CN116694537A - 鼠李糖乳酪杆菌及其在制备治疗2型糖尿病产品中的应用 - Google Patents
鼠李糖乳酪杆菌及其在制备治疗2型糖尿病产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了鼠李糖乳酪杆菌及其在制备治疗2型糖尿病产品中的应用,涉及微生物技术领域。本发明提供了一种鼠李糖乳酪杆菌,拉丁学名为Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus,保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437,于2023年01月09日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心。本发明通过实验验证鼠李糖乳酪杆菌能够降低血糖水平,改善肝脏、肾脏和胰腺的组织病理学状态,改善血脂水平,通过NFκB‑p65途径调节炎症,并通过AMPK途径调节糖代谢,在预防或治疗2型糖尿病中具有重要的作用,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种鼠李糖乳酪杆菌及其在制备治疗2型糖尿病产品中的应用。
背景技术
2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种复杂的代谢性疾病。糖尿病发病的主要原因是胰岛素不能充分发挥作用或胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素不足,从而导致血糖平衡失控。T2DM不仅造成严重的心理和生理伤害,也给医疗系统带来了沉重的负担。部分糖尿病患者会出现并发症,而一旦出现并发症,用药物治疗很难逆转。因此,对糖尿病的预防和治疗的研究是非常重要的。
治疗糖尿病的常见药物包括磺胺类药物、胰岛素增敏剂、胰岛素注射剂和双胍类药物等。然而,这些药物可能引起严重的副作用,如恶心、呕吐、头痛、胃痛、肝肾功能不全和低血糖。
目前,大量的研究和实验验证乳杆菌抗糖尿病的作用。中国专利CN201910765902.7中公开了一种鼠李糖乳杆菌CCFM1060在制备功能性菌剂、食品和/或药物中的应用。该专利所述的鼠李糖乳杆菌CCFM1060能耐受人体肠胃环境,显著改善高脂饮食和STZ注射导致的2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖升高和口服糖耐量异常,显著改善二型糖尿病患者由于高脂饮食和STZ注射导致的血清中总胆固醇含量升高和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高,显著够缓解肝脏的炎症状态,显著降低由高脂饮食和STZ注射导致的胰腺和肝脏病理损伤。
中国专利CN202110839317.4中公开了一种预防或治疗2型糖尿病的微生物组合物及其制备方法和应用,该专利中所述的预防或治疗2型糖尿病的微生物组合物中包括长双歧杆菌BL21菌株和鼠李糖乳杆菌LRa05菌株。该微生物组合物能够显著降低II型糖尿病患者的体重;显著降低II型糖尿病患者血清中ALT、AST等的水平;降低血清炎症因子TNF-ɑ、IL-1β等的水平;显著降低升高的空腹血糖水平和口服葡萄糖耐量试验中的曲线下面积;显著降低血浆LPS水平。
中国专利CN202011405785.2中公开了一种鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株、菌剂及制备方法和应用,该专利中公开了一种由该菌株制备的菌剂以及该菌剂的制备方法。该发明首次采用鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC No.13310及用其制备的菌剂,披露了鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC No.13310具有改善肠屏障受损引发的2型糖尿病的新用途,特别是在降低空腹血糖,改善葡萄糖和胰岛素的耐受量方面的效果。
现有技术中已公开了一些乳杆菌在在改善糖尿病方面表现出良好的效果,如降低糖尿病患者的体重和降低患者血清中炎症因子的水平等。然而,不断探索和鉴定具有抗糖尿病作用的新乳杆菌,具有重要的临床意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种鼠李糖乳酪杆菌及其在制备治疗或预防2型糖尿病的产品中的应用,本发明的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌降低了糖尿病患者的血糖水平,改善了肝脏、肾脏和胰腺的组织病理学状态,还改善了血脂水平,对治疗糖尿病具有重要的意义。
术语解释:
如本发明中所述,二甲双胍是一种抗糖尿病药物,属于双胍类药物(含有两个相连的胍环),二甲双胍的主要作用机制是抑制肝脏的葡萄糖输出,改善外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性,从而增加葡萄糖的摄取和利用。在2型糖尿病的动物模型中,通常选择二甲双胍作为阳性对照。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种鼠李糖乳酪杆菌,拉丁学名为Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus,保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437,于2023年01月09日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心。
具体地,所述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌是从自然发酵的乳饼中分离纯化出来的。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种菌剂,所述的菌剂中包括上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌。
又一方面,本发明提供了上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌或上述的菌剂在制备治疗或预防糖尿病的药品中的应用。
具体地,在所述的药品中,鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的活菌数为(1-10)×109CFU/mL或(1-10)×109CFU/g,如1×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、2×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、3×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、4×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、5×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、6×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、7×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、8×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、9×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)、10×109CFU/mL(CFU/g)等,该数值范围内的其他点值均可选择。
具体地,所述的糖尿病的症状包括空腹血糖高;脑、肝、脾和肾的内脏指数高;TG、TC、LDL、AST、ALT、GSP和MDA水平高;HDL水平低;IL-1β、IL-6和ET-1水平高;IL-10水平低;TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表达水平高;IL-6和IL-10的mRNA表达水平低;LKB1、GLUT4、PPAR-γ、IRS-1和INSR的mRNA表达水平低;NPY、SREBF和VEGF的表达水平高。
具体地,所述的糖尿病为1型糖尿病或2型糖尿病。
进一步具体地,所述的糖尿病为2型糖尿病。
具体地,所述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌或上述的菌剂和其他治疗糖尿病的药物联用,所述的其他治疗糖尿病的药物选自胰岛素促泌剂、非磺脲类的胰岛素促泌剂、糖苷酶抑制剂、噻唑烷二酮类、DPP-4酶抑制剂、SCLT2抑制剂、胰岛素、GLP-1受体激动剂中的一种或多种。
进一步具体地,所述的胰岛素促泌剂包括格列本脲、格列齐特、格列吡嗪、格列喹酮、格列美脲等。
进一步具体地,所述的非磺脲类的胰岛素促泌剂包括瑞格列奈、那格列奈等。
进一步具体地,所述的糖苷酶抑制剂包括阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、米格列醇等。
进一步具体地,所述的噻唑烷二酮类包括马来酸罗格列酮、盐酸吡格列酮等。
进一步具体地,所述的DPP-4酶抑制剂包括磷酸西格列汀、阿格列汀、沙格列汀、利格列汀、维格列汀等。
进一步具体地,所述的SCLT2抑制剂包括达格列净、卡格列净、恩格列净等。
又一方面,本发明提供了上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌作为功能性益生菌在制备调节血糖的食品、食品添加剂或保健品中的应用。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗或预防糖尿病的药品,所述的药品中包括上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌或上述的菌剂。
具体地,所述的药品中鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的活菌数为(1-10)×109CFU/mL或(1-10)×109CFU/g。
具体地,所述的药品中还包括药学上可接受的载体。
再进一步具体地,所述的载体选自赋性剂、稳定剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、防腐剂、润滑剂中的一种或多种。
具体地,所述赋性剂选自微晶纤维素、乳糖、预胶化淀粉、环糊精、羧甲基纤维素、甘露醇中的至少一种。
具体地,所述稳定剂选自琼脂、藻酸、纤维素醚、羧甲基甲壳酯中的至少一种。
具体地,所述稀释剂选自赤藓糖醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、乳糖、蔗糖、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、磷酸钙、柠檬酸钙、结晶纤维素中的至少一种。
具体地,所述粘合剂选自乙醇、淀粉浆、糖浆、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
具体地,所述防腐剂选自羟苯甲酸甲酯、对羟苯甲酸丙酯、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金丙酯、三氯叔丁醇、硫柳汞、氧氰化汞、苯氧乙醇、氯己定、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、氯甲酚、苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵、羟苯乙酯中的至少一种。
具体地,所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、氯化钠、油酸钠、月桂醇硫酸钠、泊洛沙姆中的至少一种。
进一步具体地,所述的药物的剂型选自注射剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液体剂型、颗粒剂、软膏剂、混悬剂、散剂、乳剂、溶液剂、滴丸剂、栓剂、气雾剂中的任意一种。
又一方面,本发明公开了一种调节血糖的食品、食品添加剂或保健品,所述的食品、食品添加剂或保健品中包括上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌或上述的菌剂。
又一方面,本发明提供了上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的培养方法,所述的培养方法包括将上述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌接种于培养基进行培养。
具体地,所述的培养基的组分包括蛋白胨10g、牛肉粉5g、酵母粉4g、葡萄糖20g、吐温80 1mL、三水醋酸钠5g、七水磷酸氢二钾2g、柠檬酸三铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.2g和四水硫酸锰0.05g。
进一步具体地,所述的培养基为MRS培养基。
再进一步具体地,所述的MRS培养基的制备包括:
取蛋白胨10g、牛肉粉5g、酵母粉4g、葡萄糖20g、吐温80 1mL、三水醋酸钠5g、七水磷酸氢二钾2g、柠檬酸三铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.2g、四水硫酸锰0.05g,加水至1000mL,pH为6.2±0.2,121℃下高温灭菌15min。
具体地,所述的培养条件为25℃-37℃厌氧培养20h-24h。
进一步具体地,所述的培养条件为37℃厌氧培养24h。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明首次公开了鼠李糖乳酪杆菌4F225,并通过实验验证鼠李糖乳酪杆菌4F225能够降低血糖水平,改善肝脏、肾脏和胰腺的组织病理学状态,改善血脂水平,通过NFκB-p65途径调节炎症,并通过AMPK途径调节糖代谢,在预防或治疗2型糖尿病中具有重要的作用,具有广泛的应用前景。
保藏说明
保藏编号:CGMCC No.26437;
分类命名:鼠李糖乳酪杆菌Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus;
保藏时间:2023年01月09日;
保藏单位:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心;
保藏单位简称:CGMCC;
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
附图说明
图1为各组大鼠的体重水平变化图。
图2为各组大鼠的空腹血糖水平变化图。
图3为各组大鼠的脑脏器指数的变化图。
图4为各组大鼠的肝脏脏器指数的变化图。
图5为各组大鼠的脾脏器指数的变化图。
图6为各组大鼠的肾脏器指数的变化图。
图7为正常组大鼠的肝脏组织形态图。
图8为T2DM组大鼠的肝脏组织形态图。
图9为4F225+T2DM组大鼠的肝脏组织形态图。
图10为DMBG+T2DM组大鼠的肝脏组织形态图。
图11为正常组大鼠的肾脏组织形态图。
图12为T2DM组大鼠的肾脏组织形态图。
图13为4F225+T2DM组大鼠的肾脏组织形态图。
图14为DMBG+T2DM组大鼠的肾脏组织形态图。
图15为正常组大鼠的胰腺组织形态图。
图16为T2DM组大鼠的胰腺组织形态图。
图17为4F225+T2DM组大鼠的胰腺组织形态图。
图18为DMBG+T2DM组大鼠的胰腺组织形态图。
图19为各组大鼠的甘油三酯含量变化图。
图20为各组大鼠的总胆固醇含量变化图。
图21为各组大鼠的高密度脂蛋白含量变化图。
图22为各组大鼠的低密度脂蛋白含量变化图。
图23为各组大鼠的谷草转氨酶含量变化图。
图24为各组大鼠的谷丙转氨酶含量变化图。
图25为各组大鼠的糖化血清蛋白含量变化图。
图26为各组大鼠的丙二醛含量变化图。
图27为各组大鼠血清中的IL-1β含量变化图。
图28为各组大鼠血清中IL-6含量变化图。
图29为各组大鼠血清中IL-10含量变化图。
图30为各组大鼠血清中ET-1含量变化图。
图31为各组大鼠胰腺中TNF-α的mRNA表达水平图。
图32为各组大鼠胰腺中IL-1β的mRNA表达水平图。
图33为各组大鼠胰腺中IL-6的mRNA表达水平图。
图34为各组大鼠胰腺中IL-10的mRNA表达水平图。
图35为各组大鼠胰腺中LKB1的mRNA表达水平图。
图36为各组大鼠胰腺中GLUT4的mRNA表达水平图。
图37为各组大鼠胰腺中PPAR-γ的mRNA表达水平图。
图38为各组大鼠胰腺中IRS-1的mRNA表达水平图。
图39为各组大鼠胰腺中INSR的mRNA表达水平图。
图40为各组大鼠胰腺中NPY的mRNA表达水平图。
图41为各组大鼠胰腺中SREBF的mRNA表达水平图。
图42为各组大鼠胰腺中VEGF的mRNA表达水平图。
需要说明的是,上述附图中,仅标记了4F225+T2DM组的显著性差异(与T2DM组相比),未标记处不代表在统计学上不具有显著性差异。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中,若无特殊说明,所用的操作方法均为常规操作方法,所用设备均为常规设备,各个实施例所用设备材料均相同。
实验材料的购买厂家及货号:
甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、丙二醛、糖化血清蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的检测试剂盒均购自南京建城生物工程研究所,中国南京。
IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和ET-1的ELISA试剂盒购自上海酶联生物技术有限公司,中国上海。
本发明中L.rhamnosus4F225是指保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus。
基础实施例:
一、实验准备
1. 实验材料
a. 生物安全柜。
b. 仪器或其他用品:试管、一次性平皿、手套、酒精灯、移液枪、移液管、试管架、牙签和涂布棒。
2. 培养基
MRS分离培养基:蛋白胨10g、牛肉粉5g、酵母粉4g、葡萄糖20g、吐温80 1mL、三水醋酸钠5g、七水磷酸氢二钾2g、柠檬酸三铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.2g、四水硫酸锰0.05g,加水至1000mL,pH为6.2±0.2,分装至三角瓶后各加入2%琼脂粉,在121℃下高温灭菌15min,倒入无菌平皿中,待用。
活化培养基(MRS肉汤):蛋白胨10g、牛肉粉5g、酵母粉4g、葡萄糖20g、吐温80 1mL、三水醋酸钠5g、七水磷酸氢二钾2g、柠檬酸三铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.2g、四水硫酸锰0.05g,加水至1000mL,pH为6.2±0.2,分装试管,在121℃下高温灭菌15min,待用。
分离培养基是在活化培养基基础上额外增加2%琼脂粉。
二、样品稀释及培养
将混匀的乳饼立即接种于9mL生理盐水中,记为10-2;继续向下稀释5个梯度,记为10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7分别从各浓度的稀释液中吸取0.1mL,于分离培养基平板均匀涂布,在37℃下恒温培养48h。
三、鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的分离纯化
挑取不同菌落形态分区域划线至分离培养基,在37℃下恒温培养24h,镜检各菌落形态,挑取杆状菌落,反复划线分离纯化。
四、16S鉴定及保存
将培养好的固体平板取出,挑取不同形态菌落,以无菌操作接种于活化培养基中,至于37℃厌氧恒温培养箱培养24小时,同步进行16S鉴定:
a. 引物
表1.
b. PCR体系
27F引物溶液1μL,1492R引物溶液1μL,2×PCR MasterMix 12μL,无菌水10μL,模板1μL。
c. PCR反应条件
95℃,5min;30个循环:95℃,30s;55℃,30s;72℃,2min;72℃,10min。
NCBI比对后将鉴定结果为鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的发酵液,25%甘油管冷冻保藏。
实施例1
1、实验动物
6周龄的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(n=40)购自重庆医科大学实验动物中心,并适应性喂养1周。大鼠被安置在一个可调节的环境中(温度25±2℃,相对湿度50%±5%,12小时/12小时的光照/黑暗周期),可以不受限制地获得标准鼠粮和水。
2、建立2型糖尿病模型
将40只大鼠随机分为以下四组:正常组、2型糖尿病模型组(T2DM)、二甲双胍阳性对照组(DMBG+T2DM)和L.rhamnosus4F225(4F225+T2DM)组,每组10只大鼠。
前9周,除正常组外,所有大鼠都被喂以60%-Kcal的脂肪饮食(20%蔗糖,10%猪油,3%胆固醇,67%标准饲料)(重庆拜尔斯威尔生物技术有限公司)。
在第9周,所有大鼠禁食12小时;对照组的大鼠注射生理盐水,其余的大鼠通过尾静脉注射30毫克/公斤的链脲佐菌素(STZ)(购自西格玛奥德奇公司)。注射的次数为1次,STZ被溶解在柠檬酸钠盐水缓冲液(pH=4.5)中,并在黑暗的房间中立即注射给大鼠,以避免降解。
从第10周到第14周,所有大鼠都用标准大鼠饲料喂养。链脲佐菌素注射后一周,通过尾静脉采集大鼠的血液,用ACCU-CHEK Advantage血糖仪(罗氏诊断公司,瑞士巴塞尔)分析空腹血糖浓度。
各组大鼠的具体样品处理方法如下:
(1)除第9周外,正常组和T2DM组大鼠在整个实验过程中接受正常生理盐水灌胃;
(2)在第1至8周,DMBG+T2DM组大鼠接受正常生理盐水灌胃;从第10周开始,DMBG+T2DM组大鼠接受200mg/kg-bw的二甲双胍溶液;
(3)4F225+T2DM组大鼠每天接受1.0×109CFU/mL活菌数的L. rhamnosus4F225,在整个实验期间,第9周除外。每周测量各组的体重。
3、内脏指数和组织学分析
给予麻醉(戊巴比妥钠80mg/kg;购自古泰生物公司,中国湖北)后,通过眼眶静脉采集大鼠的血液。然后处死大鼠,解剖大脑、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和胰腺。
测量脑、肝和肾的重量,用以下公式计算内脏指数(VX)。
VX(%)=(W1/W2)×100%;
其中,W1代表组织的重量;W2代表大鼠的体重。
收集肝脏、脾脏和胰腺的切片进行苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色。剩余的每个组织都被放置在一个单独的离心管中,然后迅速放置在液氮中。解剖完成后,所有的组织被转移到-80℃的冰箱中(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司,中国上海)保存。
4、生化指标的测定
血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、丙二醛(MDA)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的水平按照说明书的步骤进行测定(南京建城生物工程研究所,中国南京)。
5、ELISA试剂盒的分析
血清中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、白细胞介素(IL)-6、白细胞介素(IL)-10和内皮素-1(ET-1)的水平使用ELISA试剂盒(上海酶联生物技术有限公司,中国上海)进行检测。
6、RT-qPCR检测
RT-qPCR检测包括以下步骤:
(1)将100毫克冷冻胰腺组织与1毫升TRIzol试剂(购自赛默飞世尔科技公司)混合进行组织匀浆。
(2)向匀浆液中加入氯仿,然后离心,取上层水相。
(3)加入异丙醇沉淀RNA,用75%的乙醇清洗RNA沉淀。
(4)将RNA沉淀物溶解在无RNase的水中。
(5)使用cDNA试剂盒(购自赛默飞世尔科技公司)将mRNA反转录成cDNA,表达胰岛素受体(INSR)、胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)、过氧化物酶增殖剂激活受体(PPAR)-γ、神经肽Y(NPY)、甾醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。
(6)使用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)仪器(购自赛默飞世尔科技公司)测定胰腺中葡萄糖转运体(GLUT)4、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α。
所有引物均来自英杰生命技术有限公司(赛默飞世尔科技公司),其序列列于表2。选择β-肌动蛋白作为内部参考标记,并使用2-ΔΔCT方法计算目标基因的相对表达。
表2.
7、统计分析
使用GraphPad Prism 7.0软件(格拉夫派得软件公司)来计算和分析数据。结果以平均值()±标准差(SD)表示。数据集之间的差异比较用方差分析Duncan的多重范围检验。当P值<0.05时,差异被认为具有统计学意义。
8、实验结果
(1)糖尿病大鼠的体重和空腹血糖
大鼠的体重水平见图1和下表3。DMBG+T2DM组和4F225+T2DM组的大鼠比正常组的大鼠略瘦,但明显比T2DM组的大鼠重。在前9周,T2DM组和DMBG+T2DM组大鼠的体重比正常组大鼠的体重增加得更快;然而,4F225+T2DM组大鼠的体重增加得比T2DM组和DMBG+T2DM组慢,与正常组的体重相似。与体形的结果相似,用STZ处理后,大鼠的体重有不同程度的下降。在各组中,正常大鼠的体重没有下降,但T2DM组大鼠的体重下降最为严重。但与T2DM组相比,4F225+T2DM组能在一定程度上减少体重的下降。
表3 各组大鼠的体重变化(±SD)
大鼠的空腹血糖水平见图2和下表4。用STZ处理造模的糖尿病模型(T2DM)明显增加了空腹血糖水平,但与T2DM组相比,L. rhamnosus4F225有效控制了空腹血糖水平的上升。这些结果表明,糖尿病模型诱导成功,L. rhamnosus4F225对糖尿病有初步改善作用。
表4 各组大鼠的空腹血糖(±SD)
注:※表示与T2DM组相比具有显著性。
(2)脑、肝、脾和肾的内脏指数
T2DM通常会诱发非酒精性脂肪肝,导致肝脏肿大。糖尿病可引起肾小球高滤过和肾脏肥大,导致典型的多尿症状。脾脏是人体中最大的免疫器官,糖、脂质和蛋白质代谢紊乱可能导致脾气不足综合征。长期高血糖控制不佳可导致脑血管粥样硬化,甚至脑梗塞,影响脑功能。从图3-图6和下表5中可以看出,T2DM组大鼠的脑、肝、脾和肾的内脏指数明显高于正常组。与T2DM组相比,DMBG+T2DM组和4F225+T2DM组的肝脏脏器指数和脑脏器指数明显下降。
表5 各组大鼠的脏器指数(±SD)
注:※表示与T2DM组相比具有显著性。
(3)肝脏组织的组织学观察
用电子显微镜(购自奥林巴斯公司)观察肝脏的病理形态(图7-图10)。正常组大鼠的肝小叶结构完整清晰,肝细胞排列整齐,细胞大小、形状和分布正常。T2DM组大鼠的肝细胞排列紊乱;肝窦之间的空间变窄,细胞核呈梭形,并有炎症细胞浸润。与T2DM组相比,DMBG+T2DM组和4F225+T2DM组大鼠的肝脏病理形态优于T2DM组。4F225+T2DM组的大鼠肝脏的整体状况更接近于正常组。
(4)肾脏组织的组织学观察
由于糖尿病通常会影响到肾脏,所以分析糖尿病大鼠的肾脏病理形态非常重要。正常组的大鼠,肾脏结构完整,整体结构规则有序,肾小球形状、比例和分布正常,没有异常结构和细胞(图11)。T2DM组大鼠的肾脏形状明显不同,整体结构混乱,细胞排列不规则,肾小球变形、萎缩,肾小球囊之间的空间扩大(图12)。4F225+T2DM组大鼠的肾脏结构相对规则,肾小球形状和比例基本正常(图13),与正常组和DMBG+T2DM组(图14)的观察结果相似。
(5)胰腺组织的组织学观察
如图15所示,正常组大鼠的胰腺细胞排列规律,胰岛的大小和数量正常,胰腺细胞的形状、大小和排列都正常。如图16所示,T2DM组大鼠胰腺细胞排列紊乱,胰岛直径明显缩小,胰岛细胞萎缩或消失,细胞边界模糊或消失,细胞已死亡。与正常组相比,DMBG+T2DM组(图18)大鼠的胰腺组织出现了一些异常,包括小叶间管变小,部分胰岛直径变小,胰岛细胞的大小和分布比T2DM组多。与T2DM组相比,4F225+T2DM组(图17)胰岛细胞的数量有所增加,整个胰腺的形状与正常组相似,细胞间隔清晰,无明显坏死细胞。
(6)大鼠血清中的TG(甘油三酯)、TC(总胆固醇)、HDL(高密度脂蛋白)、LDL(低密度脂蛋白)、AST(谷草转氨酶)、ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、GSP(糖化血清蛋白)和MDA(丙二醛)水平的检测。
血脂和血糖水平是评价糖尿病的重要指标。AST和ALT是肝脏损伤的重要生物标志物。AST和ALT的高水平与T2DM呈正相关关系。GSP主要反映前1-3周的平均血糖浓度,是了解血糖水平和对糖尿病患者进行药物监测的重要指标。MDA是脂质过氧化的主要标志产物之一。
检测结果如图19-图26和下表6所示,正常组大鼠血清中的TG、TC、LDL、AST、ALT、GSP和MDA水平最低,HDL最高。上述指标在T2DM组表现出相反的趋势。糖尿病大鼠口服L. rhamnosus4F225后(即4F225+T2DM组),与T2DM组相比,血清中TG、TC、LDL、AST、ALT、GSP和MDA的水平下降,HDL-C上升。这些结果表明,L. rhamnosus4F225具有调节血糖水平和降低脂质过氧化的能力,可以将血脂和血糖维持在相对正常的水平。
表6.
注:※表示与T2DM组相比具有显著性。
(7)大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和ET-1水平的检测
T2DM伴随着持续的慢性低度炎症。高水平的IL-6和IL-1β是加重T2DM的关键炎症因素,可以促进胰岛素抵抗,损害β细胞功能,并导致细胞凋亡。IL-10是一种抗炎细胞因子,可以抑制促炎因子的分泌,在保护胰岛细胞和胰岛功能方面起作用。NF κB-p65信号通路在炎症中起着重要作用。
大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和ET-1的水平通过ELISA检测试剂盒进行测定,结果见图27-图30。与正常组相比,糖尿病大鼠(T2DM组)血清中的IL-1β、IL-6和ET-1水平升高,IL-10水平下降。与T2DM组相比,用L. rhamnosus4F225治疗(4F225+T2DM组)和二甲双胍治疗(DMBG+T2DM组)可降低IL-1β、IL-6和ET-1的水平,提高IL-10的水平。此外,L. rhamnosus4F225对上述指标有更好的调节作用。
(8)胰腺中NF κB p65信号通路相关基因的mRNA表达
NFκB-p65是一种炎症因子,在糖尿病肾病中发挥重要的细胞因子调节作用。NFκB-p65可以促进IL-6和TNF-α等炎症因子的分泌,释放的炎症因子可以激活NFκB-p65。IκB-α是NFκB-p65的重要抑制剂,当IκB-α被磷酸化和降解时,NFκB-p65被激活,诱发其他炎症因子的释放。
本发明首先检测了胰腺中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10的mRNA表达水平(图31-图34和下表7)。结果显示,与T2DM组相比,4F225+T2DM组的TNF-α、IL-1β的mRNA表达水平明显降低,而IL-10和IL-6的mRNA表达水平则高于T2DM组(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,L. rhamnosus4F225可以调节糖尿病大鼠的炎症反应,是由于益生菌对肠道微生物群的免疫调节作用。
表7.
注:※表示与T2DM组相比具有显著性。
(9)胰腺中AMPK信号通路相关基因的mRNA表达
AMPK是能量代谢的主要调节器之一,AMPK的活性受损会导致组织中的胰岛素抵抗,减少葡萄糖的摄取,它是糖尿病患者的一个关键治疗目标。AMPK的异常表达会导致许多其他糖尿病相关基因的异常表达,如GLUT4、LKB1、PPAR-γ、NPY、SREBF-1、VEGF、IRS-1和INSR。GLUT将细胞外的葡萄糖跨膜转运到细胞内,是骨骼肌细胞吸收葡萄糖的关键步骤。LKB1是AMPK的上游引物,通过促进AMPK α亚基中Thr172位点的磷酸化来激活AMPK,从而抑制脂质合成,减少能量消耗。PPARs是脂质代谢和葡萄糖代谢的重要调节器。NPY多态性与T2DM的血管并发症风险增加有关。SREBF-1和VEGF都与T2DM的病理生理学有关。INSR具有介导胰岛素的作用,胰岛素与INSR结合后,刺激IRS-1蛋白的酪氨酸磷酸化,使磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶激活蛋白激酶B,引起叉头盒蛋白的磷酸化,最终导致抑制生糖基因的转录。
如图35-图42和下表8所示,与T2DM组相比,4F225+T2DM组大鼠的LKB1、GLUT4、PPAR-γ、IRS-1和INSR的mRNA表达水平明显上调,而NPY、SREBF和VEGF的表达水平则下调。
表8.
注:※表示与T2DM组相比具有显著性。
在本发明中发现,L. rhamnosus4F225可以控制高脂肪饮食引起的体重增加和血糖水平,改善了肝脏、肾脏和胰腺的组织病理学状态,还改善了血脂水平,通过NF κB-p65途径调节炎症,并通过AMPK途径调节糖代谢。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.鼠李糖乳酪杆菌在制备治疗或预防糖尿病的药品中的应用,其特征在于,所述的鼠李糖乳杆菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的糖尿病为2型糖尿病。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌和其他治疗糖尿病的药物联用,所述的其他治疗糖尿病的药物选自胰岛素促泌剂、非磺脲类的胰岛素促泌剂、糖苷酶抑制剂、噻唑烷二酮类、DPP-4酶抑制剂、SCLT2抑制剂、胰岛素、GLP-1受体激动剂中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的药品中,鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的活菌数为(1-10)×109CFU/mL或(1-10)×109CFU/g。
5.鼠李糖乳酪杆菌作为功能性益生菌在制备调节血糖的食品、食品添加剂或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述的鼠李糖乳杆菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437。
6.一种治疗或预防糖尿病的药品,其特征在于,所述的药品中包括鼠李糖乳酪杆菌,所述的鼠李糖乳杆菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药品,其特征在于,所述的药品中鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的活菌数为(1-10)×109CFU/mL或(1-10)×109CFU/g。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药品,其特征在于,所述的药品中包括药学上可接受的载体,所述的药学上可接受的载体选自赋性剂、稳定剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、防腐剂、润滑剂中的一种或多种。
9.鼠李糖乳酪杆菌的培养方法,其特征在于,包括将保藏编号为CGMCC No.26437的鼠李糖乳酪杆菌接种于培养基培养。
10.根据权利要求9所述的培养方法,其特征在于,所述的培养条件为25℃-37℃厌氧培养20h-24h。
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