CN116569996A - A kind of feed additive for red-clawed crayfish secondary brooding and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for red-clawed crayfish for secondary oviposition, a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention comprises the following components: 29.5-30.5% of bait powder, 24.5-25.5% of methyl farnesoid, 9.5-10.5% of Schizochytrium powder, 9.5-10.5% of Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate 7-8%, linseed oil 9.5-10.5%, alanine hydroxamic acid 7-8%; the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid offal powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5. The invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned feed additive. The feed additive of the invention is added to a conventional shrimp feed to make a compound shrimp feed, which is used for feeding the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish. The invention can obviously promote the gonad development of the red-clawed crayfish emptying shrimp, make its ovary rapidly mature in a short time, improve the ovipositing rate of the oviparous shrimp obtained therefrom, and further increase the supply of shrimp seedlings.

Description

A kind of feed additive for red-clawed crayfish secondary brooding and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for second oviposition of crayfish and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

The breeding process of red claw crayfish is: in October every year, broodstock enter the greenhouse, overwintering and cultivating until the next year, and usually start to heat up and mate in February, and start to catch the first batch of egg-bearing shrimp one month later. After 15 -40 days became the first batch of empty shrimp, and the first batch of shrimp seedlings were obtained; the first batch of shrimp seedlings had a long time span for emergence and large differences in specifications. Due to the low water temperature in the outer pond, they needed to be cultured in greenhouses. The first batch of empty shrimp continued to be cultivated, and the second mating was carried out. After another month, the second batch of egg-bearing shrimp was caught. After 20-30 days, the second batch of egg-bearing shrimp became empty shrimp and the second batch of shrimp was obtained. seedlings; the second batch of shrimp seedlings are relatively neat in size and can be directly put into the outer pond for cultivation. A female shrimp can mate and lay eggs more than 3 times during the breeding cycle. However, the shrimp seedlings obtained from the third and fourth batches of brooding shrimps are too late to grow, resulting in a smaller size and poor quality. dropped. Therefore, the success or failure of red claw crayfish breeding mainly depends on the pregnancy and reproduction of the first two batches of egg-bearing shrimps. The first batch of egg-bearing shrimps are mated after the broodstock have survived the winter for a long time, and there are many influencing factors. The effect of rapid ovarian maturation through nutritional supplementation is uneven; the second batch of oviparous shrimps were re-mated from empty shrimps, and feeding suitable feed during this relatively short period of time can promote the ovaries of red crayfish Rapid maturation, thereby increasing the egg holding rate of egg holding shrimp.

Existing feed for red-clawed crayfish mainly provides nutrients for red-clawed crayfish to promote the rapid growth of red-clawed crayfish. For example, Chinese patent CN101011110A discloses a kind of red-clawed crayfish feed. 8-12% imported fish meal, 42-52% soybean meal, 2-4% cuttlefish meal, 2-4% rapeseed meal, 2-4% cotton meal, 18-24% No. 4 meal, 2- 3% fish oil, 2-3% soybean oil, 1-2% soybean phosphorus, 3-4% A-starch, 2-3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25-0.75% cholesterol, 0.5-1.5% choline chloride and the balance of additives containing multivitamins, multiminerals and beneficial micro-preparations. This red-clawed crayfish feed has high nutritional value, low feed coefficient, and safe and reliable use. The red-clawed crayfish fed with this red-clawed crayfish feed has a fast growth rate, a high survival rate, a high yield, and a large size. Moreover, the production Low cost and easy to promote. However, the pertinence of this red-clawed crayfish feed is poor, it cannot promote the maturation of the ovaries of the red-clawed crayfish, and it cannot make the ovaries of the first batch of red-clawed crayfish produce empty shrimps to mature rapidly in a short period of time, resulting in a lower egg brooding rate. Shrimp seed is in short supply.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for the second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish and its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the problem that the feed for red-clawed crayfish in the prior art is poorly targeted and cannot make the first batch of red-clawed crayfish produce The ovaries of empty shrimp mature rapidly in a short period of time, resulting in a low oviposition rate and insufficient supply of shrimp seedlings.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

In one aspect, a feed additive for the second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish of the present invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 29.5-30.5% of bait powder, 24.5-25.5% of methyl farnesoid, and Bacteria powder 9.5-10.5%, Porphyridium algae powder 9.5-10.5%, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate 7-8%, linseed oil 9.5-10.5%, alanine hydroxamic acid 7-8%; the bait The flour is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5.

The feed additive of the present invention is based on bait powder composed of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder and methyl farnesoid. The claret silkworm powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, and methyl farnesoid is a sesquiterpene hormone. 5-Hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in multiple physiological processes of crustaceans, clam worm powder, methyl farnesoid and 5-HT creatinine sulfate organically compound, synergistically, can rapidly improve the gonad development of empty shrimp; squid Some sex hormones or sterols contained in viscera powder, taurine in squid viscera powder are organically matched with alanine hydroxamic acid, Schizochytrium powder and Porphyridium powder, which can effectively induce the production of yolk and Accumulate, enhance the nutrient penetration in cells, improve the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promote nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, it enriches the nutritional structure of feed additives, promotes the interaction between various components, and improves the The stability of the feed additive; this feed additive can also promote the bait-seeking and feeding behavior of the red-clawed crayfish to a large extent, improve the palatability and utilization rate of the compound shrimp feed, and obviously promote the red-clawed crayfish to produce empty shrimp Gonad development, accelerate gonad maturation, make the ovaries of red crayfish empty shrimp mature rapidly in a short period of time, improve the oviposition rate of ovipositous shrimp obtained from it, and then increase the supply of shrimp seedlings.

As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the alanine hydroxamic acid is: at 0-5°C, take alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water, and alanine methyl Esters hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride are mixed, and added to deionized water, the usage amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 50% of the quality of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, the usage amount of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is deionized water 30% by weight, stir and mix well; add sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, react at 20-40°C for 3-12h; cool to 0 -5°C, add concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38%, the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid added is 80% of the mass of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, acidify for 30-60min, precipitate out, filter with suction, dry at room temperature, Alanine hydroxamic acid. In the present invention, alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride are purchased directly, and alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride react to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid; alanine hydroxamic acid is carboxylic acid Derivatives, containing both carbonyl and oxime groups, there are oxygen and nitrogen close to each other in the oxime group, these two atoms have lone pairs of electrons, so that the hydroxamic acid polymer has a strong chelating ability; therefore, Alanine hydroxamic acid has the functions of enhancing immunity, promoting animal growth, relieving stress, preventing diseases, and maintaining intestinal nutrition and physiology.

In the present invention, clariworm powder, squid viscera powder, methyl farnesate, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid cooperate with each other, Schizochytrium Powder can synthesize docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is considered to be a microorganism with great potential for industrial production of docosahexaenoic acid, which can provide shrimp with DHA required for gonad development to accelerate Shrimp gonad development; Porphyridium algae powder is rich in arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). As a precursor of prostaglandins, ARA can stimulate the production of endogenous testosterone, which can Indirectly promote the gonad development of crustaceans; 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in many physiological processes such as crustacean pigment migration, reproductive activities, molting activities, skeletal muscle contraction, blood sugar concentration, etc., and can increase gonad index and egg cell diameter when applied in shrimp etc., and promote the release of gonadotropins.

As a preferred embodiment, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. In the present invention, clariworm powder and squid viscera powder are used as bait powder, clariworm powder is obtained by sterilizing, drying and pulverizing clariworm, and squid viscera powder is obtained by sterilizing, drying and pulverizing squid viscera; At the same time, clamworm powder contains nutrients such as amino acids and trace elements, and squid viscera powder contains nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron and phosphorus. This feed additive also improves the content of protein, amino acids and trace elements in the compound shrimp feed. content.

In another aspect, the preparation method of a kind of feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps: 1) take bait powder, methyl farnesoid, schizochytrium powder, porphyrin powder , 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid, mix, stir, get primary mixture; 2) get linseed oil, add in the primary mixture of step 1) gained, stir, mix uniformly, obtain mixture; 3) in the mixture obtained in step 2), add deionized water, the amount of deionized water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stir to obtain the initial mixture; 4) the initial mixture obtained in step 3) The mixed material is placed in a mixer, and stirred for 2-4min at a stirring speed of 100-200r/min; the mixed material is obtained; 5) the mixed material obtained in step 4) is placed in a grinder, extruded, dried, and pulverized, get feed additives.

In the preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish of the present invention, first bait powder, methyl farnesoate, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine Hydroxamic acid mixed with linseed oil, then extruded into small particles under the action of deionized water, and then dried and crushed to obtain feed additive powder; the content of crude protein, fat and total sugar in linseed oil and as high as 84.07%, and the protein has a complete range of amino acids, and the content of essential amino acids is as high as 5.16%, which is a vegetable protein with high nutritional value; at the same time, adding linseed oil to the additive can improve its stability and prevent oxidative degradation; initial During the mixing, extrusion and drying process of the mixture, each component fully interacts, which strengthens the force between the components, achieves a synergistic effect, and improves the comprehensive performance of the feed additive. The preparation method is simple, convenient to operate, mild in conditions, has no special requirements on equipment, and is easy to realize industrialization.

As a preferred embodiment, in the step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60r/min, and the stirring time is 5-10min. During the preparation of the mixture, the stirring is usually carried out in one direction, for example: stirring clockwise, the stirring makes the linseed oil fully dispersed in the primary mixture, and the mixing is uniform, which is conducive to the full action of the linseed oil.

As a preferred embodiment, in the step 5), the drying is carried out at room temperature, and the drying time is 10-20 hours. The drying process of the present invention is usually air drying, the energy consumption of air drying at room temperature is low, the drying process will not affect the internal components of the feed additive, and the operation is convenient.

As a preferred embodiment, in the step 5), the water content of the feed additive is 6-8%. The feed additive of the invention is a powder, and the dried feed additive has less water content, which is convenient for storage and use; the drying process is controlled by the water content in the feed additive, and the control is accurate and easy to implement.

In yet another aspect, the application of a feed additive for the second brooding of red crayfish of the present invention, the feed additive is added to the shrimp feed, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the shrimp feed is 20-40%, The compound shrimp feed is obtained, and the compound shrimp feed is used for feeding the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish.

The feed additive obtained in the present invention can rapidly improve the gonad development of the red-clawed crayfish emptying shrimp, effectively induce the production and accumulation of yolk substances, make the ovaries of the red-clawing crayfish emptying shrimp mature rapidly in a short time, and improve The ovipositing rate of the ovipositing shrimp thus obtained increases the supply of shrimp seedlings, and is especially suitable for the empty-laying shrimp that has once laid eggs of the red crayfish, also known as the second oviposition process of the red crayfish.

As a preferred embodiment, the compound shrimp feed is fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the red-clawed crayfish. The feed additive of the invention is used together with the conventional shrimp feed, and the feeding is convenient, the usage amount of the feed additive is small, and the use effect is remarkable. This conventional shrimp feed is an existing shrimp feed, such as: Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed, Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed includes fish meal, soybean meal, yeast powder, vitamins and minerals, wherein, crude protein content ≥ 40%, crude fiber content ≤ 5% %, crude ash content ≤ 18%, crude fat content ≥ 3%, total phosphorus content ≥ 1%, lysine content ≥ 2%, moisture content ≤ 12%.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the feed additive of the present invention is based on bait powder composed of clam worm powder and squid viscera powder and methyl farnesoid, the clam worm powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, Methyl farnesoid is a sesquiterpene hormone, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in many physiological processes of crustaceans, lugworm powder is organically compounded with methyl farnesoid and 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, Synergistic effect can quickly improve the gonad development of empty shrimp; some sex hormones or sterols contained in squid viscera powder, taurine and alanine hydroxamic acid in squid viscera powder, Schizochytrium powder and purple ball The organic matching of algal powder can effectively induce the production and accumulation of yolk substances, enhance the nutrient penetration in cells, improve the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promote nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, the nutritional structure of feed additives is enriched , which promotes the interaction between the various components and improves the stability of the feed additive; to a large extent, this feed additive can also promote the bait-seeking and bait-taking behavior of the red crayfish, and improve the palatability of the compound shrimp feed It can significantly promote the gonad development of the red crayfish emptying shrimp, accelerate the maturation of the gonads, make the ovary of the red crayfish emptying shrimp mature rapidly in a short time, and improve the ovipositing rate of the ovipositing shrimp obtained from it. , thereby increasing the supply of shrimp fry.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A feed additive for the second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish of the present invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: bait powder 29.5-30.5%, methyl farnesoid 24.5-25.5%, schizochytrium powder 9.5- 10.5%, Porphyridium algae powder 9.5-10.5%, 5-HT creatinine sulfate 7-8%, linseed oil 9.5-10.5%, alanine hydroxamic acid 7-8%; the bait powder is clamworm The powder and squid viscera powder are a mixture of 4-6:5 by weight.

Preferably, the preparation method of the alanine hydroxamic acid is: at 0-5°C, take alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water, and alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is mixed, and is added to deionized water, and the consumption of hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 50% of the quality of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the consumption of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 30% of deionized water weight, Stir and mix well; add sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, react at 20-40°C for 3-12h; cool to 0-5°C, add Concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38%, the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid added is 80% of the mass of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, acidified for 30-60min, precipitated, suction filtered, and dried at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxyl xamic acid.

Preferably, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid offal powder in a weight ratio of 1:1.

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Take bait powder, methyl farnesoid, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the primary mixture;

2) Take linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) In the mixture obtained in step 2), add deionized water, the amount of deionized water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stir to obtain the primary mixture;

4) Put the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 2-4min at a stirring speed of 100-200r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Preferably, in the step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60r/min, and the stirring time is 5-10min.

Preferably, in step 5), the drying is carried out at room temperature, and the drying time is 10-20 hours.

Further, in the step 5), the water content of the feed additive is 6-8%.

The application of a kind of feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, described feed additive is added in shrimp feed, and the addition amount of described feed additive in shrimp feed is 20-40%, obtains compound shrimp feed, The compound shrimp feed is used for feeding the first batch of empty shrimps of redclaw crayfish.

Preferably, the compound shrimp feed is fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the red crayfish.

Embodiment one

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Take 295g of bait powder, 245g of methyl farnesoid, 95g of Schizochytrium powder, 105g of Porphyridum powder, 80g of serotonin creatinine sulfate and 80g of alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

Among them, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1, and alanine hydroxamic acid is prepared from alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under the action of alkali and acid. into;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 100 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 4 minutes at a stirring speed of 100 r/min to obtain a mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Embodiment two

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Take 305g of bait powder, 255g of methyl farnesoid, 105g of Schizochytrium powder, 95g of Porphyridum powder, 70g of serotonin creatinine sulfate and 75g of alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

Wherein, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to a weight ratio of 4:5. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150g and deionized water 1000g, mix alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add to deionized water, stir, mix well; add 300g sodium hydroxide, react at 20°C for 12h; cool to 5°C, add 240 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36%, acidify for 60 minutes, precipitate out, filter with suction, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

2) Take 95 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir at a speed of 30 r/min for 10 min, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 150 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 2 minutes at a stirring speed of 200 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 10 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Embodiment three

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Take 300g of bait powder, 250g of methyl farnesoid, 100g of Schizochytrium powder, 100g of Porphyridum powder, 75g of serotonin creatinine sulfate and 70g of alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

Wherein, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to a weight ratio of 6:5, and the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is: at 5°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150g and deionized water 1000g, mix alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add to deionized water, stir, mix well; add 300g sodium hydroxide, react at 40°C for 3h; cool to 0°C, add 240 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 38%, acidify for 30 minutes, precipitate out, filter with suction, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

2) Take 105 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 60 r/min for 5 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 120 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 20 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Embodiment four

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Take 300g of bait powder, 250g of methyl farnesoid, 100g of Schizochytrium powder, 100g of Porphyridum powder, 75g of serotonin creatinine sulfate and 75g of alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

Wherein, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to a weight ratio of 1:1, and the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is: at 3°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150g and deionized water 1000g, mix alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add to deionized water, stir, mix well; add 300g sodium hydroxide, react at 30°C for 8h; cool to 3°C, add 240 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 37%, acidify for 50 minutes, precipitate out, filter with suction, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 120 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Embodiment five

A kind of preparation method of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red claw crayfish of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

1) Get 296g of bait powder, 253g of methyl farnesoid, 102g of schizochytrium powder, 98g of Porphyridium spp. powder, 77g of serotonin creatinine sulfate and 78g of alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

Wherein, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to a weight ratio of 1:1, and the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is: at 3°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride 150g and deionized water 1000g, mix alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add to deionized water, stir, mix well; add 300g sodium hydroxide, react at 30°C for 8h; cool to 3°C, add 240 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 37%, acidify for 50 minutes, precipitate out, filter with suction, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

2) Take 96 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 130 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive.

Comparative example one

A preparation method of a feed additive for second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish, comprising the following steps:

1) Take 300g of bait powder and 100g of linseed oil. The bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to the weight ratio of 1:1. Stir clockwise at a rotating speed for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 48g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixed material obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive, that is, control sample 1.

Comparative example two

A preparation method of a feed additive for second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish, comprising the following steps:

1) Take bait powder 300g and methyl farnesoid 250g, mix and stir to obtain the primary mixture;

Wherein, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder according to a weight ratio of 1:1;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) In the mixture obtained in step 2), add 78g of deionized water and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixed material obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive, namely control sample 2.

Comparative example three

A preparation method of a feed additive for second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish, comprising the following steps:

1) Take 300g of bait powder, 250g of methyl farnesoid and 100g of schizochytrium powder. The bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. Mix and stir to obtain the primary mixture ;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 90 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixed material obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive, namely control sample 3.

Comparative example four

A preparation method of a feed additive for second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish, comprising the following steps:

1) Take 300g of bait powder, 250g of methyl farnesoid, 100g of schizochytrium powder and 100g of Porphyridum powder, the bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1, mix, Stir to get the primary mixture;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) Add 102g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixed material obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive, namely control sample 4.

Comparative example five

A preparation method of a feed additive for second oviposition of red-clawed crayfish, comprising the following steps:

1) Get 300g of bait powder, 250g of methyl farnesoid, 100g of Schizochytrium powder, 100g of Porphyridum powder and 75g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate. 1:1 mixture, mixing, stirring, to get the primary mixture;

2) Take 100 g of linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50 r/min for 7 minutes, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture;

3) In the mixture obtained in step 2), add 111g of deionized water and stir to obtain the initial mixture;

4) Place the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 3 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r/min; obtain the mixture;

5) Put the mixed material obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry at room temperature for 15 hours, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive, namely control sample 5.

Experiment 1

Get five parts of feed additives of the embodiment of the present invention one to embodiment five gained and comparative example one to comparative example five each 1kg of comparative example one to comparative example five gained, add in the Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed of 4kg Huzhou Jinsheng Feed Co., Ltd. respectively, this The macrobrachium rosenbergii feed is a pellet feed, use No. 2 feed, and add 500g of deionized water respectively, mix well, and air-dry at room temperature to make the moisture content 5%, to obtain a compound shrimp feed, which is used for feeding respectively The first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish are fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 4% of the total weight of red claw crayfish.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed includes fish meal, soybean meal, yeast powder, vitamins and minerals, among which, crude protein content ≥ 40%, crude fiber content ≤ 5%, crude ash content ≤ 18%, crude fat content ≥ 3%, total phosphorus content ≥1%, lysine content ≥2%, moisture content ≤12%.

Take the first batch of empty shrimps and healthy male shrimps obtained from the first batch of egg-bearing shrimps of red claw crayfish, and put them into a tank with circulating water, and put 20 first batch of empty shrimps and prawns in each tank. 6 male shrimps, the body weight, health status and nutrition level of the male shrimps were basically the same, and the initial body weight of the first batch of empty shrimps was recorded; the above-mentioned compound shrimp feed was fed once every morning and evening, and the feeding amount in the morning was 1% of the total weight of the red crayfish, and the feeding amount in the evening is 3% of the total weight of the red crayfish; during the period, the same concealment (9 plastic tubes/slot) is used to ensure the dissolved oxygen, temperature and water quality of the cultivation environment The condition is good and consistent. Suck the dirt every day, breed for 30 days, test the female shrimps in each group and take samples, record the final body weight of the female shrimps, that is, the final body weight of the shrimps, record the number of egg-bearing shrimps, and then dissect all the female shrimps and separate the liver For pancreas and ovary, the weight of shrimp hepatopancreas and shrimp ovary were recorded, and the weight growth rate, liver-to-body ratio, ovary maturation coefficient and oviposition rate of female shrimp were calculated. The experimental results are listed in Table 1.

Among them, the calculation formula of body weight growth rate is (shrimp final body weight-initial body weight)/initial body weight×100%, the calculation formula of liver-body ratio is (shrimp hepatopancreas weight/shrimp final body weight)×100%, ovary maturation coefficient The calculation formula is (shrimp ovary weight/shrimp final body weight)×100%, and the calculation formula of oviposition rate is the number of oviposited shrimps/total number of female shrimps×100%.

Table 1 Effect of different compound shrimp feeds on the first batch of empty shrimp culture

Compound Shrimp Feed Weight growth rate (%) Liver body ratio (%) Ovarian Maturation Coefficient (%) Fertility rate (%) Embodiment one 10.40±7.07 ^a 5.04±0.98 ^a 2.02±0.61 ^a 53.33± ^5.77b Embodiment two 11.50±3.90 ^a 5.14±0.56 ^a 2.07±0.52 ^a 56.67± ^10.41b Embodiment three 10.75±4.46 ^a 5.22±0.65 ^a 2.11±0.46 ^a 55.00± ^5.00b Embodiment four 11.07±7.90 ^a 5.26±0.66 ^a 2.38±0.69 ^a 58.33± ^12.58ab Embodiment five 10.48± ^3.87a 5.25±0.54 ^a 2.43±0.59 ^a 66.67±2.89 ^a control sample one 9.14± ^3.90a 5.35± ^0.27a 1.24± ^0.61b 38.33± ^2.89c control sample two 9.60±2.53 ^a 5.23±0.76 ^a 1.44± ^0.34b 39.01± ^7.64c Control sample three 10.28± ^5.20a 5.04±0.23 ^a 1.43± ^0.30b 42.67± ^7.64c Control sample four 10.65±7.95 ^a 5.28±0.62 ^a 1.53± ^0.33b 41.45± ^2.89c Control sample five 10.29± ^7.47a 5.29±0.55 ^a 1.55± ^0.49b 43.33± ^2.89c

Remarks: The same letter on the same column indicates no significant difference (P>0.05), and different letters on the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

As can be seen from Table 1, when the compound shrimp feed obtained by the feed additive for the secondary oviposition of the red crayfish of the present invention feeds the first batch of empty shrimps of the red crayfish, the second batch of the second batch of crayfish oviposition of the gained The growth rate of body weight of shrimp is about 11%, and the weight growth rate of the second batch of egg-bearing shrimps gained from the compound shrimp feed obtained from control sample 1 to control sample 5 is about 10%. There was no significant difference among them. In addition, when the compound shrimp feed obtained by the feed additive for the second oviposition of the red crayfish of the present invention is used to feed the first batch of empty shrimps of the red crayfish, the liver-to-body ratio of the second batch of ovipositing shrimps of the obtained red crayfish is Both are about 5.2%. The compound shrimp feed obtained from control sample 1 to control sample 5 has a liver-to-body ratio of about 5.2%. Significant difference. However, when the compound shrimp feed obtained by the feed additive for the second ovulation of the red crayfish of the present invention is used to feed the first batch of empty shrimps of the red crayfish, the ovary maturation coefficient of the second batch of crayfish crayfish of the gained All between 2.02-2.43%, the compound shrimp feed obtained from the control sample 1 to the control sample 5 has an ovary maturation coefficient of the second batch of egg-bearing shrimps obtained by feeding the red-clawed crayfish in the first batch of empty shrimps. There is a significant difference between them; this shows that the compound shrimp feed obtained by feeding the red crayfish secondary oviposition feed additive of the present invention can promote the rapid maturation of the ovaries of the first batch of empty crayfish prawns. Simultaneously, when the compound shrimp feed obtained by the feed additive for the second ovulation of the red crayfish of the present invention is fed to the first batch of empty prawns of the red crayfish, the ovulation rate of the second batch of the second batch of crayfish crayfish of the obtained ovulation rate is even. Between 53.33-66.67%, the ovulation rate of the second batch of egg-bearing shrimps obtained by feeding the compound shrimp feed obtained from control sample 1 to control sample 5 is less than 45%. Significant difference; This illustrates that the compound shrimp feed obtained by feeding the red crayfish secondary ovulation feed additive of the present invention helps the red crayfish first batch of empty shrimps to ovulate again.

Therefore, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the feed additive of the present invention is based on the bait powder and methyl farnesoid that clariworm powder and squid viscera powder are composed of, and clariworm powder contains a large amount of unsaturated Fatty acid, methyl farnesoid is a sesquiterpene-like hormone, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in many physiological processes of crustaceans, lugworm powder and methyl farnesoid and 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate organic Compound and synergistic effect can quickly improve the gonad development of empty shrimp; some sex hormones or sterols contained in squid viscera powder, taurine and alanine hydroxamic acid in squid viscera powder, Schizochytrium powder and The organic matching of Porphyridium powder can effectively induce the production and accumulation of yolk substances, enhance the nutrient penetration in cells, improve the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promote nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, the feed additives are enriched. The nutritional structure promotes the interaction between the various components and improves the stability of the feed additive; this feed additive can also promote the bait-seeking and bait-taking behavior of the red-clawed crayfish to a large extent, and improve the stability of the compound shrimp feed. The palatability and utilization rate can significantly promote the gonad development of the red crayfish empty shrimp, accelerate the gonad maturation, make the ovary of the red crayfish empty shrimp quickly mature in a short time, and improve the quality of the oviparous shrimp obtained from it. Oviposition rate, thereby increasing the supply of shrimp fry.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A feed additive for second ovulation of red-clawed crayfish, characterized in that it comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Feed powder 29.5-30.5%, Methyl farnesoid 24.5-25.5%, Schizochytrium powder 9.5-10.5%, Porphyridum powder 9.5-10.5%, 5-HT creatinine sulfate 7-8%, flaxseed Oil 9.5-10.5%, alanine hydroxamic acid 7-8%; The bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5. 2. according to claim 1, the feed additive for second ovulation of red crayfish crayfish is characterized in that, the preparation method of described alanine hydroxamic acid is: At 0-5°C, take alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water, mix alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and add to deionized water, the usage amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride It is 50% of the quality of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the usage amount of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 30% of the weight of deionized water. Stir and mix evenly; add sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and alanine The mass ratio of methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, react at 20-40°C for 3-12h; cool to 0-5°C, add concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38%, the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid It is 80% of the mass of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, acidified for 30-60 minutes, precipitated, filtered with suction, and dried at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid. 3. according to claim 1, the feed additive for the secondary ovulation of red crayfish is characterized in that: The bait powder is a mixture of clamworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. 4. a preparation method according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the following steps: 1) Take bait powder, methyl farnesoid, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid, mix and stir to obtain the primary mixture; 2) Take linseed oil, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir, and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; 3) In the mixture obtained in step 2), add deionized water, the amount of deionized water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stir to obtain the primary mixture; 4) Put the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a mixer, and stir for 2-4min at a stirring speed of 100-200r/min; obtain the mixture; 5) Put the mixture obtained in step 4) into a grinder, extrude, dry, and pulverize to obtain a feed additive. 5. the preparation method of the feed additive for the secondary oviposition of red crayfish according to claim 4, is characterized in that: In the step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60r/min, and the stirring time is 5-10min. 6. the preparation method of the feed additive for the secondary oviposition of red crayfish according to claim 4, is characterized in that: In the step 5), the drying is carried out at room temperature, and the drying time is 10-20h. 7. the preparation method of the feed additive for the second ovulation of red claw crayfish according to claim 6, is characterized in that: In the step 5), the water content of the feed additive is 6-8%. 8. the preparation method of the feed additive for the second ovulation of red claw crayfish according to claim 4, is characterized in that: In the step 5), the particle size of the feed additive is 0.1-0.2 mm. 9. according to the application of the feed additive for the second oviposition of red crawfish according to any one of claims 1-4, it is characterized in that: The feed additive is added to the shrimp feed, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the shrimp feed is 20-40%, so as to obtain a compound shrimp feed, and the compound shrimp feed is used for feeding the first batch of red-clawed crayfish. Empty shrimp. 10. the application of the feed additive for the secondary ovulation of red crayfish according to claim 9, is characterized in that: The compound shrimp feed is fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the red-clawed crayfish.