CN116772762A - Ultrasonic measurement process for height of incomplete penetration defect of T-shaped welding seam - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measurement process for height of incomplete penetration defect of T-shaped welding seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN116772762A CN116772762A CN202310570747.XA CN202310570747A CN116772762A CN 116772762 A CN116772762 A CN 116772762A CN 202310570747 A CN202310570747 A CN 202310570747A CN 116772762 A CN116772762 A CN 116772762A
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a T-shaped welding seam incomplete penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process, which is based on the fact that when ultrasonic energy acts on a defect, diffraction occurs at the tip of the defect, no matter whether an ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the surface of the defect or parallel to the surface of the defect, diffraction waves are generated at the tip of the defect, and the purpose of measuring the defect height is achieved by receiving and identifying the positions of the diffraction waves of the upper tip and the lower tip of the defect. The process utilizes an ultrasonic transverse wave end point diffraction method to measure the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the T-shaped welding seam, simplifies the operation steps of ultrasonic measurement of the incomplete penetration height of the T-shaped welding seam, and ensures the measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing, in particular to an ultrasonic measurement process for the height of a lack of penetration defect of a T-shaped welding seam with the web thickness of 8-30 mm.
Background
T-shaped welding seams are commonly used in manufacturing engineering of hydraulic gates, cranes, building structures and the like, play a role in connecting webs and wing plates, are inferior to butt welding seams in application, and are important components of steel structures. The T-shaped welds may be classified into full penetration T-shaped welds and partial penetration T-shaped welds according to the penetration classification of the welds. In the design requirements of part of steel structures, the T-shaped welding seam is allowed to have a certain depth of lack of penetration, but beyond the allowable value, the welding seam is regarded as an unqualified welding seam, and accurate measurement of the lack of penetration is needed.
At present, an ultrasonic pulse reflection method is mostly adopted when the non-penetration height of the T-shaped welding seam is measured, and the non-penetration height is determined by utilizing the maximum reflection echo positions of the upper end point and the lower end point of the non-penetration, but the method generally needs to scan a web plate and a wing plate sequentially, and the upper end point and the lower end point do not necessarily have reflection echoes, so the method has inconvenient operation, low success rate and inaccurate result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultrasonic measurement process for the height of the lack of penetration of a T-shaped welding seam, which aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and the process utilizes an ultrasonic transverse wave end point diffraction method to measure the height of the lack of penetration of the T-shaped welding seam, so that the operation steps of ultrasonic measurement of the lack of penetration of the T-shaped welding seam are simplified, and the measurement precision is ensured.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: a T-shaped welding seam incomplete penetration defect height ultrasonic wave measuring process is characterized in that when ultrasonic energy acts on a defect, diffraction occurs at the tip of the defect, no matter whether an ultrasonic sound beam is perpendicular to the surface of the defect or parallel to the surface of the defect, the tip of the defect can generate diffraction waves, and the purpose of measuring the defect height is achieved by receiving and identifying the positions of the diffraction waves of the upper tip and the lower tip of the defect.
Preferably, the ultrasonic measurement process for the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the T-shaped welding seam comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting an A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic detector meeting the detection standard requirement;
step two: selecting an ultrasonic probe, and selecting a K value and a nominal frequency F according to the web thickness requirement of a workpiece to be detected;
step three: selecting a couplant which does not damage the surface of a workpiece to be detected;
step four: calibrating sensitivity according to a detection standard required by a workpiece to be detected, and manufacturing a DAC curve;
step five: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be detected to enable the surface to meet the requirements in the detection standard;
step six: and scanning and detecting along one side of a T-shaped weld web of the workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and obtaining the defect height according to the detection data.
And in the second step, the selected K value is K1-K2.5, and the corresponding selected nominal frequency F value is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz.
Preferably, the beams used to generate the diffracted waves at the end points of the T-weld incomplete penetration include direct beams and primary reflected beams.
Preferably, in the specific scanning and detecting process in the step six:
for the defect that a T-shaped welding seam is not completely welded on one side, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate, an acoustic beam axis is aligned to an angle lens, and the highest echo indication depth of the angle lens is recorded asH 0 The highest angle mirror echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, the ultrasonic probe detects along the direction close to the non-penetration, when the sound beam axis completely leaves the first peak echo of the non-penetration end point, namely the end point diffraction wave generated by direct wave, the depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 0 -H 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The probe detects in a direction away from the end point of the penetration when the sound beam axis is reflected by the bottom surface and completely leaves the first end point of the penetrationThe peak echo, i.e. the end point diffraction wave generated by the primary reflection wave, records the depth of the diffraction wave at this time asH 2 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 2 -H 0 。
Preferably, in the specific scanning and detecting process in the step six:
for the defect that the middle part of a T-shaped welding seam is not completely welded, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate to scan the defect, when the direct echo of an upper end point of the incomplete welding seam is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of a display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the probe is jogged forwards and backwards to enable the front part of the upper end point to be adjacent to a first peak echo, namely the diffraction wave generated by the upper end point of the direct wave, and the indication depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1R If the probe is moved forwards and backwards, the first peak echo can be obviously found, and if the peak echo which is farther from the endpoint direct echo is indicated, the depth is required to be recorded; if the probe cannot obviously find the first peak echo, the probe indicates that the endpoint direct echo coincides with the endpoint diffraction echo, and the endpoint direct peak value indication depth is recorded; when the direct echo of the lower end point which is not penetrated by the welding is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the backward micro probe enables the first peak echo to appear adjacently behind the lower end point, namely the diffraction wave generated by the direct wave at the lower end point, and the indication depth of the recorded diffraction wave isH 2R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the middle part is not welded through to the height△H In (a) =H 2R -H 1R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the upper end point is not welded through, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the backward micro probe enables the first peak echo to appear adjacently behind the upper end point, namely the diffraction wave generated by the primary reflected wave at the upper end point, and the diffraction wave indication depth is recordedH 1t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the lower endpoint is found to be not welded through, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, and then the probe is jogged back and forth to enable the front of the lower endpoint to be adjacent to the first peak echo, namely the primary reflected wave is generated at the lower endpointRecording diffraction waves with an indication depth ofH 2t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the penetration height△H In (a) =H 1t -H 2t 。
Preferably, the penetration height△H In (a) Can also be utilized△H In (a) =H 1t +H 2R -2TFormula calculation, whereinTIs the web thickness.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for measuring the height of the internal defect by using the ultrasonic diffraction method is applied to the measurement of the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the T-shaped welding seam, and the measurement of the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the T-shaped welding seam can be realized by scanning on one side of the web plate only by using the monoclinic probe, so that the method is simple to operate and has higher precision.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic incident wave, a reflected wave, and a diffracted wave.
Fig. 2 is a mid-portion lack of weld example.
Fig. 3 is a single-sided, non-welded-through example.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of the position of a direct wave probe and the waveform of an end point diffraction wave in a single-sided non-penetration measurement.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the waveforms of the end diffraction waves and the position of the primary reflection wave probe in the single-side incomplete penetration measurement.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary plot of the direct wave probe position and lower endpoint diffraction wave waveforms for a mid-weld penetration test.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary plot of the primary reflected wave probe position and lower endpoint diffraction wave waveform for a mid-weld penetration test.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The measuring principle of the invention:
referring specifically to fig. 1, when ultrasonic energy acts on a defect, not only a reflection phenomenon occurs at the surface of the defect, but also a diffraction phenomenon occurs at the tip of the defect, as shown in fig. 1. And the defect tip generates a diffraction wave regardless of whether the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the defect surface or parallel to the defect surface. The defect height can be determined by receiving and identifying the location of the diffracted waves at the upper and lower tips of the defect.
Defect type analysis:
the T-shaped weld serves to connect the web and the wing as shown in fig. 2-3. The type of incomplete penetration defect of the T-shaped weld is divided into a middle incomplete penetration and a single-side incomplete penetration according to the welding process of the T-shaped weld, as shown in figures 2-3.
Example 1:
based on a measurement principle, the invention provides an ultrasonic measurement process for the height of a non-penetration defect of a T-shaped welding seam, diffraction can be generated at the tip of the defect when ultrasonic energy acts on the defect, no matter whether the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the surface of the defect or parallel to the surface of the defect, the tip of the defect can generate diffraction waves, and the purpose of measuring the height of the defect is achieved by receiving and identifying the positions of the diffraction waves of the upper tip and the lower tip of the defect. The measuring method simplifies the operation steps of ultrasonic measurement of the non-penetration height of the T-shaped weld joint and ensures the measuring precision.
Example 2:
a T-shaped weld joint incomplete penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting an A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic detector meeting the detection standard requirement;
step two: selecting an ultrasonic probe, and selecting a K value and a nominal frequency F according to the web thickness requirement of a workpiece to be detected; the selected K value is K1-K2.5, and the corresponding selected nominal frequency F value is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz;
step three: selecting a couplant which does not damage the surface of a workpiece to be detected;
step four: calibrating sensitivity according to a detection standard required by a workpiece to be detected, and manufacturing a DAC curve;
step five: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be detected to enable the surface to meet the requirements in the detection standard;
step six: and scanning and detecting along one side of a T-shaped weld web of the workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and obtaining the defect height according to the detection data.
Further, the T-shaped weld joint incomplete penetration defect end points generate beams used by diffraction waves, including direct beams and primary reflection beams. The corresponding measuring process can be realized through the cooperation of the two groups of beams.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 4-5, in the specific scan detection process in the sixth step:
for the defect that a T-shaped welding seam is not completely welded on one side, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate, an acoustic beam axis is aligned to an angle lens, and the highest echo indication depth of the angle lens is recorded asH 0 The highest angle mirror echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, the ultrasonic probe detects along the direction close to the non-penetration, when the sound beam axis completely leaves the first peak echo of the non-penetration end point, namely the end point diffraction wave generated by the direct wave, as shown in figure 4, the depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 0 -H 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The probe detects along the direction far away from the non-penetration, when the sound beam axis passes through the bottom surface and is reflected and completely leaves the first peak echo of the non-penetration end point, namely the end point diffraction wave generated by primary reflection wave, as shown in figure 5, the depth of the diffraction wave is recorded asH 2 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 2 -H 0 。
Example 3:
referring to fig. 6-7, in the specific scan detection process in the sixth step:
for the defect that the middle part of a T-shaped welding seam is not completely welded, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate to scan the defect, when the direct echo of an upper end point of the incomplete welding seam is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of a display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the probe is jogged forwards and backwards to enable the front part of the upper end point to be adjacent to a first peak echo, namely the diffraction wave generated by the upper end point of the direct wave, and the indication depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1R (if the probe is moved both forward and backward to find the first peak echo clearly, it is recordedPeak echoes farther from the end point direct echo indicate depth; if the first peak echo can not be found obviously by moving the probe forwards and backwards, the direct endpoint echo is indicated to coincide with the diffraction endpoint echo, and the indicating depth of the direct endpoint peak value is recorded. The following is the same as the description below); when the direct echo of the lower end point of the unwelded probe is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, and then the backward inching probe enables the first peak echo to appear adjacently behind the lower end point, namely the diffraction wave generated by the direct wave at the lower end point, as shown in figure 6, the recorded diffraction wave indication depth isH 2R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the middle part is not welded through to the height△H In (a) =H 2R -H 1R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the upper end point is not welded through, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the backward micro probe enables the first peak echo to appear adjacently behind the upper end point, namely the diffraction wave generated by the primary reflected wave at the upper end point, and the diffraction wave indication depth is recordedH 1t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the lower endpoint is found to be not penetrated, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, and then the front and back micro probe enables the front of the lower endpoint to be adjacent to the first peak echo, namely the diffraction wave generated by the primary reflected wave at the lower endpoint, as shown in figure 7, the recorded diffraction wave indication depth is thatH 2t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the penetration height△H In (a) =H 1t -H 2t 。
Further, for the lack of penetration defect in the middle of the T-shaped weld, the lack of penetration height△H In (a) Can also be utilized△H In (a) =H 1t +H 2R -2TFormula calculation, whereinTIs the web thickness.
Claims (7)
1. A T-shaped welding seam incomplete penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process is characterized in that diffraction occurs at the tip of a defect based on the action of ultrasonic energy on the defect, no matter whether the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the surface of the defect or parallel to the surface of the defect, the tip of the defect can generate diffraction waves, and the purpose of measuring the defect height is achieved by receiving and identifying the positions of the diffraction waves of the upper tip and the lower tip of the defect.
2. The T-seam weld penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one: selecting an A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic detector meeting the detection standard requirement;
step two: selecting an ultrasonic probe, and selecting a K value and a nominal frequency F according to the web thickness requirement of a workpiece to be detected;
step three: selecting a couplant which does not damage the surface of a workpiece to be detected;
step four: calibrating sensitivity according to a detection standard required by a workpiece to be detected, and manufacturing a DAC curve;
step five: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be detected to enable the surface to meet the requirements in the detection standard;
step six: and scanning and detecting along one side of a T-shaped weld web of the workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and obtaining the defect height according to the detection data.
3. The T-seam weld penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process of claim 2, wherein: and in the second step, the selected K value is K1-K2.5, and the corresponding selected nominal frequency F value is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz.
4. A T-seam weld penetration defect height ultrasonic measurement process according to claim 2, wherein the T-seam weld penetration defect end point generates a beam for diffraction, including a direct beam and a primary reflection beam.
5. The ultrasonic measurement process for the height of a lack of penetration defect of a T-shaped weld according to claim 4, wherein in the specific scanning and detecting process in the step six:
for T-shaped weldsThe single-side incomplete penetration defect is overcome, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate, the axis of an acoustic beam is aligned with an angle lens, and the highest echo indication depth of the angle lens is recorded asH 0 The highest angle mirror echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, the ultrasonic probe detects along the direction close to the non-penetration, when the sound beam axis completely leaves the first peak echo of the non-penetration end point, namely the end point diffraction wave generated by direct wave, the depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 0 -H 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The probe detects along the direction far away from the non-penetration, when the sound beam axis passes through the bottom surface and is reflected and completely leaves the first peak echo of the non-penetration end point, namely the end point diffraction wave generated by the primary reflection wave, the depth of the diffraction wave is recorded asH 2 At this time, the penetration height is not△H=H 2 -H 0 。
6. The ultrasonic measurement process for the height of a lack of penetration defect of a T-shaped weld according to claim 4, wherein in the specific scanning and detecting process in the step six:
for the defect that the middle part of a T-shaped welding seam is not completely welded, an ultrasonic probe is placed on one side of a web plate to scan the defect, when the direct echo of an upper end point of the incomplete welding seam is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of a display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the probe is jogged forwards and backwards to enable the front part of the upper end point to be adjacent to a first peak echo, namely the diffraction wave generated by the upper end point of the direct wave, and the indication depth of the diffraction wave is recorded as followsH 1R If the probe is moved forwards and backwards, the first peak echo can be obviously found, and if the peak echo which is farther from the endpoint direct echo is indicated, the depth is required to be recorded; if the probe cannot obviously find the first peak echo, the probe indicates that the endpoint direct echo coincides with the endpoint diffraction echo, and the endpoint direct peak value indication depth is recorded; when the direct echo of the lower end point which is not welded through is found, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, and then the probe is jogged backwards to enable the lower end point to border behindThe first peak echo appears adjacently, namely the diffraction wave generated by the direct wave at the lower endpoint, and the indication depth of the diffraction wave is recorded asH 2R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the middle part is not welded through to the height△H In (a) =H 2R -H 1R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the upper end point is not welded through, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, then the backward micro probe enables the first peak echo to appear adjacently behind the upper end point, namely the diffraction wave generated by the primary reflected wave at the upper end point, and the diffraction wave indication depth is recordedH 1t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the echo of the primary reflected wave of the lower endpoint is found to be not penetrated, the echo height is 80% of the full scale of the display screen, the sensitivity is improved by 15 dB-25 dB, and then the front and back micro probe head enables the front of the lower endpoint to be adjacent to the first peak echo, namely the diffraction wave generated by the primary reflected wave at the lower endpoint, and the recorded diffraction wave indication depth isH 2t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the penetration height△H In (a) =H 1t -H 2t 。
7. The ultrasonic process for determining the height of a lack of penetration of a T-shaped weld according to claim 6, wherein the lack of penetration is as follows△H In (a) Can also be utilized△H In (a) =H 1t +H 2R -2TFormula calculation, whereinTIs the web thickness.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310570747.XA CN116772762A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Ultrasonic measurement process for height of incomplete penetration defect of T-shaped welding seam |
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| CN202310570747.XA CN116772762A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Ultrasonic measurement process for height of incomplete penetration defect of T-shaped welding seam |
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