CN116837267A - Method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by spray forming process - Google Patents
Method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by spray forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116837267A CN116837267A CN202111435797.4A CN202111435797A CN116837267A CN 116837267 A CN116837267 A CN 116837267A CN 202111435797 A CN202111435797 A CN 202111435797A CN 116837267 A CN116837267 A CN 116837267A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/003—Moulding by spraying metal on a surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by a spray forming process, which mainly comprises the steps of molten steel smelting and steel ingot deposition, wherein in the molten steel smelting step, intermediate frequency furnace protective slag is added into molten steel of an intermediate frequency furnace to remove oxidizing slag, limestone and fluorite reducing slag are added, silicon calcium particles are added after the components of the molten steel are regulated, the molten steel is transferred into an ESH furnace, limestone and quartz sand are added, inert gas is introduced into the molten steel, the molten steel is transferred into a tundish, tundish protective slag is added, the molten steel is injected into a spray cavity under protective atmosphere, and then sprayed under high-pressure protective atmosphere, and molten steel forms metal droplets and is deposited into steel ingots. The method for preparing the precipitation hardening high-speed steel by adopting the spray forming process adopts various effective protection means to reduce the mixing of harmful impurities, can prevent the increase of the oxygen content of alloy, ensures that the oxygen content of the prepared ingot is less than or equal to 25ppm, and has fine and uniform ingot tissue and excellent comprehensive performance after spray deposition forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of precipitation hardening high-speed steel, in particular to a method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by a spray forming process.
Background
At present, the modern machine tool industry pursues high-speed dry cutting, and the requirements on heat resistance and high-temperature hardness of high-speed steel are higher, so that the cutting performance of the existing high-speed steel needs to be improved, and the blank area between powder high-speed steel and hard alloy is filled by the appearance of precipitation hardening high-speed steel.
Because the precipitation hardening high-speed steel contains higher content of alloy elements, if the steel is prepared by adopting the traditional casting and forging process, the steel is limited by slow cooling solidification speed of molten steel in the process, segregation of alloy components can be generated in the solidification process, an uneven tissue structure is difficult to solve after timely thermal processing treatment, the performance of the material is adversely affected, the precipitation hardening high-speed steel under the traditional process cannot play an advantage, and the requirements of high-end processing and manufacturing industries on the service performance and service life stability of the material are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by an injection molding process, in order to facilitate improving the properties of the prepared precipitation hardening high-speed steel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by spray forming process, comprising the following preparation steps:
step one, smelting molten steel, which comprises the following steps:
a1, adding raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, protecting slag of the intermediate frequency furnace, removing oxidizing slag after molten steel is melted, and adding limestone and fluorite to prepare reducing slag;
b1, adjusting the components of molten steel, adding calcium silicate particles and fully stirring;
c1, transferring the molten steel into an ESH furnace for refining, adding limestone and quartz sand, heating to 1520-1600 ℃, maintaining the superheat degree of the molten steel in the steel ladle at 100-180 ℃, and introducing inert gas into the molten steel to stir the molten steel;
d1, transferring qualified molten steel into a tundish, and adding tundish covering slag;
e1, maintaining the temperature of molten steel at 1500-1570 ℃, ensuring the superheat degree of the molten steel of the tundish to be 80-150 ℃, and enabling the molten steel to enter a spray cavity under protective atmosphere through a tundish leakage hole;
step two, steel ingot deposition, comprising the following steps:
a2, atomizing molten steel into metal droplets by using high-pressure inert gas;
b2, depositing the metal molten drops to form a steel ingot.
In step c1, the refining time of the ESH furnace is more than 100min, and the oxygen content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 30PPm.
Further, in the step a2, the inert gas is nitrogen, the gas purity of the nitrogen is more than or equal to 99.999 percent, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 2ppm.
Further, in the step a2, the inert gas pressure is 5-20 Mpa.
Further, in step b2, the steel ingot is annealed.
Further, the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 45 hours.
Further, in the step b2, when the steel ingot enters an annealing furnace, the temperature of the steel ingot is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the temperature of the surface of the furnace is more than or equal to 800 ℃.
In step d1, molten steel is flowed into a tundish preheated to 800-1200 ℃ at a flow rate of 80-120 Kg/min.
In step a1, the intermediate frequency furnace covering slag adopts limestone; and/or, in the step d1, the tundish protection slag comprises 70-80% SiO by mass percent 2 The balance of Al 2 O 3 。
Further, in step c1, the inert gas is argon.
According to the method for preparing the precipitation hardening high-speed steel by the spray forming process, the contents of oxygen, harmful elements S and inclusions in molten steel can be reduced in the intermediate frequency smelting process, so that intermediate frequency furnace covering slag covers the molten steel, the time of exposing the molten steel in air can be reduced, the risk of increasing the oxygen content in the molten steel is reduced, the slag can filter the molten steel relatively, and the purity of the molten steel is effectively improved.
In addition, the molten steel is refined by an ESH furnace (Electroslag heating furnace, an electroslag heating furnace, hereinafter abbreviated as ESH furnace), and limestone quartz sand is added, so that the content of oxygen and impurities in the molten steel is further reduced. After molten steel enters the tundish, tundish covering slag is added, so that the adsorption effect can be generated on inclusions in the molten steel entering the tundish, and oxygen is isolated.
The method for preparing the precipitation hardening high-speed steel by adopting the spray forming process adopts the steps of molten steel smelting, steel ingot deposition and steel ingot annealing, adopts various effective protection means such as inert gas and the like for full-flow protection in the steel ingot preparation process, can reduce the mixing of harmful impurities, prevent the increase of the oxygen content of alloy, control the gas content and the form of a precipitated phase, optimize the performance of the precipitation hardening steel, and jointly match a plurality of process steps, so that the oxygen content in the spray ingot is less than or equal to 25ppm, the prepared precipitation hardening high-speed steel has the advantages of less inclusion content, tiny and uniform structure, round appearance and excellent comprehensive performance.
Compared with the powder metallurgy process, the method for preparing the precipitation hardening high-speed steel by adopting the injection molding process has the advantages of short flow, simplified working procedures and high deposition efficiency, can effectively reduce the overall production cost, and is not only an advanced blank preparation method, but also a method for directly manufacturing metal parts.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a production facility implementing the method of preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by the spray forming process of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a microstructure view of high-speed steel prepared by the method of preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel using the spray forming process of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. ESH refining slag; 2. molten steel; 3. an ESH furnace; 4. a flow guiding pipe; 5. a tundish; 6. an atomizer; 7. an atomization cone; 8. depositing a blank; 9. a tray; 10. a spray chamber.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The invention relates to a method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by a spray forming process, which mainly comprises the steps of molten steel smelting and steel ingot deposition, wherein in the molten steel smelting step, intermediate frequency furnace protective slag is added into molten steel 2 of an intermediate frequency furnace to remove oxidizing slag, limestone and fluorite are added to produce reducing slag, calcium silicate particles are added after components of the molten steel 2 are regulated, and ESH refining slag 1 is added after the molten steel is transferred into an ESH furnace 3: limestone and quartz sand, inert gas is introduced into the molten steel 2, tundish covering slag is added after the molten steel 2 is transferred into a tundish 5, the molten steel 2 is injected into a spray cavity 10 under protective atmosphere, and the molten steel 2 is atomized into metal droplets by using high-pressure inert gas, and the metal droplets are deposited to form a steel ingot.
The method for preparing the precipitation hardening high-speed steel by adopting the spray forming process adopts a plurality of effective protection means, can reduce the mixing of harmful impurities, prevent the increase of the oxygen content of alloy, and has the advantages that the oxygen content of the prepared ingot is less than or equal to 25ppm, and the ingot obtained after spray deposition forming has fine and uniform structure and excellent comprehensive performance.
The method of preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by the spray forming process of the present invention is performed in a high-speed steel production facility as shown in fig. 1. For a better understanding of the present embodiment, the specific structure of the production apparatus will be described with reference to fig. 1.
In fig. 1, the ESH furnace 3 is of a conventional structure, the bottom of the ladle is provided with an immersed flow guide pipe 4, that is, the upper end of the flow guide pipe 4 is in sealing connection with a liquid outlet at the bottom of the ESH furnace 3, the lower end of the flow guide pipe 4 is communicated with a liquid inlet at the top of a tundish 5, the lower end of the flow guide pipe 4 is preferably inserted into the tundish 5, the bottom of the tundish 5 is provided with an atomizer 6, and the atomizer can spray molten steel 2 into the spray cavity 10.
For convenient use, the flow guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve to control the flow of the molten steel 2 conveniently. The production equipment is characterized in that the bottom of the ESH furnace 3 is provided with the flow guide pipe 4, so that the flow guide effect on the molten steel 2 is realized, turbulent flow in the circulation process of the molten steel 2 can be prevented, slag can be effectively prevented, and impurities can be effectively prevented from entering the next link.
In actual production, after the raw materials for preparing precipitation hardening steel are smelted in an intermediate frequency furnace for the first time, the molten steel 2 is transferred into an ESH furnace 3 for refining, ESH refining slag is covered on the upper surface of the molten steel 2, the ESH refining slag is electrified and heated, after the molten steel 2 reaches the overheat temperature, the molten steel 2 can flow into a tundish 5 through a flow guide pipe 4 at the bottom of a ladle, the tundish 5 is continuously compensated and heated, so that the molten steel 2 maintains the proper overheat temperature, the molten steel 2 can be sprayed into a spray cavity 10 through an atomizer 6 arranged at the bottom of the tundish 5, a valve for introducing high-pressure inert gas into the spray cavity 10 is opened, the molten steel 2 is broken into liquid drops under the impact of the high-pressure inert gas, the liquid drops are mixed with gas to form an atomization cone 7, the atomized liquid drops are rapidly cooled, and the atomized liquid drops fly and are settled to a tray 9 at the bottom of the spray cavity 10, and a complete deposition blank 8 is deposited.
Examples
The method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by the spray forming process of the embodiment comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, smelting molten steel, which comprises the following steps:
a1, selecting a precipitation hardening high-speed steel, wherein the components are as follows: c:0.07%; si:0.6%; mn:0.2%; co:20.0%; w:0.01%; mo:18.0%; (mo+w/2): 18.0%; the balance being iron and impurities. And (3) adding qualified raw materials subjected to component design into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, wherein the loading capacity of molten steel 2 is 3t-3.5t, and in the embodiment, 3t.
Adding intermediate frequency furnace covering slag to cover molten steel 2, in this embodiment, the intermediate frequency furnace covering slag preferably adopts limestone, so that oxidation of molten steel 2 can be effectively prevented, the oxidizing slag is removed after molten steel 2 is cleared, and then limestone and fluorite are added to make reducing slag, wherein the limestone is calculated by weight: the fluorite is 4:1, wherein the addition amount of limestone is preferably 55-65kg, in the embodiment 60kg, and the addition amount of fluorite is 15kg, and the slag system can effectively remove S in the molten steel 2.
b1, calculating the required addition amount of the molten steel 2 alloy according to the detection result of the molten steel 2 component, adding the alloy to adjust the molten steel 2 component, and adding a deoxidizer on the surface of the molten steel 2 to carry out diffusion deoxidization. The deoxidizer is preferably calcium silicate particles, and the calcium silicate particles are added in two batches, and the total addition amount is 3.5-4.5kg, so that the deoxidizer can effectively deoxidize, and the gas content in the molten steel 2 can be effectively controlled.
In the embodiment, the total addition amount of the silicon-calcium particles is 4kg, the addition amount of each time is 2kg, the reducing slag is kept to be white slag and is fully stirred, the alloy is prevented from being oxidized, and the molten steel 2 is prevented from being oxygenated in the process of being transferred into the ESH furnace 3.
c1, transferring all molten steel 2 with qualified components and temperature into an ESH furnace 3, wherein the capacity of the ESH furnace 3 is 3t, and adding limestone and quartz sand, wherein the limestone and the quartz sand are as follows by weight: 4:1, wherein the addition amount of limestone is preferably 55-65kg, in this example 60kg, and the addition amount of quartz sand is 15kg.
3.5-4.5kg of silicon-calcium particles are added on the surface of the molten steel 2 in two batches for deoxidation, and the adding amount of the silicon-calcium particles in the embodiment is 4kg. The slag system has lower melting point, stronger fluidity and stronger adsorption effect on impurities.
In this step, the graphite electrode is electrified to heat the limestone and the quartz sand, so that the operation is favorable for dissolving slag system and removing impurities, and CO can be produced by electrode oxidation, so that a reducing atmosphere can be formed on the surface of the molten steel 2, oxygen is further isolated, and the oxidation of the molten steel 2 is further effectively prevented.
And the ESH furnace 3 is powered to heat, the temperature is raised to 1520-1600 ℃, the superheat degree of the molten steel 2 in the ladle is maintained at 100-180 ℃, and the superheat degree of the molten steel 2 in the tundish 5 can be ensured. Argon is introduced into the bottom of the ESH furnace 3 to stir the molten steel 2, and after refining is finished, sampling is carried out to detect the components of the molten steel 2 and the content of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the molten steel 2.
In the step, the added limestone and quartz sand are used as the protective slag, and the protective slag has the functions of deoxidization, adsorption inclusion and conductive heating; argon is introduced into the bottom of the steel ladle through the air holes, so that the temperature of molten steel 2 at different positions in the steel ladle can be quickly balanced, and meanwhile, the removal of harmful impurities is accelerated.
In the step, the refining time of the molten steel 2 in the ESH furnace 3 is more than 100min, preferably 100-120min, and in the embodiment, the refining time is 120min, so that the oxygen content in the molten steel 2 is ensured to be within 30PPm, thereby being beneficial to promoting the floating of inclusions and improving the purity of the molten steel 2 and the purity of the injection ingot.
d1, passing the qualified molten steel 2 through a flow guide pipe 4 at the bottom of a ladle, and flowing into a tundish 5 preheated to 800-1200 ℃ at a flow rate of 80-120 Kg/min, wherein the capacity of the tundish 5 is 100Kg, and the capacity of the tundish 5 is preferably 100 Kg.
In the step, the flow guide pipe 4 can enable the molten steel 2 and slag phase to flow into the tundish 5 at a high flow rate, so that the molten steel 2 can be prevented from being exposed to air, and the oxygen content of the molten steel 2 can be prevented from being increased; the tundish 5 is preheated before the molten steel 2 enters the tundish 5, so that the molten steel 2 can be prevented from being locally coagulated when entering the tundish 5.
When the molten steel 2 in the tundish 5 submerges the lower port of the flow guiding pipe 4, adding tundish covering slag on the surface of the molten steel 2, wherein the slag quantity is based on covering the surface of the molten steel 2, and the tundish covering slag preferably comprises the following components by mass percent70-80% SiO by percentage 2 The balance of Al 2 O 3 The tundish protection slag in the embodiment comprises 75% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，25％Al 2 O 3 。
The tundish covering slag is premelted slag, can keep good fluidity on the surface of the molten steel 2, effectively isolate air and prevent the oxygen content in the molten steel 2 from increasing; in addition, the premelting slag can also play a role in preserving heat of the molten steel 2, effectively prevent the heat loss of the molten steel 2, and further adsorb various residual impurities in the molten steel 2.
And e1, monitoring the temperature of the molten steel 2 in the tundish 5 in real time, continuously carrying out compensation heating on the tundish 5, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel 2 at 1500-1570 ℃, maintaining the superheat degree of the molten steel 2 in the tundish 5 at 80-150 ℃, and ensuring that the molten steel 2 smoothly enters the injection cavity 10 under the protective atmosphere through the leakage hole of the tundish 5.
Step two, steel ingot deposition, comprising the following steps:
and a2, after the molten steel 2 enters a spray cavity 10 in a protective atmosphere through a tundish 5, atomizing the molten steel 2 in a molten state into metal droplets with the granularity of 10-200 mu m by using high-pressure nitrogen.
In the step, before molten steel 2 flows into the injection cavity 10, inert gas is introduced into the injection cavity 10 to discharge air, nitrogen is adopted as the inert gas, the gas purity is more than or equal to 99.999 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 2ppm, the pressure of the atomized nitrogen in the injection cavity 10 is controlled to be 5-20 Mpa, so that the oxygen content in the deposition blank 8 can be prevented from rising, and meanwhile, the high-pressure gas can enable the molten steel 2 to be rapidly atomized into tiny molten drops.
b2, spraying the metal molten drop to the deposition surface under the action of inert gas, wherein the spraying speed is preferably 280-320m/s, and can be 290 m/s, 300m/s or 310m/s. The step utilizes the heat exchange between atomized molten steel liquid drops and nitrogen with large specific surface area in the flight process, the temperature of the molten steel liquid drops is rapidly reduced, more than 60 percent (volume fraction) of the molten steel liquid drops are converted into solid phase when reaching the deposition surface, and the cooling speed can reach 103-104K/s. Carbide in molten steel is not precipitated in the rapid cooling process, carbide with larger size is difficult to form, the components of metal materials are uniform, the internal structure of steel is macroscopically uniform, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 25ppm.
It should be noted that the deposition surface should be rotated and lowered at a constant speed while spraying, the height of the deposition surface is adjusted in real time during spraying, the good state of the deposition surface is ensured, and the metal droplets are deposited into a complete steel ingot in a semi-solidification state through the processes of adhesion, deformation, fusion, solidification, accumulation and the like.
In the step, the temperature of the molten steel 2 in the step e1 is controlled, so that the temperature of a deposition surface is guaranteed, carbide of the injection ingot is uniform and fine, defects such as shrinkage holes of the injection ingot can be reduced, and the density of the injection ingot is improved.
And c2, annealing the injection molding steel ingot, wherein the annealing process meets the requirements of steel ingot components and dimensions. In this step, the annealing temperature is controlled to 800-1000 ℃, for example, it may be 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃ or 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 45 hours, and it is preferably controlled to 45-50 hours. In the step, when the steel ingot is initially fed into the annealing furnace, the temperature of the steel ingot is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the temperature of the surface of the furnace is more than or equal to 800 ℃.
And detecting the ingot obtained after injection molding after annealing, wherein the oxygen content is 20.1ppm, and the liquid oxygen content of the steel in the preparation process is less than or equal to 25ppm. The prepared ingot has fine structure after thermal deformation processing, the volume fraction of mu phase is 16.33%, the mu phase granularity of 80% volume fraction is less than or equal to 1.5 μm, and the maximum size is not more than 7.5 μm, as shown in figure 2. The ingot has excellent comprehensive performance, after solution treatment at 1190 ℃ and aging treatment at 600 ℃, the hardness reaches 64HRC, the notch-free impact toughness is 10.0J, and the requirement of high-speed cutting on materials is met.
Comparative example 1: the same raw materials as in the examples and the same process parameters are used, except that limestone and fluorite are not added in step a1 to produce reducing slag.
Comparative example 2: the same raw materials as in the examples and the same process parameters are used, except that no calcium silicate particles are added in step b 1.
Comparative example 3: the same raw materials as in the examples, the process parameters are mostly the same, except that no limestone or quartz sand is added in step c 1.
Comparative example 4: the same raw materials as in the examples and the same process parameters are used, except that no inert gas is introduced for stirring in step c 1.
Comparative example 5: the same raw materials as in the embodiment and the same process parameters are adopted, and the difference is that in the step a2, inert gas is not introduced into the injection cavity 10 to discharge air before the molten steel 2 enters the injection cavity.
The parameters and properties of the high speed steels prepared in the examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table:
in summary, it can be seen that the high-speed steel prepared by the method of the invention has more excellent properties.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by an injection molding process, comprising the following preparation steps:
step one, smelting molten steel, which comprises the following steps:
a1, adding raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, adding intermediate frequency furnace covering slag, removing oxidizing slag after molten steel is melted, and then adding limestone and fluorite to make reducing slag;
b1, adjusting the components of molten steel, adding calcium silicate particles and fully stirring;
c1, transferring the molten steel into an ESH furnace for refining, adding limestone and quartz sand, heating to 1520-1600 ℃, maintaining the superheat degree of the molten steel in the steel ladle at 100-180 ℃, and introducing inert gas into the molten steel to stir the molten steel;
d1, transferring qualified molten steel into a tundish, and adding tundish covering slag;
e1, maintaining the temperature of molten steel at 1500-1570 ℃, ensuring the superheat degree of the molten steel of the tundish to be 80-150 ℃, and enabling the molten steel to enter a spray cavity under protective atmosphere through a tundish leakage hole;
step two, steel ingot deposition, comprising the following steps:
a2, atomizing molten steel into metal droplets by using high-pressure inert gas;
b2, depositing the metal molten drops to form a steel ingot.
2. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step c1, the refining time of the ESH furnace is more than 100min, and the oxygen content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 30ppm.
3. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step a2, the inert gas is nitrogen, the gas purity of the nitrogen is more than or equal to 99.999 percent, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 2ppm.
4. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and a2, wherein the pressure of the inert gas is 5-20 Mpa.
5. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step b2, the steel ingot is annealed.
6. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 5, wherein:
the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 45h.
7. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 5, wherein:
in the step b2, when the steel ingot enters an annealing furnace, the temperature of the steel ingot is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the temperature of the furnace surface is more than or equal to 800 ℃.
8. A method of preparing precipitation hardening high speed steel by a spray forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step d1, molten steel flows into a tundish preheated to 800-1200 ℃ at a flow rate of 80-120 Kg/min.
9. Method for producing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by means of a spray forming process according to any of the claims 1-8, characterized in that:
in the step a1, limestone is adopted as the intermediate frequency furnace covering slag; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
in the step d1, the tundish protection slag comprises 70-80% SiO by mass percent 2 The balance of Al 2 O 3 。
10. Method for producing precipitation hardening high-speed steel by means of a spray forming process according to any of the claims 1-8, characterized in that:
in step c1, the inert gas is argon.
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