CN116930969A - Metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on synthetic aperture radar - Google Patents
Metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on synthetic aperture radar Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
- G01S13/9052—Spotlight mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
- G01S13/9047—Doppler beam sharpening mode
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on a synthetic aperture radar, which belongs to the field of target imaging and detection, adopts a frequency modulation continuous wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system as a detection host, emits a combined waveform of point frequency and linear frequency modulation signals, and equivalent tag design realized based on a metamaterial modulation coding method to point targets with radar detection signal modulation functions. And (3) calculating the modulation frequency of the metamaterial point target by using the echo signals of the point frequency range, constructing a compensation factor, and carrying out two-dimensional modulation compensation on the distance direction and the azimuth direction of the wave number domain imaging algorithm to realize the focusing imaging of the modulation target. The invention can realize imaging and perception of the surrounding environment of the tag while recognizing and positioning the tag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of target imaging and detection, and particularly relates to a metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on a synthetic aperture radar.
Background
The label technology completes information interaction with signal detection of a host through information coding of a label end. On one hand, the unique identification of the tag is realized through information coding, and on the other hand, the discovery and the positioning of the tag are realized through signal detection and communication time delay. By carrying the custom tag, the identification and positioning of people, objects or equipment can be realized, and better guarantee is provided for life, production, management and the like of the human.
In the traditional RFID label technology, a host can accurately identify an individual by reading the coding information of the label, and the method is mature in technology, and the label has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, light weight, but has the problems of insufficient acting distance, poor positioning precision and the like. Another representative technology is ultra wideband wireless communication technology (UWB), which is to complete identification and positioning of a tag through communication between a host and the tag, and has advantages of low power consumption and low cost, but also has disadvantages in positioning accuracy and refresh rate.
The synthetic aperture radar technology can realize long-distance and high-resolution two-dimensional imaging, combines the synthetic aperture radar technology with the tag technology, and is hopeful to realize focusing imaging of an asynchronous modulation tag while realizing long-distance, high-precision and high refresh rate positioning of the tag. Compared with the traditional label technology, the imaging and perception capabilities of the surrounding environment of the label can be greatly improved, and the method has important significance for high-precision positioning and environment perception of the target in the complex scene.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on a synthetic aperture radar, which adopts a frequency modulation continuous wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system as a detection host, emits the combined waveform of point frequency and linear frequency modulation signals, and equivalent the tag design realized based on a metamaterial modulation coding method to be a point target with a radar detection signal modulation function. And (3) calculating the modulation frequency of the metamaterial point target by using the echo signals of the point frequency range, constructing a compensation factor, and carrying out two-dimensional modulation compensation on the distance direction and the azimuth direction of the wave number domain imaging algorithm to realize the focusing imaging of the modulation target.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on a synthetic aperture radar comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing a joint waveform of a point frequency signal and a linear frequency modulation signal;
step 2, after coherent receiving of the echo signals of the linear frequency modulation section, constructing an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag according to a frequency-removing receiving principle;
step 3, transforming the point frequency band echo signals into a two-dimensional frequency domain, and calculating target azimuth modulation frequency according to an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag;
and 4, respectively carrying out distance and azimuth modulation compensation on the linear modulation band echo signals by using the modulation parameters of the metamaterial tag and the target azimuth modulation frequency calculated in the step 3, then realizing global migration correction and azimuth compression by constructing a consistency compressed reference function and Stolt interpolation, and finally obtaining a focusing image result by two-dimensional inverse Fourier change.
The beneficial effects are that:
the method provided by the invention combines the characteristics of the synthetic aperture radar technology and the metamaterial tag modulation, can realize positioning and focusing imaging of the asynchronous modulation tag, and can realize imaging and sensing of the surrounding environment of the tag while recognizing and positioning the tag compared with the traditional tag technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a waveform diagram of a combination of a dot frequency signal and a chirp signal;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for positioning and imaging a metamaterial modulated tag target based on a synthetic aperture radar of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for positioning and imaging a metamaterial tag target based on a synthetic aperture radar comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing a joint waveform of a point frequency signal and a linear frequency modulation signal;
step 2, after coherent receiving of the echo signals of the linear frequency modulation section, constructing an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag according to a frequency-removing receiving principle;
step 3, transforming the point frequency band echo signals into a two-dimensional frequency domain, and calculating target azimuth modulation frequency according to an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag;
and 4, respectively carrying out distance and azimuth modulation compensation on the linear modulation band echo signals by using the modulation parameters of the metamaterial tag and the target azimuth modulation frequency calculated in the step 3, then realizing global migration correction and azimuth compression by constructing a consistency compressed reference function and Stolt interpolation, and finally obtaining a focusing image result by two-dimensional inverse Fourier change.
Specifically, the step 1 includes:
the metamaterial modulation tag has modulation effects in the distance direction and the azimuth direction of SAR echo, and the influence of the modulation effect needs to be eliminated before focusing imaging. The distance modulation effect can be eliminated according to the modulation parameters of the metamaterial modulation tag, and the azimuth modulation effect needs special emission waveform design to extract azimuth modulation parameters. Therefore, the invention designs a combined waveform composed of point frequency and linear frequency modulation, as shown in figure 1, the upper graph is a graph of amplitude change with time, the lower graph is a graph of frequency change with time, and the waveform repetition period isIn one period, the time length of the dot frequency signal is +.>The time length of the chirp signal is +.>，/>Is->The frequency of the point-in-time signal, which also represents the initial frequency of the linear tone segment, +.>Cut-off frequency for linear frequency modulation band, +.>And solving azimuth modulation frequency for the linear frequency by utilizing the point frequency signal echo, and realizing target imaging by utilizing the linear frequency signal.
（1）
Wherein,,for transmitting signals, < >>、/>The amplitudes of the point frequency signal and the linear frequency signal are respectively +.>For carrier frequency, < >>For transmitting signal propagation time,/for transmitting signal>For platform movement time, & gt>For linearly adjusting frequency, < >>Is natural number exp [ []An exponent power operation representing e, j representing an imaginary number,/->Is a point frequency signal distance envelope function,Distance envelope function for chirp signal, rect () is rectangular function (for arbitrary variable +.>If->，/>If->，/>）、Is an azimuth envelope function->For the target viewing angle measured in the oblique plane, for example>For beam width, +.>As a pulse function +.>Is any variable that is not equal to zero.
Specifically, the step 2 includes:
the invention adopts a modulation coding method to realize the tag, which can be equivalent to a point target with the function of modulating radar detection signals, and the modulation frequency is set asThe initial phase of the nth modulated signal is +.>N is a positive integer, and the modulation mode is phase modulation. According to the combined waveform in this step 1, the chirped section echo signal +.>Expressed as:
（2）
wherein,,for echo amplitude parameters->Indicating the time delay of the echo,
for real-time skew of radar and target, the coordinates of the target in the scene are +.>，/>Representing the minimum skew,/->For the target azimuth position->For the movement speed of the platform, the whole time，/>Is strabismus angle>Propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in air.
The transmitting signal is adopted as a local oscillation signal received by declivity, and the intermediate frequency signal after declivity isThe expression is:
（3）
wherein,,is the amplitude parameter of the intermediate frequency signal received for declassification.
Performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the distance direction and the azimuth direction in the formula (3) to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain signal of the receiving intermediate frequency echoThe expression is:
（4）
wherein,,frequency value for characterizing the target distance, +.>Representing the distance of the point object at the time of zero Doppler, < >>For distance to frequency axis variable, < >>Is the azimuth frequency axis variable, +.>Is an amplitude parameter of the two-dimensional frequency domain signal.
For azimuth spectrum envelope, ++>Is minimum diagonal, is->For the movement speed of the platform>For the azimuthal spectral offset caused by the point target modulation, mod is a function of the remainder. Equation (4) shows that the tag modulation signal causes the echo signal to generate +.>Is shifted in the azimuth frequency domain to generate +.>The offset of (c) will cause the imaging process to fail to focus, requiring the offset to be resolved and compensated for before the imaging process can be performed.
Specifically, the step 3 includes:
according to the combined waveform of the step 1, the echo signals of the point frequency signal segments obtained after the declivity receiving are expressed as follows:
（5）
wherein,,for the time-domain form of the deskewed received dot frequency signal,/->The method comprises the steps of receiving a dot frequency signal amplitude parameter for declivity;
performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the echo signals of the point frequency signal segments received by declivity to obtain a two-dimensional spectrum signal theoretical model of the point frequency signals received by declivityThe expression is:
（6）
wherein,,for distance spectrum envelope>The amplitude parameter of the two-dimensional spectrum of the dot frequency signal after declivity receiving is obtained.
As can be seen from the formula (6), the two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the actually received point frequency signal segment echo signals, and the azimuth spectrum offset caused by the metamaterial tag modulation is calculated through the deviation between the two-dimensional spectrum of the actually received point frequency signal segment echo signals and the two-dimensional spectrum signal theoretical model of the point frequency signal segment echo signals obtained after declination reception. Specifically, the step 4 includes:
based on the knowledge ofAnd the resulting->And performing compensation imaging on the linear frequency modulation band.
First, distance modulation compensation factor is builtPerforming distance modulation compensation on the linear frequency modulation band echo signal in the formula (2) to obtain a distance compensated echo signal +.>The expression is:
（7）
compensating equation (7) for residual video phase factorObtaining the echo signal after removing the residual video phase +.>The expression is:
（8）
wherein,,the amplitude factor is represented, which is not considered in subsequent imaging algorithm analysis, since the processing of the signal phase is the most critical in focused imaging.
Focusing imaging by adopting a beam domain algorithm, performing time-frequency conversion on the formula (8) to obtain a time-frequency converted signalThe expression is:
（9）
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting distance wavenumber parameter>Is an azimuth position parameter.
Performing Fourier transform on the formula (9) in the azimuth direction to obtain a two-dimensional space frequency domain signalThe expression is:
（10）
wherein,,represents azimuth wavenumber, in which +.>The azimuth wave number is compensated, and the modulation influence of the azimuth is eliminated.
The last term in equation (10)Doppler shift introduced for intra-pulse motion can be compensated by complex multiplication of the compensation factor +.>Canceling to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain signal after compensating Doppler frequency shift +.>：
（11）
Construction of reference functionsWherein the reference distance->Taking the distance from the radar to the center of the scene, multiplying the reference function by equation (12) to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain signal focused at the reference distance：
（12）
Order theCarrying out the formula (12)Stolt interpolation transformation to obtain transformed signal +.>The expression is:
（13）
wherein,,representing the ordinate after the Stolt interpolation transform.
And finally, carrying out two-dimensional inverse fast Fourier transform (2D-IFFT) on the formula, and obtaining the fully focused two-dimensional image.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method based on the synthetic aperture radar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, constructing a joint waveform of a point frequency signal and a linear frequency modulation signal;
step 2, after coherent receiving of the echo signals in the linear frequency modulation band, constructing an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag according to a frequency-removing receiving principle;
step 3, transforming the point frequency band echo signals into a two-dimensional frequency domain, and calculating target azimuth modulation frequency according to an echo signal model modulated by the metamaterial tag;
and 4, respectively carrying out distance and azimuth modulation compensation on the linear modulation band echo signals by using the modulation parameters of the metamaterial tag and the target azimuth modulation frequency calculated in the step 3, then realizing global migration correction and azimuth compression by constructing a consistency compressed reference function and Stolt interpolation conversion, and finally obtaining a focusing image result by two-dimensional inverse Fourier change.
2. The synthetic aperture radar-based metamaterial tag target positioning and imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the point frequency signal in the step 1 is used for solving a target azimuth modulation frequency, and the chirp signal is used for achieving target imaging.
3. The synthetic aperture radar-based metamaterial tag targeting and imaging method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step 2 comprises:
a modulation coding method is adopted to realize a metamaterial tag, the metamaterial tag is equivalent to a point target with a function of realizing modulation on a radar detection signal, and the modulation mode is phase modulation;
and (3) solving the linear frequency modulation section echo signals by the combined waveform in the step (1), adopting the transmitting signals as local oscillation signals received by declivity, and carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transformation on the distance direction and the azimuth direction to obtain two-dimensional frequency domain signals of the received intermediate frequency echo.
4. A synthetic aperture radar-based metamaterial tag targeting and imaging method as defined in claim 3, wherein said step 3 comprises:
according to the combined waveform of the step 1, performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the point frequency signal segment echo signals obtained after the deskewing reception to obtain a two-dimensional spectrum signal theoretical model of the point frequency signal segment echo signals after the deskewing reception; and carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform on the actually received point frequency signal segment echo signals, and calculating azimuth spectrum offset caused by metamaterial tag modulation through the deviation of the two-dimensional spectrum of the actually received point frequency signal segment echo signals and a two-dimensional spectrum signal theoretical model of the point frequency signal segment echo signals obtained after deskewing.
5. The synthetic aperture radar-based metamaterial tag targeting and imaging method as defined in claim 4, wherein said step 4 includes:
firstly, constructing a distance modulation compensation factor, and performing distance modulation compensation on the linear frequency modulation band echo signals in the step 2 to obtain linear frequency modulation band echo signals after distance compensation;
compensating the residual video phase to obtain a linear tone segment echo signal after the residual video phase is removed;
focusing imaging is carried out by adopting a beam domain algorithm, time-frequency conversion is carried out, and a linear frequency modulation band echo signal after the time-frequency conversion is obtained;
performing Fourier transformation on the azimuth direction, performing azimuth beam frequency offset according to the azimuth spectrum offset calculated in the step 3, and completing azimuth modulation compensation of the metamaterial tag while acquiring a two-dimensional space frequency domain signal;
then, the Doppler frequency shift introduced by the motion in the pulse is offset by complex multiplication of the compensation factor, and a two-dimensional frequency domain signal of the linear frequency modulation band echo signal after the Doppler frequency shift is compensated is obtained;
constructing a reference function to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain signal of a linear frequency modulation band echo signal focused at a reference distance;
global range migration correction and azimuth matched filtering are realized through Stolt interpolation transformation;
and finally, carrying out two-dimensional inverse fast Fourier transform to obtain a fully focused two-dimensional image.
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| CN101111852A (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-01-23 | 伍比克公司 | Rfid system utilizing parametric reflective technology |
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| US20120256730A1 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-11 | Lone Star Ip Holdings, Lp | Interrogator and System Employing the Same |
| CN110187333A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-30 | 天津大学 | A kind of RFID label tag localization method based on synthetic aperture radar technique |
| CN110187344A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 天津大学 | Transmission based on Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar is marked with article recognition positioning method |
| CN110850401A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2020-02-28 | 天津大学 | RFID label positioning method based on motion model and synthetic aperture |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101111852A (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-01-23 | 伍比克公司 | Rfid system utilizing parametric reflective technology |
| JP2009236545A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Mitsubishi Space Software Kk | Image processing apparatus, image processing system, image processing method, and image processing program |
| US20120256730A1 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-11 | Lone Star Ip Holdings, Lp | Interrogator and System Employing the Same |
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