CN117006408A - Liquid hydrogen storage and supply system capable of being started quickly and method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid hydrogen storage and supply system capable of being started quickly and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117006408A CN117006408A CN202310967388.1A CN202310967388A CN117006408A CN 117006408 A CN117006408 A CN 117006408A CN 202310967388 A CN202310967388 A CN 202310967388A CN 117006408 A CN117006408 A CN 117006408A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 612
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 612
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 601
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 298
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/037—Handling leaked fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system capable of being started quickly and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy. According to the invention, the liquid hydrogen pump is arranged in the liquid hydrogen bath pool, so that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen pump is kept in a liquid hydrogen temperature zone continuously, and the starting efficiency of a storage and supply system is improved; the hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank is re-liquefied and used as a hydrogen medium source of the liquid hydrogen pool, so that the dynamic balance of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath pool is maintained; the hydrogen generated by the heat release of the liquid hydrogen pump is discharged from the liquid hydrogen bath, and the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced by Zhong Zhengqing conversion heat absorption; the engine is cooled by liquid hydrogen vaporization heat, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell is cooled by low-temperature hydrogen, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system is maximized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, in particular to a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and a method thereof, which are started quickly.
Background
The hydrogen energy is clean energy with zero carbon emission and various application forms, is an ideal energy storage medium for realizing energy storage and peak regulation of renewable energy sources, and is expected to become an important force for pushing energy sources to transform. Hydrogen is used as the chemical fuel with the highest mass energy density, is in a gaseous state at normal temperature and pressure, and has the density of only 7.14% of air, so that the volume energy density of hydrogen at normal pressure is extremely low. Accordingly, all of the vehicles for aviation, navigation, land, etc. using hydrogen energy tend to use liquid hydrogen as a storage form, and then the liquid hydrogen is vaporized and delivered to components such as hydrogen engines or fuel cells. However, due to the low temperature characteristics, various vehicles generate large evaporation loss when using liquid hydrogen as fuel, and the overall start-up speed of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and a method for quick start, which utilize the magnetocaloric efficiency to realize the reliquefaction of the evaporated hydrogen of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, continuously soak a liquid hydrogen pump by utilizing the reliquefaction, reduce the start time of the liquid hydrogen pump and promote the heat insulation capacity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank by secondary and positive conversion of the vaporized hydrogen.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system capable of being started quickly, which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen bath, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, a hydrogen engine, a helium heat exchanger, a hydrogen air fuel cell, an air pipeline, a high-temperature cooling pipeline, a medium-temperature cooling pipeline, a superconducting magnet, a helium circulation pipeline and a vacuum heat insulation cabin;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gas hydrogen medium outlet, the liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected with a liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the gas hydrogen medium outlet is connected with a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline; the secondary-positive hydrogen conversion cold screen is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen is used for reducing evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank by utilizing cold energy of secondary-positive hydrogen conversion;
the liquid hydrogen bath is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, and a liquid hydrogen pump is arranged in the liquid hydrogen bath; the liquid hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are respectively connected with a hydrogen liquefying pipeline for supplementing liquid hydrogen and a hydrogen pipeline for discharging vaporized hydrogen;
the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, the helium heat exchanger and the hydrogen heat exchanger are respectively provided with a first channel and a second channel which can form heat exchange contact;
the liquid hydrogen pipeline is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen pump, a liquid hydrogen stop valve, a second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and the hydrogen engine, and is used for vaporizing liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and then conveying the vaporized liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen engine;
the hydrogen liquefying pipeline is sequentially connected with a gas-hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a first hydrogen valve, a hydrogen liquefier and a liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath, and is used for reliquefying hydrogen lost by evaporation of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and conveying the hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen bath so as to supplement the liquid hydrogen loss caused by heat release of the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump in the liquid hydrogen bath;
the hydrogen pipeline is sequentially connected with a hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath, a second hydrogen valve, a second channel of the helium heat exchanger, a Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen, a third hydrogen valve, a second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger and a hydrogen air fuel cell, and is used for converting and preheating Zhong Zhengqing vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath and then conveying the converted and preheated hydrogen to the hydrogen air fuel cell for reaction;
the front end of the air pipeline is connected with the compressor, and the rear end of the air pipeline is divided into two branches; the first branch is connected with the hydrogen engine through a first air valve, and the second branch is connected with the hydrogen air fuel cell through a second air valve, and is used for respectively conveying compressed external air to the hydrogen engine and the hydrogen air fuel cell for reaction;
the high-temperature cooling pipeline is sequentially connected with a high-temperature circulating pump, a high-temperature stop valve, a first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and a cooling channel of the hydrogen engine to form a circulating loop, and is used for cooling the hydrogen engine by utilizing the vaporization cold energy of the liquid hydrogen;
the medium-temperature cooling pipeline is sequentially connected with a medium-temperature circulating pump, a medium-temperature stop valve, a first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger and a cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell and forms a circulating loop, and is used for cooling the hydrogen air fuel cell by utilizing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen;
the electric energy generated by the hydrogen air fuel cell is transmitted to the superconducting magnet through a power line, so that the magnetic field intensity generated by the superconducting magnet can be regulated and controlled;
the inside of the vacuum heat insulation cabin is provided with a magnetic working medium which can generate a refrigeration effect under the regulation and control of an external superconducting magnet; the helium circulation pipeline is sequentially connected with the driving pump, the low-temperature control valve, the magnetic working medium and the first channel of the helium heat exchanger to form a circulation loop, and is used for conveying heat generated by the magnetic working medium to hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline; the other end of the magnetic working medium is connected with the hydrogen liquefier through a gravity type low-temperature heat pipe and is used for conveying cold energy generated by the magnetic working medium to the hydrogen liquefier so as to complete liquefaction of hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier.
Preferably, the helium circulation pipeline is internally filled with high-pressure helium medium, and start-stop control of heat exchange is realized by driving the pump and the low-temperature control valve.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the hydrogen heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.
Preferably, the hydrogen air fuel cell realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by supplying pulse current to the superconducting magnet.
Preferably, the superconducting magnet is replaced by a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium through spatial position control.
Preferably, one end of the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe is positioned in the hydrogen liquefier and used as an evaporation section, and the other end of the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe is positioned in the vacuum insulation cabin and is filled with a para-normal hydrogen conversion catalyst.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline, the high-temperature cooling pipeline, the medium-temperature cooling pipeline, the air pipeline and the connecting parts thereof are all provided with heat insulation materials for preventing heat leakage.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for operating a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system using any of the rapid start-up methods of the first aspect, comprising:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen into a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen bath; opening a liquid hydrogen stop valve, starting a liquid hydrogen pump, enabling liquid hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage tank to sequentially flow through the liquid hydrogen pump and the liquid hydrogen stop valve through a liquid hydrogen pipeline, then entering a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, absorbing heat, and entering a hydrogen engine for combustion after vaporization is completed;
s2, opening a first hydrogen valve, enabling hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, enabling the hydrogen to enter a hydrogen liquefier through the first hydrogen valve, cooling the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, and enabling the liquid hydrogen to enter a liquid hydrogen bath;
s3, opening the second hydrogen valve and the third hydrogen valve, and enabling hydrogen generated by heat release of the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump to enter a hydrogen pipeline; in a hydrogen pipeline, hydrogen firstly enters a helium heat exchanger to absorb heat released by a high-pressure helium medium, then enters a para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold screen to generate para-ortho-hydrogen conversion and absorb heat under the catalysis effect, so that the liquid hydrogen evaporation loss of a liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced, then enters a second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger through a third hydrogen valve to release cold energy, and finally enters a hydrogen air fuel cell to react to generate electric energy;
s4, opening the first air valve and the second air valve, starting the compressor, enabling external air to enter an air pipeline under the action of the compressor, and then dividing the air pipeline into two paths; the compressed air in the first branch enters the hydrogen engine through the first air valve to burn to generate kinetic energy, and the compressed air in the second branch enters the hydrogen air fuel cell through the second air valve to react to generate electric energy; the hydrogen air fuel cell supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet through a power line, so that the regulation and control of the magnetic field intensity are realized;
s5, opening a high-temperature stop valve, starting a high-temperature circulating pump, enabling a heat exchange medium in a high-temperature cooling pipeline to enter a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer through the high-temperature circulating pump and the high-temperature stop valve in sequence to absorb liquid hydrogen vaporization cold energy for cooling, and then entering a cooling pipeline of a hydrogen engine to cool the liquid hydrogen vaporization cold energy and to circulate reciprocally;
s6, opening a medium-temperature stop valve, starting a medium-temperature circulating pump, enabling a heat exchange medium in a medium-temperature cooling pipeline to sequentially pass through the medium-temperature circulating pump and the medium-temperature stop valve, enter a first channel of a hydrogen heat exchanger to absorb low-temperature hydrogen cooling capacity for cooling, and then enter a cooling pipeline of a hydrogen air fuel cell to cool and circulate reciprocally;
s7, in the running process of the system, the magnetic working medium sequentially and circularly carries out isothermal magnetization process, adiabatic demagnetization process, isothermal demagnetization process and adiabatic magnetization process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s71, isothermal magnetization process: starting a low-temperature control valve, starting a driving pump, starting a high-pressure helium medium to circulate along a helium circulation pipeline, increasing the magnetic field of a superconducting magnet by adjusting the output current of a hydrogen-air fuel cell, heating a magnetic working medium, releasing heat from the high-pressure helium medium to hydrogen in a second channel of a helium heat exchanger, and simultaneously reducing the entropy of the magnetic working medium in an isothermal manner;
s72, adiabatic demagnetization: closing the low-temperature control valve and the driving pump, stopping circulation of the high-pressure helium medium in the helium circulation pipeline, reducing the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, and starting cooling of the magnetic working medium because the magnetic working medium is positioned in the vacuum insulation cabin and is in an insulation state;
s73, isothermal demagnetization: the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is continuously reduced by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen air fuel cell, the entropy of the magnetic working medium is increased isothermally, and the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe transmits the cold energy of the magnetic working medium to the hydrogen liquefier, so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier is liquefied;
s74, adiabatic magnetization process: the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe does not run any more, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is increased by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, the isentropic of the magnetic working medium is changed, and the temperature is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: the liquid hydrogen pump is arranged in the liquid hydrogen bath pool, so that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen pump is kept in a liquid hydrogen temperature zone continuously, and the starting efficiency of the storage and supply system is improved; the hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank is re-liquefied and used as a hydrogen medium source of the liquid hydrogen pool, so that the dynamic balance of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath pool is maintained; the hydrogen generated by the heat release of the liquid hydrogen pump is discharged from the liquid hydrogen bath, and the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced by Zhong Zhengqing conversion heat absorption; the engine is cooled by liquid hydrogen vaporization heat, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell is cooled by low-temperature hydrogen, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system is maximized.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to the present invention.
In the figure: the liquid hydrogen tank 2, the liquid hydrogen pump 3, the liquid hydrogen bath 4, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 5, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, the hydrogen engine 7, the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, the first hydrogen valve 9, the hydrogen liquefier 10, the hydrogen pipeline 11, the second hydrogen valve 12, the helium heat exchanger 13, the Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen 14, the third hydrogen valve 15, the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, the air pipeline 18, the compressor 19, the first air valve 20, the second air valve 21, the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22, the high-temperature circulation pump 23, the high-temperature stop valve 24, the medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25, the medium-temperature circulation pump 26, the medium-temperature stop valve 27, the power line 28, the superconducting magnet 29, the helium circulation pipeline 30, the driving pump 31, the low-temperature control valve 32, the magnetic working medium 33, the vacuum heat insulation cabin 34 and the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe 35.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected with intervening elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the expressions of the components "high temperature cooling line 22, high temperature circulation pump 23, high temperature cut-off valve 24, intermediate temperature cooling line 25, intermediate temperature circulation pump 26, intermediate temperature cut-off valve 27, low temperature control valve 32, gravity type low temperature heat pipe 35" are only used for the purpose of distinguishing the relative temperatures, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying absolute temperature limitations indicating the indicated technical features.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is provided, the components of which mainly include a liquid hydrogen tank 2, a liquid hydrogen bath 4, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, a hydrogen engine 7, a helium heat exchanger 13, a hydrogen heat exchanger 16, a hydrogen air fuel cell 17, an air line 18, a high temperature cooling line 22, a medium temperature cooling line 25, a superconducting magnet 29, a helium circulation line 30, and a vacuum insulation tank 34. The cooperative operational relationship between the components is described in detail below.
In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 should be a relatively sealed device for storing liquid hydrogen. Two outlets, namely a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gas hydrogen medium outlet, are arranged on the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2. The liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected with a liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 and is used for conveying out liquid hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2; the gas-hydrogen medium outlet is connected with a hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 for conveying out the hydrogen which is heated and evaporated into a gaseous state in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is externally provided with a secondary-primary hydrogen conversion cold screen 14, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 can be cooled by utilizing cold energy generated in the secondary-primary hydrogen conversion process, so that the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, zhong Zhengqing reforming cold screen 14 is internally filled with a para-hydrogen reforming catalyst that catalyzes the conversion of Zhong Zhengqing to produce refrigeration. As shown in fig. 1, the secondary hydrogen conversion cold shield 14 is preferably arranged below the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, but it should be clear that the Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold shield 14 is not limited to be arranged below the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in actual use, and can be arranged at a designated position outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 as required.
In the system, the liquid hydrogen pump 3 is arranged in the liquid hydrogen bath 4, the liquid hydrogen bath 4 is used for containing liquid hydrogen when in use, and the liquid hydrogen contained in the liquid hydrogen bath is submerged in the liquid hydrogen pump 3 as much as possible, so that the liquid hydrogen pump 3 can be always in a liquid hydrogen temperature area, and a precooling flow required by a start-stop process of a storage and supply system is avoided. The liquid hydrogen bath 4 is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, wherein the liquid hydrogen inlet is externally connected with a hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8, and the hydrogen outlet is externally connected with a hydrogen pipeline 11. The hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 is used for realizing the supplement of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath 4, and the hydrogen pipeline 11 is used for realizing the discharge of the vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath 4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen bath 4 should be a relatively closed cell structure to prevent leakage and loss after the hydrogen is vaporized due to heat release caused by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3 in practical use.
In the system of the invention, the inner part of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 is divided into a first channel and a second channel which form heat exchange contact, the first channel is used for introducing a heat exchange medium circulating in the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22, the second channel is used for introducing liquid hydrogen, and the heat exchange medium can absorb cold energy generated by vaporization of the liquid hydrogen for cooling. The helium heat exchanger 13 is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel which form heat exchange contact, the first channel is used for introducing high-pressure helium medium, the second channel is used for introducing hydrogen, and the hydrogen can absorb heat generated by the high-pressure helium medium to raise the temperature. The hydrogen heat exchanger 16 is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel which form heat exchange contact, wherein the first channel is used for introducing a heat exchange medium circulating in the medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25, and the second channel is used for introducing hydrogen, and the hydrogen can absorb heat generated by the heat exchange medium to raise the temperature. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the hydrogen heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.
In the system, a liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet of a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a liquid hydrogen pump 3, a liquid hydrogen stop valve 5, a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 and a hydrogen engine 7 along the medium flowing direction, and the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is used for vaporizing liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and then conveying the vaporized liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen engine 7. That is, the head end of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is communicated with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and is used for outputting liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2; the end of the liquid hydrogen line 1 communicates with the hydrogen engine 7 for delivering the liquid hydrogen vaporized by the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to the hydrogen engine 7 so that it can be reacted with the compressed air passing through the first air valve 20 for combustion in the hydrogen engine 7.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5 is provided on the liquid hydrogen line 1 in an external line between the liquid hydrogen bath 4 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.
In the system of the invention, a hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 is sequentially connected with a gas hydrogen medium outlet of a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a first hydrogen valve 9, a hydrogen liquefier 10 and a liquid hydrogen inlet of a liquid hydrogen bath 4, and the hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 is used for reliquefying hydrogen lost by evaporation of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and conveying the hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen bath 4 so as to supplement the liquid hydrogen loss caused by heat release of the operation of a liquid hydrogen pump 3 in the liquid hydrogen bath 4. That is, the head end of the hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 is communicated with the gas hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and is used for outputting the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2; the tail end of the hydrogen liquefying pipeline 8 is communicated with a liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a first hydrogen valve 9 is provided on the hydrogen liquefaction line 8 in the external line between the liquid hydrogen tank 2 and the hydrogen liquefier 10 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.
In the system of the invention, a hydrogen pipeline 11 is sequentially connected with a hydrogen outlet of a liquid hydrogen bath 4, a second hydrogen valve 12, a second channel of a helium heat exchanger 13, a Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen 14, a third hydrogen valve 15, a second channel of a hydrogen heat exchanger 16 and a hydrogen empty fuel cell 17, and the hydrogen pipeline 11 is used for conveying the hydrogen gasified in the liquid hydrogen bath 4 to the hydrogen empty fuel cell 17 for reaction after secondary conversion and preheating. That is, the head end of the hydrogen pipe 11 is communicated with the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4 for outputting vaporized hydrogen generated in the liquid hydrogen bath 4 due to the heat released by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3; the end of the hydrogen line 11 is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 for delivering the preheated hydrogen to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 so that it can react with the compressed air passing through the second air valve 21 in the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to generate electric power. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a second hydrogen valve 12 is provided on the hydrogen line 11 in the external line between the liquid hydrogen bath 4 and the helium heat exchanger 13, and a third hydrogen valve 15 is provided on the hydrogen line 11 in the external line between the liquid hydrogen tank 2 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and servicing.
In the system of the present invention, the air line 18 is connected to the compressor 19 at the front end and divided into two branches (i.e., a first branch and a second branch) at the rear end. The first branch is connected with the hydrogen engine 7 through a first air valve 20 and is used for compressing external air and then delivering the compressed external air to the hydrogen engine 7 to react with the liquid hydrogen gasified by the liquid hydrogen gasifier 6; the second branch is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 through a second air valve 21, and is used for compressing the external air and then delivering the compressed external air to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to react with the hydrogen preheated by the hydrogen heat exchanger 16.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first air valve 20 is provided in the external line between the compressor 19 and the hydrogen engine 7, and a second air valve 21 is provided in the external line between the compressor 19 and the hydrogen engine 7 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.
In the system of the invention, a high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 is sequentially connected with a high-temperature circulating pump 23, a high-temperature stop valve 24, a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 and a cooling channel of a hydrogen engine 7 along the flow direction of a heat exchange medium to form a circulating loop, and the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 can cool the hydrogen engine 7 by utilizing the vaporization cold energy of the liquid hydrogen. That is, the heat exchange medium absorbs the cold energy generated by the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen in the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to cool, then enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7 under the power of the high-temperature circulating pump 23 to cool and then warm the hydrogen engine 7, then continuously enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to cool the cold energy generated by the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen absorbed in the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to cool, then enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7 to cool and warm the hydrogen engine 7 to realize the warm-cool cycle of the heat exchange medium.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high temperature cut-off valve 24 is provided in the external piping between the high temperature circulation pump 23 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.
In the system of the invention, the medium temperature cooling pipeline 25 is sequentially connected with the medium temperature circulating pump 26, the medium temperature stop valve 27, the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 and the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium to form a circulating loop, and the medium temperature cooling pipeline 25 utilizes the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen to cool the hydrogen air fuel cell 17. That is, the heat exchange medium cools the cooling capacity generated by the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen absorbed by the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, then enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 under the power of the medium temperature circulating pump 26, cools the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, heats up, then continuously enters the cooling capacity generated by the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen absorbed by the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, then enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, cools down the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, heats up, and realizes the heating-cooling cycle of the heat exchange medium. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a medium temperature cut-off valve 27 is provided in the external piping between the medium temperature circulation pump 26 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.
In the system of the invention, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 is transmitted to the superconducting magnet 29 through the power line 28, and the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet 29 is regulated and controlled. The superconducting magnet 29 is located outside the vacuum insulation cabin 34, and the magnetic working medium 33 is arranged inside the vacuum insulation cabin 34, and the magnetic working medium 33 can generate refrigeration effect under the regulation and control of the external superconducting magnet 29. When in actual use, the hydrogen air fuel cell realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by supplying pulse current to the superconducting magnet. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the superconducting magnet may be replaced by a permanent magnet, in which case the permanent magnet effects magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by spatial position control.
In the system of the invention, a high-pressure helium medium is filled in a helium circulation pipeline 30, and a driving pump 31, a low-temperature control valve 32, a magnetic working medium 33 and a first channel of a helium heat exchanger 13 are sequentially connected along the medium flow direction to form a circulation loop, and the helium circulation pipeline 30 transmits heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33 to hydrogen in a hydrogen pipeline 11. That is, the high pressure helium medium can absorb the heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33, then enters the first channel of the helium heat exchanger 13 under the power of the driving pump 31, the hydrogen gas in the second channel of the helium heat exchanger 13 can absorb the heat generated by the high pressure helium medium to raise the temperature, and meanwhile, the high pressure helium medium in the first channel of the helium heat exchanger 13 is cooled, and then the heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33 is reabsorbed, so that the heating-cooling cycle of the high pressure helium medium is realized.
In the system of the invention, the other end of the magnetic working medium 33 is connected with a gravity type low-temperature heat pipe 35, so that the cold energy generated by the magnetic working medium 33 can be transmitted to the hydrogen liquefier 10, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier 10 can be liquefied. In actual use, the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe is divided into an evaporation section in the hydrogen liquefier, a condensation section in the vacuum heat insulation cabin and a heat insulation section between the evaporation section and the condensation section.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a layer of heat insulation material should be laid on the outside of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline, the high temperature cooling pipeline, the medium temperature cooling pipeline, the air pipeline and the connection parts thereof to prevent heat leakage.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned fast-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system shown in fig. 1, there is further provided an operation method of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, which specifically includes the following steps:
it should be noted that the method first controls all valves to be in a closed state, and all devices to be in a stop operation state, and the insides of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen bath 4 are filled with a proper amount of liquid hydrogen.
S1, opening a liquid hydrogen stop valve 5, starting a liquid hydrogen pump 3, enabling liquid hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to sequentially flow through the liquid hydrogen pump 3 and the liquid hydrogen stop valve 5 through a liquid hydrogen pipeline 1, then entering a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, absorbing heat and entering a hydrogen engine 7 for combustion after vaporization is completed.
S2, opening a first hydrogen valve 9, enabling hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to enter a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, enabling the hydrogen to enter a hydrogen liquefier 10 through the first hydrogen valve 9, cooling the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, and enabling the liquid hydrogen to enter a liquid hydrogen bath 4.
And S3, opening the second hydrogen valve 12 and the third hydrogen valve 15, and allowing hydrogen generated by heat release of the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3 to enter the hydrogen pipeline 11. In the hydrogen pipeline 11, hydrogen firstly enters the helium heat exchanger 13 to absorb heat released by a high-pressure helium medium, then enters the para-positive hydrogen conversion cold screen 14 to generate para-positive hydrogen conversion under the catalysis effect and absorb heat, so that the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is reduced, then enters a second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 through the third hydrogen valve 15 to release cold energy, and finally enters the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 to react to generate electric energy.
S4, opening the first air valve 20 and the second air valve 21, starting the compressor 19, and enabling external air to enter the air pipeline 18 under the action of the compressor 19 and then to be split into two paths. The compressed air in the first branch is fed into the hydrogen engine 7 through the first air valve 20 to burn to generate kinetic energy, and the compressed air in the second branch is fed into the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 through the second air valve 21 to react to generate electric energy. The hydrogen air fuel cell 17 supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet 29 through the power line 28, thereby realizing regulation of the magnetic field intensity.
S5, opening a high-temperature stop valve 24, starting a high-temperature circulating pump 23, enabling a heat exchange medium in a high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 to sequentially pass through the high-temperature circulating pump 23 and the high-temperature stop valve 24 to enter a first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to absorb liquid hydrogen vaporization cooling capacity for cooling, and then entering a cooling pipeline of the hydrogen engine 7 to cool the liquid hydrogen vaporization cooling capacity and to circulate reciprocally.
S6, opening the medium temperature stop valve 27, starting the medium temperature circulating pump 26, enabling the heat exchange medium in the medium temperature cooling pipeline 25 to sequentially pass through the medium temperature circulating pump 26 and the medium temperature stop valve 27, enter the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to absorb low-temperature hydrogen cooling capacity for cooling, then enter the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 for cooling, and circulate reciprocally.
S7, in the running process of the system, the magnetic working medium 33 and accessories thereof sequentially and circularly perform four steps of isothermal magnetization process, adiabatic demagnetization process, isothermal demagnetization process and adiabatic magnetization process, and the method is as follows:
s71, isothermal magnetization process: the low-temperature control valve 32 is opened, the driving pump 31 is started, the high-pressure helium medium starts to circulate along the helium circulation pipeline 30, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is increased by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, the magnetic working medium 33 starts to heat, the high-pressure helium medium releases heat to the hydrogen of the second channel of the helium heat exchanger 13, and meanwhile, the magnetic working medium 33 is isothermal and entropy-reduced.
S72, adiabatic demagnetization: the low temperature control valve 32 and the drive pump 31 are closed, the circulation of the high pressure helium medium in the helium circulation line 30 is stopped, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, and the magnetic working medium 33 begins to cool down because the magnetic working medium 33 is positioned in the vacuum insulation cabin 34 and is in an insulation state.
S73, isothermal demagnetization: by adjusting the form of the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to continuously reduce the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29, the entropy of the magnetic working medium 33 increases isothermally, and the gravity type cryogenic heat pipe 35 transfers the cold energy of the magnetic working medium 33 to the hydrogen liquefier 10, so that the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier 10 is liquefied.
S74, adiabatic magnetization process: the gravity type low temperature heat pipe 35 is not operated any more, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is increased by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, the magnetic working medium 33 is changed isentropically, and the temperature is raised.
The numbers (e.g., S1 to S7) in the above steps do not refer to the order of operation in actual use, but only to distinguish between a certain path and a certain function, and in actual operation, a certain number of steps may be performed simultaneously, separately or sequentially, as required.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system for quick start is characterized by comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), a liquid hydrogen bath (4), a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), a hydrogen engine (7), a helium heat exchanger (13), a hydrogen heat exchanger (16), a hydrogen air fuel cell (17), an air pipeline (18), a high-temperature cooling pipeline (22), a medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25), a superconducting magnet (29), a helium circulation pipeline (30) and a vacuum insulation cabin (34);
a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gas hydrogen medium outlet are formed in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), the liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected with the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1), and the gas hydrogen medium outlet is connected with the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8); the secondary-positive hydrogen conversion cold screen (14) is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), and the Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen (14) is used for reducing evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) by utilizing cold energy of secondary-positive hydrogen conversion;
a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet are formed in the liquid hydrogen bath (4), and a liquid hydrogen pump (3) is arranged in the liquid hydrogen bath; the liquid hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are respectively connected with a hydrogen liquefying pipeline (8) for supplementing liquid hydrogen and a hydrogen pipeline (11) for discharging vaporized hydrogen;
the inside of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), the helium heat exchanger (13) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) are respectively provided with a first channel and a second channel which can form heat exchange contact;
the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1) is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), a liquid hydrogen pump (3), a liquid hydrogen stop valve (5), a second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) and the hydrogen engine (7), and is used for vaporizing liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and then conveying the vaporized liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen engine (7);
the hydrogen liquefying pipeline (8) is sequentially connected with a gas hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), a first hydrogen valve (9), a hydrogen liquefier (10) and a liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath (4) and is used for reliquefying hydrogen evaporated and lost by the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and conveying the hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen bath (4), and supplementing liquid hydrogen loss caused by heat release during operation of the liquid hydrogen pump (3) in the liquid hydrogen bath (4);
the hydrogen pipeline (11) is sequentially connected with a hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath (4), a second hydrogen valve (12), a second channel of the helium heat exchanger (13), a Zhong Zhengqing conversion cold screen (14), a third hydrogen valve (15), a second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) and a hydrogen air fuel cell (17), and is used for converting and preheating the vaporized hydrogen of the liquid hydrogen bath (4) through Zhong Zhengqing and then conveying the vaporized hydrogen to the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) for reaction;
the front end of the air pipeline (18) is connected with a compressor (19), and the rear end of the air pipeline is divided into two branches; the first branch is connected with the hydrogen engine (7) through a first air valve (20), and the second branch is connected with the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) through a second air valve (21) and is used for respectively conveying compressed external air to the hydrogen engine (7) and the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) for reaction;
the high-temperature cooling pipeline (22) is sequentially connected with a high-temperature circulating pump (23), a high-temperature stop valve (24), a first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) and a cooling channel of the hydrogen engine (7) to form a circulating loop, and is used for cooling the hydrogen engine (7) by utilizing the vaporization cold energy of the liquid hydrogen;
the medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25) is sequentially connected with a medium-temperature circulating pump (26), a medium-temperature stop valve (27), a first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) and a cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) to form a circulating loop, and is used for cooling the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) by utilizing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen;
the electric energy generated by the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) is transmitted to the superconducting magnet (29) through a power line (28), so that the magnetic field intensity generated by the superconducting magnet (29) can be regulated and controlled;
a magnetic working medium (33) capable of generating a refrigerating effect under the regulation and control of an external superconducting magnet (29) is arranged in the vacuum heat insulation cabin (34); the helium circulation pipeline (30) is sequentially connected with a driving pump (31), a low-temperature control valve (32), a magnetic working medium (33) and a first channel of the helium heat exchanger (13) to form a circulation loop, and is used for conveying heat generated by the magnetic working medium (33) to hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline (11); the other end of the magnetic working medium (33) is connected with the hydrogen liquefier (10) through a gravity type low-temperature heat pipe (35) and is used for conveying cold energy generated by the magnetic working medium (33) to the hydrogen liquefier (10) so as to liquefy hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier (10).
2. The rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, wherein the helium circulation pipeline (30) is filled with high-pressure helium medium, and start-stop control of heat exchange is achieved by driving the pump (31) and the low-temperature control valve (32).
3. A fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.
4. A fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) effects magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working fluid by supplying pulsed current to the superconducting magnet (29).
5. A fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the superconducting magnet (29) is replaced by a permanent magnet which realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium (33) by spatial position control.
6. A fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that one end of the gravity type low temperature heat pipe (35) is located inside the hydrogen liquefier (10) and serves as an evaporation section, and the other end is located inside the vacuum insulation cabin (34) and serves as a condensation section, and the rest between the two serves as an insulation section.
7. A fast start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the interior of said Zhong Zhengqing reforming cold screen (14) is filled with para-positive hydrogen reforming catalyst.
8. The rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1), the hydrogen liquefying pipeline (8), the hydrogen pipeline (11), the high-temperature cooling pipeline (22), the medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25), the air pipeline (18) and the connecting parts thereof are all provided with heat insulation materials for preventing heat leakage.
9. A method of operating a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system utilizing a rapid start-up as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen into a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and a liquid hydrogen bath (4); opening a liquid hydrogen stop valve (5), starting a liquid hydrogen pump (3), enabling liquid hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) to sequentially flow through the liquid hydrogen pump (3) and the liquid hydrogen stop valve (5) through a liquid hydrogen pipeline (1), then entering a second channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), absorbing heat and entering a hydrogen engine (7) for combustion after vaporization is completed;
s2, opening a first hydrogen valve (9), enabling hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) to enter a hydrogen liquefying pipeline (8), enabling the hydrogen to enter a hydrogen liquefier (10) through the first hydrogen valve (9), cooling the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, and enabling the liquid hydrogen to enter a liquid hydrogen bath (4);
s3, opening the second hydrogen valve (12) and the third hydrogen valve (15), and enabling hydrogen generated by heat release of the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump (3) to enter the hydrogen pipeline (11); in a hydrogen pipeline (11), hydrogen firstly enters a helium heat exchanger (13) to absorb heat released by a high-pressure helium medium, then enters a para-ortho hydrogen conversion cold screen (14) to generate para-ortho hydrogen conversion under the catalysis effect and absorb heat, so that the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) is reduced, then enters a second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) through a third hydrogen valve (15) to release cold energy, and finally enters a hydrogen air fuel cell (17) to react to generate electric energy;
s4, opening a first air valve (20) and a second air valve (21), starting a compressor (19), enabling external air to enter an air pipeline (18) under the action of the compressor (19), and dividing the air into two paths; the compressed air in the first branch is fed into the hydrogen engine (7) through the first air valve (20) to burn to generate kinetic energy, and the compressed air in the second branch is fed into the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) through the second air valve (21) to react to generate electric energy; the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet (29) through a power line (28), so that the regulation and control of the magnetic field intensity are realized;
s5, opening a high-temperature stop valve (24), starting a high-temperature circulating pump (23), enabling a heat exchange medium in a high-temperature cooling pipeline (22) to sequentially enter a first channel of a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) through the high-temperature circulating pump (23) and the high-temperature stop valve (24) to absorb liquid hydrogen vaporization cold energy for cooling, and then entering a cooling pipeline of a hydrogen engine (7) to cool the liquid hydrogen vaporization cold energy and to circulate reciprocally;
s6, opening a medium temperature stop valve (27), starting a medium temperature circulating pump (26), enabling a heat exchange medium in a medium temperature cooling pipeline (25) to sequentially pass through the medium temperature circulating pump (26) and the medium temperature stop valve (27) to enter a first channel of a hydrogen heat exchanger (16) so as to absorb low-temperature hydrogen cooling capacity for cooling, and then entering a cooling pipeline of a hydrogen air fuel cell (17) to cool the hydrogen air fuel cell and perform reciprocating circulation;
s7, in the running process of the system, the magnetic working medium (33) sequentially and circularly carries out isothermal magnetization process, adiabatic demagnetization process, isothermal demagnetization process and adiabatic magnetization process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s71, isothermal magnetization process: starting a low-temperature control valve (32), starting a driving pump (31), starting a high-pressure helium medium to circulate along a helium circulation pipeline (30), increasing the magnetic field of a superconducting magnet (29) by adjusting the output current form of a hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), heating a magnetic working medium (33), releasing heat from the high-pressure helium medium to hydrogen in a second channel of a helium heat exchanger (13), and reducing the entropy of the magnetic working medium (33) at equal temperature;
s72, adiabatic demagnetization: closing the low-temperature control valve (32) and the driving pump (31), stopping circulation of the high-pressure helium medium in the helium circulation pipeline (30), reducing the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), and starting cooling of the magnetic working medium (33) because the magnetic working medium (33) is positioned in the vacuum insulation cabin (34) and is in an insulation state;
s73, isothermal demagnetization: the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is continuously reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen air fuel cell (17), the entropy of the magnetic working medium (33) is increased isothermally, and the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe (35) transmits the cold energy of the magnetic working medium (33) to the hydrogen liquefier (10) so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier (10) is liquefied;
s74, adiabatic magnetization process: the gravity type low-temperature heat pipe (35) is not operated any more, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is increased by adjusting the output current form of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), the isentropic of the magnetic working medium (33) is changed, and the temperature is increased.
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| CN117570361A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-02-20 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen station hydrogenation system with high heat energy utilization rate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117570361A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-02-20 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen station hydrogenation system with high heat energy utilization rate |
| CN117570361B (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-06-07 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen station hydrogenation system with high heat energy utilization rate |
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