CN116836527A - 能够生物降解的薄膜 - Google Patents
能够生物降解的薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116836527A CN116836527A CN202310748414.1A CN202310748414A CN116836527A CN 116836527 A CN116836527 A CN 116836527A CN 202310748414 A CN202310748414 A CN 202310748414A CN 116836527 A CN116836527 A CN 116836527A
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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Abstract
所示和所说明的是含有10至50重量%的组分A和50至90重量%的组分B的薄膜,其基于组分A和B的总和,其中组分A选自可由开环聚合得到并且玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于‑30℃的聚合物,组分B选自热塑性脂肪族共聚酯及其混合物,其中薄膜的总厚度为1至200μm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种薄膜及其生产方法。此外,本发明涉及聚合物共混物用于生产薄膜的用途。此外,本发明涉及运输袋。
背景技术
塑料废物对海洋的污染是一个已知数十年,但仍未解决的问题。特别是对于海洋中的动物来说,塑料是一个大问题。动物被大塑料部件困住,并将无法消化的小塑料部件与食物混淆。特别小的塑料部件,即所谓的微塑料,被动物通过进食吸收,最终进入人类食物链。
在海洋中发现的大部分塑料部件来自塑料提包(“塑料袋”),例如日常生活中使用、例如购物的塑料袋。术语“塑料(Kunststoff)”和“塑料(Plastik)”作为同义词使用。
塑料产品的回收、可持续利用和海洋的清洁是有助于减少海洋中塑料数量的方法。但最安全和最可持续的解决方案是生产在海洋中存在的自然条件下生物降解的塑料产品。
天然海水(盐水)中塑料产品的生物降解比堆肥等活性介质或在更高温度下,如在工业堆肥设备中高温下的生物降解时间更久且更麻烦。一方面,堆肥具有特别高浓度的参与降解的微生物。另一方面,工业堆肥设备具有精确控制的条件(例如,温度,氧浓度),其确保堆肥的最佳生物降解。因此,对在海洋自然条件下生物降解的塑料产品的需求远高于其他降解条件。
此外,塑料产品不仅必须在海洋的自然条件下具有良好的生物降解性,还必须具有应用特定的机械性能。由此,由塑料制成的运输袋必须具有足够的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率,以便在日常生活中常规使用。只有这样才能将其视为传统的,不可生物降解的塑料产品的替代品。
(a)一方面塑料薄膜在海水中的良好生物降解性和(b)另一方面塑料薄膜的良好机械性能的组合在实践中证明是非常困难的。目前试图调和薄膜这两个看似矛盾的特性的方案只取得了有限成果。
EP 2 913 362 A1描述了一种包含聚羟基脂肪酸酯和聚丙交酯的薄膜,其在微生物环境中具有改善的生物降解性,同时具有良好的储存稳定性,强度和柔韧性。然而,生物降解并未针对天然海水中特别苛刻的降解条件进行优化。
EP 1 008 629 A1描述了一种可生物降解的聚酯树脂,其包含100重量份的脂肪族聚酯树脂和1-200重量份的聚己内酯。从这种聚合物混合物可以生产各种不同的可生物降解的产品。然而,生物降解性未根据天然海水中特别苛刻的降解条件进行调整。
所说明的薄膜中没有一个解决了海水中生物降解的特殊挑战的问题,并且同时具有令人满意的机械性能。
发明内容
从上述现有技术出发,本发明的目的是提供一种在海水中具有非常好的生物降解性并同时具有优异机械性能的薄膜。优选地,将薄膜引入海水中之后,在薄膜(部件)开始生物降解为二氧化碳和水的同时、之前或之后,应分解成较小的颗粒。本发明的目的还在于提供一种特别适用于生产运输袋的薄膜。
这些目的全部或部分地通过权利要求1中所述的薄膜,权利要求27中所述的用途,权利要求30中所述的产品和权利要求33中所述的方法来实现。
本发明的有利设计在从属权利要求中给出,并且在下面与总的发明构思一起详细说明。
根据本发明的薄膜的特征在于,基于组分A和B的总和,其含有10至50重量%的组分A和50至90重量%的组分B,其中组分A选自包括由开环聚合得到的、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-30℃的聚合物构成的组,组分B选自由热塑性脂肪族共聚酯及其混合物构成的组,该薄膜的总厚度为1至200μm。
令人惊奇的是,已经表明,根据本发明的薄膜具有优异的机械性能,例如高抗拉强度和/或高断裂伸长率以及天然海水中非常好的生物降解性。
与科学理论无关,本发明的令人惊讶的效果似乎是由于组分A和B的组合的特定性质。需要进行广泛的实验研究以找到组分A和B的合适组分和比例。当将为组分A和B所定义的聚合物以外的聚合物结合在一起时,由其制成的薄膜缺乏机械性能或薄膜在海水中的生物降解性不足。此外,对于海水中的生物降解性和薄膜的机械性能来说,选择组分A和B的正确比例是必不可少的。
优选地,该薄膜具有以下机械性能中的至少一种:
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率。
上述机械性能优选根据EN ISO 527-3:2003-07确定。
有利的是,在引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTMD6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%,和/或在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的至少30%转化为二氧化碳。
根据符合ASTM D6691-09的受控的测试条件,在盐水中的降解测量优选在厚度为1至100μm,尤其为10到40μm,更优选厚度为约20μm的薄膜上进行。
根据一个优选的实施方案,基于组分A和B的总和,该薄膜含有10至50重量%的组分A和50至90重量%的组分B,其中,其中组分A选自可由开环聚合得到并且玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-30℃的聚合物,组分B选自热塑性脂肪族共聚酯及其混合物,其中薄膜的总厚度为1至200μm,并且具有以下机械性能:
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
并且其中在引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTMD6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%,和/或在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的至少30%转化为二氧化碳。
根据本发明的薄膜含有组分A,该组分选自可由开环聚合获得并且玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-30℃的聚合物。
确定玻璃化转变温度的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。例如,玻璃化转变温度可通过动态差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)测定。如果聚合物样品经受规定的加热/冷却程序,则玻璃化转变温度可以认为是DSC图中一个阶段。
对于测量,通常使用由加热-冷却-加热循环组成的温度程序。在该温度程序中,样品可首先在预设的起始温度下平衡2至5分钟。在该第一平衡阶段之后,将样品以恒定的加热速率加热至预设的第一目标温度。通常,使用10℃/min的加热速率。在第一目标温度下,可以将样品重新平衡2至5分钟,然后以恒定的冷却速率冷却至预设的第二目标温度。通常,使用10℃/min的冷却速率。在第二目标温度下,所述样品可再次平衡2至5分钟,然后以恒定的加热速率达到预先设定的第三目标温度,样品可以在该温度下保持2至5分钟,然后测量终止。通常,加热速率与第一加热阶段相同,例如10℃/min。第一和第三目标温度可以相同或不同,并且初始温度和第二目标温度可以相同或不同。
尤其将DSC的第二加热步骤的阶段的中点温度Tmg视为玻璃化转变温度,其中测量的加热和冷却速率分别为10℃/min,并且温度端点上的平衡时间分别为2分钟。中点温度Tmg例如在教科书《塑料的热分析的实践》(“Praxis der Thermischen Analyse vonKunststoffen”),Gottfried W.Ehrenstein,Gabriela Riedel,Pia Trawiel,第2版,CarlHanser出版社,慕尼黑2003,第9页中定义。
当在此或其他地方提及可通过开环聚合获得的聚合物时,其是指这样的聚合物,其中环状单体的链聚合产生聚合物。环状单体可以优选为环状酯,环状醚,环状酰胺和/或环状烯烃。单体的链聚合可以优选催化和/或加热进行。用于开环聚合的催化剂可以是醇和/或二醇。
优选地,组分A的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-40℃,更优选低于-50℃,特别优选低于-55℃。根据本发明的另一个有利的实施方案,组分A是聚酯。当组分A是聚酯时,其可以优选通过环酯,即内酯的开环聚合得到。
根据本发明的一个特别有利的实施方案,聚己内酯用作组分A。当在此或其他地方提及聚己内酯时,其特别是指聚ε-己内酯。聚ε-己内酯可通过ε-己内酯的开环聚合获得。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,组分A的数均分子量MW为60000至120000g/mol,优选70000g/mol至90000g/mol。
除组分A外,该薄膜还含有至少一种其它组分B。根据本发明,组分B选自热塑性脂肪族共聚酯及其混合物。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案,组分B的热塑性脂肪族共聚酯的每个单体单元的碳原子数n为4至10。特别优选的是每个单体单元的碳原子数n为4至8,更优选为4至6的热塑性脂肪族共聚酯。
根据本发明的另一个优选的实施方案,组分B选自下列聚酯的组:聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV),聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-己酸酯)(PHBH),聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)(PBSA),及其混合物。聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-己酸酯)和/或聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)特别优选用作组分B。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,组分B由热塑性脂肪族聚酯组成。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,组分B由几种不同的热塑性脂族聚酯组成,尤其是由两种或三种不同的热塑性脂族聚酯组成。
用作组分B的聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-己酸酯)具有分别基于PHBH的总量的5至15摩尔%,优选为7至13摩尔%或10至13摩尔%的3-羟基己酸酯摩尔分数时,取得了特别好的结果。
有利地,根据组分B的热塑性脂肪族共聚酯的数均分子量MW为70000至1500000g/mol,优选90000至1000000g/mol,优选为100000至800000g/mol,更优选为100000至700000g/mol,更优选100000至600000g/mol。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-己酸酯)为根据本发明的薄膜的组分B的部分组分或唯一组分,其中聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-己酸酯)的数均分子量优选为100000至1500000g/mol,优选200000至1000000g/mol,更优选为300000至800000g/mol,特别优选为400000至700000g/mol,非常特别优选500000至600000g/mol。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)为根据本发明的薄膜的组分B的部分组分或唯一组分,其中聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)的数均分子量优选为50000至500000g/mol,更优选70000至400000g/mol,特别优选90000至300000g/mol,非常特别优选100000至200000g/mol。
除组分A和B外,根据本发明的薄膜还可含有其它聚合物组分。除了组分A和B,根据本发明的薄膜尤其可以含有聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯(PBAT)或聚(癸二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯)(PBST)或其混合物。
根据一个实施方案,薄膜包含0.1至30重量%,优选1至25重量%,优选3至20重量%,更优选4%至15%,特别优选为5至12重量%的聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)和/或聚(癸二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯)(PBST)。根据另一个实施方案,薄膜具有15至25重量%,优选为17至23重量%,特别优选为18至22重量%的聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯)和/或聚(癸二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯)(PBST)。
作为其他组分,根据本发明的薄膜含有0.1至20重量%,优选为2至18重量%,更优选5至15重量%,特别优选8至12重量%的淀粉。
根据本发明,热塑性淀粉,变性淀粉和/或淀粉衍生物可以用作淀粉。优选地,可以使用热塑性淀粉。
对于许多应用来说有利的是,薄膜的总厚度为5至200μm,优选10至80μm,更优选15至60μm。该薄膜以不同厚度适用于生产不同产品。所提及的厚度的薄膜特别适用于生产日常使用的提包和运输袋。
本发明薄膜的机械性能和生物降解性极大地由组分A和B的比例决定。
本发明的膜含有10至50重量%的组分A,基于组分A和B的总和。根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案,薄膜包括20至40重量%,优选为25至40重量%,更优选25至35重量%,特别优选28至32重量%的组分A,基于组分A和B的总和。
根据本发明的薄膜包含50至90重量%的组分B,基于组分A和B的总和。根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,薄膜包括60至80重量%,优选为60至75重量%,更优选65至75重量%,特别优选68至72重量%的组分B,基于组分A和B的总和。
如果在此处或其他地方提及组分B,则该组分B可以由一种化合物和/或几种化合物组成。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,组分B由单一化合物组成。在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,组分B由几种不同的化合物组成,尤其是由两种或三种不同的化合物组成。
本发明的薄膜的特征在于优异的机械性能,这使得其可用于运输袋中。
由此,根据本发明的薄膜在干燥状态下,根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD,机械方向)上优选具有至少100%的断裂伸长率。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)的断裂伸长率为至少150%,优选至少200%,优选至少300%,特别优选至少400%。
此外,根据本发明的薄膜在干燥状态下,根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD,transverse direction,横向)上优选具有至少100%的断裂伸长率。在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,根据EN ISO 527,相对于挤出方向(TD)的断裂伸长率为至少150%,优选至少200%,优选至少300%,特别优选至少400%。
此外,根据EN ISO 527,根据本发明的薄膜处于干燥状态优选在挤出方向(MD)上具有至少15MPa的拉伸强度。根据本发明的优选实施方案,在干燥状态下的薄膜在挤出方向(MD)上的拉伸强度为至少20MPa,优选至少25MPa,特别优选至少30MPa。
此外,根据EN ISO 527,根据本发明的薄膜处于干燥状态横向于挤出方向(TD)的拉伸强度优选为至少15MPa。根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,薄膜在干燥状态下在横向于挤出方向(TD)中的抗拉强度为至少20MPa,优选至少25MPa,特别优选至少30MPa。
有利地,根据ASTM D1709的方法,薄膜在干燥状态下具有至少4g/μm的落锤冲击强度值,优选至少5g/μm,更优选至少6g/μm。
根据本发明的薄膜的特征不仅在于其优异的机械性能,而且在于非常好的生物降解性和在盐水中的快速分解。
因此,在将根据本发明的薄膜引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,在将根据本发明的薄膜引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大20重量%,优选至多10重量%的原始干重。
这里,术语盐水是指根据ASTM D6691-09方法的7.5.2点的天然海水介质。
在此处或其他地方,如果提到,ASTM D6691-09方法,是指在2009年11月15日发行的版本,题为“利用规定的微生物联合体或自然海水培养液测定塑料材料在海洋环境中有氧生物降解的标准测试方法”(“Standard Test Method for Determining AerobicBiodegradation of Plastic Materials in the Marine Environment by a DefinedMicrobial Consortium or Natural Sea Water Inoculum”)。
根据本发明的薄膜在盐水中具有优异的生物降解性。根据方法ASTM D6691-09,根据本发明的薄膜的有机碳的至少30%优选地在b薄膜引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180内后转化为二氧化碳。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的优选至少40%,特别优选至少50%在薄膜引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内转化为二氧化碳。这里的术语盐水是指根据ASTM D6691-09方法的7.5.2点的天然海水介质。
根据本发明的薄膜的生物降解不仅在海水的自然条件下特别高效。在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,根据方法DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2012,在活性降解的条件下,在180天内,薄膜的有机碳的优选至少70%,更优选至少80%,更优选至少90%转化为二氧化碳。
海水中薄膜的生物降解通常分两步进行,其可同时或在不同时间进行。一方面,根据本发明的薄膜在海水中分解成较小的部分(“碎裂”)。另一方面,塑料部件通过微生物转化为二氧化碳和水而在分子水平上以生物的方式降解(“生物降解”)。通常情况下,但不一定,“碎裂”步骤在“生物降解”步骤之前开始。
本发明的膜可以形成为单层或多层薄膜。优选地,根据本发明的薄膜形成为单层薄膜,因为单层薄膜可以特别简单和廉价地制造,并且被进一步加工成运输包装袋。然而,根据本发明的薄膜还可以包含一个或多个相同或不同的其他层。多层薄膜的各个层可以例如在其组成和厚度方面彼此不同。
除了所提及的成分之外,根据本发明的薄膜还可以含有其他成分。
根据本发明的薄膜还可例如含有增塑剂。增塑剂的例子是甘油,山梨糖醇,阿拉伯糖,Lycose,木糖,葡萄糖,果糖,甘露糖,阿洛糖,阿卓糖,半乳糖,古洛糖,Iodose,肌醇,山梨糖,塔罗糖醇和其单乙氧基化物、单丙氧基化物及单醋酸酯衍生物以及乙烯,乙二醇,丙二醇,乙烯二甘醇,丙烯甘醇,乙烯三甘醇,丙烯三甘醇,聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,2-,1,3-,1,4-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,1,6-,1,5-己二醇,1,2,6-,1,3,5-己三醇,新戊二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,山梨糖醇和其乙酸酯、乙氧基化物、丙氧基化物衍生物及其混合物。
优选地,根据本发明的薄膜不含重均分子量为500至5000g/mol的低聚物酯化合物,尤其不含以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(1,3-丁二醇-共-1,2-丙二醇己二酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(新戊二醇-共-1,4-丁二醇己二酸),未封端的聚(1,3-丁二醇己二酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(1,2-丙二醇己二酸-邻苯二甲酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(新戊基乙二酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(1,2-丙二醇己二酸-共-邻苯二甲酸),以混合脂肪酸封端的聚(1,3-丁二醇己二酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(1,2-丙二醇己二酸),以2-乙基己醇封端的聚(1,2-丙二醇-共聚-1,4-丁二醇己二酸),聚(1,4-丁二醇己二酸)或聚(1,4-丁二醇-共-乙二醇己二酸),其重均分子量分别为500至5000g/mol。
此外,根据本发明的薄膜可以含有分散助剂,例如,洗涤剂,熔体稳定剂,加工助剂,稳定剂,抗氧化剂,抗剥落剂,抗粘连剂,填料和/或添加剂。
另外,根据本发明的薄膜可另外包含其它聚合物,如聚乙二醇,聚乙烯醇,壳多糖,脱乙酰壳多糖,纤维素,纤维素衍生物,聚酯,聚二甲基丙烯酸酯,以及其混合物。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案,根据本发明的薄膜含有一种或多种填料和/或一种或多种崩解剂。取决于填料和/或崩解剂的类型和量,可以影响根据本发明的薄膜的崩解速率。
用于此目的的优选填料选自碳酸钙,滑石,高岭土,白云石,云母,硅酸及其混合物。
崩解剂是本领域技术人员已知的。用于此目的的优选的崩解剂选自碳酸氢钠,藻酸,藻酸钙,藻酸钠,微晶纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,淀粉,羧甲基淀粉钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和其混合物。淀粉可以是天然淀粉或变性淀粉。
本发明还涉及包含组分A和组分B的聚合物共混物用于制备薄膜的用途,该薄膜具有1至200μm的总厚度和至少一种下列机械性能:
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据EN ISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
-根据EN ISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率。
并且其中,薄膜在引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTMD6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%,和/或其中在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的至少30%转化为二氧化碳。
对于根据本发明的用途的组分A和B,对于根据本发明的薄膜的组分A和B所作的陈述分别相应适用。此外,聚合物共混物可含有一种或多种上述成分。
优选地,聚合物共混物含有10至50重量%,尤其是20至40重量%,25至40重量%,25至35重量%或28至32重量%的组分A,其基于组分A和B的总和。此外,聚合物共混物优选含有50至90重量%,尤其是60至80重量%,60至75重量%,65至75重量%或68至72重量%的组分B,其基于组分A和B的总和。
本发明还涉及用根据本发明的薄膜生产或可生产的产品。
特别重要的是由根据本发明的薄膜生产或可生产的运输袋。根据本发明的薄膜适用于生产任何类型的运输袋,包括提包,水果袋,蔬菜袋,轻T恤袋和超轻T恤袋。
根据应用目的,不同类型的运输袋可具有不同的重量。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,例如,根据本发明的运输袋的重量优选为1-90g,更优选为2-50g或特别优选为20-40g。特别适用于其他应用的是根据本发明重量优选为1至10g,更优选为1.5至5g的运输袋。
最后,本发明还涉及制备薄膜的方法。根据本发明的用于制备薄膜的方法包括至少以下步骤:
a.提供包含组分A和组分B的聚合物共混物;
b.将根据步骤a的聚合物共混物形成薄膜。
根据步骤b形成薄膜的合适方法是本领域技术人员熟知的并且通常包括挤出步骤(尤其是共挤出步骤)和/或层压步骤。
对于根据本发明的方法的组分A和B来说,对于根据本发明的薄膜的组分A和B所作的陈述分别相应适用。此外,聚合物共混物可含有一种或多种上述成分。
优选地,聚合物共混物含有10至50重量%,尤其是20至40重量%,25至40重量%,25至35重量%或28至32重量%的组分A,其基于组分A和B的总和。此外,聚合物共混物优选含有50至90重量%,尤其是60至80重量%,60至75重量%,65至75重量%或68至72重量%的组分B,其基于组分A和B的总和。
具体实施方式
下面参考示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明。
示例
对于对比实例和实施例,使用以下材料:聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-己二酸酯),PBSA(BioPBS FD92PM,PTT MCC Biochem Company Limited);聚己内酯,PCL(Capa 6800,Perstorp);聚(羟基丁酸酯-共-己酸酯),PHBH(AONILEX 151N,KANEKA);芥酸酰胺(LOXIOLE SPEZ P,Emery Oleochemicals)。
例1:
使用Coperion ZSK 40型双螺杆挤出机(双轴螺杆捏合机),螺杆直径40mm,L/D=42,用表1中给出的配方A制备聚合物共混物并加工成颗粒(添加比例以质量百分比计):
表1:配方A
化合物 | 量 |
PCL | 29.7 |
PBSA | 69.3 |
Loxiol | 1 |
其中保持以下混料参数:
表2:温度情况(双螺杆挤出机ZSK 40)
由所生产的颗粒制备吹塑薄膜。为此,将颗粒A采用KABRA型单螺杆挤出机,螺杆直径65mm,L/D=23,熔融并加工成吹塑薄膜。
为了研究薄膜在水中的耐久性,将薄膜样品夹紧在框架中并置于天然海水中。目视观察薄膜的分解。表3记录了薄膜在海水中72天的时间窗口内的相对分解。
表3:从颗粒A获得的薄膜的相对分解
注:
值 | 含义 |
1 | 薄膜完整 |
2 | 分解可见 |
3 | 进一步分解 |
4 | 薄膜完全分解 |
另外,检查膜的机械性能。在Tinius Olsen万能试验机H10KS上测量抗拉强度和断裂伸长率。为了确定薄膜厚度,使用来自Wolf Messtechnik的精密厚度计DM 2000。测量结果列于表4中。
表4:薄膜的机械性能
从表3和表4中可以看出,该薄膜具有用作运输袋的优异的机械性能,以及在海水中异常快速地分解。在海水中约一个月后,薄膜几乎完全分解(表3,第二行)。
例2:
使用Coperion ZSK 40型双螺杆挤出机(双轴螺杆捏合机),螺杆直径40mm,L/D=42,用表5中给出的配方B制备聚合物共混物并加工成颗粒(添加比例以质量百分比计):
表5:配方B
化合物 | 量 |
PCL | 29.7 |
PHBH | 69.3 |
Loxiol | 1 |
其中保持以下混料参数:
表6:温度情况(双螺杆挤出机ZSK 40)
由所生产的颗粒制备吹塑薄膜。为此,将颗粒B采用KABRA型单螺杆挤出机,螺杆直径65mm,L/D=23,熔融并加工成吹塑薄膜。
检查薄膜的机械性能。用与实施例1相同的装置进行测量。测量结果列于表7。
表7:薄膜的机械性能
从表7中可以看出,该薄膜具有可用作运输袋的优异的机械性能。
例3:
使用Coperion ZSK 40型双螺杆挤出机(双轴螺杆捏合机),螺杆直径40mm,L/D=42,用表8中给出的配方C制备聚合物共混物并加工成颗粒(添加比例以质量百分比计):
表8:配方C
化合物 | 量 |
PCL | 19.8 |
PHBH | 19.8 |
PBSA | 59.4 |
Loxiol | 1 |
其中保持以下混料参数:
表9:温度情况(双螺杆挤出机ZSK 40)
由生产的颗粒制备吹塑薄膜。为此目的,使用Collin 30单螺杆挤出机(DR.COLLIN),螺杆直径30mm,L/D=33熔化颗粒C,并加工成吹塑薄膜。
检查薄膜的机械性能。用与实施例1相同的装置进行测量。测量结果列于表10。
表10:薄膜的机械性能
从表10中可以看出,该薄膜具有可用作运输袋的优异的机械性能。
Claims (37)
1.一种薄膜,含有10至50重量%的组分A和50至90重量%的组分B,基于组分A和B的总和,
其中组分A选自由开环聚合得到并且玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-30℃的聚合物,
组分B选自热塑性脂肪族共聚酯及其混合物,
其中所述薄膜的总厚度为1至200μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜具有以下机械性能中的至少一种:
-根据ENISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据ENISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据ENISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
-根据ENISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的薄膜,其特征在于,在引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,所述薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%,和/或在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的至少30%转化为二氧化碳。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分A的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于-40℃,更优选低于-50℃,特别优选低于-55℃。
5.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分A是聚酯。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分A是聚己内酯。
7.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分A的数均分子量为60000至120000g/mol,特别是70000g/mol至90000g/mol。
8.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分B选自热塑性脂肪族共聚酯,其每个单体单元的碳原子数为n,其中n为4至10,4至8或者4至6。
9.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分B选自聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯),聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-己酸酯),聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)及其混合物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,组分B为聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-己酸酯)和/或聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)。
11.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据组分B的热塑性脂肪族共聚酯的数均分子量为70000至1500000g/mol,90000至1000000g/mol,100000至800000g/mol,100000至700000g/mol,或者100000至600000g/mol。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的薄膜,其特征在于,聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-己酸酯)的数均分子量为100000至1500000g/mol,200000至1000000g/mol,300000至800000g/mol,400000至700000g/mol,或者500000至600000g/mol。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的薄膜,其特征在于,聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-琥珀酸酯)的数均分子量为50000至500000g/mol,70000至400000g/mol,90000至300000g/mol,或者100000至200000g/mol。
14.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,薄膜包含0.1至30重量%,1至25重量%,3至20重量%,4%至15%,5至12重量%,15至25重量%,17至23重量%或者18至22重量%的聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯),基于总重。
15.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,薄膜包含0.1至30重量%,1至25重量%,3至20重量%,4%至15%,5至12重量%,15至25重量%,17至23重量%或者18至22重量%的聚(癸二酸丁二醇酯-共-对苯二甲酸酯),基于总重。
16.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜含有0.1至20重量%,2至18重量%,5至15重量%,或者8至12重量%的淀粉,特别是热塑性淀粉,基于总重。
17.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜的总厚度为5至200μm,10至80μm,或者15至60μm。
18.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜包括20至40重量%,25至40重量%,25至35重量%,或者28至32重量%的组分A,基于组分A和B的总和。
19.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜包括60至80重量%,60至75重量%,65至75重量%,或者68至72重量%的组分B,基于组分A和B的总和。
20.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据EN ISO 527,在干燥状态下的薄膜在挤出方向(MD)上的拉伸强度为至少20MPa,尤其至少25MPa。
21.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据EN ISO 527,在干燥状态下的薄膜在横向于挤出方向(TD)上的拉伸强度为至少20MPa,尤其至少25MPa。
22.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据EN ISO 527,所述薄膜在挤出方向(MD)的断裂伸长率为至少200%,至少300%,或者至少400%。
23.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据EN ISO 527,所述薄膜在干燥状态下在横向于挤出方向(TD)的断裂伸长率为至少200%,至少300%,或者至少400%。
24.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,所述薄膜的有机碳至少40%,特别至少50%转化为二氧化碳。
25.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,在将所述薄膜引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大20重量%,尤其至多10%重量的原始干重。
26.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的薄膜,其特征在于,根据方法DIN ENISO14855-1:2012,在活性降解的条件下,在180天内,所述薄膜的有机碳至少70%,至少80%,或者至少90%转化为二氧化碳。
27.包含组分A和组分B的聚合物共混物用于制备薄膜的用途,所述薄膜具有1至200μm的总厚度和至少一种下列机械性能:
-根据ENISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据ENISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为15MPa的抗拉强度;
-根据ENISO 527,在挤出方向(MD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率;
-根据ENISO 527,在横向于挤出方向(TD)中,干燥状态下至少为100%的断裂伸长率。
并且其中,在引入盐水中在控制的测试条件下12周的时间后,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜在过筛通过具有2.0mm的网眼宽度的筛后具有原始干重的最大30重量%,和/或其中在引入到盐水中在30±2℃的温度下180天内,根据方法ASTM D6691-09,薄膜的有机碳的至少30%转化为二氧化碳。
28.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其特征在于,组分A如在权利要求1或4至7中任意一项所定义的,和/或组分B如在权利要求1或8至13中任意一项所定义的。
29.根据权利要求27或28所述的用途,其特征在于,聚合物共混物含有10至50重量%,尤其是20至40重量%,25至40重量%,25至35重量%或28至32重量%的组分A,其基于组分A和B的总和,和/或所述聚合物共混物含有50至90重量%,尤其是60至80重量%,60至75重量%,65至75重量%或68至72重量%的组分B,其基于组分A和B的总和。
30.包含根据权利要求1至26中任意一项所述的薄膜的运输袋。
31.根据权利要求30所述的运输袋,其特征在于,所述运输袋选自提包,水果袋,蔬菜袋,轻T恤袋和超轻T恤袋。
32.根据权利要求30或31所述的运输袋,其特征在于,运输袋的重量为1至90g,2至50g,20至40g,1至10g,或者1.5至5g。
33.用于制备根据权利要求1至26中任意一项所述的薄膜的方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
a.提供包含组分A和组分B的聚合物共混物;
b.将根据步骤a的聚合物共混物形成薄膜。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括共挤出步骤。
35.根据权利要求33或34所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括层压步骤。
36.根据权利要求33至35中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,组分A如在权利要求1或4至7中任意一项所定义的,和/或组分B如在权利要求1或8至13中任意一项所定义的。
37.根据权利要求33至36中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,聚合物共混物含有10至50重量%,尤其是20至40重量%,25至40重量%,25至35重量%或28至32重量%的组分A,其基于组分A和B的总和,和/或所述聚合物共混物含有50至90重量%,尤其是60至80重量%,60至75重量%,65至75重量%或68至72重量%的组分B,其基于组分A和B的总和。
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DE102014017015A1 (de) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-19 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Biologisch abbaubare Mehrschichtfolie |
DE102017003340A1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Biologisch abbaubare Folie |
EP3778233B1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2024-10-02 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Biodegradable laminate |
JP7552198B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2024-09-18 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | フィルム |
CN110564122B (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-02-22 | 天津科技大学 | 一种可降解抗菌薄膜及其制备 |
FR3107667A1 (fr) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-03 | Melchior Material And Life Science France | Doses unitaires pour la liberation d’une formulation aqueuse |
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JPH0662839B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-14 | 1994-08-17 | 工業技術院長 | 微生物分解性プラスチック成形物及びその製造方法 |
US5939467A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1999-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
GB9223350D0 (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1992-12-23 | Ici Plc | Polymer composition |
DE69831009T2 (de) * | 1997-10-31 | 2006-04-20 | Metabolix, Inc., Cambridge | Polyhydroxyalkanoate enthaltende polymermischungen und zusammensetzungen mit guter beständigkeit der dehnung |
JPH11335913A (ja) * | 1998-05-30 | 1999-12-07 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 生分解性使い捨て手袋 |
US20020094444A1 (en) * | 1998-05-30 | 2002-07-18 | Koji Nakata | Biodegradable polyester resin composition, biodisintegrable resin composition, and molded objects of these |
JP3276604B2 (ja) | 1998-06-05 | 2002-04-22 | 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 磁気浮上式鉄道の推進コイルき電回路 |
JP2002047402A (ja) | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-12 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 生分解性農業用マルチフィルム |
JP4660035B2 (ja) | 2000-09-28 | 2011-03-30 | 三井化学東セロ株式会社 | 脂肪族ポリエステル組成物、それからなるフィルム及びその積層体 |
ITTO20010059A1 (it) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-07-25 | Novamont Spa | Miscele ternarie di poliesteri alifatici biodegradabili e prodotti daqueste ottenuti. |
US7077994B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2006-07-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer/starch compositions for laminates and films |
CN1615380A (zh) * | 2001-12-14 | 2005-05-11 | 宝洁公司 | 利用高挤出率纺丝的高伸长、低旦纤维 |
EP1491585B1 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2011-05-18 | Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc. | Heat-shrinkable polylactic acid film |
JP3759530B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-03-29 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 生分解性フィルム |
SG11201506376UA (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2015-09-29 | Us Pacific Nonwovens Industry Ltd | Biodegradable film and laminate |
PL2984138T3 (pl) * | 2013-04-10 | 2018-02-28 | Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kompozycja polimerowa |
WO2015059709A1 (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-30 | Tipa Corp. Ltd | Biodegradable sheet |
DE102014017015A1 (de) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-19 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Biologisch abbaubare Mehrschichtfolie |
JP2017222791A (ja) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリ−3−ヒドロキシアルカノエート系樹脂組成物および成形体 |
DE102017003340A1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Biologisch abbaubare Folie |
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DE202017107113U1 (de) | 2018-01-11 |
CN110446754B (zh) | 2023-07-25 |
ES2981556T3 (es) | 2024-10-09 |
EP3606999C0 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
EP4450564A2 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
CA3154233A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
EP3606999A1 (de) | 2020-02-12 |
US20200056037A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
WO2018184897A1 (de) | 2018-10-11 |
US11952489B2 (en) | 2024-04-09 |
EP3606999B1 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
CA3058954C (en) | 2023-10-24 |
JP7110228B2 (ja) | 2022-08-01 |
JP2020525557A (ja) | 2020-08-27 |
DE102017003340A1 (de) | 2018-10-11 |
CA3154233C (en) | 2024-04-23 |
HRP20240852T1 (hr) | 2024-09-27 |
PL3606999T3 (pl) | 2024-08-05 |
HUE066969T2 (hu) | 2024-09-28 |
CN110446754A (zh) | 2019-11-12 |
CA3058954A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
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