertilizing the wide strips is achieved, the two side ends of the wide strip-shaped fertilizer are close to seeds (refer to fig. 14) sowed in two adjacent rows, and the crop root system distribution and plant configuration can be improved on the premise that the seeds fully absorb the fertilizer in the early germination and growth process, the solidification force of the root system and soil is increased, and the lodging resistance of crops is effectively improved.
Finally, the seed-metering device comprises double-disc-type furrow openers 6, the double-disc-type furrow openers 6 are fixed on the frame, seed guide pipes 3 are connected above each double-disc-type furrow opener, and the seed guide pipes 3 are connected with seed dropping pipes 24 corresponding to the lower parts of the seed metering devices 2.
In order to verify that the design of the rice grain-shaped material distribution strips with the cross section in the deep fertilization device in the embodiment 2 achieves the effect of uniformly fertilizing wide strips, fertilization uniformity experiments are carried out on the deep fertilization devices under different conditions. The specific experimental parameters are as follows: the wind speed is 15m/s, the fertilizer supply rate is 1000 particles/s, and experiments are carried out on four conditions of material dividing strips with the cross sections of rice grains, circles and triangles and no material dividing strips.
Equally dividing the lower end fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilization shovel 12 into three areas along the width direction of the lower end fertilizer outlet, counting the quantity of fertilizer falling in the three areas, and calculating the uniformity variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge:
wherein:the average number of the granular fertilizers in the three areas is the average number of the granular fertilizers;
C V for the uniformity variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge,%.
The calculation results of the uniformity of the fertilizer distribution of various material distribution strips are shown as follows:
from the above data results, it can be analytically found that: the minimum coefficient of variation of the uniformity of fertilizer discharge achieved by adopting the material distribution strips with the cross sections of rice grains is also fully proved that the effect of uniformly fertilizing the broadband can be effectively ensured by arranging the material distribution strips with the cross sections of rice grains in the deep fertilization shovel.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with the functions of stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization comprises a frame, a rotary tillage ridging device, a seed ditch opening device, a shallow fertilization device, a deep fertilization device and a seed sowing device, and is characterized in that the deep fertilization device and the seed sowing device both comprise a disturbance-inflation blowing combined type collector, the deep fertilization device also comprises a row of deep fertilization spades fixedly arranged at the rear part of the rotary tillage ridging device, the deep fertilization spades are horseshoe-shaped, the top of each deep fertilization spade is provided with a fertilizer spraying hole with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the upper end of an inner cavity of each deep fertilization spade is contracted towards the fertilizer spraying hole, the lower end of each deep fertilization spade is outwards opened, a distribution strip with a rice-grain cross section is arranged on the central line of the longitudinal section of each deep fertilization spade below each fertilizer spraying hole, and the upper end of each fertilizer spraying hole is connected with a fertilizer guiding pipe which is connected with the disturbance-inflation blowing combined type collector in each deep fertilization device;
the utility model provides a combination formula collection row ware is blown in scrambling gas, including storage box, feedway, the discharge apparatus that sets gradually from top to bottom, be provided with the air supply device on the feedway, the feedway comprises row's material cavity and feeding mechanism, feeding mechanism is including setting up the transmission shaft in row's seed cavity inside, be provided with one row of type hole wheel on the transmission shaft, be provided with the baffle that seals type hole wheel both ends face on the transmission shaft, two rows of type holes that are annular array form have been seted up on the periphery of type hole wheel, and two rows of type holes are crisscross to be set up, same row arbitrary adjacent two protruding part between the type hole has formed the kind tooth that scrambles that is the inclined ladder shape.
2. The seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalizing functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharging cavity is formed by combining a plurality of air-blowing cavities with asymmetric venturi tube structures side by side, the air-blowing cavities are in one-to-one correspondence with hole wheels in the feeding mechanism, three through channels are arranged in the air-blowing cavities, the upper channels are feed inlets, the side channels are discharge outlets, and the lower channels are discharge outlets.
3. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with the functions of stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower end of the discharge opening is connected with a discharge pipe, the discharge pipe is of a venturi pipe structure in a stick shape, the middle section of the part where the discharge pipe is communicated with the discharge opening is contracted towards the middle, the diameter of the left upper end of the discharge pipe is larger than that of the middle section and is connected with the pneumatic conveying device, and the diameter of the right lower end of the discharge pipe is larger than that of the middle section and is obliquely and downwardly extended.
4. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalizing functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein a feeding adjusting tongue is arranged in the air blowing chamber below the feeding opening, and one end of the feeding adjusting tongue is connected with the air blowing chamber and is adjustable in 0-45 degrees with the vertical plane.
5. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with the functions of stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization as set forth in claim 3, wherein the pneumatic conveying device comprises a fan cover, a fan fixing plate and a fan opening, the fan cover, the fan and the fan opening are fixedly connected to the fan fixing plate, and the fan opening is connected with the upper left end of the discharge pipe.
6. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization functions according to claim 1, wherein the shallow fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing box, a plurality of fertilizer discharging openings are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the fertilizing box, each fertilizer discharging opening is connected with a fertilizer distributor, and the lower end of the fertilizer distributor is connected with a fertilizer guiding groove.
7. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization as set forth in claim 1, wherein said seed and fertilizer opening device comprises a row of double-disc furrow openers, and seed guide tubes connected with the lower ends of the combined seed and fertilizer collector of the seed sowing device are arranged on said double-disc furrow openers.
8. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine with the functions of stable sowing and wide-strip fertilizer equalization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft device, a side furrow plough, a shaping device and a mud scraping plate, and the side furrow plough and the shaping device are respectively arranged at the front and the rear of the rotary tillage cutter shaft device in a bilateral symmetry manner.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01320912A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1989-12-27 | Kubota Ltd | Fertilizing and sowing apparatus |
| CN204291777U (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corn seed fertilizer is with broadcasting formula fertilizer distributor |
| CN110679249A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | Multi-row integrated air-blowing seed sowing device |
| CN216775428U (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Corn watering seeder for multi-hole synchronous operation |
-
2023
- 2023-10-13 CN CN202311322800.0A patent/CN117044463B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01320912A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1989-12-27 | Kubota Ltd | Fertilizing and sowing apparatus |
| CN204291777U (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corn seed fertilizer is with broadcasting formula fertilizer distributor |
| CN110679249A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | Multi-row integrated air-blowing seed sowing device |
| CN216775428U (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Corn watering seeder for multi-hole synchronous operation |
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