CN116726190A - 澳瑞他汀类似物及其与细胞结合分子的共轭偶联物 - Google Patents
澳瑞他汀类似物及其与细胞结合分子的共轭偶联物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本专利申请提供了澳瑞他汀类似物,特别是单甲基澳瑞他汀F(MMAF)类似物作为细胞毒性分子,它和细胞结合分子构成共轭偶联物,制备和治疗方面应用这些细胞毒性分子和偶联物阻止或延缓非正常细胞的生长和/或增殖。
Description
本申请是申请日为2015年6月20日、申请号为201580080907.6、发明名称为“澳瑞他汀类似物及其与细胞结合分子的共轭偶联物”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明描述了一类澳瑞他汀细胞毒性小分子,尤其是甲基澳瑞他汀F(MMAF)的衍生物,它们与细胞结合分子的共轭偶联以及把它们用于阻断细胞生长和增殖的方法。
技术背景
化疗是传统的治疗癌症的主要手段之一。用化疗药物治疗肿瘤是基于该药物能够区别癌症细胞和正常细胞,并优先杀死癌细胞。缺乏选择性以及对人体的系统毒性是化疗药物试剂的主要缺陷。
为了提高药物的抗癌疗效,可以通过提高药物的活性,以实现用较低剂量就可以产生治疗效果且无不良反应,或者提高药物对肿瘤的选择性,进而可以使用较高的剂量来确保更好的治疗效果。
前人已经做了很多工作,以期发现新的具有更高活性的毒性小分子药物,包括从天然产物如植物、海洋生物、微生物的组织细胞中分离获得毒性小分子。1984年,Pettit和他的小组从海洋无壳软体动物截尾海兔中分离得到一类名为多拉司他汀的毒性多肽。在随后的几年里,其中一个最具活性的化合物——多拉司他汀10的结构被确定了(Pettit,etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1987,109,6883-6885;Pettit,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1989,111∶5463-5465)。多拉司他汀10具有抑制微管蛋白聚合和强大的抗细胞增殖特性,其IC50在皮摩尔的尺度。多拉司他汀10快速地进入了人类临床评价。然而,在一期临床实验阶段,发现其最大耐受剂量(0.4mg/m2)远低于其他抗癌药物如阿霉素(60-70mg/m2),在针对多类癌症如黑色素瘤、肾癌、肉瘤、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的二期临床实验上也未见明显的临床获益(Pettit etal.,Anticancer Drug Des.,1998,13∶243-277;Poncet et al.,Curr.Pharm.Des.1999,5:139-162;Ali et al.,Anticancer Res.1998,18∶1021-1026;Kalemkarian et al.,Pharmaco1.1999,43:507-515;Turner et a1.,Prostate 1998,34:175-181;Pitot,eta1.,Clin.Cancer Res.1999,5:525-531;Vaishampayan et a1.Clin.Cancer Res.2000,6:4205-4208)。
二十世纪八十年代,抗体偶联药物(ADC)的概念兴起,它是一种提高毒性小分子对癌细胞选择性的手段。许多抗体优先结合细胞表面的抗原、特殊的小分子标记物等,因而可以作为一种运输工具选择性地将抗癌药物转运进肿瘤细胞。ADC上有效载荷药物的一项重要属性是其高效的活性。早期的ADC均利用已上市的小分子抗癌药物,它们失败的原因之一就在于这些药物缺乏足够高的体外活性。尽管多拉司他汀10自身没有显示出有效的临床治疗意义,其不寻常的高活性却仍然使它成为ADC载荷小分子的备选。
对于多拉司他汀10深入的构效研究已经开展。人们发现多拉司他汀C-端的dolaphenine单元被苯乙胺取代,N-端的叔胺被伯胺或仲胺取代后仍然具有活性(Pettitetal.,Anticancer Drug Des.,1998,13:243-277;Doronina et al.BioconjugateChem.2006,17:114-124)。甲基澳瑞他汀E(MMAE)和甲基澳瑞他汀F(MMAF)随后作为ADC药物的载荷小分子被制备出来。
2011年,FDA批准了用于治疗复发性霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)和复发性系统间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(sALCL)的新型抗癌药物brentuximab vedotin(商业名Adecetris)的上市。Brentuximab vedotin包含嵌合单克隆抗体brentuximab(cAC10,以细胞膜蛋白CD30为靶点),cathepsin蛋白酶水解连接体(缬氨酸-瓜氨酸),对氨基甲酸苄酯间隔体和3~5个MMAE单元。此次批准提供了ADC药物在癌症治疗应用的实例,并验证了澳瑞他汀类似物(如MMAE)作为ADC药物有效载荷小分子的可行性。
MMAF的体外活性比MMAE差,但是它的甲酯衍生物MMAF-OMe在绝大多数细胞系上活性比MMAE高约100倍。MMAF C-端的电荷不利于它的跨细胞膜转运,因而降低了它的活性。但它的中性衍生物MMAF-OMe能够扩散进癌细胞并在那里被血浆中的酯酶水解,重新转变为MMAF,杀灭癌细胞(Doronina et al.Bioconjugate Chem.2006,17:114-124)。使用MMAF-OMe的另一个优点是一旦它被水解,其水解产物MMAF的亲水性强,跨膜转运的能力越弱,就会被受困停留在癌细胞内部,因此使得系统毒性降低。
为了提高作为ADC药物载荷的tubulysins类化合物的活性,我们修饰了C-末端的γ-氨基酸tubutyrosine(Tut)和tubuphenylalanine(Tup)(PCT/IB2012/053554,WO2014009774)。结果显示在Tut和Tup上引入环氧基或乙烯基能够显著增加tubulysin类ADC的治疗窗口。(Med Chem.#44,249th ACS National Meeting,Dever,CO,Mar.22~26,2015;AACR national meeting,#4532,Philadelphia,Apr 18~22,2015)。应用同样的策略,基于MMAF或MMAF-OMe,我们修改了C-和N-末端氨基酸残基的结构,用来作为ADC药物有效载荷小分子。这些修饰的MMAF化合物对多种癌细胞显示了很好的活性,可以连接到抗体,也没有明显的集聚问题。本发明在这里公开了这些修饰的化合物和以其作为载荷小分子与细胞结合分子共轭偶联的方法。
发明总结
在一方面,本发明中的药物-连接体-配体共轭偶联物的结构可以表达为式(I):
G-Lm-Dn(I)
以及它的药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物;
其中G是细胞表面结合分子(配体);L是可断裂或不可断裂连接体;n是1-20;m是1-10;D是具有结构式(II)的小分子药物:
其中---表示小分子药物和连接体各自独立的连接;R1,R2,R3和R4为独立的C1-C8的烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8的杂环基,碳环基,环烷基,烷基环烷基或杂环烷基,C3-C8的芳基,芳烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基酰基;2个R基,比如R1R2,R1R3,R2R3,R3R4和R5R6可以构成3-7元碳环、环烷、杂环或杂环烷的环结构;此外,R2,R3和R4可以是H,并且R1可以缺省;
Y1是N或者CH;
R5和R6各自独立地为H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环基或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R5和R6可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环结构;
R7是H或C1-C8烷基;
R8是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R9是H,OH,C1-C8烷基,C3-C8碳环或O-(C1-C8烷基);
R10是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R11是H或C1-C8烷基;
R12是芳基,烷芳基,烷基或C3-C8杂环;
Y2选自: 其中R13,R14和R15是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;X是CH2,O,S,NH,NR16,S(O)或S(O)2,其中R16是H或C1-C8烷基;
Z是H,C1-C8烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基),-卤素,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-C(O)OR17,-C(O)NHR18,-C(O)NR18R19,-CH2R20,-CH2OP(O)(OR21)2,其中R17,R18,R19,R20和R21是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环。
另一方面,连接体L结构为—Ww—(Aa)r—Vv—,其中:-W-是一个伸展单元,将靶点结合单元(T)与一个氨基酸单元(Aa)连接,而当Aa不存在时与V连接,并且W可以包含各自独立的自销解间隔体,一个短肽单元,一个腙、二硫、硫醚、酯或酰胺键;w是0或1;Aa各自独立地是一个天然或非天然氨基酸单元;r是从0到12的整数;(Aa)r表示一个天然或非天然氨基酸、二肽、三肽,四肽、五肽、六肽、七肽、八肽、九肽、十肽、十一或十二肽单元;
V是一个间隔体单元,各自独立地是一个H,O,NH,S,C1-C8烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,炔基,杂环基或碳环基,C3-C8芳基,环烷基,烷基环烷基,杂环烷基,杂芳环烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基羰基,或1到4个氨基酸单元,或(CH2CH2O)r,其中r是0到12的整数;v是0,1或2。
在另一方面,G是任何种类目前已知的或者可知的细胞表面结合分子,比如一个肽类和非肽类。一般来说细胞结合分子G是一个抗体,一个单链抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的抗体片段,一个单克隆抗体,一个单链单克隆抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的单克隆抗体片段,一个嵌合抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的嵌合抗体片段,一个域抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的域抗体片段,一个模拟抗体的结合素,锚蛋白重复蛋白质,一个淋巴因子,一个激素,一个维生素,一个生长因子,一个集落刺激因子,一个养分运输分子(铁传递蛋白),一个结合多肽、蛋白或抗体,一个结合在白蛋白上的小分子,多聚物,树枝状分子,脂质体,纳米颗粒,小囊泡,或(病毒)衣壳。优选的结合分子G是一个单克隆抗体。
在另一方面,公式(I)表示的化合物或药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物被用于治疗癌症,自身免疫类疾病或传染病。
附图说明:
图1MMAF中Dap单元((2R,3R,4S)-dolaproine)的合成。
图2MMAF中Dil单元((3R,4S,5S)-dolaisoleucine)的合成。
图3一个包含马来酰亚胺连接体的MMAF-OMe类似物的合成。
图4一个包含马来酰亚胺连接体的MMAF-OMe类似物的合成。
图5一个包含马来酰亚胺连接体的MMAF-OMe类似物的合成。
图6一个包含马来酰亚胺连接体的MMAF-OMe类似物的合成。
图7一个包含马来酰亚胺连接体的MMAF-OMe类似物的合成。
发明内容
1.定义
“烷基”指一类含有1至8个碳原子的线性或者环状直链或者支链脂肪烃。支链指在线性的烷基上有一个或者多个低级烷基,比如甲基,乙基或者丙基相连接。烷基的例子包括甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,叔丁基,正戊烷基,3-戊烷基,辛烷基,壬烷基,癸烷基,环戊烷基,环己烷基,2,2-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基戊基,2,3-二甲基戊基,3,3-二甲基戊基,2,3,4-三甲基戊基,3-甲基己基,2,2-二甲基己基,2,4-二甲基己基,2,5-二甲基己基,3,5-二甲基己基,2,4-二甲基戊基,2-甲基庚基,3-甲基庚基,正庚基,异庚基,正辛烷基和异辛烷基。C1-C8烷基可以是未被取代或者被以下,但不限于以下的一个或者多个基团取代:C1-C8烷基,C1-C8烷氧基,芳基,-C(O)R',-OC(O)R',-C(O)OR',-C(O)NH2,-C(O)NHR',-C(O)N(R')2,-NHC(O)R',-S(O)2R',-S(O)R',-OH,卤素,-N3,-NH2,-NH(R'),-N(R')2及-CN;其中R’指各自独立的C1-C8烷基或者芳基;卤素指-F,-Cl,-Br,或-I,优选为-F和-Cl。
“杂烷基”指有1到4个碳原子独立地被O,S和N原子代替的C2~C8烷基。
“碳环”指饱和或不饱和的含3至8个碳原子的单环结构或者含7至13个碳原子的双环结构。单环碳环有3至6个成环原子,典型的是5至6个。双环碳环有7至12个成环原子,成[4,5]、[5,5]、[5,6]或[6,6]环结构,或者有9至10个成环原子,成[5,6]或[6,6]环结构。“C3-C8碳环”指含3,4,5,6,7,8个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的非芳烃环状化合物。C3~C8碳环可以是未被取代或者被以下,但不限于以下的一个或者多个基团取代:C1-C8烷基,C1-C8烷氧基,芳基,酰基,酰氧基,酯基,-C(O)NH2,-C(O)NHR’,-C(O)N(R’)2,-NHC(O)R’,-S(O)2R’,-S(O)R’,-OH,卤素,-N3,-NH2,-NHR’,-N(R’)2及-CN;其中R’指各自独立的C1-C8烷基或者芳基。典型的C3-C8碳环包括,但不限于环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环戊二烯基,环己基,环己烯基,1,3-环己二烯基,1,4-环己二烯基,环庚基,1,3-环庚二烯基,1,3,5-环庚三烯基,环辛基及环辛二烯基。
“烯基”是指含有一个碳碳双键以及2到8个碳原子直链或支链的脂肪烃。烯基例子包括但不限于:.乙烯基,烯丙基,正丁烯基,异丁烯基,3-甲基丁-2-烯基,n-戊烯基,己烯基,庚烯基,辛烯基。
“炔基”是指含有一个碳碳三键以及2到8个碳原子直链或支链的脂肪烃。炔基例子包括乙炔基,丙炔基,正丁炔基,2额-丁炔基,3-甲基丁炔基,n-戊炔基,己炔基,庚炔基,辛炔基。
“芳烃基”或“芳基”指由3到14个,优选6到10个碳原子组成的含有一个或多个环系的芳香基或杂芳香基。“杂芳香基”指该芳香基团有一个或多个,优选1个,2个,3个或4个碳原子被O,N,S,Se和P,优选O,S和N所取代。“芳烃基”或“芳基”也指一个或多个氢原子独立地被下列基团所取代的芳香基:烷基,卤素,OR,SR,N RR’,N=NR,N=R,NRR’,NO2,SOR,SO2R,SO3R,OSO3R,PRR’,PORR’,P(OR)(OR’),P(O)(OR)(OR’)或OP(O)(OR)(OR’)。其中R和R’指各自独立的H,烷基,烯基,炔基,杂烷基,芳基,芳烷基或羰基或者药物盐。
“杂环”指一类芳香性或者非芳香性含3至14个碳的环,其中环上1至4个碳原子各自独立地被杂元素,如O,N,S,Se和P所取代。优选杂元素为O,N和S。相关杂环的说明亦可参见于The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,78th Edition,CRC Press Inc..1997-1998,225至226页。优选的非芳香杂环基包括,但不限于吡咯烷基,吡唑烷基,咪唑烷基,环氧乙烷基,四氢呋喃基,二氧戊环基,四氢吡喃基,二氧杂环己烷基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,吗啉基,吡喃基,咪唑啉基,吡咯啉基,吡唑啉基,噻唑烷基,四氢硫吡喃基,二噻烷基,硫吗啉基,二氢吡喃基,四氢吡喃基,四氢吡啶基,二氢吡啶基,四氢嘧啶基,二氢硫吡喃基,氮杂环庚烷基以及它们与苯基生成的稠环。
“杂芳基”或“芳香杂环基”指含5到14,优选5到10个原子的芳香性杂单、双或多环结构。例子包括吡咯基,吡啶基,吡唑基,噻吩基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,四唑基,吲哚基,喹啉基,嘌呤基,咪唑基,噻吩基,噻唑基,苯并噻唑基,苯并呋喃基,呋喃基,1,2,4-噻二唑基,异噻唑基,三唑基,四唑基,异喹啉基,异苯并呋喃基,吡唑基,苯并噻吩基,咔唑基,苯并咪唑基,异恶唑基,吡啶氮氧化物及它们与苯基生成的稠环。
“烷基”,“环烷基”,“烯基”,“炔基”,“芳基”,“杂环”,“杂芳基”及诸如此类的术语也指由相应的烃失去两个氢原子生成的“亚烷基”,“环亚烷基”,“亚烯基”,“亚炔基”,“亚芳基”,“杂亚环”和“杂亚芳基”等。
“芳烷基”指其中一个与碳原子,如末端碳或sp3碳,相连的氢原子被一个芳基自由基取代的非环状烷基。典型的芳烷基包括,但不限于苄基,2-苯乙基,2-苯乙炔基,萘甲基,2-萘乙基,2-萘乙炔基,萘酚苄基,2-萘酚苯乙基等。
“杂芳烷基”指其中一个与碳原子,如末端碳或sp3碳,相连的氢原子被一个杂芳基自由基取代的非环状烷基。典型的杂芳烷基包括,但不限于2-苯基咪唑甲基,2-呋喃乙基等。
“羟基保护基”包括,但不限于甲氧基醚,2-甲氧基乙氧基醚,-四氢吡喃醚,苄基醚,对甲氧基苄基醚,三甲基硅醚,三乙基硅醚,三异丙基硅醚,叔丁基二甲基硅醚,三苯基甲基硅醚,乙酸酯,取代乙酸酯,三甲基乙酸酯,苯甲酸酯,甲磺酸酯和对甲苯磺酸酯。
“离去基团”指可以被另外其他功能团所取代的的功能团。这些基团可见于各类本领域的文献,包括,但于限于卤素(氯、溴和碘),甲磺酸基(OMs),对甲苯磺酸基(OTs)和三氟甲磺酸基(OTf)。
下列缩写的含义为:
Boc,叔丁氧羰基;BroP,溴化三(二甲基氨基)膦六氟磷酸;CDI,羰基二咪唑;DCC,二环己基碳二亚胺;DCM,二氯甲烷;DIAD,偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯;DIBAL-H,二异丁基氢化铝;DIPEA,二异丙基乙胺;DEPC,焦碳酸二乙酯;DMA,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;DMAP,对二甲胺基吡啶;DMF,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DMSO,二甲基亚砜;DTT,二硫苏糖醇;EDC,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐;ESI-MS,电喷雾质谱法;HATU,2-(7-氧化苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;HOBt,1-羟基苯并三唑;HPLC,高效液相色谱;NHS,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺;MMP,4-甲基吗啉;PAB,对氨基苯基;PBS,磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.0~7.5);PEG,聚乙二醇;SEC,分子排阻色谱;TCEP,三(2-羧乙基)膦;TFA,三氟乙酸;THF,四氢呋喃;Val,缬氨酸。
“药学的”或者“药学上可接受的”指分子实体及组合物,视情形在动物或人体上应用时,不产生有害的,过敏性的或者其他不良反应。
“药用盐”指已经公开的化合物的一类衍生物,为母系化合物被修饰后产生的酸或碱加成盐。药学上可以接受盐包括从非毒性无机或者有机酸衍生的常规非毒性的盐以及季铵盐。这些成盐的无机酸包括盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,氨基磺酸,磷酸,硝酸等,有机酸如乙酸,丙酸,丁二酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,甲磺酸,苯磺酸,葡萄糖醛酸,谷氨酸,苯甲酸,水杨酸,甲苯磺酸,草酸,富马酸,乳酸等。其他的加成盐包括由氨基丁三醇,甲葡胺,吡咯乙醇等生成的铵盐以及钠,钾,钙,锌,镁等金属盐。
“药学上可接受的溶剂化物”或“溶剂化物”指一个或多个溶剂分子与公开的化合物相结合的复合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂包括,但不限于水,异丙醇,乙醇,甲醇,DMSO,乙酸乙酯,乙酸和乙醇胺。
“药学上可接受的辅料”包括所有载体,稀释剂,佐剂或者赋形剂,比如防腐剂,抗氧化剂,填料,崩解剂,润湿剂,乳化剂,悬浮剂,溶剂,分散介质,涂层,抗菌剂,抗真菌剂,等渗和吸收延缓剂等。在药物活性物质中加入这些介质和试剂在本领域是已知的。所有常规的介质和试剂,除非它们与药物活性组分不相容,在药物组合物里的应用也有被考虑。辅助活性组分也可以被加入中以获得合适的药物组合。
2.药物-连接体-配体共轭偶联物
本发明中的药物-连接体-配体共轭偶联物可以在传送进入细胞后发生部分降解而释放出药物或带有连接体残基的药物。药物(或药物-连接体残基)随后会作为细胞毒素杀死肿瘤细胞。小分子药物为多拉司他汀/澳瑞他汀系列化合物,它们干扰微管动力学,GTP水解,和细胞核和细胞的分裂,具有抗癌和抗真菌的活性。
在一方面,本发明中的药物-连接体-配体共轭偶联物具有如(I)的结构式
G-Lm-Dn(I)
以及它的药学上可接受的盐类和溶剂化物;
其中G是细胞表面结合分子(配体);L是可断裂或不可断裂连接体;n是1-20;m是1-10;D是具有结构式(II)的小分子药物:
其中---表示小分子药物和连接体的各自独立的连接;R1,R2,R3和R4为独立的C1-C8的烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8的杂环基,碳环基,环烷基,烷基环烷基或杂环烷基,C3-C8的芳基,芳烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基酰基;2个R基,比如R1R2,R1R3,R2R3,R3R4和R5R6可以是3-7元碳环、环烷、杂环或杂环烷的环结构;此外,R2,R3和R4可以是H,并且R1可以缺省;
Y1是N或者CH;
R5和R6各自独立地为H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环基或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R5和R6可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环结构;
R7是H或C1-C8烷基;
R8是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R9是H,OH,C1-C8烷基,C3-C8碳环或O-(C1-C8烷基);
R10是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R11是H或C1-C8烷基;
R12是芳基,烷芳基,烷基或C3-C8杂环;
Y2选自: 其中R13,R14和R15是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;X是CH2,O,S,NH,NR16,S(O)或S(O)2,其中R16是H或C1-C8烷基;
Z是H,C1-C8烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基),-卤素,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-C(O)OR17,-C(O)NHR18,-C(O)NR18R19,-CH2R20,-CH2OP(O)(OR21)2,其中R17,R18,R19,R20和R21是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环。
连接体L可以由一个或多个连接体单元组成。连接体单元包括6-马来酰亚胺己酰基(MC),马来酰亚胺丙酰基(MP),对-氨基苄氧碳酰基(PAB),4-巯基戊酸酯(SPP),4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1羧酸酯(MCC),(4-乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB),4-巯基-丁酸酯(SPDB),4-巯基-2-羟基磺酰-丁酸酯(2-Sulfo-SPDB),乙烯氧基(-CH2CH2O-)的一个或多个重复的单位(EO或PEO),或一个肽单位,比如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit或vc),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(ala-phe或af)。其他连接体单元可见于本领域文献,它们通过化学成键而组合,比如形成烯烃、烯基烯烃、炔基烯烃、醚、聚乙二醇、酯、胺、亚胺、聚胺、肼、腙、酰胺、脲、氨基脲、卡巴肼、烷氧基胺、烷氧基酰胺、聚氨酯、氨基酸、酰氧基胺、异羟肟酸和许多其他化学结构。此外,尤其需要强调的是,连接体单元的结构可以是饱和的或不饱和的,可以是自由基,也可以在连接体内互相成环形成二价的环状结构,包括环烷烃、环醚、环胺、芳烯、杂芳烯。
另一方面,连接体L结构为—Ww—(Aa)r—Vv—,其中:-W-是一个伸展单元,将靶点结合单元(T,定义见下文)与一个氨基酸单元(Aa)连接,而当Aa不存在时与V连接,并且W可以包含各自独立的自销解间隔体,一个短肽单元,一个腙、二硫、硫醚、酯或酰胺键;w是0或1;Aa各自独立地是一个天然或非天然氨基酸单元;r是从0到12的整数;(Aa)r表示一个天然或非天然氨基酸、二肽、三肽,四肽、五肽、六肽、七肽、八肽、九肽、十肽、十一或十二肽单元;
V是一个间隔体单元,各自独立地为一个H,O,NH,S,C1-C8烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8的烯基,炔基,杂环基或碳环基,C3-C8芳基,环烷基,烷基环烷基,杂环烷基,杂芳环烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基羰基,或1到4个氨基酸单元,或(CH2CH2O)r,其中r是0到12的整数;v是0,1或2。
另一方面,共轭偶联物(I)中的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)的结构式如(III):
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物;
其中L是一个可断裂或不可断裂的连接体;
Y1是N或CH;R2是H或C1-C8烷基;
R3和R4是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R3和R4可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构;
R5和R6是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R3和R4可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构;
R7是H或C1-C8烷基;
R8是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R9是H,OH,C1-C8烷基,C3-C8碳环或O-(C1-C8烷基);
R10是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R11是H或C1-C8烷基;
R12是芳基,烷芳基,烷基或C3-C8杂环;
Y2选自: 其中R13,R14和R15是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;X是CH2,O,S,NH,NR16,S(O)或S(O)2,其中R16是H或C1-C8烷基;
Z是H,C1-C8烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基),-卤素,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-C(O)OR17,-C(O)NHR18,C(O)NR18R19,-CH2R20,-CH2OP(O)(OR21)2,其中R17,R18,R19,R20和R21是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环。
具有结构如式(III)的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)的实例包括,但不仅限于以下:
其中M指H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或者N+R1R2R3或一药用盐;R1,R2和R3的定义如前文;T为靶点结合单元,独立选自L,R1,-O-,-S-,-SS-,-NH-,=N-,=NNH-,-NH(R1),-OR1,-C(=O)-,-C(=O)R1,-COOR1-,-C(O)NH-,-C(=O)NHR1-,-SR1-,-S(=O)R1-,-P(=O)(OR1)2-,-P(=O)(NHR1)2-,-CH2OP(=O)(OR1)2-,-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)2-,-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)2-,-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)(NHR2)-,-SO2R1-,(CH2CH2O)r-,-(CH(CH3)CH2O)r-,C1-C8烷基,或杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,炔基,杂环或碳环,C3-C8芳基,环烷基,烷基环烷基,在环烷基,杂芳基,杂烷基环烷基,烷羰基或1-10个氨基酸单元,其中r是0-12的整数;L,R1和R2的定义同式(I)和(II)。
T也可以由一个或多个连接体单元组成。连接体单元包括6-马来酰亚胺己酰基(MC),马来酰亚胺丙酰基(MP),缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit或vc),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(ala-phe或af),对-氨基苄氧碳酰基(PAB),4-巯基戊酰基(SPP),4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1酰基(MCC),(4-乙酰基)氨基苯甲酰基(SIAB),4-巯基-丁酰基(SPDB),4-巯基-2-羟基磺酰-丁酰基(2-Sulfo-SPDB),乙烯氧基(-CH2CH2O-)的一个或多个重复的单位(EO或PEO),肟(醛肟或酮肟),1,2,3-三氮唑(由点击化学反应产生),缩醛(由糖或者其类似物反应产生)。其他的连接体单元可参见本领域文献,部分如下文示例。
连接体单元的例子:
(MC,6-马来酰亚胺己酰基); (ME,马来酰亚胺乙基);(MP,马来酰亚胺丙酰基);
(PAB,对-氨基苄氧碳酰基类似物);
(羰基苄基多肽类似物);
(缬氨酸-瓜氨酸);(MCC,4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1酰基);((4-乙酰基)氨基苯甲酰基);(2-sulfo-SPDB,4-巯基-2-羟基磺酰-丁酰基);(肟);(1,2,3-三氮唑);(缩醛); (腙);(稳定的肽链);((2-二硫基)乙氧羰基);其中X1和Y1独立选自O,S,NH或CH2;R1和R2定义如前文。
Q是细胞结合单元或能与细胞结合分子很容易连接的功能团。功能团包括,但不限于二硫键取代物,马来酰亚胺基,卤代乙酰基,肼,醛,酮,叠氮,氨基,烷氧氨基,或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
另一方面,通式为(III)的连接体-小分子药物具有以下优选结构:
其中Q,T,R1,R2和R3的定义同上;R22是H,OPO3M2,OSO3M,OCH2PO3M,OH,NO2,F,Cl,Br,I,SR13,SSR13,NH2,NHR13,NR13R14或OR13;M是H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或N+R1R2R3;R13,R14,R15,R17,R18和R19的定义同上。此外,R18和R19可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构,芳环,或杂芳环结构。
优选的包含抗体和通式(III)结构的共轭偶联物的结构包括,但不限于:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中mAb为抗体,n为1-30。
另一方面,共轭偶联物(I)上连接剂-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)具有如式(IV)的结构:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,Y1,Y2,Z和L的定义同式(III)。
结构如式(IV)的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)的实例包括,但不仅限于以下:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中R1,R2,T,Q和M的定义同式(IIIa~IIIff)。
另一方面,式(IV)所示的连接剂-小分子药物具有以下优选结构:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中,Q,T,R1,R2,R3,R17,R18,R19和R22的定义与上文一致。此外,R17和R18可以缺省。
优选的包含抗体和通式(IV)结构的共轭偶联物的结构包括,但不限于:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中mAb为抗体,n为1~30。
另一方面,共轭偶联物(I)上的连接剂-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)具有如式(V)的结构:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,Y1,Y2,Z和L的定义同式(III)。
结构如式(V)的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn)的实例包括,但不仅限于以下:
其中R1,R2,T,Q和M的定义与式(IIIa~IIIff)一致。
另一方面,式(V)所示的连接剂-小分子药物具有以下优选结构:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中Q,T,R1,R2,R3,R17,R18,R19和R22的定义与上文一致。此外,R17和R18可以缺省。
优选的包含抗体和通式(V)结构的共轭偶联物包括,但不限于:
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中mAb为抗体,n为1~30。
在本发明中的细胞毒性小分子药物(多拉司他汀/澳瑞他汀)可以参考下列文献的方法制备:U.S.Pat.No.5,635,483;U.S.Pat.No.5,780,588;Pettit et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1989,111:5463-5465;Pettit et al.,J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1996,15:859-863;Shioiri et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.1993,49(9):1913-1924。示意图1说明了制备Dap单元((2R,3R,4S)-dolaproine)的方法。示意图2说明了制备Dil单元((3R,4S,5S)-dolaisoleucine)的方法。通常,多肽类药物可以通过在两个或更多氨基酸或修饰的氨基酸,或肽片段之间形成肽键而制备。这种肽键可以根据肽化学领域中熟知的标准液相或固相合成方法生成。示意图3-7说明了MMAF类似物和药物-连接体化合物的合成方法。
3.细胞结合分子(配体)
本发明中的偶联物上的细胞结合分子和修饰的细胞结合分子,可以是任意一种已知的或未知的,能与可能具有治疗意义或经生物学修饰后具有治疗意义的细胞的部分位点结合、络合或者反应的分子。
细胞结合分子包括,但不限于,大分子量的蛋白质,如完整抗体(多克隆抗体,单克隆抗体,二聚体,多聚体,多特异性抗体(例如,双特异性抗体);单链抗体;抗体片段如Fab,Fab',F(ab')2,Fv(Parham,J.Immunol.1983,131:2895-2902),由Fab表达库产生的碎片,抗独特型抗体(anti-Id),CDR's,和上述任何一种抗体的抗原表位结合片段,这些抗体能免疫特异性地结合到癌细胞的抗原、病毒抗原、微生物抗原或免疫系统产生的能够识别、结合特定的特定抗原或者能够产生所需生物活性的蛋白质(Miller et al.,J.Immunol.2003,170:4854-4861),干扰素(如I型,II,III);多肽;淋巴因子如IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-6、GM-CSF、干扰素γ(IFN-γ);激素如胰岛素、TRH(促甲状腺激素释放激素)、MSH(促黑激素),类固醇激素,如雄激素和雌激素;生长因子和集落刺激因子如表皮生长因子(EGF)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、转化生长因子(TGF),如TGFα,TGFβ,胰岛素和类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I和IGF-II)、G-CSF、M-CSF和GM CSF(Burgess,Immunol.Today,1984,5:155-158);痘苗病毒生长因子(VGF);成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF);小分子量蛋白质、肽和肽激素,如蛙皮素、胃泌素、胃泌素释放肽;血小板源性生长因子;白细胞介素和细胞因子,如白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白血病抑制因子、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);维生素,如叶酸;载脂蛋白和糖蛋白,如转铁蛋白(O'Keefe et al.,J.Biol.Chem.1985,932-937);糖结合蛋白或脂蛋白,如凝集素;细胞营养的运输分子;和小分子抑制剂,如前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)抑制剂和小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI),非肽或任何其他细胞结合的分子或物质,如生物聚合物(Dhar,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.2008,105:17356-61);树状聚合物(Lee,et al.,Nat.Biotechnol.2005,23:1517-26;Almutairi et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.2009,106:685-90);纳米微粒(Liong et al.,ACS Nano,2008,19:1309-12;Medarova etal.,Nat.Med.2007,13:372-7;Javier et al.,Bioconj.Chem.2008,19:1309-12);脂质体(Medinai et al.,Curr.Phar.Res.2004,10:2981-9);病毒衣壳(Flenniken et al.,Viruses Nanotechnol.2009,327:71-93)。一般来说,如果合适,单克隆抗体是优选的细胞表面结合剂。抗体可以来源于鼠、人、人源化的、嵌合的,或者来自其他物种。
本发明中使用的抗体的生产包括体内或体外过程或其组合方法。制备多克隆抗体的方法在本专业领域是众所周知的,例如专利U.S.Pat.No.4,493,795中所描述的方法。单克隆抗体通常是通过将骨髓瘤细胞与已经免疫所需抗原小鼠的脾细胞融合而成(and Milstein,Nature,1975,256:495-497)。详细的方法在抗体实验手册,Antibodies--ALaboratory Manual,Harlow and Lane,eds.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,New York(1988)中有描述。具体地,单克隆抗体通过用目标抗原免疫小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠或其他哺乳动物而获得,这些抗原来自靶细胞、完整病毒、灭活完整病毒和病毒蛋白等。脾细胞通常用聚乙二醇(PEG)6000与骨髓瘤细胞融合,在依据他们对HAT(次黄嘌呤-氨基蝶呤-胸腺嘧啶)的灵敏度来选择。依据与特定受体免疫反应或抑制靶细胞受体活性的能力,确定本发明中产生单克隆抗体的杂交瘤。
本发明中使用的单克隆抗体还可以利用含有包含杂交瘤细胞和营养物的培养基而产生,该杂交瘤能分泌具有适当抗原特异性的抗体分子。在一定的培养条件和能够时间内杂交瘤分泌抗体分子到培养基中。然后收集含有抗体的培养基。抗体分子进一步由各种技术分离纯化,如用蛋白A亲和层析,阴离子、阳离子、疏水性、或尺寸排色谱,离心,差别溶解,或纯化蛋白质的其他标准技术。
用于抗体制备的培养基都是本领域广为人知并商业可得的,包括合成培养基。一个典型的合成培养基是Dulbecco的最小基本培养基(DMEM;Dulbecco et al.,Virol.1959,8:396)里添加4.5克/升葡萄糖,20mM谷氨酰胺,20%胎牛血清和抗泡剂,如聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物。
此外,产生抗体的细胞株也可由除融合技术外的其他融合技术制得,如用致癌DNA直接转化B淋巴细胞,或转染肿瘤病毒,如Epstein Barr病毒(EBV,也称人类疱疹病毒4(HHV-4))或Kaposi肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)(美国专利4,341,761;4,399,121;4,427,783;4,444,887;4,451,570;4,466,917;4,472,500;4,491,632;4,493,890)。也可以通过包含羧基末端的肽或抗受体肽产生单克隆抗体(Niman et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.1983,80:4949-4953;Geysen et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.1985,82:178-182;Lei etal.Biochemistry 1995,34(20):6675-6688)。通常,抗受体的肽或肽类似物是单独使用或与免疫原性的载体共轭后,作为免疫原制备抗受体肽单克隆抗体。
也有许多其它的方法可以制备本发明中作为结合分子的单克隆抗体。特别有用的是制备完整人抗体的方法。一种方法是噬菌体展示技术,它利用亲和富集的方法选择一系列与抗原特异结合的人抗体。噬菌体展示已经在文献中得到了充分的描述,噬菌体展示库的构建和筛选在本领域中是众所周知的,例如,文献Dente et al.,Gene 1994,148(1):7-13;Little et al.,Biotechnol Adv.1994,12(3):539-55;Clackson et al.,Nature1991,352:264-628;Huse et al.,Science 1989,246:1275-1281中均有提到。
通过杂交瘤技术从源于另一种非人类的动物,如鼠所获得的单克隆抗体可以被人源化,以避免产生抗鼠抗体。抗体的人源化最常用的方法是互补决定区域移植和表面置换。这些方法在以下文献中得到了广泛的描述:美国专利5,859,205和6,797,492;Liu et al.,Immunol Rev.2008,222:9-27;Almagro et al.,Front Biosci.2008,13:1619-33;Lazaret al.,Mol.Immunol.2007,44(8):1986-98;Li et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.2006,103(10):3557-62。完全人抗体也可以通过用免疫原来免疫载有大部分人免疫球蛋白的重链和轻链的转基因小鼠,兔、猴、或其他哺乳动物而制备得到。这样的老鼠例子有:Xeno鼠(Abgenix/Amgen),HuMAb鼠(UltiMab平台,Medarex/BMS),Veloci鼠(Regeneron),Kymab(Kymouse技术),OmniRatTMand OmniMouseTM平台(Open Monoclonal Technology,Inc),在美国专利6,596,541;6,207,418;6,150,584;6,111,166;6,075,181;5,922,545;5,661,016;5,545,806;5,436,149和5,569,825中也可以看到。在人类的治疗中,小鼠可变区和人类恒定区也可以被融合,构建“嵌合抗体”,这种抗体比鼠单克隆抗体的人免疫原性弱非常多。(Kipriyanov et al.,MolBiotechnol.2004,26:39-60;Houdebine,Curr.Opin.Biotechnol.2002,13:625-9)。此外,在抗体可变区的定点突变可以产生一种对其抗原具有较高亲和力和特异性的抗体(Brannigan et al.,Nat.Rev.Mol.CellBiol.2002,3:964-70;Adams et al.,J.Immunol.Methods1999,231:249-60),并且通过交换单克隆抗体的恒定区,可以提高其介导结合和细胞毒性效应功能的能力。
针对恶性细胞抗原的免疫特异性抗体也可以通过商业途径或任何其他方法获得,例如,化学合成或重组表达技术。对恶性细胞抗原具有免疫特异性的抗体的核苷酸序列,可以从商业途径获得,例如从GenBank数据库或类似的数据库,或者从文献出版物,或通过常规克隆和测序。
除了抗体外,结合/阻断/靶向或其他方式与靶细胞表位或相应受体相互作用的肽或蛋白质也可以用作结合分子。这些肽或蛋白质可能是任何随机的对表位或相应受体具有亲和力的肽或蛋白质,它们不一定是免疫球蛋白家族成员。这些肽可以通过类似噬菌体展示抗体的技术分离(Szardenings,J.Recept.Signal Transduct Res.2003,23(4):307-49)。这种随机肽库中的肽的使用类似于抗体和抗体片段。肽或蛋白质的结合分子可以结合或连接到大分子或材料上,如白蛋白、聚合物、脂质体、纳米颗粒,但不限于此,只要连接之后肽或蛋白质仍然保持其抗原结合特异性。
用于治疗癌症、自身免疫性疾病和传染性疾病的抗体药物共轭物上抗体的例子,包括但不限于3F8(抗CD2)、Abagovomab(抗CA-125)、Abciximab(抗CD41(整合素αIIb)、Adalimumab(抗TNF-α)、Adecatumumab(anti-EpCAM,CD326)、Afelimomab(抗TNF-α)、Afutuzumab(抗CD20)、Alacizumab(抗VEGFR2)、ALD518(抗IL-6)、Alemtuzumab(Campath,MabCampath,抗CD52)、Altumomab(anti-CEA)、Anatumomab(抗TAG-72)、Anrukinzumab(IMA-638,抗IL-13)、Apolizumab(抗HLA-DR)、Arcitumomab(抗CEA)、Aselizumab(抗L-选择蛋白(CD62L)、Atlizumab(tocilizumab,Actemra,RoActemra,抗IL-6受体)、Atorolimumab(抗Rhesus因子)、Bapineuzumab(抗β-amyloid)、Basiliximab(Simulect,抗CD25)、Bavituximab(抗磷脂酰丝氨酸)、Bectumomab(LymphoScan,抗CD22)、Belimumab(Benlysta,LymphoStat-B,抗BAFF)、Benralizumab(抗CD125)、Bertilimumab(抗CCL11(嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-1))、Besilesomab(Scintimun,抗CEA相关抗原)、Bevacizumab(Avastin,抗VEGF-A)、Biciromab(FibriScint,抗血纤维蛋白IIβ链)、Bivatuzumab(抗CD44 v6)、Blinatumomab(BiTE,抗CD19)、Brentuximab(cAC10,抗CD30 TNFRSF8)、Briakinumab(抗IL-12,IL-23)、Canakinumab(Ilaris、抗IL-1)、Cantuzumab(C242,抗CanAg)、卡罗单抗、Catumaxomab(Removab,抗EpCAM,抗CD3)、CC49(抗TAG-72)、Cedelizumab(抗CD4)、Certolizumab(Cimzia,抗TNF-α)、Cetuximab(Erbitux,IMC-C225,抗表皮生长因子受体)、Citatuzumab(抗EpCAM)、Cixutumumab(抗IGF-1)、Clenoliximab(抗CD4)、Clivatuzumab(抗MUC1)、Conatumumab(抗TRAIL-R2)、CR6261(抗流感血凝素)、Dacetuzumab(抗CD40)、Daclizumab(赛尼哌,抗CD25(IL-2受体α链))、Daratumumab(抗-CD38(环腺苷二磷酸核糖水解酶)、Denosumab(Prolia,抗RANKL),Detumomab(抗B细胞淋巴瘤细胞)、Dorlimomab、Dorlixizumab、Ecromeximab(抗-GD3神经节苷脂)、Eculizumab(Soliris,抗C5)、Edobacomab(抗内皮黄曲霉毒素)、Edrecolomab(Panorex、MAb17-1A,抗EpCAM)、Efalizumab(Raptiva,抗LFA-1(CD11a))、Efungumab(Mycograb,抗Hsp90)、Elotuzumab(抗SLAMF7),Elsilimomab(抗IL-6)、Enlimomab(抗ICAM-1(CD54))、Epitumomab(抗episialin)、Epratuzumab(抗CD22)、Erlizumab(anti-ITGB2(CD18))、Ertumaxomab(Rexomun,抗HER2/neu,CD3)、Etaracizumab(Abegrin,抗整合素αVβ3)、Exbivirumab(抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原)、Fanolesomab(NeutroSpec,抗CD15)、Faralimomab(抗干扰素受体)、Farletuzumab(抗叶酸受体1)、Felvizumab(抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、Fezakinumab(抗IL-22)、Figitumumab(抗IGF-1受体)、Fontolizumab(抗IFN-γ)、Foravirumab(抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白)、FresolimumaB(抗TGF-β)、Galiximab(抗CD80)、Gantenerumab(抗β-淀粉样蛋白)、Gavilimomab(抗CD147(Basigin))、Gemtuzumab(抗CD33)、Girentuximab(抗碳酸酐酶9)、Glembatumumab(CR011,抗GPNMB)、Golimumab(Simponi,抗肿瘤坏死因子-α)、Gomiliximab(抗CD23(IgE受体))、Ibalizumab(抗CD4)、Ibritumomab(抗CD20)、Igovomab(Indimacis-125,抗CA-125)、Imciromab(喷替酸英西单抗、抗心肌肌球蛋白)、Infliximab(英夫利昔单抗,抗肿瘤坏死因子-α)、Intetumumab(抗-CD51)、Inolimomab(抗CD25(IL-2受体α链))、Inotuzumab(抗CD22)、Ipilimumab(抗CD152)、Iratumumab(抗CD30(TNFRSF8))、Keliximab(抗CD4)、Labetuzumab(CEA-CIDE,抗CEA)、Lebrikizumab(抗IL-13)、Lemalesomab(anti-NCA-90(粒细胞抗原))、Lerdelimumab(抗TGF-β2)、Lexatumumab(抗TRAIL-R2)、Libivirumab(抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原)、Lintuzumab(抗CD33)、Lucatumumab(抗CD40)、Lumiliximab(抗CD23(IgE受体)、Mapatumumab(抗TRAIL-R1)、Maslimomab(抗T细胞受体)、Matuzumab(抗表皮生长因子受体)、Mepolizumab(bosatria、抗IL-5)、Metelimumab(抗TGF-β1)、Milatuzumab(抗CD74)、Minretumomab(抗TAG-72)、Mitumomab(BEC-2,抗GD3神经节苷脂)、Morolimumab(抗Rhesus因子)、Motavizumab(NUMAX,抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、莫罗单抗-CD3(Orthoclone OKT3,抗CD3)、Nacolomab(抗c242)、Naptumomab(抗5T4)、Natalizumab(Tysabri,抗整合素α4)、Nebacumab(抗内毒素)、Necitumumab(抗表皮生长因子受体)、Nerelimomab(抗肿瘤坏死因子-α)、Nimotuzumab(Theracim,Theraloc,抗表皮生长因子受体)、Nofetumomab、Ocrelizumab(抗CD20)、Odulimomab(afolimomab,抗LFA-1(抗CD11a))、Ofatumumab(Arzerra,抗CD20)、Olaratumab(抗PDGF-Rα)、Omalizumab(Xolair,抗IgE Fc区)、Oportuzumab(抗EpCAM)、Oregovomab(ovarex,抗CA-125)、Otelixizumab(抗CD3)、Pagibaximab(抗脂磷壁酸)、Palivizumab(Synagis,Abbosynagis,抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、Panitumumab(Vectibix,ABX-EGF,抗表皮生长因子受体)、Panobacumab(抗Pseudomonasaeruginosa)、Pascolizumab(抗IL-4)、Pemtumomab(Theragyn抗MUC1)、帕妥珠单抗(Omnitarg,2C4,抗HER2/neu)、Pexelizumab(抗C5)、Pintumomab(抗腺癌抗原)、Priliximab(抗CD4)、Pritumumab(抗波形蛋白)、Pro 140(抗CCR5)、Racotumomab(1E10,抗-(N-糖基神经氨酸(NeuGc,NGNA)-神经节苷脂GM3))、Rafivirumab(抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白)、Ramucirumab(抗VEGFR2)、Ranibizumab(雷珠单抗,抗血管内皮生长因子A)、Raxibacumab(抗炭疽毒素保护性抗原)、Regavirumab(抗巨细胞病毒糖蛋白B),reslizumab(抗IL-5),Rilotumumab(抗HGF)、Rituximab(美罗华,Rituxanmab,抗CD20)、Robatumumab(抗IGF-1受体)、Rontalizumab(抗IFN-α)、Rovelizumab(Leukarrest,抗CD11,CD18)、Ruplizumab(Antova,抗CD154(CD40L))、Satumomab(抗TAG-72)、Sevirumab(抗巨细胞病毒)、西罗珠单抗(抗FAP)、Sifalimumab(抗IFN-α)、Siltuximab(抗IL-6)、Siplizumab(抗CD2)、(智能)MI95(抗CD33)、Solanezumab(抗βamyloid)、Sonepcizumab(抗1-磷酸-鞘氨醇)、Sontuzumab(抗episialin)、Stamulumab(抗肌肉生长抑制素)、Sulesomab(LeukoScan,抗NCA-90(粒细胞抗原))、Tacatuzumab(抗α胎蛋白)、Tadocizumab(抗整合素αIIbβ3)、Talizumab(抗IgE)、Tanezumab(抗NGF)、Taplitumomab(抗CD19)、Tefibazumab(Aurexis,抗凝集因子A)、Telimomab、Tenatumomab(抗腱生蛋白C)、Teneliximab(抗CD40)、Teplizumab(抗CD3),TGN1412(抗CD28)、Ticilimumab(Tremelimumab,抗CTLA-4),Tigatuzumab(抗TRAIL-R2)、TNX-650(抗IL-13),Tocilizumab(Atlizumab,Actemra,RoActemra(抗IL-6受体)、Toralizumab(抗CD154(CD40L))、Tositumomab(抗CD20)、Trastuzumab(Herceptin,抗HER2/neu)、Tremelimumab(抗CTLA-4)、Tucotuzumab(抗EpCAM)、Tuvirumab(抗乙型肝炎病毒)、Urtoxazumab(抗Escherichia杆菌)、Ustekinumab(Stelara,抗IL-12、IL-23)、Vapaliximab(抗AOC3(VAP-1))、Vedolizumab(抗整合素α4β7)、Veltuzumab(抗CD20)、Vepalimomab(抗AOC3(VAP-1)、Visilizumab(Nuvion,抗CD3)、Vitaxin(抗血管整合素avb3)、Volociximab(抗整合素α5β1)、Votumumab(HumaSPECT,肿瘤抗原CTAA16.88)、Zalutumumab(HuMaxEGFr,抗表皮生长因子受体)、Zanolimumab(HUMAX-CD4,抗CD4)、Ziralimumab(抗CD147(Basigin))、Zolimomab(抗CD5)、依那西普AlefaceptAbataceptRilonacept(Arcalyst)、14F7(抗irp-2,铁调节蛋白2)、14G2a(抗GD2神经节苷脂)、J591抗体(抗PSMA,威尔康奈尔医学院)、225.28S(抗HMW-MAA,高分子量黑色素瘤相关抗原)、Sorin Radiofarmaci S.R.L.,COL-1(抗CEACAM3,CGM1)、CYT-356(前列腺癌)、HNK20(OraVax Inc呼吸道合胞病毒)、ImmuRAIT(Immunomedics)、Lym-1(抗HLA-DR10)、MAK-195F(抗TNFA,TNFα,TNFSF2)、Medi-500(T10B9,抗CD3,TRαβ复合物(T细胞受体α/β))、Ring Scan(抗TAG72)、Avicidin(抗EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子)、抗TACSTD1(肿瘤相关钙信号转导1)、抗GA733-2(胃肠道肿瘤相关蛋白2)、抗EGP-2(上皮糖蛋白2)、抗KSA、KS1/4抗原、M4S(肿瘤抗原17-1A,CD326)、LymphoCide(Immunomedics)、SmartID10(Protein Design实验室)、Oncolym(Techniclone Inc)、Allomune(Biotransplant)、抗血管内皮生长因子(基因泰克)、CEAcide(Immunomedics)、IMC-1C11(ImClone/礼来)和Cetuximab(ImClone/礼来)。
作为结合分子的其他抗体包括但不限于下列抗原的抗体:氨肽酶N(CD13)、Annexin A1、B7-H3(CD276,各种癌症)、CA125(卵巢癌)、CA15-3(各种癌症)、CA19-9(各种癌症)、L6(各种癌症)、Lewis Y(各种癌症)、Lewis X(各种癌症)、α胎蛋白(各种癌症)、CA242(结直肠癌)、胎盘碱性磷酸酶(各种癌症)、前列腺特异性抗原(前列腺癌)、前列腺酸性磷酸酶(前列腺癌)、表皮生长因子(各种癌症)、CD2(霍奇金病淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤)、CD3ε(T细胞淋巴瘤,胃癌,肺癌,乳腺癌,卵巢癌、自身免疫性疾病,恶性腹水)、CD19(B细胞恶性肿瘤)、CD20(非霍奇金淋巴瘤)、CD22(白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、系统性红斑狼疮)、CD30(霍奇金淋巴瘤)、CD33(白血病、自身免疫性疾病)、CD38(多发性骨髓瘤)、CD40(淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,白血病)、CD51(转移黑色素瘤,肉瘤)、CD52(白血病)、CD56(小细胞肺癌,卵巢癌,默克尔细胞癌,液体肿瘤,多发性骨髓瘤)、CD66E(各种癌症)、CD70(转移性肾细胞癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤)、CD74(多发性骨髓瘤)、CD80(淋巴瘤)、CD98(各种癌症)、粘蛋白(各种癌症)、CD21(实体瘤)、CD227(乳腺癌,卵巢癌)、CD262(非小细胞肺癌和其他癌症)、CD309(卵巢癌)、CD326(实体瘤)、CEACAM3(大肠癌,胃癌)、CEACAM5(癌胚抗原,CEA,CD66E)(乳腺、结肠直肠癌和肺癌)、DLL4(Δ-类-4)、EGFR(表皮生长因子受体,各种癌症)、CTLA4(黑色素瘤),CXCR4(CD184,血红素肿瘤,固体肿瘤)、Endoglin(CD105,实体瘤)、EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子,膀胱癌,头癌,颈癌,结肠癌,淋巴瘤,前列腺癌,卵巢癌)、ERBB2(表皮生长因子受体2,肺癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌)、FCGR1(自身免疫性疾病)、FOLR(叶酸受体,卵巢癌)、GD2的神经节苷脂(各种癌症)、G-28(黑色素瘤)、GD3个体基因型(各种癌症)、热休克蛋白(各种癌症)、HER1(肺癌,胃癌)、HER2(乳腺癌,H肺癌,卵巢癌)、HLA-DR10(NHL)、HLA-DRB(NHL,B细胞白血病)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(各种癌症)、IGF1R(胰岛素样生长因子1受体,固体肿瘤,血液肿瘤)、白细胞介素-2受体(白细胞介素2受体,T细胞白血病和淋巴瘤)、IL-6(白细胞介素6受体,多发性骨髓瘤、类风湿性关节炎,Castleman病,IL6依赖性肿瘤)、整合素(αVβ3,α5β1,α6β4,α11β3,α5β5,αVβ5、各种癌症)、MAGE-1(各种癌症)、MAGE-2(各种癌症)、MAGE-3(各种癌症)、MAGE-4(各种癌症)、抗其转铁蛋白受体(各种癌症)、p97(黑色素瘤)、MS4A1(非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤,白血病)、MUC1或MUC1-KLH(乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,支气管和胃肠道癌症)、MUC16(CA125,卵巢癌)、CEA(结肠直肠癌)、GP100(黑色素瘤)、MART1(黑色素瘤)、MPG(黑色素瘤)、MS4A1(小细胞肺癌,NHL)、Nucleolin(Neu致癌基因产物,各种癌)、p21(各类癌)、抗(N-糖基神经氨酸)抗体结合部位(乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤)、类PLAP睾丸碱性磷酸酶(卵巢癌、睾丸癌)、PSMA(前列腺癌)、PSA(前列腺癌)、ROBO4、TAG 72(肿瘤相关糖蛋白72,AML,胃癌,结肠癌,卵巢癌)、T细胞跨膜蛋白(各类肿瘤)、Tie(CD202b)、TNFRSF10B(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10B,各类癌症)、TNFRSF13B(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员13B,多发性骨髓瘤,淋巴瘤,NHL,其他癌症,RA和SLE)、TPBG(滋养层细胞糖蛋白,肾细胞癌)、TRAIL-R1(肿瘤坏死凋亡诱导配体受体1,淋巴瘤,NHL,结肠癌,肺癌)、VCAM-1(CD106,黑色素瘤)、血管内皮生长因子、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF)、血管内皮生长因子2(CD309)(各类癌症)。其他的抗体能够识别的肿瘤相关的抗原可见于综述文献:Gerber et al.,mAbs2009,1(3):247-253;Novellino et al.,CancerImmunol.Immunother.2005,54(3):187-207;Franke et al.,CancerBiother.Radiopharm.2000,15:459-76。这些抗原的例子有:CD4、CD5、CD6、CD7、CD8、CD9、CD10、CD11a、CD11b、CD11c、CD12w、CD14、CD15、CD16、CDw17、CD18、CD21、CD23、CD24、CD25、CD26、CD27、CD28、CD29、CD31、CD32、CD34、CD35、CD36、CD37、CD41、CD42、CD43、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD47、CD48、CD49b、CD49c、CD53、CD54、CD55、CD58、CD59、CD61、CD62E、CD62L、CD62P、CD63、CD68、CD69、CD71、CD72、CD79、CD81、CD82、CD83、CD86、CD87、CD88、CD89、CD90、CD91、CD95、CD96、CD100、CD103、CD105、CD106、CD109、CD117、CD120、CD127、CD133、CD134、CD135、CD138、CD141、CD142、CD143、CD144、CD147、CD151、CD152、CD154、CD156、CD158、CD163、CD166、CD168、CD184、CDw186、CD195、CD202(a,b)、CD209、CD235a、CD271、CD303、CD304、膜联蛋白A1、核仁素、内皮因子(CD105)、ROBO4、氨基肽酶N、DLL4、VEGFR-2(CD309)、CXCR4(9CD184)、Tie2、B7-H3、WT1、MUC1、LMP2、HPV E6 E7、EGFRvIII、HER-2/neu、独特型抗原、MAGE A3、p53非突变体、NY-ESO-1、GD2、CEA、MelanA/MART1、RAS突变体、gp100、p53突变体、蛋白酶3(PR1)、BCR-AB1、酪氨酸酶、生存素、hTERT、肉瘤易位断点、EphA2、PAP、ML-IAP、AFP、EpCAM、ERG(TMPRSS2 ETS融合基因)、NA17、PAX3、ALK、雄性激素受体、细胞周期蛋白B1、聚唾液酸、MYCN、RhoC、TRP-2、GD3、岩藻糖GM1、间皮素、PSCA、MAGE A1、sLe(a)、CYP1B1、PLAC1、GM3、BORIS、Tn、GloboH、ETV6-AML、NY-BR-1、RGS5、SART3、STn、碳酸酐酶IX、PAX5、OY-TES1、精子蛋白17、LCK、HMWMAA、AKAP-4、SSX2、XAGE 1、B7H3、Legumain、Tie 2、Page4、VEGFR2、MAD-CT-1、FAP、PDGFR-β、MAD-CT-2、Fos相关抗体1。
在一具体实施例中,本发明的偶联物可用于治疗癌症。这些癌症包括,但不限于,肾上腺皮质癌,肛门癌,膀胱癌,脑瘤(成人,脑干胶质瘤,儿童小脑星形细胞瘤,室管膜瘤、髓母细胞瘤,星形细胞瘤、原始神经外胚叶和松果体肿瘤、视觉通路和下丘脑胶质瘤),乳腺癌,类癌,胃肠道,原发癌,宫颈癌,结肠癌,子宫内膜癌,食管癌,肝外胆管癌,尤文家族肿瘤(PNET),颅外生殖细胞肿瘤、眼肿瘤、胆囊癌、眼内黑色素瘤,胃癌(胃),性腺外生殖细胞肿瘤,妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤;头颈癌、下咽癌、胰岛细胞癌、肾癌(肾细胞癌)、喉癌、白血病(急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓系白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、多毛细胞),唇癌、口腔癌、肝癌、肺癌(非小细胞、小细胞、淋巴瘤(AIDS)、中枢神经系统、皮肤T细胞、霍奇金病、非霍奇金病,恶性间皮瘤、黑色素瘤、默克尔细胞癌、隐匿性原发、多发性骨髓瘤转移鳞状宫颈癌,和其他浆细胞肿瘤,蕈样肉芽肿,骨髓增生异常综合征、骨髓增生性疾病,鼻咽癌,神经母细胞瘤,口腔癌,口咽癌,骨肉瘤,卵巢癌(上皮,Germ Cell Tumor,低度恶性肿瘤),胰腺癌(外分泌腺、胰岛细胞癌)、鼻窦癌和鼻腔癌、甲状旁腺癌、阴茎癌、嗜铬细胞瘤癌、垂体癌、浆细胞瘤、前列腺癌横纹肌肉瘤,直肠癌、肾癌(肾细胞癌)、Ureter(肾盂移行细胞),唾液腺癌,Sezary综合征,皮肤癌,皮肤癌(皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤,卡波西氏肉瘤,黑色素瘤),小肠癌,软组织肉瘤,胃癌,睾丸癌,胸腺瘤(恶性),甲状腺癌,尿道癌,子宫癌(肉瘤),童年,不寻常的癌阴道癌,外阴癌,肾母细胞瘤。
在另一个具体实施例中,本发明的药物可以用于一种药物组合或方法,以治疗或预防自身免疫性疾病。自身免疫性疾病包括但不限于,Achlorhydra自身免疫性慢性肝炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎,急性出血性leukoence脑炎、艾迪生氏症、无丙种球蛋白血症、斑秃,肌萎缩侧索硬化症、强直性脊柱炎、抗GBM、TBM肾炎、抗磷脂综合征,抗合成酶综合征、关节炎、过敏性过敏、过敏性皮炎、自身免疫性再生障碍性贫血,自身免疫性心肌病、自身免疫性溶血性贫血,自身免疫性肝炎,自身免疫性内耳病,自身免疫性淋巴增生综合征,自身免疫性周围神经病变、自身免疫性胰腺炎、自身免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征类型I,II,和III,自身免疫性黄体酮皮炎、自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎,Balo病/Balo同心圆硬化,Bechets综合征、伯杰氏病、Bickerstaff脑炎、布劳综合征、BullousPemphigoid,Castleman病,锥虫病,慢性疲劳免疫功能紊乱综合征,慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病、慢性复发性多灶性骨髓炎、慢性莱姆病,慢性阻塞性肺疾病,变应性斯特劳斯综合征、CicatricialPemphigoid、乳糜泻、Cogan综合征、冷凝集素病、补体成分2不足,颅动脉炎,CREST综合征,克罗恩病(一种特发性炎症性肠病)、库欣综合征、Cutaneousleukocytoclasticangiitis,成都德高病窦根氏病、疱疹样皮炎、皮肌炎、1型糖尿病、弥漫性皮肤系统性硬化症、德雷斯勒综合征、盘状红斑性狼疮,湿疹、子宫内膜异位症、附着点炎相关的关节炎,嗜酸性筋膜炎,大疱性表皮松解,Erythema nodosum,冷球蛋白血症、埃文综合征,fibrodysplasia ossificans逐步纤维化,肌纤维质炎、fibromyalgia,aveolitis,胃炎、胃肠类天疱疮、巨细胞动脉炎、肾小球肾炎、肺出血肾炎综合征、Graves病、GuillainBarré综合征,Hashimoto的脑炎、Hashimoto甲状腺炎、溶血性贫血、妊娠疱疹、HenochSchonleinpurpura、Hidradenitissuppurativa、休斯综合征(见抗磷脂综合征),低丙种球蛋白血症、特发性炎性脱髓鞘疾病,特发性肺纤维化,特发性血小板减少性紫癜(见免疫性血小板减少性紫癜),IgA肾病(伯杰病)、包涵体肌炎、炎性脱髓鞘polyneuopathy,间质性膀胱炎、肠易激综合征,幼年特发性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎,川崎的病,兰伯特-伊顿肌无力综合征,白细胞破碎性血管炎,扁平苔藓地衣地衣,Lichen sclerosus,线状IgA病(LAD),Lou Gehrig’s病(肌萎缩侧索硬化lupoid also)、肝炎、红斑狼疮、马吉德综合征,显微镜下多血管炎,Miller Fisher综合征,混合性结缔组织病、硬皮病、MuchaHabermann病、多–威尔斯综合征、多发性骨髓瘤,多发性硬化症、重症肌无力、肌炎、发作性睡病,Neuromyelitisoptica(Devic病)、Neuromyotonia、眼瘢痕性类天疱疮、眼阵挛-肌阵挛综合征,ORD甲状腺炎,复发性风湿病,熊猫(与链球菌相关的儿童自身免疫神经精神病),副肿瘤性小脑变性、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症,Parry-Romberg综合征,parsonnage特纳综合征,扁平部睫状体炎、天疱疮、Pemphigus vulgaris、恶性贫血,静脉周围炎,POEMS综合征,结节性多动脉炎,风湿性多肌痛、肌炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化,原发性硬化性胆管炎,进行性炎性神经病,银屑病,银屑病关节炎,Pyodermagangrenosum,纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血,拉斯姆森的脑炎、Raynaud现象,复发性多软骨炎、赖特综合征、不宁腿综合症,腹膜后纤维化,类风湿关节炎,类风湿,结节病、精神分裂症、施密特综合征、施尼茨勒综合征,巩膜炎、硬皮病、干燥综合征舍格伦综合征,脊柱关节病,粘血综合征,斯蒂尔病,僵人综合征,亚急性细菌性心内膜炎,Susac综合征,Sweet综合征、小舞蹈病、交感性眼炎,Takayasu的动脉炎、颞动脉炎(巨细胞动脉炎)、Tolosa Hunt综合征、脊髓炎,溃疡性结肠炎(一种特发性炎症性肠病),未分化结缔组织病、未分化脊柱关节病、脉管炎、白癜风、韦格纳肉芽肿、Wilson综合征、Wiskott Aldrich综合征。
在另一具体实施例中,用于治疗或预防自身免疫疾病的偶联物上的结合分子包括,但不限于,抗弹性蛋白抗体;抗上皮细胞抗体Abys;抗基底膜IV型胶原蛋白抗体;抗核抗体;抗ds-DNA;抗单链DNA、抗心磷脂抗体IgM、IgG抗体;抗腹腔;抗磷脂抗体IGK,IgG抗体;抗Sm抗体;抗线粒体抗体;甲状腺微粒体抗体、T细胞抗体;抗体;甲状腺球蛋白抗体,抗Scl-70抗体;抗Jo;anti-u.sub.1rnp;抗La/SSB;抗SSA抗体;抗SSB;反perital细胞抗体;抗组蛋白;抗RNP;C-ANCA;P-ANCA;抗着丝点;和抗纤维蛋白抗体,抗GBM抗体,抗神经节苷脂;抗desmogein 3抗体;抗P62抗体;抗SP100抗体;抗线粒体抗体(M2);类风湿因子抗体;抗MCV抗体;抗拓扑异构酶抗体;抗中性粒细胞胞浆(cANCA)抗体。
在某些优选的实施方案中,本发明的偶联物上的结合分子,可以与表达在与自身免疫性疾病相关的活化淋巴细胞上的受体或受体复合物相结合。这些受体或受体复合物包括免疫球蛋白基因超家族成员(如CD2,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD22,CD28,CD79,CD90,CD152/CTLA-4,PD-1或ICOS),TNF受体超级家族成员(如CD27,CD40,CD95/Fas,CD134/OX40,CD137/4-1BB,INF-R1,TNFR-2,RANK,TACI,BCMA,骨保护素,Apo2/TRAIL-R1,TRAIL-R2,TRAIL-R3,TRAIL-R4和APO-3),整合素、细胞因子受体、趋化因子受体、主要组织相容性蛋白、凝集素(C型、S型、或I型),或补体调节蛋白。
在另一个具体实施例中,结合分子是对病毒或微生物抗原具有免疫特异性的人源化或人类的单克隆抗体。“病毒抗原”包括,但不限于,任何病毒肽,能够引起免疫反应的多肽蛋白,例如HIV gp120,HIV nef,RSV F糖蛋白,流感病毒的神经氨酸酶,流感病毒血凝素,HTLV,单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白(如gB,gC,gD和gE)和乙型肝炎表面抗原。“微生物抗原”包括,但不限于,能够引起免疫反应的任何微生物肽、多肽、蛋白质、糖类、多糖或脂类分子,例如细菌、真菌、致病性原虫或酵母多肽(包括脂多糖和荚膜多糖)。可以用于病毒或微生物感染疾病的抗体的例子包括,但不限于,Palivizumab,它是一种治疗RSV的人源化的抗呼吸道合胞病毒的单克隆抗体;Pro542,它是治疗HIV感染的CD4融合抗体;ostavir,它是治疗乙肝病毒的人源化抗体;Protvir,它是一种人源化的IgG sub.1抗体,用于治疗巨细胞病毒,也是一种抗内毒素抗体。
本发明的药物偶联物可用于治疗感染性疾病。这些感染性疾病包括但不限于不动杆菌属感染,放线菌病,非洲昏睡病(非洲锥虫病),艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合症),阿米巴病,无形体病,炭疽,溶血性阿尔康菌,阿根廷出血热,蛔虫病,曲霉病,星状病毒感染,巴贝斯虫病,蜡状芽孢杆菌感染,细菌性肺炎,细菌性阴道炎,类杆菌感染,小袋纤毛虫病,拜林蛔虫感染,BK病毒感染,黑色毛结节菌病,人芽囊原虫感染,芽生菌病,玻利维亚出血热,包柔氏螺旋体菌感染,肉毒中毒(和婴儿肉毒中毒)巴利综合征,布氏杆菌病,布鲁氏菌病,伯克霍尔德氏菌感染,布鲁里溃疡,杯状病毒感染(诺如病毒和沙波病毒),弯曲菌病,念珠菌病(雪口病白念菌病;鹅口疮),猫抓病,蜂窝组织炎,查格斯病(美洲锥虫病)肺炎衣原体感染,霍乱,Chromob感染性梭状芽胞杆菌感染,球孢子菌病,科罗拉多蜱热,感冒(急性病毒性鼻咽炎;急性鼻炎),克雅氏病,克里米亚-刚果出血热,隐球菌病,隐孢子虫病,皮肤幼虫移徙,环孢子虫病,囊虫病,巨细胞病毒感染,登革热,双阿米巴病,白喉,裂头绦虫病,麦地那龙线虫病,埃博拉出血热,包虫病,埃里希体病,蛲虫病,肠球菌感染,肠道病毒感染,流行性斑疹伤寒,传染性红斑(第五种疾病),子宫内膜炎,姜片虫病,片形吸虫病,致命性家族性失眠,丝虫病,产气荚膜梭菌食物中毒,自由生活阿米巴感染,杰茨曼-斯脱司勒-史茵克综合征,贾第虫病,鼻疽,腭口线虫病,淋病,肉芽肿(杜诺凡病),A群链球菌感染,B群链球菌感染,流感嗜血杆菌感染,手足病和口腔疾病(HFMD),汉坦病毒肺综合征,Hel肾综合征出血热,甲型肝炎,乙型肝炎,丙型肝炎,丁型肝炎,戊型肝炎,单纯性疱疹,组织胞浆菌病,钩虫感染,人博卡病毒感染,人类埃里希体病,人类粒细胞性白血病人单核细胞,埃立克体病,人类乳头状瘤病毒感染,人副流感病毒感染,微小膜壳绦虫病,爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒传染性单核细胞增多症(单),流感,等孢子虫病,川崎病,角膜炎,从血、骨、关节及咽喉感染和正常粘膜培养中分离的一个菌种感染,库鲁病,拉沙热,军团菌病,退伍军人病,麻风病,钩端螺旋体病,李斯特氏病,莱姆病,莱姆病,淋巴丝虫病,淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎,疟疾,马尔堡出血热,麻疹,类鼻疽(Whitmore病),脑膜炎,脑膜炎,脑膜炎,脑膜炎,微孢子虫病,传染性软疣,流行性腮腺炎,小鼠斑疹伤寒(地方性斑疹伤寒),支原体肺炎,足肿病,蝇蛆病,新生儿结膜炎(新生儿眼炎),变异型皮质-纹体-脊髓变性病(vCJD,nvCJD),盘尾丝虫病(南美洲芽生菌病),并殖吸虫病,巴斯德氏菌病,头虱病(头虱),虱病(体虱),耻骨阴虱(阴虱,蟹虱),盆腔炎,百日咳百日咳,肺炎球菌感染,肺炎球菌肺炎,肺炎,小儿麻痹,普雷沃菌感染,原发性阿米巴性脑膜脑炎,进行性多灶性脑白质病,鹦鹉热,Q热,狂犬病,鼠咬热,呼吸道合胞病毒感染,鼻孢子虫病,鼻病毒感染,立克次体感染,立克次体,裂谷热,洛矶山斑疹热,轮状病毒感染,茹严重急性呼吸系统综合症,Sc疮,血吸虫病,败血症,志贺病(细菌性痢疾),带状疱疹(带状疱疹),天花(天花),孢子丝菌病,葡萄球菌食物中毒,葡萄球菌感染,类肉芽肿病,梅毒,绦虫病,破伤风(Lockjaw),头癣(Barber's itch),头癣(头皮癣),股癣(体癣),股癣(股癣),手足癣(手癣),癣,癣癣(脚癣),癣(甲癣),花斑癣(花斑癣),毒蛾(眼球幼虫),弓形虫病,弓形体病,旋毛虫病,滴虫病,毛滴虫病,结核病,兔热病,委内瑞拉马脑炎,委内瑞拉出血热,病毒性肺炎,西尼罗河热,白色疫病,假结核耶尔森氏菌感染,耶尔森氏菌病,黄热病,接合菌病。
本发明中结合分子,优选为抗体,可以抗致病菌株,这些菌株包括,但不限于鲍氏不动杆菌,以色列放线菌,戈氏放线菌和丙酸放线菌,布氏锥虫,HIV(人免疫缺陷病毒),痢疾阿米巴,无形体属,炭疽芽孢杆菌,溶血弧菌,胡宁病毒,蛔虫属,曲霉属,星状病毒科,巴贝虫属,蜡状芽孢杆菌,多种细菌,拟杆菌属,大肠杆菌,西氏贝属,BK病毒,毛结节菌,芽囊霉菌,皮炎芽生菌,马查普病毒,鲍氏属,肉毒杆菌,沙巴,布鲁氏菌属,通常为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌和其他伯克霍尔德氏菌种,溃疡分枝杆菌,杯状病毒科,弯曲杆菌属,通常是白色念珠菌和其他念珠菌属,巴尔通氏体,甲状链球菌和葡萄球菌,锥虫,血足纲,水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV),沙眼衣原体,肺炎衣原体,霍乱弧菌,裴氏着色霉,中华枝睾吸虫,艰难梭状芽胞杆菌,粗球孢子菌,球孢子菌属,科罗拉多猪瘟病毒、鼻病毒,冠状病毒,CJD朊病毒蛋白,克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒,新生隐球菌,隐孢子虫属,巴西钩虫;多寄生虫,环孢菌,绦虫,巨细胞病毒,登革热病毒(den-1,den-2,den-3和den-4),黄病毒、脆双核阿米巴、白喉棒状杆菌,麦地那龙线虫,绦虫,细粒棘球绦虫属,埃博拉病毒,埃立克体属,肠球菌、肠球菌属、肠病毒属、瑞克特西亚行、帕尔沃病毒B19、人类疱疹病毒6和人类疱疹病毒7、筋膜瘤,肝片吸虫和巨大吸虫,FFI朊病毒,Filarioidea超家族,产气荚膜梭菌,梭杆菌属,产气荚膜梭菌;其他梭状芽孢杆菌,白地霉,GSS朊病毒,肠道贾第虫,伯克霍尔德氏菌,棘颚口线虫和刚棘颚口线虫,淋病奈瑟氏球菌,肉芽肿克雷伯菌,化脓性链球菌,无乳链球菌,流感嗜血杆菌,肠道病毒,主要是柯萨奇病毒A和肠道病毒71,Sin Nombre病毒,幽门螺杆菌,大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7,布尼亚病毒科,甲型肝炎病毒,乙型肝炎病毒,丙型肝炎病毒,丁型肝炎病毒,戊型肝炎病毒,单纯疱疹病毒1型,单纯疱疹病毒2型,荚膜组织胞浆菌,十二指肠腺癌和美洲黑颈灰蚁,流感嗜血杆菌,人博卡病毒,埃里希体,嗜吞噬细胞无嗜血杆菌,人偏肺病毒,查菲埃里希体,人乳头瘤病毒,人副流感病毒,短膜壳绦虫和短膜壳绦虫,爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒,正粘病毒科,贝氏等孢球虫,金格杆菌,肺克雷伯菌属,克雷伯氏菌,克雷伯氏菌,克鲁维氏菌,库鲁氏朊病毒,拉沙病毒,嗜肺军团菌,嗜肺军团菌,利什曼原虫属,麻风分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌,钩端螺旋体属,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,伯氏疏螺旋体和其他疏螺旋体属物种,班氏丝虫和马来丝虫、淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV),疟原虫属,马尔堡病毒,麻疹病毒,假性假性脊膜炎,奈瑟氏菌丝,异位性肌炎,微孢子虫门,软体动物感染病毒(MCV),腮腺炎病毒,伤寒立克次氏体,肺炎支原体,无数种细菌(放线足菌肿)和真菌(真足菌肿),寄生双翅蝇幼虫,沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌,vCJD朊病毒,诺卡氏菌和诺卡氏菌属物种,盘尾丝虫扭转,芽生菌,卫氏并殖吸虫和其他并殖属,Pasteurella属,头虱,体虱,阴虱,百日咳博德特氏菌,鼠疫耶尔森氏菌,肺炎链球菌,jirovecii肺炎球菌,脊髓灰质炎病毒,Prevotella属,福氏耐格里阿米巴,JC病毒,鹦鹉热衣原体,贝纳特氏立克次体,狂犬病病毒,念珠状链杆菌,螺旋状菌属,呼吸道合胞病毒,鼻孢子菌,鼻病毒,立克次氏体,立克次氏体,裂谷热病毒,立克次氏立克次氏体,轮状病毒,风疹病毒,沙门氏菌属,SARS冠状病毒,疥螨,Schistosoma属,志贺菌属,水痘带状疱疹病毒,主要天花病毒或天花病毒,申克孢子丝菌,葡萄球菌属,葡萄球菌属,金黄色葡萄球菌,化脓性链球菌,类圆线虫,苍白密螺旋体,带状绦虫属,破伤风梭菌,毛癣菌属,毛癣菌属,毛癣菌属,絮状表皮癣菌,红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌,红色毛癣菌,威尼克真菌,毛癣菌属,马拉色菌属,犬弓丝虫或弓形虫,弓形虫,旋毛虫,阴道毛滴虫,毛首鞭虫,结核分枝杆菌,弗朗西斯氏菌属,委内瑞拉马脑炎,霍乱弧菌,瓜纳里托病毒,西尼罗河病毒,褐色丝孢酵母,假结核耶尔森氏菌,小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,黄热病病毒,毛霉菌(Mucormycosis)和虫媒霉病(Entomophthora-mycosis),铜绿假单胞菌,弯曲杆菌(Vibrio)胎儿,嗜水气单胞菌,迟缓爱德华氏菌,鼠疫耶尔森氏菌,痢疾志贺氏菌,弗氏志贺氏菌,宋内志贺氏菌,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,密螺旋体,密螺旋体,奋森氏螺菌,伯氏疏螺旋体,黄疸出血性钩端螺旋体,卡氏肺孢子虫,流产布鲁氏菌,布鲁杆菌,布鲁氏菌,普氏立克次氏体,恙虫病立克次体,衣原体属;致病性真菌(烟曲霉,白色念珠菌,荚膜组织胞浆菌);原生动物(溶组织内阿米巴,毛滴虫,人毛滴虫,冈比亚锥虫,罗得西亚锥虫,利什曼原虫,嗜热利什曼原虫,巴西利什曼原虫,肺孢子虫肺炎,间日疟原虫,恶性疟原虫,疟原虫);或Helminiths(日本血吸虫,曼氏血吸虫,日本血吸虫和钩虫)。
本发明中,用于治疗病毒性疾病的偶联物上的其他抗体包括,但不限于抗下列病原病毒抗原的抗体:痘病毒,疱疹病毒,腺病毒,乳头瘤病毒,肠病毒,流感病毒,副流感病毒,腮腺炎,麻疹,呼吸道合胞病毒,风疹,虫媒病毒,弹状病毒,沙门氏菌病毒,非甲型/非乙型肝炎病毒,犀牛病毒,冠状病毒,罗氏病毒科,肿瘤病毒(例如HBV(肝细胞癌),HPV(宫颈癌,肛门癌),卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(卡波西肉瘤),EB病毒(鼻咽癌,伯基特淋巴瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤),MCPyV(默克尔细胞癌症),SV40(猿猴病毒40),HCV(肝细胞癌),HTLV-1(成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤)),免疫失调引起的病毒(例如人免疫缺氧病毒(艾滋病));中枢神经系统病毒(如JCV(渐进多焦点的脑白质病),MeV(亚急性硬化性全脑炎),LCV(淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎),虫媒病毒性脑炎,正粘病毒科(可能)(流行性甲型脑炎),RV(狂犬病),金迪普拉病毒,疱疹病毒脑膜炎,拉姆齐·亨特综合症II型;脊髓灰质炎病毒(小儿麻痹症,脊髓灰质炎后综合征),HTLV-I(热带痉挛性下肢轻瘫));巨细胞病毒(巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎,HSV(疱疹性角膜炎));心血管病毒(如CBV(心包炎,心肌炎));呼吸系统/急性病毒性鼻咽炎/病毒性肺炎(爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV感染/传染性单核细胞增多症),巨细胞病毒,SARS冠状病毒(严重急性呼吸综合征)正粘病毒科:流感病毒A/B/C(流感/禽流感),副粘病毒:人副流感病毒(副流感),RSV(人呼吸道合胞病毒),hMPV);消化系统病毒(MuV(腮腺炎),巨细胞病毒(巨细胞病毒性食管炎);腺病毒(腺病毒感染);轮状病毒,诺如病毒,星状病毒,冠状病毒;HBV(乙型肝炎病毒),CBV,HAV(甲型肝炎病毒),HCV(丙型肝炎病毒),HDV(丁型肝炎病毒),HEV(戊型肝炎病毒),HGV(庚型肝炎病毒));泌尿生殖器病毒(如BK病毒,MuV(腮腺炎))。
本发明还包括由前述偶联物和药学上可接受的载体组成的药物组合物,用于治疗癌症和自身免疫病症。治疗癌症和自身免疫性疾病的方法可以在体外,活体体内或活体外实施。体外用途的实例包括用它处理细胞培养物,以杀死除了不表达靶抗原的变体以外的所有细胞;或者杀死表达不需要的抗原的变体。活体外使用的例子包括在进行移植(HSCT)之前对造血干细胞(HSC)进行处理,以杀死患病或恶性细胞。例如,在癌症治疗中的自体移植之前或在自身免疫性疾病的治疗中从骨髓中去除肿瘤细胞或淋巴细胞,或在移植之前为了防止移植物抗宿主疾病从同种异体骨髓或组织中除去T细胞和其他淋巴细胞。这样的临床活体外治疗可以按如下步骤进行:从患者或其他个体收获骨髓,然后在含有血清的培养基中约37℃下孵育约30分钟至约48小时,在该培养基中加入本发明的偶联物,浓度范围从约1pM至0.1mM。具体地药物浓度和孵育时间应当由熟练的临床医师决定。孵育后,用含血清的培养基洗涤骨髓细胞,并按照已知的方法通过静脉注射给患者。若患者在骨髓采集和再输注治疗细胞之间,还接受其它治疗(例如消融化疗或全身辐射疗程)的情况下,应使用标准医疗设备将处理后的骨髓细胞在液氮中冷冻储存。
在临床体内的使用中,偶联物将作为溶液或作为冻干固体供应,固体可以重新溶解在注射用无菌水中。偶联物施用方案的实例如下:偶联物每周一次性静脉注射,连续给予8周。在50-500ml生理盐水中给予推注剂量,可以向其中加入人血清白蛋白(例如0.5至1mL的人血清白蛋白的浓缩溶液,100mg/mL)。静脉注射剂量将是约50μg至20mg/kg(体重)每天,或者每周,两周,三周或者每个月(每次注射10μg至200mg/kg剂量)。治疗后4~20周,患者可以接受第二疗程治疗。有关施用途径,赋形剂,稀释剂,剂量,次数等的具体临床方案可以由熟练的临床医生确定。
可根据杀死所选细胞群的体内或活体外方法治疗的医学病症的实例包括任何类型癌症的恶性肿瘤,自身免疫疾病,移植物排斥和感染(病毒,细菌或寄生虫)。
为达到期望的生物效应所需的偶联物的剂量将随多种因素而变化,包括偶联物的化学特性,效力和生物利用度,疾病的类型,患者种族,患者的疾病发展状态,给药途径;所有因素决定了所需剂量、给药方式和给药方案。
一般而言,本发明的偶联物配制成含有0.1至10%w/v偶联物的水性生理缓冲溶液中,注射使用。典型的剂量范围是从1μg/kg to 1g/kg(体重),每天1次,每周1次,每周2次,每周3次或每月一次。优选的剂量范围是每天0.01mg/kg至20mg/kg体重/每天。待施用的药物的优选剂量可能取决于诸如疾病或病症的进展的类型和程度,特定患者的总体健康状况,所选化合物的相对生物功效,药物的配方,给药途径(静脉内,肌肉内或其他),药物指定运送途径的药代动力学性质,以及给药速度(推注或连续输注)和给药方案(给定时间内的重复次数)。
本发明的偶联物还能够以单位剂量形式给药,其中术语“单位剂量”是指能够给予患者的单次剂量,并且可以很容易地处置和包装,同时活性偶联物本身或如下文所述的药学上可接受的组合物,保持物理和化学上稳定的剂量。典型的每日总剂量范围是从0.01至100mg/kg体重。作为一般指导原则,人类的单位剂量其范围为1mg到3000mg每天或者每周,或者2周,3周或者每个月。优选单位剂量范围为1至500mg,一天一至四次,更优选为10mg至500mg,一天一次。本文提供的偶联物可以通过与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂混合而配制成药物组合物。这样的单位剂量组合物可以是片剂、简单胶囊或软凝胶胶囊,通过口服给药;或粉剂、滴鼻剂或气雾剂,通过鼻内给药;或软膏、乳膏、乳液、凝胶或喷雾剂,通过皮肤给药或透皮贴剂给药。
具体实施例
本发明用下面的实施例进一步地说明,这些实施例的内容并不旨在限制本发明的范围。在实施例中细胞系,除了特殊说明之外,均是依据美国菌种保藏中心(ATCC)或者德国菌种保藏中心(DSMZ)规范的条件保存。除了特殊说明外,细胞培养试剂来自于Invitrogen公司。所有的无水试剂均由商业途径获得,并储存于充氮密封瓶中。其他的试剂和溶剂均按照最高规格购买,使用时未经进一步的处理。NMR数据在Bruker 500MHz上获得,化学位移以ppm为单位,四甲基硅烷为参考(0ppm),耦合常数(J)的单位是Hz。高分辨率质谱数据在Waters XevoQTof质谱仪上获得(经过Waters Acquity UPLC高效液相色谱分离)。
实施例1化合物2的制备
将Boc-L-脯氨酸(10.0g,46.4mmol)溶解在50mL四氢呋喃并冷却至0℃,向其中加入BH3的四氢呋喃溶液(1.0M,46.4mL)。反应在0℃搅拌1.5小时后倒入冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用盐水(50mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸馏得到化合物2(8.5g,产率91%),为白色固体。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ3.94(dd,J=4.9,2.7Hz,2H),3.60(ddd,J=18.7,11.9,9.3Hz,2H),3.49–3.37(m,1H),3.34–3.23(m,1H),2.06–1.91(m,1H),1.89–1.69(m,2H),1.65–1.51(m,1H),1.49–1.40(m,9H)。
实施例2化合物3的制备
向化合物2(13.0g,64.6mmol)的二甲基亚砜(90mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(40mL)并继续搅拌15分钟。将混合物在冰浴中冷却,并在40分钟内分批加入三氧化硫-吡啶复合物(35.98g,226mmol)。反应升温至室温并搅拌2.5小时。加入冰(250g)后,用二氯甲烷(150mL×3)萃取混合物。有机相用50%柠檬酸溶液(150mL),水(150mL),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(150mL)和盐水(150mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,减压蒸馏得到醛3(10.4g,产率81%),为稠的油状物,不经进一步纯化直接使用。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.45(s,1H),4.04(s,1H),3.53(dd,J=14.4,8.0Hz,2H),2.00–1.82(m,4H),1.44(d,J=22.6Hz,9H)。
实施例3化合物5的制备
N2保护下,在-78℃将正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(21.6mL,2.2M,47.43mmol)滴加到4-甲基-5-苯基恶唑烷-2-酮(8.0g,45.17mmol)的四氢呋喃(100mL)中。将溶液在-78℃下搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入丙酰氯(4.4mL,50.59mmol)。将反应混合物自然升温至-50℃,搅拌2小时,然后加入饱和氯化铵溶液(100mL)淬灭。将有机溶剂减压蒸馏去除,残留溶液用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。通过柱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到化合物5,为稠的油状物(10.5g,98%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45–7.34(m,3H),7.30(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),5.67(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.82–4.70(m,1H),2.97(dd,J=19.0,7.4Hz,2H),1.19(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.90(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
实施例4化合物6的制备
在0℃下,向化合物5(9.40g,40.4mmol)的二氯甲烷(60mL)溶液中加入Et3N(6.45mL,46.64mmol),接着加入1M二丁基硼三氟甲磺酸酯的二氯甲烷溶液(42mL,42mmol)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌45分钟,冷却至-70℃,然后在30分钟内向其中缓慢加入醛3(4.58g,22.97mmol)的二氯甲烷(40mL)溶液。反应在-70℃搅拌2小时,0℃1小时,室温15分钟,然后用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7,38mL)淬灭。在低于10℃时加入甲醇-30%双氧水(2:1v/v,100mL),搅拌20分钟后,加入水(100mL)并将混合物真空浓缩。向浓缩液中加入更多的水(200mL),并用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。将有机层用1N KHSO4(100mL),碳酸氢钠溶液(100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(10%-50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体6(7.10g,71%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.39(dt,J=23.4,7.1Hz,3H),7.30(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),5.67(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.84–4.67(m,1H),4.08–3.93(m,3H),3.92–3.84(m,1H),3.50(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.24(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),2.15(s,1H),1.89(dd,J=22.4,14.8Hz,3H),1.48(d,J=21.5Hz,9H),1.33(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
实施例5化合物7的制备
在氮气下,向化合物6(5.1g,11.9mmol)和分子筛(5g)的混合物中加入二氯乙烷(30mL)。在室温下搅拌20分钟并冷却至0℃,然后加入质子海绵(6.62g,30.9mmol),随后加入四氟硼酸三甲氧鎓(4.40g,29.7mmol)。在0℃下继续搅拌2小时,室温搅拌48小时。将反应混合物过滤,浓缩滤液并通过柱层析(20-70%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化,得到化合物7,为白色固体(1.80g,35%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46–7.27(m,5H),5.65(s,1H),4.69(s,1H),3.92(s,1H),3.83(s,1H),3.48(s,3H),3.17(s,2H),2.02–1.68(m,5H),1.48(d,J=22.3Hz,9H),1.32(t,J=6.0Hz,3H),0.91–0.84(m,3H)。
实施例6化合物8的制备
在0℃下,5分钟内向化合物7(1.80g,4.03mmol)的四氢呋喃(30mL)和水(7.5mL)溶液中加入30%双氧水(1.44mL,14.4mmol),接着加入氢氧化锂(0.27g,6.45mmol)水(5mL)溶液。在0℃下搅拌3小时后,加入1N亚硫酸钠(15.7mL),将混合物升温至室温,并搅拌过夜。减压蒸馏除去四氢呋喃,水相用二氯甲烷(3×50mL)洗涤以除去恶唑烷酮。用1N盐酸将水相酸化至pH 3,并用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取。将有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到化合物8,为无色油状物(1.15g,98%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ3.99–3.74(m,2H),3.44(d,J=2.6Hz,3H),3.23(s,1H),2.60–2.45(m,1H),1.92(tt,J=56.0,31.5Hz,3H),1.79–1.69(m,1H),1.58–1.39(m,9H),1.30–1.24(m,3H)。
实施例7化合物11的制备
向化合物9(4.55g,19.67mmol)在四氢呋喃(20mL)中的冰冷溶液中加入1,1'-羰基二咪唑(3.51g,21.63mmol)。气体停止逸出后,将所得混合物在室温下搅拌3.5小时。将新制备的异丙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(123mmol,30mL),滴加到预冷的(0℃)丙二酸氢乙酯(6.50g,49.2mmol)中,保持内部温度低于5℃。在室温下搅拌1.5小时后,将该烯醇镁溶液在冰水浴中冷却,随后在0℃经由双端针在1小时内,加入咪唑化物的溶液。所得混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后室温搅拌64小时。加入10%柠檬酸水溶液(5mL)将反应淬灭,并用另外的10%柠檬酸水溶液(110mL)酸化至pH 3。用乙酸乙酯(150mL×3)萃取,用水(50mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。浓缩液经硅胶柱色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯/正己烷(1:4)作为洗脱剂,得到化合物11(5.50g,产率93%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ5.04(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.20(p,J=7.0Hz,3H),3.52(t,J=10.7Hz,2H),1.96(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),1.69(s,2H),1.44(s,9H),1.28(dd,J=7.1,2.9Hz,3H),0.98(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.92–0.86(m,3H)。
实施例8化合物12a的制备
在-60℃下向化合物11(5.90g,19.83mmol)的乙醇(6mL)溶液中一次性加入硼氢化钠(3.77g,99.2mmol)。将反应混合物在-55℃以下搅拌5.5小时,然后用10%柠檬酸水溶液(100mL)淬灭,并用10%柠檬酸水溶液将所得溶液酸化至pH 2,然后用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。将有机萃取物用饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱法(10-50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到纯的非对映异构体12a(2.20g,37%收率)和12a与12b的混合物(2.0g,34%收率,约9:1比率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ4.41(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.17(tt,J=7.1,3.6Hz,2H),4.00(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=11.7,9.3Hz,1H),2.56–2.51(m,2H),2.44(dd,J=16.4,9.0Hz,1H),1.79(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.60–1.53(m,1H),1.43(s,9H),1.27(dd,J=9.3,5.0Hz,3H),1.03–0.91(m,7H)。
实施例9化合物13的制备
向化合物12a(2.20g,7.20mmol)的乙醇(22mL)溶液中加入1N氢氧化钠水溶液(7.57mL,7.57mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后室温搅拌2小时。加入1N盐酸将所得溶液酸化至pH 4,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。将有机萃取物用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(50mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到化合物13(1.90g,95%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ4.50(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.07(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.59(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),2.56–2.45(m,2H),1.76–1.65(m,1H),1.56(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.93(dd,J=14.4,7.1Hz,6H)。
实施例10化合物14的制备
在0℃下向化合物13(1.90g,6.9mmol)的四氢呋喃(40mL)溶液中加入氢化钠(60%油悬浮液,1.93g,48.3mmol)。搅拌1小时后,加入碘甲烷(6.6mL,103.5mmol)。在0℃持续搅拌40小时,然后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),然后加入水(100mL)。混合物用乙醚(50mL×2)洗涤,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液将水层酸化至pH 3,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用5%硫代硫酸钠水溶液(50mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并减压浓缩,得到化合物14(1.00g,48%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ3.95(d,J=75.4Hz,2H),3.42(d,J=4.4Hz,3H),2.71(s,3H),2.62(s,1H),2.56–2.47(m,2H),1.79(s,1H),1.47(s,1H),1.45(d,J=3.3Hz,9H),1.13–1.05(m,1H),0.96(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(td,J=7.2,2.5Hz,3H)。
用三氟乙酸去除Boc基团的通用反应步骤:
向N-Boc氨基酸(1.0mmol)的二氯甲烷(2.5mL)溶液中加入三氟乙酸(1.0mL)。在室温下搅拌1-3小时后,将反应混合物减压浓缩。加入甲苯共沸蒸馏三次后,不经进一步纯化而直接使用。
实施例11化合物15的制备
在0℃下向化合物8(100mg,0.347mmol)和L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(107.8mg,0.500mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中加入氰基膦酸二乙酯(75.6μL,0.451mmol),接着加入Et3N(131μL,0.94mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温搅拌过夜。
将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱色谱法(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体15(130mg,83%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28(dd,J=7.9,6.5Hz,2H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.16(s,2H),4.81(s,1H),3.98–3.56(m,5H),3.50(s,1H),3.37(d,J=2.9Hz,3H),3.17(dd,J=13.9,5.4Hz,2H),3.04(dd,J=14.0,7.7Hz,1H),2.34(s,1H),1.81–1.69(m,2H),1.65(s,3H),1.51–1.40(m,9H),1.16(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
实施例12化合物16的制备
在0℃下向化合物15的去保护产物(0.29mmol)和化合物14(96.6mg,0.318mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(58μL,0.347mmol),随后加入Et3N(109μL,0.78mmol)。反应混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温,搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱层析(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体16(150mg,81%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C34H55N3O8[M+H]+计算值:634.40,实测值:634.40。
实施例13化合物17的制备
在0℃下向化合物16的去保护产物(0.118mmol)和Boc-Val-OH(51.8mg,0.236mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中加入溴代三(二甲基氨基)-六氟磷酸鏻(BroP,70.1mg,0.184mmol),随后加入二异丙基乙胺(70μL,0.425mmol)。将混合物避光下在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后室温搅拌2天,用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。通过柱层析(20-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体17(67mg,77%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C39H64N4O9[M+H]+计算值:733.47,实测值:733.46。
实施例14化合物Boc-N-Me-Val-OH的制备
在0℃下向Boc-L-Val-OH(2.00g,9.2mmol)和碘甲烷(5.74mL,92mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(40mL)溶液中加入氢化钠(3.68g,92mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1.5小时,然后升温至室温,搅拌24小时。用冰水(50mL)淬灭反应,加入水(100mL)后,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)洗涤,水溶液酸化至pH3,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到白色固体Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(2.00g,94%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ4.10(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.87(s,3H),2.37–2.13(m,1H),1.44(d,J=26.7Hz,9H),1.02(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.90(t,J=8.6Hz,3H)。
实施例15化合物18的制备
在0℃下向化合物17的去保护产物(0.091mmol)和Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(127mg,0.548mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中加入氰基膦酸二乙酯(18.2μL,0.114mmol)和4-甲基吗啉(59μL,0.548mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温,并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过色谱法(20-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体18(30mg,39%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/zC45H75N5O10[M+H]+计算值:846.55,实测值:846.56。
实施例16化合物19的制备
在0℃下向化合物18的去保护产物(0.071mmol)和4-马来酰亚胺丁酸(26mg,0.142mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中加入BroP(81mg,0.213mmol),接着加入二异丙基乙胺42μL,0.256mmol)。将混合物避光下在0℃搅拌30分钟,室温下搅拌2天。用乙酸乙酯(40mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷至10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)纯化浓缩液以得到白色固体19(19mg,29%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C48H74N6O11[M+H]+计算值:911.54,实测值:911.53。
实施例17化合物20的制备
在0℃下向化合物8(58mg,0.201mmol)和(4R)-甲基-4-氨基-2-甲基-5-苯基戊酸酯(64mg,0.29mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中加入二乙基氰基膦酸酯(43.9μL,0.262mmol),随后加入Et3N(76μL,0.544mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体20(83mg,84%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C27H42N2O6[M+H]+计算值:491.30,实测值:491.29。
实施例18化合物21的制备
在0℃下,向化合物20的脱保护产物(0.17mmol)和化合物14(57mg,0.187mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中,加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(35μL,0.204mmol)和Et3N(64μL,0.459mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40毫升)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱层析(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体21(100mg,87%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C37H61N3O8[M+H]+计算值:676.45,实测值:676.43。
实施例19化合物22的制备
在0℃,向化合物21的去保护产物(0.124mmol)和Boc-Val-OH(77mg,0.354mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中,加入BroP(68.5mg,0.176mmol),然后加入二异丙基乙胺(96μL,0.584mmol)。将混合物在避光下0℃搅拌30分钟,然后在室温搅拌24小时。TLC分析表明原料仍然存在。加入更多Boc-Val-OH(77mg),BroP(68.5mg)和二异丙基乙胺(96μL),将反应物再搅拌24小时,然后用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N氢氧化钾水溶液硫酸盐(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。通过柱层析(20-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体22(65mg,67%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C42H70N4O9[M+H]+计算值:775.51,实测值:775.49。
实施例20化合物23的制备
在0℃下向化合物22的去保护产物(0.084mmol)和Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(116mg,0.503mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中,加入氰基膦酸二乙酯(16.8μL,0.105mmol)和4-甲基吗啉(54μL,0.503mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(80mL)稀释,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(40mL),水(40mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱层析(20-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体23(60mg,80%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/zC48H81N5O10[M+H]+计算值:888.60,实测值:888.60。
实施例21化合物24的制备
在0℃下,向化合物23的去保护产物(0.034mmol)和4-马来酰亚氨基丁酸(17.7mg,0.097mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中,加入BroP(18.7mg,0.0483mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(26μL,0.159mmol)。将混合物在避光下0℃搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌24小时。用乙酸乙酯(40mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷至10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体24(23mg,70%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C51H80N6O11[M+H]+计算值:953.59,实测值:953.63。
实施例22化合物25的制备
将L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(7.90g,36.6mmol),二碳酸二叔丁酯(12.9g),二氯甲烷(100mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(80mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。分离有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到无色油状物(9.76g,95%收率)。粗产物直接用于下一步。
实施例23化合物26的制备
将Boc-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(9.76g,35.0mmol)的二氯甲烷(60mL)溶液冷却至-65℃,1小时内缓慢加入DIBAL-H(1.0M的正己烷溶液,70mL)。搅拌2小时后,反应用甲醇(20mL)淬灭并升温至室温。然后加入1N盐酸(120mL),分离有机相。用二氯甲烷萃取水相两次。将合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到无色油状物(7.0g,80%收率)。粗产物直接用于下一步。
实施例24化合物27的制备
在室温下将醛(7.0g,28mmol)和(三苯基正膦亚基)乙酸甲酯(11.7g,35mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中搅拌2小时。除去溶剂后,通过柱层析(85%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体27(6.9g,81%收率)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32–7.28(m,2H),7.24(dt,J=4.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.18–7.14(m,2H),6.91(dd,J=15.7,4.9Hz,1H),5.86(dd,J=15.7,1.3Hz,1H),4.60(s,1H),4.58(s,1H),3.72(s,3H),2.89(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H)。
实施例25化合物28制备
在0℃下向胺27(0.194mmol)的DMF(2mL)溶液中加入Et3N(54.1μL,0.388mmol),随后加入化合物8(37.2mg,0.129mmol)的DMF(1mL)溶液和氰基膦酸二乙酯(29.0μL,0.194mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。将浓缩液通过柱层析(30-50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化,得到化合物28(58.2mg,95%产率),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C26H38N2O6[M+H]+计算值:475.27,实测值:475.26。
实施例26化合物29的制备
0℃下向化合物28去保护产物(0.123mmol)的DMF(2mL)溶液中加入Et3N(51.4μL,0.369mmol),然后加入化合物14(37.3mg,0.123mmol)的DMF(1mL)溶液和氰基膦酸二乙酯(22.1μL,0.148mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱层析(70-90%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到化合物29(81.0mg,99%收率),为浅黄色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C36H57N3O8[M+H]+计算值:660.41,实测值:660.41。
实施例27化合物30的制备
在0℃下向化合物29的去保护产物(0.123mmol)和Boc-Val-OH(80.2mg,0.369mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中加入BroP(71.6mg,0.185mmol),随后加入二异丙基乙胺(107.4μL,0.615mmol)。将混合物在避光下0℃搅拌30分钟,然后室温搅拌24小时。TLC分析显示原料仍然存在。加入更多Boc-Val-OH(80.2mg),BroP(71.6mg)和二异丙基乙胺(107.4μL),将反应物再搅拌24小时,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,用1N氢氧化钾水溶液硫酸钠(20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱法纯化浓缩液,得到白色泡沫30(86.3mg,92%产率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C41H66N4O9[M+H]+计算值:759.48,实测值:759.48。
实施例28化合物31的制备
在0℃下向化合物30的去保护产物(0.107mmol)的DMF(2mL)溶液中加入4-甲基吗啉(70.6μL,0.642mmol),随后加入Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(148.5mg,0.642mmol)的DMF(1mL)溶液和氰基膦酸二乙酯(32.0μL,0.214mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱层析(75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到化合物31(57.9mg,62%产率),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/zC47H77N5O10[M+H]+计算值:872.57,实测值:872.57。
实施例29化合物32的制备
在0℃下向化合物31(0.0316mmol)的去保护产物和4-马来酰亚胺丁酸(17.4mg,0.0949mmol)的二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液中加入BroP(18.4mg,0.0474mmol),接着加入二异丙基乙胺(27.6μL,0.158mmol)。将混合物在避光下0℃搅拌30分钟,然后室温下搅拌16小时。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱色谱法(纯乙酸乙酯至10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体32(30.0mg,99%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C50H76N6O11[M+H]+计算值:938.17,实测值:938.17。
实施例30化合物33的制备
(S,E)-4-氨基-2-甲基-5-苯基戊-2-烯酸甲酯的制备以L-Phe-OMe为起始物,方法同实施例24中所述。
在0℃下向化合物8(32mg,0.112mmol)和(S,E)-4-氨基-2-甲基-5-苯基戊-2-烯酸甲酯(34mg,0.157mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中加入氰基膦酸二乙酯(23μL,0.146mmol)和Et3N(42μL,0.302mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,然后升温至室温并搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,用1N硫酸氢钾水溶液(20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(20mL)洗涤,有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过柱层析(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化浓缩液,得到白色固体33(54mg,98%收率)。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C27H40N2O6[M+H]+计算值:489.29,实测值:489.28。
实施例28化合物31的制备
将化合物30(0.107mol)溶于DMF(2mL),在0℃下加入4-甲基吗啉(70.6μL,0.642mmol),接着加入Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(148.5mg,0.642mmol)的DMF(1mL)溶液,再加氰基磷酸二乙酯(32.0μL,0.214mmol)。反应在0℃进行30min,然后升到室温搅拌过夜。反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物31(57.9mg,62%),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C47H77N5O10[M+H]+计算值:872.57,实测值:872.57。
实施例29化合物32的制备
将化合物31(0.0316mmol)和马来酰亚胺丁酸(17.4mg,0.049mmol)溶于DCM(3mL)中,在0℃加入BroP(18.4mg,0.0474mmol),再加入DIPEA(27.6μL,0.158mmol)),反应在0℃避光进行30min,然后升至室温,反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,用硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和的氯化钠(20mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(乙酸乙酯/甲醇=1~0.1),得到化合物32(30.0mg,99%),为白色固体.LC-MS(ESI)m/zC50H76N6O11[M+H]+计算值:938.17,实测值:938.17。
实施例30化合物33的制备
(S,Z)4-氨基-2-甲基-5-苯基-2-戊烯酸甲酯由L-Phe-OMe制备,方法与实施例24相同。
化合物8(32mg,0.112mmol)和(S,Z)4-氨基-2-甲基-5-苯基戊酸甲酯(34mg,0.157mmol)溶于DMF(5mL)。在0℃下向其中加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(23μL,0.146mmol),接着加入三乙胺(42μL,0.302mmol)。反应在0℃进行2小时,然后升至室温,反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物33(54mg,98%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/zC27H40N2O6[M+H]+计算值:489.29,实测值:489.28。
实施例31化合物34的制备
将化合物33(0.112mmol)和化合物14(37.6mg,0.124mmol)溶于DMF(5mL)。在0℃下加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(21μL,0.135mmol)和三乙胺(42μL,0.304mmol)。反应在0℃进行2小时,然后升至室温,反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物34(61mg,80%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C37H59N3O8[M+H]+计算值:674.43,实测值:674.43。
实施例32化合物35的制备
将化合物34(0.091mmol)和Boc-Val-OH(56mg,0.258mmol)溶于DCM(5mL),在0℃加入BroP(50mg,0.129mmol),再加入DIPEA(70μL,0.426mmol)),反应在0℃避光进行30min,然后升至室温,反应16小时。TLC显示原料未反应完全,补加Boc-Val-OH(56mg),BroP(50mg)和DIPEA(70μL),再继续反应24小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,用硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和的氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(乙酸乙酯/正己烷=0.2~1),得到化合物35(62mg,88%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C42H68N4O9[M+H]+计算值:773.50,实测值:773.50。
实施例33化合物36的制备
将化合物35(0.0804mol)和Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(111.4mg,0.482mmol)溶于DMF(5mL),在0℃加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(16.0μL,0.100mmol),和4-甲基吗啉(52μL,0.482mmol),反应2小时后升至室温,反应16小时。反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(20%-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物36(56mg,78%),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C48H79N5O10[M+H]+计算值:886.58,实测值:886.59。
实施例34化合物37的制备
将化合物36(0.0316mmol)和马来酰亚胺丁酸(16.5mg,0.090mmol)溶于DCM(5mL)中,在0℃加入BroP(17.4mg,0.0450mmol)和DIPEA(24μL,0.149mmol)),反应在0℃避光进行30min,然后升至室温,反应24小时。反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mLl)稀释,用硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和的氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷-10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯),得到化合物37(15mg,50%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C51H78N6O11[M+H]+计算值:951.57,实测值:951.58。
实施例35化合物38的制备
将a(0.18g,0.722mmol)和b(0.31g,0.866mmol)溶于DCM(3.6mL)中,室温搅拌16小时后浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物38,为白色固体(0.19g,80%)。
实施例36化合物39的制备
将化合物38(0.19g,0.57mmol)溶于DCM(6mL)中,冰水浴下将m-CPBA(75wt%,0.22g,0.90mmol)分批加入,0℃反应半小时,然后升至室温,反应16小时,TLC显示原料未反应完全,反应进一步升温到40℃,然后降到室温,过滤析出的白色固体,滤液用饱和亚硫酸氢钠,饱和碳酸氢钠和食盐水洗。干燥浓缩后用硅胶柱纯化(10~50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到白色的固体(0.1g,50%)。
实施例37化合物40的制备
将化合物39(28mg,0.08mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(5mL),在0℃加入三氟乙酸(0.3mL),反应液升至室温搅拌2小时,用二氯甲烷稀释(10mL),饱和碳酸氢钠(10mL)和饱和氯化钠(10mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到化合物40(16.9mg,84%),为无色油状,无需进一步纯化,直接用于下一步。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C14H19NO3[M+H]+计算值:250.14,实测值:250.14。
实施例38化合物41的制备
将化合物8(63mg,0.219mmol)溶于甲醇(2mL),在0℃滴加氯化亚砜(79.5μL,1.09mmol),然后将反应升至室温搅拌过夜,反应液浓缩后,用甲苯共沸旋蒸,得到化合物41(44mg),为无色油状物,直接用于下一步反应,无需纯化。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C10H19NO3[M+H]+计算值:202.14,实测值:202.14。
实施例39化合物42的制备
将化合物41(0.219mmol)和化合物14(73mg,0.24mmol)溶于DMF(5mL),在0℃下加入DECP(45μL,0.263mmol)和三乙胺(152.3μL,1.09mmol),0℃下搅拌2小时后,升至室温搅拌过夜,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(15-75%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到化合物42(61mg,80%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C25H46N2O7[M+H]+计算值:487.33,实测值:487.32。
实施例40化合物43的制备
将化合物42(0.173mmol)和Boc-Val-OH(107.1mg,0.493mmol)溶于DCM(5mL)中,在0℃加入BroP(95.4mg,0.246mmol)和DIPEA(133.7μL,0.813mmol),反应在0℃避光进行30min,然后升至室温,反应48小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,用硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(15-80%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到化合物43(80mg,78%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C30H55N3O8[M+H]+计算值:586.40,实测值:586.37。
实施例41化合物44的制备
将化合物43(72mg,0.123mmol)溶于THF(2mL),在0℃加入氢氧化锂(26mg,0.614mmol)的水(1mL)溶液,反应液升温到25℃,搅拌过夜,低压浓缩除去THF后加入水(50mL),用硫酸氢钾(1N)调节pH至3,再用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3)。有机相用饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,低压浓缩得到化合物44(70mg,98%),为白色固体,直接用于下一步,无需进一步纯化。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C29H53N3O8[M+H]+计算值:572.38,实测值:572.38。
实施例42化合物45
将化合物44(27.7mg,0.048mmol)和化合物40(16.9mg,0.068mmol)溶于DMF(5mL),在0℃加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(10μL,0.063mmol)和三乙胺(18.2μL,0.131mmol),反应2小时后升至室温,反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(20%-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到化合物45(10mg,26%),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C43H70N4O10[M+H]+计算值:803.51,实测值:803.47。
实施例43化合物46的制备
将化合物45(10mg,0.0124mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(5mL),在0℃加入三氟乙酸(0.3mL)。将反应液升至室温,搅拌2小时后用二氯甲烷稀释(10mL),饱和碳酸氢钠(10mL)和饱和氯化钠(10mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到化合物46(8mg,99%),为无色油状,无需进一步纯化,直接用于下一步。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C38H62N4O8[M+H]+计算值:703.46,实测值:703.44。
实施例44化合物47的制备
将化合物46((8mg,0.0113mmol)和Boc-N-Me-Val-OH(15.7mg,0.0682mmol)溶于DMF(5mL),在0℃加入氰基磷酸二乙酯(2μL,0.0142mmol)和4-甲基吗啉(7.3μL,0.0682mmol)。反应在0℃进行2小时,然后升至室温反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)和饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(20%-100%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到化合物47(8mg,76%),为无色油状物。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C49H81N5O11[M+H]+计算值:916.59,实测值:916.60。
实施例45化合物48的制备
将化合物47(8mg,0.0087mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(5mL)中,在0℃加入三氟乙酸(0.3mL)。反应液升至室温,搅拌2小时,用二氯甲烷稀释(10mL),饱和碳酸氢钠洗(10mL)和饱和氯化钠(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到化合物48(7mg,99%),为无色油状物,无需进一步纯化,直接用于下一步。LC-MS(ESI)m/z C44H73N5O9[M+H]+计算值:816.54,实测值:816.53。
实施例46化合物49的制备
将化合物48(0.0087mmol)和马来酰亚胺丁酸(4.6mg,0.025mmol)溶于DCM(5mL)中,在0℃加入BroP(4.8mg,0.0124mmol)和DIPEA(6.7μL,0.041mmol),反应在0℃避光进行30min,然后升至室温反应24小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,用硫酸氢钾(1N,20mL),水(20mL),饱和氯化钠(20mL)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷-10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯),得到化合物49(3.2mg,37%),为白色固体。LC-MS(ESI)m/zC52H80N6O12[M+H]+计算值:981.58,实测值:981.57。
实施例47用化合物19,24,32,37和49制备ADC
将单克隆抗体(例如Her2抗体赫赛汀,5毫克/毫升)溶解在含0.05mol/L的四硼酸钠,pH值为7.8的磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,在25℃加入TCEP(2~10倍于抗体的当量)和化合物19、24、32、37或者49(4~10倍于抗体的当量)。在25℃搅拌2~24小时后用过量的半胱氨酸(或者n-乙基马来酰亚胺、脱氢抗坏血酸)淬灭反应。将缓冲溶液用NAP脱盐柱(IllustraSephadex G-25DNA Grade,GE Healthcare)置换成含0.05mol/L甘氨酸,0.01mol/L组氨酸,1%蔗糖,0.01%吐温-20和0.1mol/L的磷酸二氢钠的溶液(pH=6.0)。在相同的缓冲液中用slide-a-lyzer透析盒(Thermo Scientific 20,000MWCO)进行四个小时的透析操作。纯化的共轭体中每个抗体上接3~4个细胞毒分子(LC-MS检测),99%的单体(排阻色谱分析),<0.2%没有形成共轭偶联物的小分子化合物(双柱反相高效液相色谱分析),最后的蛋白浓度为0.8~2.5mg/mL(蛋白质浓度和药物荷载分别在280nm和254nm用分光光度法测得)。
实施例47抗Her2抗体的偶联物50、51、52、53和54体外细胞毒性试验
细胞毒性实验中使用的细胞系包括NCI-N87,为一种人类胃癌细胞系,BT-474,为一种人浸润性导管癌细胞系,和SKOV3,为一种人类卵巢癌细胞系。对于NCI-N87和BT-474细胞,这些细胞生长在含10%FBS的RPMI–1640培养基。对于SKOV3细胞,细胞在含10%FBS的McCoy 5A培养基。运行试验时,细胞(180μl,6000细胞)被添加到96孔板并且在在37℃和5%二氧化碳的环境中孵育24小时,之后用不同浓度的化合物(50、51、52、53和54)(20μL)来处理这些细胞(总体积0.2mL)。对照孔包含细胞和培养基,无测试化合物。孔板在37℃和5%的二氧化碳的环境中孵育120小时后,向其中加入MTT(5mg/mL,20μL),在37℃孵化1.5小时。小心的去除培养基后加入DMSO(180μL),震荡15分钟,在490nm和570nm测量吸光度。依照以下公式计算抑制率:
抑制率%=[1-(分析值-空白对照值)/(控制值-空白对照值)]×100%
表1.共轭偶联物的体外活性与共轭偶联物加饱和的抗Her2裸抗(屏蔽抗原)的体外活性(抗N-87细胞(Ag+))
化合物50、51、52和53有相似的体外活性和特异性窗口。与其他的4个共轭偶联物相比,含有一个环氧基的化合物54在对抗原阳性肿瘤细胞的杀灭效果和特异性窗口两方面的表现都更优。
Claims (23)
1.以澳瑞他汀类似物为细胞毒性分子,它和细胞结合分子构成共轭偶联物,其结构通式为(I):
G-Lm-Dn(I)
以及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物;
其中G是细胞表面结合分子(配体);n是1-20;m是1-10;L是可断裂或不可断裂连接体;D是具有结构式(II)的细胞毒性分子(小分子药物):
其中---表示小分子药物和连接体各自独立的连接;R1,R2,R3和R4为独立的C1-C8的烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8的杂环基,碳环基,环烷基,烷基环烷基或杂环烷基,C3-C8的芳基,芳烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基酰基;2个R基,比如R1R2,R1R3,R2R3,R3R4和R5R6可以构成3-7元碳环、环烷、杂环或杂环烷的环结构;此外,R2,R3和R4可以是H,并且R1可以缺省;
Y1是N或者CH;
R5和R6各自独立地为H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环基或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R5和R6可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环结构;
R7是H或C1-C8烷基;
R8是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R9是H,OH,C1-C8烷基,C3-C8碳环或O-(C1-C8烷基);
R10是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R11是H或C1-C8烷基;
R12是芳基,烷芳基,烷基或C3-C8杂环;
Y2选自: 其中R13,R14和R15是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;X是CH2,O,S,NH,NR16,S(O)或S(O)2,其中R16是H或C1-C8烷基;
Z是H,C1-C8烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基),-卤素,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-C(O)OR17,-C(O)NHR18,-C(O)NR18R19,-CH2R20,-CH2OP(O)(OR21)2,其中R17,R18,R19,R20和R21是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环。
连接体L结构为—Ww—(Aa)r—Vv—,其中:-W-是一个伸展单元,将靶点结合单元(T)与一个氨基酸单元(Aa)连接,而当Aa不存在时与V连接,并且W可以包含各自独立的自销解间隔体,一个短肽单元,一个腙、二硫、硫醚、酯或酰胺键;w是0或1;Aa各自独立地是一个天然或非天然氨基酸单元;r是从0到12的整数;(Aa)r表示一个天然或非天然氨基酸、二肽、三肽,四肽、五肽、六肽、七肽、八肽、九肽、十肽、十一或十二肽单元;
V是一个间隔体单元,各自独立地是一个H,O,NH,S,C1-C8烷基或杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,炔基,杂环基或碳环基,C3-C8芳基,环烷基,烷基环烷基,杂环烷基,杂芳环烷基,杂烷基环烷基或烷基羰基,或1到4个氨基酸单元,或(CH2CH2O)r,其中r是0到12的整数;v是0,1或2。
细胞结合分子G是一个抗体,一个单链抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的抗体片段,一个单克隆抗体,一个单链单克隆抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的单克隆抗体片段,一个嵌合抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的嵌合抗体片段,一个域抗体,一个与靶细胞结合的域抗体片段,一个模拟抗体的结合素,锚蛋白重复蛋白,一个淋巴因子,一个激素,一个维生素,一个生长因子,一个集落刺激因子,一个养分运输分子(铁传递蛋白),一个结合多肽、蛋白或抗体,一个结合在白蛋白上的小分子,多聚物,树枝状分子,脂质体,纳米颗粒,小囊泡,或(病毒)衣壳。
2.根据权利要求1,结构通式如(III)的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn):
和其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物;
其中L是一个可断裂或不可断裂的连接体;L上有一个功能团,可以和小分子药物通过双硫、硫醚、硫酯、肽、腙、醚、酯、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、胺(二级、三级或四级)、亚胺、环杂烷、杂芳烃、肟和酰胺键等相连接;
Y1是N或CH;
R2是H或C1-C8烷基;
R3和R4是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R3和R4可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构;
R5和R6是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷基芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环基;R3和R4可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构;
R7是H或C1-C8烷基;
R8是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R9是H,OH,C1-C8烷基,C3-C8碳环或O-(C1-C8烷基);
R10是H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环,C3-C8碳环,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;
R11是H或C1-C8烷基;
R12是芳基,烷芳基,烷基或C3-C8杂环;
Y2选自: 其中R13,R14和R15是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环;X是CH2,O,S,NH,NR16,S(O)或S(O)2,其中R16是H或C1-C8烷基;
Z是H,C1-C8烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基),-卤素,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-C(O)OR17,-C(O)NHR18,C(O)NR18R19,-CH2R20,-CH2OP(O)(OR21)2,其中R17,R18,R19,R20和R21是各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,C2-C8炔基,C3-C8杂环基,C3-C8碳环基,芳基,C1-C8烷芳基,C1-C8烷基碳环或C1-C8烷基杂环。
3.根据权利要求2,具有以下结构的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn):
其中M指H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或者N+R1R2R3或一药用盐;R1,R2和R3的定义通权利要求1;
T独立选自L,R1,-O-,-S-,-SS-,-NH-,=N-,=NNH-,-NH(R1),-OR1,-C(=O)-,
-C(=O)R1,-COOR1-,-C(O)NH-,-C(=O)NHR1-,-SR1-,-S(=O)R1-,-P(=O)(OR1)2-,
-P(=O)(NHR1)2-,-CH2OP(=O)(OR1)2-,-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)2-,-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)2-,
-CH2NHP(=O)(NHR1)(NHR2)-,-SO2R1-,(CH2CH2O)r-,-(CH(CH3)CH2O)r-,C1-C8烷基,或杂烷基,C2-C8烯基,炔基,杂环或碳环,C3-C8芳基,环烷基,烷基环烷基,在环烷基,杂芳基,杂烷基环烷基,烷羰基或1-10个氨基酸单元,其中r是0-12的整数;L,R1和R2的定义同权利要求1。
Q是细胞结合单元或能与细胞结合分子很容易地连接的功能团。功能团包括,二硫键取代物,马来酰亚胺基,卤代乙酰基,肼,醛,酮,叠氮,氨基,烷氧氨基或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
4.根据权利要求1,具有以下优选结构的连接体-小分子药物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物;
其中Q,T,R1,R2和R3的定义同权利要求1和3;R22是H,OPO3M2,OSO3M,OCH2PO3M,OH,NO2,F,Cl,Br,I,SR13,SSR13,NH2,NHR13,NR13R14或OR13;M是H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或N+R1R2R3;R13,R14,R15,R17,R18和R19的定义同权利要求1。此外,R18和R19可联合构成环烷,杂环烷,碳环或者杂环的环状结构,芳环,或杂芳环结构。
5.根据权利要求2,3和4,具有以下优选结构的共轭偶联药物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中mAb为抗体,n为1-30。
6.根据权利要求1,连接体L有下列一个或多个连接体单元组成:6-马来酰亚胺己酰基(MC),马来酰亚胺丙酰基(MP),缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit或vc),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(ala-phe或af),对-氨基苄氧碳酰基(PAB),4-巯基戊酰基(SPP),4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1酰基(MCC),(4-乙酰基)氨基苯甲酰基(SIAB),4-巯基-丁酰基(SPDB),4-巯基-2-羟基磺酰-丁酰基(2-Sulfo-SPDB),乙烯氧基(-CH2CH2O-)的一个或多个重复的单位(EO或PEO),肟(醛肟或酮肟),1,2,3-三氮唑(由点击化学反应产生),缩醛(由糖或者其类似物反应产生)。它们的结构为:
(MC,6-马来酰亚胺己酰基); (ME,马来酰亚胺乙基);(MP,马来酰亚胺丙酰基);(PAB,对-氨基苄氧碳酰基类似物,X1和Y1独立选自O,S,NH或CH2);(羰基苄基多肽类似物,X1和Y1独立选自O,S,NH或CH2,R1和R2的定义同上);
(缬氨酸-瓜氨酸);(MCC,4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)-环己烷-1酰基);((4-乙酰基)氨基苯甲酰基);(2-sulfo-SPDB,4-巯基-2-羟基磺酰-丁酰基);(肟);(1,2,3-三氮唑);(缩醛);(腙);
((2-二硫基)乙氧羰基)。
7.根据权利要求1,具有结构如式(IV)的连接体-小分子药物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,Y1,Y2,Z和L的定义同权利要求2。
8.结构如式(IV)的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn):
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中M是H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或N+R1R2R3;R1,R2,R3,T和Q的定义同权利要求2和3。
9.根据权利要求7,结构式(IV)所示的优选的连接剂-小分子药物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中,Q,T,R1,R2,R3,R17,R18,R19和R22的定义同权利要求1,3和4。此外,R17和R18可以缺省。
10.根据权利要求1和7,优选的包含抗体和通式(IV)结构的共轭偶联物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中mAb为抗体,n为1~30。
11.根据权利要求1,具有如通式(V)结构的连接剂-小分子药物(Lm-Dn):
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,Y1,Y2,Z和L的定义同权利要求2。
12.根据权利要求11,具有下列结构的连接体-小分子药物(Lm-Dn):
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中M是H,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn或N+R1R2R3;R1,R2,R3,T和Q的定义同权利要求2和3。
13.根据权利要求11,具有以下优选结构的连接剂-小分子药物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中Q,T,R1,R2,R3,R17,R18,R19和R22的定义同权利要求1,3和4。此外,R19可以缺省。
14.根据权利要求1和11,具有下列结构的共轭偶联物:
及其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂化物。其中mAb为抗体,n为1~30。
15.根据权利要求1,3,4,8,9,12和13,细胞结合分子为抗下列抗原或受体的分子:CD3,CD4,CD5,CD6,CD7,CD8,CD9,CD10,CD11a,CD11b,CD11c,CD12w,CD14,CD15,CD16,CDw17,CD18,CD19,CD20,CD21,CD22,CD23,CD24,CD25,CD26,CD27,CD28,CD29,CD30,CD31,CD32,CD33,CD34,CD35,CD36,CD37,CD38,CD39,CD40,CD41,CD42,CD43,CD44,CD45,CD46,CD47,CD48,CD49b,CD49c,CD51,CD52,CD53,CD54,CD55,CD56,CD58,CD59,CD61,CD62E,CD62L,CD62P,CD63,CD66,CD68,CD69,CD70,CD72,CD74,CD79,CD79a,CD79b,CD80,CD81,CD82,CD83,CD86,CD87,CD88,CD89,CD90,CD91,CD95,CD96,CD98,CD100,CD103,CD105,CD106,CD109,CD117,CD120,CD125,CD126,CD127,CD133,CD134,CD135,CD138,CD141,CD142,CD143,CD144,CD147,CD151,CD152,CD154,CD156,CD158,CD163,CD166,CD168,CD174,CD180,CD184,CDw186,CD194,CD195,CD200,CD200a,CD200b,CD209,CD221,CD227,CD235a,CD240,CD262,CD271,CD274,CD 276(B7-H3),CD303,Cd304,Cd309,CD326,,4-1BB,5AC,5T4(滋养层糖蛋白,TPBG,5T4,WNT激活抑制因子1或WAIF1),癌抗原,AGS-5,AGS-22M6,类激活素受体激酶1,AFP,AKAP-4,ALK,α整合素,αV-β6,氨肽酶N,β淀粉样蛋白,雄激素受体,血管生成素2,促血管生成素3、Annexin A1,炭疽毒素的保护性抗原,抗转铁蛋白受体,AOC3(VAP-1),B7-H3,炭疽杆菌,BAFF(B细胞活化因子),B细胞淋巴瘤细胞,bcr-abl,Bombesin,BORIS,C5,C242抗原,CA125(糖抗原125,MUC16),CAIX(碳酸酐酶9),CALLA,CanAg,犬族IL31,肌球蛋白,CCL11(C-C类趋化因子11),CCR4(C-C趋化因子受体4型,CD194),CCR5、CD3ε,CEA(癌胚抗原),CEACAM3,CEACAM5、CFD,Ch4D5,胆囊收缩素2(CCK2R),CLDN18(密蛋白-18),凝集因子A,CRIPTO,CSF1R(集落刺激因子1受体,CD115),CSF2(集落刺激因子2受体),巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),CTLA4(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4),CTAA肿瘤抗原,CXCR4(CD184),C-X-C趋化因子受体4型,环状ADP-核糖水解酶,细胞周期蛋白B1,CYP1B1,巨细胞病毒,糖蛋白B,Dabigatran,DLL4,DPP4(二肽基肽酶4),DR5(死亡受体5),大肠杆菌志贺毒素-1,大肠杆菌志贺毒素-2,ED-B,EGFL7,EGFR,EGFRII,EGFRvIII,Endoglin(CD105),Endothelin B受体,内毒素,EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子),EphA2,Episialin,ERBB2(表皮生长因子受体2),ERBB3,ERG(TMPRSS2 ETS融合基因),大肠杆菌,ETV6-AML,FAP(成纤维细胞活化蛋白α),FCGR1,甲胎蛋白,纤维蛋白II,纤维连接蛋白额外域名-B,FOLR(叶酸受体),叶酸受体α,叶酸水解酶,Fos相关抗原1,呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白,Frizzled受体,岩藻糖GM1,GD2的神经节苷脂,G-28(细胞表面抗原glyvolipid),GD3独特型,GloboH,磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3,N-糖基神经氨酸,GM3,GM-CSF受体α链,生长分化因子8,GP100,GPNMB(跨膜糖蛋白NMB),GUCY2(鸟苷酸环化酶2C),鸟苷酸环化酶C(GC-C),肠鸟苷酸环化酶,鸟苷酸环化酶C受体,热稳定肠毒素受体(hSTAR),热休克蛋白,Hemagglutinin,乙型肝炎表面抗原,乙型肝炎病毒,HER1(人类表皮生长因子受体1),HER2,HER2/neu,HER3(ERBB-3),IgG4,HGF/SF(肝细胞生长因子/分散因子),HHGFR,HIV-1,Histone复合物,HLA-DR(人类白细胞抗原),HLA-DR10,HLA-DRB,HMWMAA,人绒毛膜促性腺激素,HNGF,人分散因子受体激酶,HPV E6/E7,HSP90,hTERT,ICAM-1(细胞间粘附分子1),Idiotype,IGF1R(IGF-1、类胰岛素生长因子1受体),IGHE,IFN-γ,流感病毒血凝素,Ig E Fc区,IGHE,IL-1,IL-2受体(白细胞介素2受体),IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-6R(白细胞介素6受体),IL-9,IL-10,IL-12,IL-13,IL-17,IL-17A,IL-20,IL-22,IL-23,IL31RA,ILGF2(类胰岛素生长因子2),整合素(α4,αIIBβ3,αVβ3,α4β7,α5β1,α6β4,α7β7,αIIβ3,α5β5,αVβ5),γ干扰素诱导蛋白,ITGA2,ITGB2,KIR2D,LCK,Legumain,Lewis-Y抗原,LFA-1(淋巴细胞功能相关抗原1,CD11a),LHRH,LINGO-1,脂磷壁酸,LIV1a,LMP2,LTA,MAD-CT-1,MAD-CT-2,MAGE-1,MAGE-2,MAGE-3,MAGE A1,MAGE A3,MAGE 4,MART1,MCP-1,MIF(巨噬细胞移动抑制因子,或糖基化抑制因子(GIF)),MS4A1(跨膜四域家族成员1),MSLN(间皮素),MUC1(粘蛋白1,细胞表面相关(MUC1)或多形上皮黏蛋白(PEM)),MUC1-KLH,MUC16(CA125),MCP1(单核细胞趋化蛋白1),MYCN,髓鞘相关糖蛋白,肌肉生长抑制素,NA17,NARP-1,NCA-90(粒细胞抗原),Nectin-4(ASG-22ME),神经生长因子,神经细胞凋亡调节蛋白1,Nogo-A,Notch受体,Nucleolin,Neu癌基因产物,NY-BR-1,NY-ESO-1,OX-40,OxLDL(氧化低密度脂蛋白),OY-TES1,p21,p53非突变,P97,PAP,抗(N-糖基神经氨酸)抗体结合部位,PAX3,PAX5,PCSK9,PDCD1(PD-1,程序性细胞死亡蛋白1,CD279),PDGF-Rα(血小板源性生长因子受体α型),PDGF-Rβ,PDL-1、PLAC1,PLAP-类睾丸碱性磷酸酶、血小板衍生生长因子受体β,磷酸-钠协同转运蛋白,PMEL 17,唾液酸,蛋白酶3(PR1),前列腺癌,PS(磷脂酰丝氨酸),前列腺癌细胞,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PSMA,PSA,前列腺干细胞抗原,狂犬病毒糖蛋白,RHD(Rh多肽1(RhPI),CD240),Rhesus因子,RANKL,RhoC,RAS突变,RGS5,ROBO4,呼吸道合胞病毒,RON,肉瘤易位断点,SART3,骨硬化蛋白,SLAM7,Selectin P,SDC1,系统性红斑狼疮(a),Somatomedin C,SIP(1-磷酸鞘氨醇)、生长抑素、精子蛋白17,SSX2,STEAP1(前列腺六跨膜上皮抗原1),STEAP2,STn,TAG-72(肿瘤相关糖蛋白72),Survivin,T细胞受体,T细胞的跨膜蛋白,TEM1(肿瘤血管内皮标志物1),TENB2,Tenascin C(TN-C),TGF-α(转化生长因子α),TGF-β,TGF-β1,TGF-β2,Tie(CD202b),Tie2,TIM-1(CDX-014),Tn,TNF,TNF-α,TNFRSF8,TNFRSF10B(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10B),TNFRSF13B,TPBG(滋养层糖蛋白),TRAIL-R1(肿瘤坏死凋亡诱导配体受体结合1),TRAIL-R2(死亡受体5,DR5),肿瘤相关钙信号转导子2,MUC1的肿瘤特异性糖基化,TWEAK受体,肿瘤特异性糖基化调节受体(糖蛋白基因75),TRP-2,酪氨酸酶,VCAM-1(CD106),VEGF(血管内皮生长因子),VEGF–A,VEGF-2(CD309),VEGFR-1,VEGFR-2,VEGFR2,波形蛋白,WT1,XAGE1,或表达任何细胞的胰岛素生长因子或表皮生长因子受体。
16.根据权利要求1,3,4,8,9,12和13,细胞结合分子优选为完整抗体(多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体);双体抗体,三体抗体,能与目标细胞结合的抗体片段(如Fab,Fab',F(ab')2,Fv,由Fab表达库产生的碎片);单克隆抗体;单链单克隆抗体;能与目标细胞结合的单克隆抗体片段;嵌合抗体;能与目标细胞结合的嵌合抗体片段;域抗体;能与目标细胞结合的域抗体;原型抗体;单链原型抗体;能与目标细胞结合的原型抗体片段;人源化抗体;单链人源化抗体;能与目标细胞结合的人源化抗体片段;抗独特型抗体(anti-Id);淋巴因子(如IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10);激素(如胰岛素,TRH(促甲状腺激素释放激素),类固醇激素,如雄激素和雌激素,MSH(促黑激素));干扰素(如IFN-γ);维生素,如叶酸;生长因子和集落刺激因子(如表皮生长因子(EGF),粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),转化生长因子(TGF)如TGFα和TGFβ,胰岛素和类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I和IGF-II),G-CSF、M-CSF和GM-CSF,痘苗病毒生长因子(VGF),成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)和血小板源性生长因子);细胞营养的运输分子;白细胞介素和细胞因子,如白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6);肽和肽激素,如蛙皮素、胃泌素、胃泌素释放肽;载脂蛋白和糖蛋白,如转铁蛋白;糖结合蛋白或脂蛋白,如凝集素;小分子抑制剂,如前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)抑制剂和小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI);可以和目标细胞结合的共轭蛋白;高分子、树状聚合物、纳米微粒、脂质体和病毒衣壳上连接的细胞结合分子,或以上分子的组合。
17.应用权利要求1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13和14中的细胞毒性分子制得的共轭偶联物,用在药物组合物中,靶向杀灭异常细胞,特别是肿瘤细胞,病毒感染细胞,微生物感染的细胞,寄生虫感染的细胞,自身免疫细胞,激活的细胞,骨髓细胞,激活T细胞和B细胞,黑色素细胞,增生性疾病,良性或恶性肿瘤,白血病和淋巴组织的恶性肿瘤,神经的、胶质的、星形胶质细胞的、下丘脑的、腺体的、巨噬细胞的、上皮的、基质的、囊胚的、血管生成的免疫紊乱、炎症、自身免疫性疾病、破坏性的紊乱、骨疾病、传染病、病毒疾病、肝疾病和神经变性紊乱;哺乳动物的胰腺或肾脏疾病。
18.一种用于治疗或预防癌症,自身免疫性疾病或传染病的药物组合物,含有根据权利要求1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13和14制得的、治疗有效量的共轭偶联物,或其药学上可接受的盐和载体、稀释剂或赋形剂,或它们的组合。
19.一种用于治疗或预防癌症,自身免疫性疾病或传染病的药物组合物,含有根据权利要求1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13和14制得的、治疗有效量的共轭偶联物,它同时与其他治疗剂如化疗、放射治疗、免疫治疗剂、抗自身免疫性疾病药物、抗感染药物或其他抗体药物偶联物给药,协同治疗或预防癌症、自身免疫性疾病,或传染病。
20.权利要求17中的肿瘤细胞包含淋巴瘤细胞、骨髓瘤细胞、肾细胞、乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结肠癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌细胞、睾丸癌细胞,或者其他任何的以不可控的速度生长和分裂,并致癌的细胞。
21.根据权利要求1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13和14制得的共轭偶联物,具有体外、活体内和活体内的活性。
22.根据权利要求1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12和13连接部件L和T包含一个1~20天然或非天然氨基酸的肽单元,或一个对氨基苄基单元,或一个6-马来酰亚胺己酰基单元,或二硫化物或硫醚单元,或腙单元,或三唑单元或烷基肟单元,可由蛋白酶在一定条件下水解。
23.权利要求19中协同治疗的的药物优先选自:Abatacept(Orencia),Abiraterone对乙酰氨基酚/氢可酮,阿达木单抗,阿法替尼阿仑单抗Alitretinoinado-Trastuzumab emtansine(KadcylaTM),安非他明混合盐(安非他明/消旋安非他明,或Adderall XR),阿那曲唑Aripiprazole,阿扎那韦,Atezolizumab(MPDL3280A),Atorvastatin,axitinibBelinostat(BeleodaqTM),BevacizumabCabazitaxelCabozantinib(CometriqTM),贝沙罗汀Blinatumomab(BlincytoTM),Bortezomib伯舒替尼Brentuximab vedotin布地奈德,布地奈德/福莫特罗,丁丙诺啡,卡培他滨,CarfilzomibCelecoxib,Ceritinib(LDK378/Zykadia),CetuximabCiclosporin,西那卡塞,CrizotinibDabigatran,DabrafenibDarbepoetin,Darunavir,伊马替尼达沙替尼Denileukin diftitoxDenosumabDepakote,Dexlansoprazole,Dexmethylphenidate,Dinutuximab(UnituxinTM),多西环素,度洛西汀,恩曲他滨/Rilpivirine/替诺福韦酯,恩曲他滨/替诺福韦/依法韦仑,Enoxaparin,EnzalutamideEpoetin,厄洛替尼Esomeprazole,右佐匹克隆,依那西普,依维莫司依西美坦依维莫司依折麦布,依折麦布/辛伐他汀,非诺贝特,非格司亭,芬戈莫德,Fluticasone,Fluticasone/沙美特罗氟吉非替尼Glatiramer、戈舍瑞林(Zoladex)、Imatinib(Gleevec)、Ibritumomab tiuxetanIbrutinib(ImbruvicaTM),Idelalisib英夫利昔单抗,门冬胰岛素,地特胰岛素,甘精胰岛素,赖脯胰岛素,干扰素β1a,干扰素β-1b,拉帕替尼Ipilimumab异丙托溴铵/硫酸沙丁胺醇,LanreotidelenaliomideLenvatinib甲磺酸(LenvimaTM),来曲唑Levothyroxine,利多卡因,Linezolid,利拉鲁肽,Lisdexamfetamine,MEDI4736(阿斯利康公司,Celgene),Memantine,Methylphenidate,美托洛尔,Modafinil,Mometasone,NilotinibNivolumabOfatumumabObinutuzumab(GazyvaTM),Olaparib(LynparzaTM),Olmesartan,Olmesartan/氢氯噻嗪,Omalizumab,ω-3脂肪酸乙酯,奥司他韦,羟考酮,palbociclibPalivizumab,Panitumumab帕比司他帕唑帕尼PembrolizumabPemetrexed(力比泰),Pertuzumab(帕妥珠单抗TM),肺炎球菌结合疫苗,PomalidomidePregabalin,Quetiapine,Rabeprazole,镭223氯化物Raloxifene,拉替拉韦,RamucirumabRanibizumabRituximabRivaroxaban,罗米地辛Rosuvastatin,ruxolitinib磷酸盐(JakafiTM),Salbutamol,Sevelamer,西地那非,Siltumixmab(SylvantTM),西他列汀,西他列汀/二甲双胍,Solifenacin,SorafenibSunitinib他达拉非,他莫昔芬,Telaprevir,Temsirolimus替诺福韦/恩曲他滨,Testosterone凝胶,沙利度胺(Immunoprin,Talidex),Tiotropium,托瑞米芬TrametinibTrastuzumab,TretinoinUstekinumab,Valsartan,凡德他尼VemurafenibVorinostatZivafliberceptZostavax和它们的类似物、衍生物、药学上可接受的盐、载体、稀释剂或赋形剂或其组合。
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