CN116815096A - Aluminum alloy system coating thermoforming part and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy system coating thermoforming part and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018191 Al—Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009369 Zn Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of hot stamping forming, in particular to a hot forming part of an aluminum alloy system coating and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel; finishing the aluminum alloy system coating steel, controlling the roughness of a finishing roller and the elongation of the finishing, and then carrying out withdrawal straightening, coiling, uncoiling and blanking to obtain an aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank; and performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank, controlling the technological parameters of the heat treatment, then stamping, and controlling the surface roughness of a stamping die to obtain the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part. The application solves the technical problem that the paint film of the existing aluminum alloy system coating thermoforming part has poor adhesive force.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of hot stamping forming, in particular to a hot forming part of an aluminum alloy system coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hot stamping forming technology utilizes the characteristics of increased plasticity and reduced forming resistance of the steel plate at high temperature, and after the steel plate blank with lower initial strength is heated at high temperature, the steel plate blank is rapidly stamped and formed in a die with a cooling system, and quenched and cooled, so that an ultrahigh-strength hot stamping component can be obtained, and the problems of easiness in cracking, serious rebound and the like of the steel plate in cold forming can be well solved.
At present, in consideration of the problem that a hot stamping member without a coating layer generates a large amount of surface oxide skin during heating, an aluminum alloy coating layer with excellent corrosion resistance is coated on the surface of a steel plate. However, the surface of the material of the aluminum alloy coating layer cannot be subjected to normal phosphating after thermoforming, the adhesive force of a paint film after electrophoresis is completely ensured by virtue of high roughness of the coating, and the adhesive force of the paint film of the aluminum silicon coating layer cannot meet the use risk. In addition, the coating of such aluminum alloy systems is very hard and brittle, and sometimes it cracks and peels off in powder form, and excessive thickness and thinness affect the corrosion resistance of the coating as a whole, so that the reduction of corrosion resistance after painting is of concern. In addition, the brittleness of the aluminum alloy is high in the polishing process, so that microcracks are easily generated, and the corrosion resistance is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an aluminum alloy system coating thermoforming part and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problem of poor paint film adhesion of the existing aluminum alloy system coating thermoforming part.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a plated thermoformed part of an aluminum alloy system, the method comprising:
carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel;
finishing the aluminum alloy system coating steel, controlling the roughness of a finishing roller and the elongation of the finishing, and then carrying out withdrawal straightening, coiling, uncoiling and blanking to obtain an aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank;
and performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank, controlling the technological parameters of the heat treatment, performing hot stamping, and controlling the surface roughness of a stamping die to obtain the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part.
Optionally, the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution comprise:
si, fe, mn, cr, ti and Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Si is 7-12%, the content of Fe is 1-3%,
and satisfies the following relation: mn+Cr+Ti is 0.05% or less and 0.15% or less,
wherein [ Cr ] represents the weight of Cr, [ Mn ] represents the weight of Mn, and [ Ti ] represents the weight of Ti.
Optionally, the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution further comprise:
zn and/or Mg; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Zn is 0-20%, and the content of Mg is 0-1%.
Optionally, the roughness of the finishing roller is 3.0-5.0 μm, and the elongation of the finishing roller is 0.5% -1.5%.
Optionally, the method according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the heat treatment comprise: heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time; wherein,,
the heat treatment temperature is 900-960 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 3-8 min.
Optionally, the surface roughness of the stamping die is more than or equal to 1.6 mu m.
Optionally, the deformation temperature of the stamping is more than or equal to 700 ℃.
Optionally, carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating system on the steel substrate by using aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel; wherein, the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is controlled; in terms of mass fraction, the total mass fraction,
the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is 1.3-4%.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part includes: a steel substrate and an aluminum alloy system coating attached to at least a portion of a surface of the steel substrate; wherein,,
the aluminum alloy system coating comprises: an Al-Fe interdiffusion layer adjacent to the steel substrate and an Al-Fe-Si alloy plating layer on the Al-Fe interdiffusion layer; wherein,,
the average value of the total thickness of the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating is 15-50 mu m,
the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating comprises an intermetallic compound phase of Al and an alloy layer of Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
20-60% of the intermetallic compound phase of Al has an average thickness of 10-40 μm, and 0-20% of the alloy layer of Al has an average thickness of 2-15 μm;
the average roughness Ra of the surface of the aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed part is 1.5-2.5 mu m, the average difference of the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.35, the height Rt of peak height and peak valley is 10-25 mu m, and the average difference of Rt is less than 5.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy system plating layer thermoforming part, provided by the embodiment of the application, the paint film adhesion of the thermoforming part is ensured by the rugged structure of the surface, namely, the roughness of the thermoforming part has an important influence on the paint film adhesion. According to the method, the roughness of the part is improved by adjusting the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, the technological parameters of heat treatment and the surface roughness of the stamping die, so that the paint film adhesive force of the thermoformed part is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a hot formed part with a coating of an aluminum alloy system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic morphology diagram of a plated steel sheet blank of an aluminum alloy system provided in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic morphology of a plated thermoformed part of the aluminum alloy system provided in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic morphology diagram of a plated steel sheet blank of an aluminum alloy system provided in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic morphology of a plated thermoformed part of the aluminum alloy system provided in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 6 shows the electrophoretic phosphating film formation condition after different cleaning modes are adopted for the hot forming part of the plating layer of the aluminum alloy system provided in the embodiment 1 of the application;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the coating of an aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part according to example 1;
fig. 8 is a microscopic morphology of a plated thermoformed part of the aluminum alloy system provided in comparative example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Various embodiments of the application may exist in a range of forms; it should be understood that the description in a range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of the application; it is therefore to be understood that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and individual values within that range. For example, it should be considered that a description of a range from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, wherever applicable. In addition, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it is meant to include any reference number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.
In the present application, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used specifically to refer to the orientation of the drawing in the figures. In addition, in the description of the present specification, the terms "include", "comprising" and the like mean "including but not limited to". Relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Herein, "and/or" describing an association relationship of an association object means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, may mean: a alone, a and B together, and B alone. Wherein A, B may be singular or plural. Herein, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one", "at least one" or the like refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, "at least one (individual) of a, b, or c," or "at least one (individual) of a, b, and c," may each represent: a, b, c, a-b (i.e., a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or multiple, respectively.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present application are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
In the embodiment of the application, the aluminum plating layer comprises an aluminum-rich phase and an aluminum-silicon phase, and in the heating process, aluminum in the plating layer diffuses to the substrate layer, and meanwhile, iron in the substrate layer diffuses to the aluminum plating layer to form Fe 2 SiAl 8 The formation of new phases results in a significant increase in surface roughness, and as the iron and aluminum further diffuse, an Fe-Al alloy phase is formed, resulting in a decrease in surface roughness. Since the silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide generated by surface oxidation cannot react with the phosphating solution, i.e. a normal phosphating film cannot be formed, the paint film adhesion of the thermoformed part is ensured completely by the rugged structure of the surface, i.e. the roughness of the thermoformed part has an important influence on the paint film adhesion. The application provides a hot forming part with a coating of an aluminum alloy system and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a hot formed part of a plating layer of an aluminum alloy system, referring to fig. 1, the method comprising:
s1, carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel;
in some embodiments, the aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath comprises the chemical composition:
si, fe, mn, cr, ti and Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Si is 7-12%, the content of Fe is 1-3%,
and satisfies the following relation: mn+Cr+Ti is 0.05% or less and 0.15% or less,
wherein [ Cr ] represents the weight of Cr, [ Mn ] represents the weight of Mn, and [ Ti ] represents the weight of Ti.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effects of controlling the chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution are as follows: the aluminum alloy plating layer has excellent corrosion resistance, wherein aluminum has a higher melting point, and can enable the aluminum silicon plating layer and the matrix to be mutually diffused rapidly at a high temperature, so that intermetallic compounds Fe-Al phase and Fe-Al-Si phase with high melting point are formed, and therefore, the problem that a large amount of surface oxide skin is generated in the heating process of a hot stamping component without the plating layer can be well solved, the service life of a die is prolonged, and the production efficiency is improved.
The Mn element can prevent the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, so that the recrystallization temperature can be increased, and recrystallized grains can be significantly refined. Cr element can form (CrFe) Al in aluminum 7 And (CrMn) Al 12 And intermetallic compounds, thus being capable of preventing nucleation and growth process of recrystallization and finally improving toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy coating. The Ti element can form TiAl with aluminum 2 The phase becomes a non-spontaneous core when crystallizing, thereby improving the grain coarsening problem of the aluminum-silicon alloy coating. Mn/Cr/Ti is added to facilitate the refinement of the plating layer so as to improve the corrosion resistance.
However, too low Si content tends to form explosive structures (the reaction of iron and aluminum is severe, the alloy layer forms dendrites, and the deformability is poor), thereby affecting the performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy coating, while too high Si content affects the subsequent coating performance. In the embodiment of the application, when the Si content is more than 12%, the roughness of the obtained hot stamped member is too small to be suitable for coating. If the Mn and Cr contents are too low, the grain size and toughness effects are not favorably improved, and if the Mn and Cr contents are too high, the melting point of the molten aluminum is easily raised, and the aluminum slag is increased, thereby being disadvantageous in that the hot dip plating efficiency and corrosion resistance are lowered. Specifically, the Si content may be 7%, 10%, 12%, etc., the Fe content may be 1%, 2%, 3%, etc., and the [ Mn ] + ] Cr ] + [ Ti ] may be 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, etc.
In some embodiments, the aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath further comprises:
zn and/or Mg; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Zn is 0-20%, and the content of Mg is 0-1%.
The positive effects of controlling the Zn content to be 0-20% and the Mg content to be 0-1%: the zinc element provides about cathodic protection, and the Mg combines with the silicon element to form Mg 2 The Si phase forms a protective phase providing corrosion resistance. Specifically, the content of Zn may be 20%, 10%, 5%, etc., and the content of Zn may be 1%, 0.5%, etc.
In the hot dip plating process, the average weight per side of the coating of the aluminum alloy system is 30 to 100g/m 2 。
In some embodiments, hot dip aluminizing a steel substrate with an aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath and controlling the chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath to obtain an aluminum alloy system plated steel, comprising:
carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel; wherein, the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is controlled; in terms of mass fraction, the total mass fraction,
the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is 1.3-4%.
The positive effect of controlling the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical components of the steel matrix to be 1.3-4 percent: cr and Mn are favorable for improving the hardenability of the substrate, the design requirement of the strength of the substrate is met, meanwhile, the substrate is inevitably corroded and dissolved in the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution due to the higher temperature of the aluminum-silicon pot in the hot dip plating process, so that the higher Cr+Mn element can lead the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution and the substrate to form a concentration gradient, the corrosion and the dissolution of the substrate are relieved, and meanwhile, the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution is ensured to be more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Mn+Cr+Ti without adding Cr and Mn elements additionally. Specifically, the total content of Cr and Mn may be 1.3%, 2.0%, 4.0%, etc., and preferably, the total content of Cr and Mn may be controlled to be 1.5% -2%.
In the embodiment of the application, the steel matrix comprises the following chemical components: C. si, mn, P, S, al, B, C, fe, and at least one of the following chemical components: ti, nb, V; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
0.05 to 0.4 percent of C, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Si, 0.8 to 3 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Al, 0.0005 to 0.1 percent of B, 0.15 to 3 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Nb and 0.01 to 0.15 percent of V;
and satisfies the following relation: 1.3 percent or less of [ Cr ] + [ Mn ] < 4 percent, 0.03 percent or less of [ Ti ] + [ Nb ] + [ V ] < 0.30 percent,
wherein [ Cr ] represents the weight of Cr, [ Mn ] represents the weight of Mn, [ Ti ] represents the weight of Ti, [ Nb ] represents the weight of Nb, and [ V ] represents the weight of V.
S2, finishing the aluminum alloy system coating steel, controlling the roughness of a finishing roller and the elongation of the finishing roller, and then carrying out withdrawal straightening, coiling, uncoiling and blanking to obtain an aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank;
in some embodiments, the smooth roll has a roughness of 3.0 to 5.0 μm and the smooth elongation is 0.5% to 1.5%.
Controlling the roughness of the finishing roller to be 3.0-5.0 mu m, wherein the elongation of the finishing roller is 0.5% -1.5%: the surface roughness Ra of the plate is 0.5-2.0 mu m, and the peak count Rpc of the surface roughness of the plate is 60-150; the higher roughness and RPc value of the finishing roller are beneficial to controlling the surface quality, and can be transmitted to the thermoformed part, so that the surface roughness of the part is ensured; by using the finishing procedure, the surface morphology with large roughness can be obtained, and the risk of microcrack occurrence of the plating layer can be reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance. Specifically, the roughness of the finishing roller may be 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, etc., and the elongation of the finishing may be 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, etc.
S3, performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank, controlling the technological parameters of the heat treatment, performing hot stamping, and controlling the surface roughness of the stamping die to obtain the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part.
In some embodiments, the method of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the heat treatment comprise: heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time; wherein,,
the heat treatment temperature is 900-960 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 3-8 min.
The above-mentioned thermoformed part is heated and kept warm by placing the blank in a heating furnace in the heat treatment step of the manufacturing process, including not only a box-type furnace or a tunnel roller hearth furnace, but also dry air or nitrogen gas as the atmosphere in the heating furnace. The positive effects of controlling the heat treatment temperature to 900-960 ℃ and the heat treatment time to 3-8 min are that: ensuring the roughness of the finished product and ensuring a sufficient austenitization degree. When the temperature is too high, cracks are likely to occur, and the corrosion resistance of the molded part after coating is lowered. The heat treatment time is too long, the proportion of the surface iron-aluminum alloy is increased, and the roughness is reduced. Specifically, the heat treatment temperature may be 900, 930, 960 ℃, and the heat treatment time may be 3, 5, 8min, etc.
Alternative embodiments of the heat treatment process: in the heating process of blank heating, the heating rate is not more than 10 ℃/s in the range of 650-850 ℃, the blank is kept in a furnace temperature furnace area of 650-850 ℃ for 1-5min for alloying, then the blank is kept at the furnace temperature of 900-960 ℃ for 4-8min. The heating speed is limited or alloying is carried out, so that Fe element can enter the coating at a lower temperature, the melting point of the coating is improved, and the heating efficiency at a high temperature is improved.
In some embodiments, the stamping die has a surface roughness of 1.6 μm or more. In addition, rpc is not less than 50.
The positive effect of controlling the surface roughness of the stamping die to be more than or equal to 1.6 mu m is that: the high-roughness copying is realized in the pressure maintaining process. Specifically, the surface roughness of the press mold may be 1.6 μm, 1.8 μm, 2.0 μm, or the like.
In some embodiments, the deformation temperature of the stamping is ≡700 ℃.
The positive effect of controlling the deformation temperature of stamping to be more than or equal to 700℃ is that: can effectively reduce the forming resistance and reduce the cracking risk of the plating layer. Specifically, the deformation temperature of the press may be 700 ℃, 720 ℃, 740 ℃, or the like.
The stamping step comprises the following steps: transferring the heat-treated blank into a die within 3-15s, wherein the hot stamping deformation temperature is more than or equal to 700 ℃; the pressure of the pressure maintaining is more than or equal to 8MPa during stamping, and the pressure maintaining time is more than 5s; after the die is opened, the temperature of the part is less than or equal to 160 ℃.
The average roughness Ra of the surface of the thermal forming part finally prepared by the application is 1.5-2.5 mu m, the average difference of the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.35, the height Rt of peak height and peak valley is 10-25 mu m, and the average difference of Rt is less than 5, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of the problems affecting the surface appearance quality such as surface concave-convex or bulge. The yield strength of the hot formed part is 350-1400 MPa, the tensile strength is 500-2100 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4%; when the parts are used for coating the automobile structural part along with the white automobile body, the yield strength is 400-1600 MPa, the tensile strength is 450-1900 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 5%. After the thermal forming part is coated, the cup-shaped protrusion (6 mm, paint film has no cracking or falling phenomenon) performance meets the requirements; the paint has good water resistance (soaking for 500 h), no bubbling and rust spot phenomenon, and the adhesion of a paint film after soaking is 0 grade. Suitable for automotive safety parts, for example: front/rear door impact beams, bumpers, A/B pillar reinforcement plates, channels in floors, and other safety structures.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part comprises: a steel substrate and an aluminum alloy system coating attached to at least a portion of a surface of the steel substrate; wherein,,
the aluminum alloy system coating comprises: an Al-Fe interdiffusion layer adjacent to the steel substrate and an Al-Fe-Si alloy plating layer on the Al-Fe interdiffusion layer; wherein,,
the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating comprises an intermetallic compound phase of Al and an alloy layer of Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the average value of the total thickness of the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating is 15-50 mu m,
the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating comprises an intermetallic compound phase of Al and an alloy layer of Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
20-60% of the intermetallic compound phase of Al has an average thickness of 10-40 μm, and 0-20% of the alloy layer of Al has an average thickness of 2-15 μm;
the average roughness Ra of the surface of the aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed part is 1.5-2.5 mu m, the average difference of the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.35, the height Rt of peak height and peak valley is 10-25 mu m, and the average difference of Rt is less than 5.
The content of Si in the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating is 2-8%, the content of Si in the inter-diffusion layer is less than or equal to 2%, and the ratio of the thickness of the diffusion layer to the total thickness of the coating is less than or equal to 0.4.
The aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part is realized based on the preparation method of the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part, and specific steps of the preparation method of the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part can refer to the embodiment, and because the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part adopts part or all of the technical schemes of the embodiment, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiment are provided, and the detailed description is omitted.
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental procedures, which are not specified in the following examples, are generally determined according to national standards. If the corresponding national standard does not exist, the method is carried out according to the general international standard, the conventional condition or the condition recommended by the manufacturer.
The application provides a preparation method of a coating thermoforming part of an aluminum alloy system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel;
s2, finishing the aluminum alloy system coating steel, controlling the roughness of a finishing roller and the elongation of the finishing roller, and then carrying out withdrawal straightening, coiling, uncoiling and blanking to obtain an aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank;
s3, performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank, controlling the technological parameters of the heat treatment, performing hot stamping, and controlling the surface roughness of the stamping die to obtain the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part.
Specifically, see table 1 for chemical composition (wt%) of the steel matrix of the aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; table 2 chemical composition (wt%) of aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution; table 3 preparation process parameters of the aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part; table 4 other process parameters for stamping.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of steel matrix of aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed parts, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities
TABLE 2 chemical composition (wt.%) of aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution
| Sequence number | Si | Mn | Cr | Ti | Fe | Zn | Mg |
| Example 1 | 8.5 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 2.1 | - | - |
| Example 2 | 8.4 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 2.2 | - | - |
| Example 3 | 9 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 2.1 | 10 | 0.1 |
| Example 4 | 8.8 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 2.2 | - | - |
| Example 5 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 2.4 | - | 0.2 |
| Example 6 | 8 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 2.1 | 5 | 0.5 |
| Example 7 | 8.4 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 2.1 | - | - |
| Comparative example 1 | 6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 3.1 | - | - |
| Comparative example 2 | 11.8 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 1.9 | - | - |
Table 3 preparation process parameters of aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed parts
TABLE 4 other process parameters for stamping
TABLE 5 plating thickness of aluminum alloy system plating plate and component properties after hot pressing
Note that: meets the standard requirement x does not meet the standard requirement
In the embodiment of the application, FIG. 2 is a microscopic morphology diagram of a plated steel sheet blank of an aluminum alloy system provided in the embodiment 1 of the application, the plating weight is 30g/m 2 The heat treatment is mainly divided into an Fe-Al alloy layer close to the matrix and an outer aluminum-rich layer; FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a part after thermoforming according to example 1 of the present application, wherein the total thickness of the coating is about 25 microns, the thickness of the inner Fe-Al based alloy layer is about 8-10 microns, and the thickness of the Al-Fe-Si alloy compound layer is 15-17 microns; FIG. 4 is a microscopic morphology diagram of a plated steel sheet blank of an aluminum alloy system according to example 2 of the present application, the plating weight being 75g/m 2/ side, the heat treatment is mainly divided into an Fe-Al alloy layer close to the matrix and an outer aluminum-rich layer; FIG. 5 is a graph of the microstructure of a part after thermoforming according to example 2 of the present application, the total thickness of the layers being about 34 microns, the thickness of the inner Fe-Al based alloy layer being about 5-8 microns, the Al-Fe-Si alloy compound layer being 25-29 microns; FIG. 6 shows the electrophoretic phosphating film formation condition after different cleaning modes are adopted for the hot forming part of the plating layer of the aluminum alloy system provided in the embodiment 1 of the application; it can be seen that the AlSiFe coating is not effective in forming a phosphate film; FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the coating of an aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part according to example 1; after the surface roughness and the coating structure are ensured, the adhesive force of a coating film meets the use requirement; fig. 8 is a microscopic morphology of a plated thermoformed part of the aluminum alloy system provided in comparative example 1 of the present application. The plating layer exceeds 100g/m 2 And/side, which causes the coating to be too thick and easily causes surface layer cracking in the subsequent finishing process, thereby affecting the coating performance and corrosion resistance.
By the methods of tables 1 to 5 and the accompanying explanation, the aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed parts with better paint film adhesion can be prepared by using the examples of the method of the application, while the paint film adhesion of the aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed parts of the comparative examples does not meet the standard requirements.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the application to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a plated thermoformed part of an aluminum alloy system, the method comprising:
carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel;
finishing the aluminum alloy system coating steel, controlling the roughness of a finishing roller and the elongation of the finishing, and then carrying out withdrawal straightening, coiling, uncoiling and blanking to obtain an aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank;
and performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy system coating steel plate blank, controlling the technological parameters of the heat treatment, then stamping, and controlling the surface roughness of a stamping die to obtain the aluminum alloy system coating hot-formed part.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath comprises:
si, fe, mn, cr, ti and Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Si is 7-12%, the content of Fe is 1-3%,
and satisfies the following relation: mn+Cr+Ti is 0.05% or less and 0.15% or less,
wherein [ Cr ] represents the weight of Cr, [ Mn ] represents the weight of Mn, and [ Ti ] represents the weight of Ti.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating bath further comprises:
zn and/or Mg; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
the content of Zn is 0-20%, and the content of Mg is 0-1%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the finishing roller has a roughness of 3.0 to 5.0 μm and the finishing has an elongation of 0.5% to 1.5%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the heat treatment comprise: heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time; wherein,,
the heat treatment temperature is 900-960 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 3-8 min.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the stamping die is ∈
1.6μm。
7. The method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the deformation temperature of the stamping is ≡700 ℃.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot dip aluminizing system is performed on the steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and the chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution is controlled to obtain the aluminum alloy system plating steel, comprising:
carrying out hot dip aluminum alloy plating on a steel substrate by using an aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution, and controlling chemical components of the aluminum-silicon alloy plating solution to obtain aluminum alloy system plated steel; wherein, the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is controlled; in terms of mass fraction, the total mass fraction,
the total content of Cr and Mn in the chemical composition of the steel matrix is 1.3-4%.
9. An aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part, characterized in that said aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed part is produced by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed component of claim 9, wherein the aluminum alloy system plated thermoformed component comprises: a steel substrate and an aluminum alloy system coating attached to at least a portion of a surface of the steel substrate; wherein,,
the aluminum alloy system coating comprises: an Al-Fe interdiffusion layer adjacent to the steel substrate and an Al-Fe-Si alloy plating layer on the Al-Fe interdiffusion layer; wherein,,
the average value of the total thickness of the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating is 15-50 mu m,
the Al-Fe-Si alloy coating comprises an intermetallic compound phase of Al and an alloy layer of Al; wherein, the mass fraction of the material is calculated,
20-60% of the intermetallic compound phase of Al has an average thickness of 10-40 μm, and 0-20% of the alloy layer of Al has an average thickness of 2-15 μm;
the average roughness Ra of the surface of the aluminum alloy system coating thermoformed part is 1.5-2.5 mu m, the average difference of the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.35, the height Rt of peak height and peak valley is 10-25 mu m, and the average difference of Rt is less than 5.
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