CN116530134A - Interference detection and handling - Google Patents
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Abstract
A device for operating in a wireless communication system is configured to perform communication in the wireless communication system and schedule communication of the device according to a communication configuration obtained from a base station of the wireless communication system; using information indicative of a set of reference signals [ some or all ] used in the wireless communication system; and determining an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system for each of the set of reference signals by measuring to obtain an amount of interference perceived by the pointing device through a reference signal of the set of reference signals; and generates a measurement report based on the measurement result and reports the measurement report to the wireless communication system.
Description
Description
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for handling interference. The invention relates in particular to handling inter-cell interference and cross-link interference.
Interference handling between victims and aggressors
In this disclosure, a victim is sometimes referred to, which refers to a device operating in a disturbed wireless communication network or system, i.e. a disturbed device. Furthermore, the disclosure sometimes relates to aggressors or interferers, i.e. victim interferers, i.e. interfering devices.
Hereinafter, some cellular radio principles are briefly described.
Given that a fixed amount of radio spectrum can be used to predict a service, such as enhanced mobile broadband and personal communication services, system designers must balance the two clearly contradictory requirements of area coverage and system capacity. Not only do cellular schemes address these limitations, but they have achieved widespread and highly developed commercial success, which uses the principles of frequency reuse. In a cellular network, each cell has its own relatively low power base station transmitter and is assigned a radio channel so that at a distance from the cell, the same radio channel can be reassigned to another cell. On the other hand, neighboring cells that are not separated in distance are allocated different radio channels. While the advantages of frequency reuse should now be clear, there are disadvantages as well. Since the total available spectrum is divided into smaller radio channels that are reused, the available bandwidth within any single cell is reduced, as is its capacity and throughput.
Frequency reuse scheme
The design and development of cellular radio communication networks depends to a large extent on whether their performance is limited by noise (typically due to thermal effects of active and passive electronic components) or by interference generated by other devices operating in the network.
In order to improve spectral efficiency and signal quality, a frequency reuse scheme is proposed. Different schemes provide different trade-offs between resource utilization and quality of service (QoS). The classical reuse-3 (n=3) scheme proposed for the GSM system provides protection against inter-cell interference. However, only one third of the spectrum resources are used in each cell. In the multiplex-1 scheme, all resources are used for each cell (n=1), and interference at the cell edge may be critical [2]. The N >1 case used in 2G networks (such as GSM or AMPS) is better because co-channel interferers are physically far from each other due to the frequency reuse distance. For a network with n=1, the situation is worst since each cell is an interferer. "Pilot pollution" (or "no leader server") describes one such scenario: there is a negligible difference in the power received from many different cells at a given location. Thus, the composite signal level is high, but the SINR from any single cell is poor because the total interference is high. The result is poor RF performance even at higher overall signal levels [2].
Identifying under which regime the network operates is the design core for the system, medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer processes. For example, while interference limited networks may benefit from advanced techniques such as inter-cell interference coordination, coordinated beamforming, and dynamic orthogonalization, these techniques have little value in networks where thermal noise is dominant rather than interference [1].
Cell edge performance
Vehicles traveling at high speeds may experience worse cell edge SINR due to the "handoff drag effect". Essentially, this is due to the fact that fast moving UEs (user equipments) cannot always be served by the best server, since the handover is not triggered until the UE moves past the cell border and there is a period of time elapsing [2] when the handover is completed. Similar effects can be experienced in satellite based systems, such as those considered in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), which are currently under investigation in 3gpp 5g standardization.
A common problem near the cell edge is that the SINR from the best server is already poor, while the SINR values from the second and third best servers are worse. The 3GPP simulations generally only show SINR distribution from the best server. However, in practice, the UE must also work with the second or third best server, so the practice is less favourable [2].
Spread spectrum systems (e.g., CDMA or UMTS) can operate at SINR values that are largely negative because the processing gain is large, especially for low data rates; soft handoff is also useful. But the LTE interface cannot operate under the same negative SINR conditions and does not support soft handover. These cell edge challenges are addressed by inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC). In essence, ICIC reduces co-channel interference experienced by cell edge users from directly neighboring cells by increasing the cell edge SINR value [2].
In OFDMA-based systems such as LTE and NR, a Resource Element (RE) is a minimum unit consisting of 1 symbol×1 subcarrier. The Resource Element Group (REG) is a group consisting of four (4) consecutive resource elements (the resource elements of the reference signal are not included in the REG). A Control Channel Element (CCE) is a group of nine (9) consecutive REGs. The aggregation level describes a set of "L" CCEs, where L may be 1, 2, 4, or 8.
The scheduler is a functional entity of the cellular network that can be used to implement CCE based power boosting in the power domain. The CCE aggregation level may be 1, 2, 4 or 8 (CCE-1, CCE-2, CCE-4 or CCE-8), with higher aggregation levels being more robust. However, a high aggregation level may also use more PDCCH resources. Thus, a cellular center user will use either CCE-1 or CCE-2; users located in the middle of the cell will use CCE-2 or CCE-4; cell edge users will always use CCE-8. The CCE based power boosting may increase the transmit power level on CCE-8, possibly increasing the signal level on CCE of cell-edge users [2].
CCA-based power boosting in cellular scenarios
In general, a cell can be divided into one of the following three scenarios.
In a limited coverage environment, the cells are very far apart. Such as rural and highway cells. Typically, the signal level near the cell edge is already very low, and thus the out-of-cell interference level is also very low. For environments with limited coverage, the following approximations can be made:
in this case, the signal power enhancement "S" is increased, thereby increasing the SNR because the thermal noise is constant. CCE based power boosting is effective in limited coverage environments.
In interference limited environments, the cells are closely spaced. Examples include dense suburbs, cities, or dense cities with small cells. Typically, the cell edge composite signal level is very high, but the out-of-cell interference level is also very high. Therefore, the cell edge SINR is still poor. For interference limited environments, we can approximate the following:
in this case, CCE-based power boosting is ineffective because the off-cell interference level increases as the signal power is boosted, and thus the SIR is not improved. In general, when the cell edge power level is already high, further power increases are not helpful.
This phenomenon is the so-called "cocktail party effect": in cocktail with high background noise, if everyone increases the volume, the audibility is not improved; it simply produces a higher level of background noise. Unfortunately, interference limited environments are the most helpful areas. Call drops most often occur in small cells, especially calls originating from fast moving vehicles.
In an environment between interference limited and coverage limited, the cells are neither very close nor very far apart. A typical example is a light suburban cell. As long as neither the "I" nor "n" terms are negligible in the SINR equation, increasing the signal level will help, but not as efficient as in limited coverage environments. The degree of effectiveness depends on the size of "I" and the size of "n"; the higher the ratio of I/n, the lower the efficiency and vice versa. In general, I > n, the main problem here is that the gain obtained from CCE based power boosting may not be sufficient to handle the worst case scenario [2].
Reference signals in LTE and NR
In LTE, cell Reference Signals (CRSs) are designed to be continuously broadcast and distributed in the time and frequency domains over the entire carrier bandwidth. This is done to help the UE lock on its time/frequency raster and to simplify the decoding of Downlink (DL) data. However, even in the case of no user in the cell, this requires a large number of Resource Elements (REs) to transmit CRS, wasting DL power and causing interference to neighboring cells [3].
A later development of LTE was the introduction of demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) instead of CRS for data decoding. To limit CRS broadcasting, characteristics such as extremely simple carrier and pilot breathing are proposed. The 5G NR is designed to have a ultra-simple physical layer, replacing the continuous reference signal with an on-demand reference signal:
Channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS): reference signals with main functions of CSI acquisition and beam management. The CSI-RS resources of the UE are configured by RRC information elements and may be dynamically activated/deactivated by MAC CE or DCI [3].
Demodulation reference signal (DMRS): the UE-specific and beamformed reference signals will be used for data and control demodulation. They are transmitted only on PRBs mapped with the corresponding PDSCH [3].
Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS): a new type of reference signal, called tracking reference signal, is introduced, which is used for: time and frequency tracking at the UE side; and delay spread and doppler spread estimation at the UE side. It is transmitted within the limited bandwidth for a configurable period of time, controlled by upper layer parameters [3].
Millimeter wave spectrum and frequency range 2
Millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, roughly defined as frequencies between 10 and 300GHz, is a new, promising leading-edge area for cellular wireless communications. The millimeter wave band provides a large amount of undeveloped spectrum, estimated to be 200 times wider than all current cellular operating bands. This great potential makes millimeter wave networks one of the most promising technologies for 5G and beyond 5G cellular evolution. In connection with the 3GPP standardization of New Radios (NR), two frequency ranges have been defined: FR1 from 410MHz to 7125MHz and FR2 from 24.25GHz to 52.6 GHz. In addition to these current definitions, 3GPP is researching additional millimeter wave frequency ranges: new definitions are possible. The present disclosure is applicable to all millimeter wave frequencies.
Massive MIMO with beamforming (MIMO) will be used to achieve higher network capacity and higher data throughput in these new frequency bands. However, changing radio access from cell coverage to beam coverage using these techniques represents a significant change with the 4G Radio Access Network (RAN) [4].
NR radio resource management measurements and FR2
Radio Resource Management (RRM) in NR is based on measurements of Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB) or CSI-RS, which may be reported using indicators such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) measurement requirements for NR include SSB-based measurements and CSI-RS-based measurements [5].
For SSB-based measurements, the UE will make intra-frequency and/or inter-frequency RSRP, RSRQ, and RS-SINR measurements with or without gaps. For CSI-RS based beam measurements, the UE will report the physical layer RSRP. RSRP, RSRQ and RS-SINR [5] based on CSI-RS should also be supported.
From a measurement perspective, FR2 UEs may utilize analog and/or digital beamforming receivers. In order for FR2 UEs to perform a spherical scan, a longer measurement time is required [5].
In 3GPP release 15, layer 1 (L1) RSRP is introduced as a measure of beam-related measurements, as it reflects the absolute received power on the configured reference signal. However, when multi-beam transmission and reception techniques are actually used, beam selection based on only L1-RSRP may not be sufficient [5]. It is reported that multiple spatially adjacent beams, exhibiting strong and similar RSRP, may cause strong mutual interference. Such interference information should be properly evaluated as input to beam selection [6].
In order to achieve convenient beam-level multi-user pairing, mechanisms to assess and report inter-beam interference have attracted attention. However, the UE Rx beam information is transparent in the release 15 beam reporting mechanism, where the gNB is not aware of the association between Tx beams and corresponding UE Rx beams. Release 16 workitem description thus includes the definition of L1-RSRQ and L1-SINR for beam measurement and reporting in its scope [6].
From this prior art, there is a need to provide robust communications in a wireless communication system.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to allow an efficient mechanism to mitigate interference in a wireless communication network.
This object is achieved by the subject matter defined in the independent claims.
The inventors have found that in order to efficiently handle interference, knowledge about the source of the interference is beneficial because it allows to mitigate the interference, especially in integrated access and backhaul IAB networks. The inventors have found that by specifically addressing interference caused by communications between devices at locations of other devices not engaged in communications, communications of these other devices may remain undisturbed or may be disturbed at a low level, thereby avoiding degradation and loss of communication quality, throughput, etc. at these other devices. The inventors have found that this consideration is particularly effective for devices capable of performing beamforming techniques by controlling the side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern.
Embodiments of the invention are defined in the independent claims. Advantageous modifications of the embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
Embodiments relate to methods for operating devices described herein, methods for operating a network, and computer program products.
Some aspects herein relate to determining details about interference occurring or likely in a network using, for example, by measurement. Aspects of the invention may implement or incorporate aspects based on the transmitter avoiding interference to another entity and/or based on adapting a filter for reception to direct low sensitivity to an interferer (also referred to herein as an aggressor) by using a spatial receive filter.
According to an embodiment of this aspect, a device configured for operation in a wireless communication network is configured for forming an antenna radiation pattern for communication with a communication partner. The antenna radiation pattern includes a main lobe and side lobes. The device is configured to control the path of the main lobe towards the communication partner and to control the side lobes to address interference at the location of the other device. This allows communication with the communication partner to be maintained while solving interference at the other device, thereby avoiding interference at its location.
According to an embodiment, a device configured for operation in a wireless communication network is configured for forming an antenna radiation pattern for communication with a communication partner. This device may be interfered or disturbed by another device and may be configured to determine a measure of interference associated with another device that is not in communication with the device. The device may be configured to report the reception of power and/or interference from the other device to the other device or to a member of the communication network in which the other device operates. This allows providing a source of information at the interfering device to enable the interfering device to reduce the interference caused by it at the location of the interfered device.
According to an embodiment, a wireless communication network comprises at least one interfering device configured to resolve interference by controlling side lobes of its antenna radiation pattern, and comprises at least one interfering device configured to report received interference. Such a network may constitute a classical communication network in which the interfering device and the interfered device are jointly served, e.g. in a common cell of a wireless communication network operated by an operator or in different cells of the network. However, the described embodiments are not limited thereto, but also refer to wireless communication networks formed by individual networks or parts thereof, e.g. cells operated by different operators or networks operating according to different standards.
From another aspect, high reliability wireless communication is required. These aspects relate to collecting data, information and/or measurement data for a wireless communication network that allows conditions in the network to be predicted, for example, for past retrieval, for example, for current determination and/or for the future, for example, where a portion is interference occurrence.
It is therefore also an object of these aspects of the invention to provide reliable communication.
A first insight of the present invention is that in a scenario where bi-directional communication is allowed, a device measures radio link parameters and by generating a measurement report from the obtained results, and by transmitting the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network, the wireless communication network can be provided with detailed knowledge about the effects that occur on the wireless communication, allowing it to determine the root cause of the reduced communication. Thus, high reliability of wireless communication can be obtained.
According to a first recognized embodiment, a device configured to operate in a bi-directional wireless communication network in a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode during a first time interval and in a second mode of operation in which the device performs at most passive communication during a different second time interval is implemented such that in the first mode of operation the device is configured to obtain a set of measurements comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters of the wireless communication network. The apparatus is configured to generate a measurement report comprising a set of results having at least one of the set of measurements and to send the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network. This allows to obtain measurements obtained when the device is in connected mode, and thus measurements can be obtained during communication/transmission performed with the device.
A second insight of the present invention is that the log or stored number of measurement results facilitates evaluating links in the wireless communication network operated by the device itself and/or by generating measurement reports to include information about at least one instance of measurement results obtained prior to a link degradation event that resulted in degradation of the wireless link, wherein the measurement reports are sent after the link degradation event. That is, the radio link parameters are related to the device's own link and/or refer to the time before the link degradation event, or are allowed all the way thereafter. The link degradation event may be any event that results in a degradation of link quality and/or even a failure of a link. This event may be related to the radio link itself, e.g. the device moving out of coverage or being temporarily blocked, or the battery being exhausted, etc., but may also have external effects, e.g. a storm displacing and/or breaking the antenna, a newly built building, etc.
According to an embodiment, according to a second insight, a device configured for operation in at least a first mode of operation in a two-way wireless communication network, in which first mode of operation the device is in a connected mode, is configured for transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals and obtaining a plurality of measurements, the obtaining of the measurements comprising measuring or determining radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network. The device is configured to generate a log to include information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information related to the plurality of measurements. The device is configured to generate a measurement report from the log and to send the measurement report to at least one entity of the wireless communication network. The radio link parameters are associated with a link on which the device operates and/or the device is configured to generate a measurement report so as to include information about at least one instance of a measurement result obtained prior to a link degradation event that causes degradation of the wireless link and to send the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network after the link degradation event. This allows the device to monitor its own links and/or report measurements, which may allow or support the network to retrospectively determine information about link degradation events, providing information that may be used in the learning process of future events.
Further embodiments of this aspect relate to devices that configure, instruct, or request the devices to perform measurements, allowing measurement results to be generated and obtained on demand.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows an example of an idealized antenna radiation pattern drawn using a vertical axis having azimuth in degrees at the abscissa and directivity at the ordinate;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the antenna radiation pattern of FIG. 1 plotted using a polar coordinate system;
fig. 3a shows a schematic top view of at least a part of a network according to an embodiment, wherein an interfering device according to an embodiment is operating;
fig. 3b shows a schematic block diagram of a part of the wireless communication network according to fig. 3a, wherein the interfering device has adjusted its antenna radiation pattern according to the transmission power of the side lobes;
fig. 3c shows a schematic block diagram of a part of the network according to fig. 3a, wherein the interfering device controls the direction of the side lobes to point in different directions;
FIG. 3d shows a schematic block diagram of the scenario of FIG. 3a, wherein the interfering device controls the power/sensitivity and direction of the side lobes;
fig. 4a shows a schematic block diagram of an interfering device according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4b shows a schematic block diagram of the interaction between a victim device and a jammer;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to a first recognized embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a second recognized apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a device configured to operate in a wireless communication network to instruct other devices to make measurements;
fig. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network according to an embodiment;
fig. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network having at least three devices according to an embodiment;
fig. 10 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network in which a device operating as a gNB maintains a link with two different devices each adapted as a UE;
FIG. 11 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network having at least four devices maintaining wireless or radio links, according to an embodiment;
fig. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network including a number of at least two, at least three, or at least four UEs according to an embodiment;
fig. 13 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network in which both a base station and a UE operate as measurement and recording/reporting devices, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 14 shows a schematic flow chart of a method of operating a device according to a first recognition;
FIG. 15 shows a schematic flow chart of a method of operating a device according to a second recognition;
fig. 16 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for operating a device in a wireless communication network (e.g., the device of fig. C);
fig. 17 shows a schematic illustration of a known network;
fig. 18a/b shows a schematic representation of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment to illustrate the case of inter-cell interference;
fig. 19 shows a schematic representation of the wireless communication system of fig. 18 in which cross-link interference occurs;
FIG. 20 shows a schematic block diagram of CLI occurring in an asynchronous network, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 21 shows a schematic block diagram of an IAB network according to an embodiment;
FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an extension of the IAB network of FIG. 21, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 23 shows a schematic representation of different situations of interference in an IAB network handled by an embodiment;
fig. 24a-d show schematic block diagrams of arrangements of devices for wireless communication according to embodiments to illustrate so-called hidden terminal problems;
fig. 25 shows a schematic block diagram of an arrangement of devices for wireless communication according to an embodiment to illustrate a so-called exposed terminal problem;
FIG. 26 shows a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment and provides a high level overview of an enhanced procedure for CLI interference management;
FIG. 27a shows a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment and describes a more detailed two-step CLI mitigation method;
fig. 27b shows a schematic table indicating possible intervals for reporting detected interference according to an embodiment;
fig. 27c shows a different possible configuration 2702 of an example TDD time slot 1 To 2702 N Is a schematic representation of (a);
fig. 28 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment to implement the solution described herein;
29a-b show schematic representations of embodiments incorporating self-interference correlation; and
fig. 30a/b shows a schematic diagram in connection with an embodiment related to self-interference.
In the following description, the same or equivalent elements or elements having the same or equivalent functions are denoted by the same or equivalent reference numerals even though they appear in different drawings.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, features of different embodiments described below may be combined with each other unless specifically indicated.
Embodiments described herein relate to antenna radiation patterns or beam patterns formed by devices. Such an antenna radiation pattern may be a transmission radiation pattern and/or a reception radiation pattern, i.e. a spatial pattern or a preferred direction for transmission and/or reception of signals. Such an antenna radiation pattern may comprise a main lobe (optionally an additional main lobe) and one or more side lobes. Between two adjacent lobes, a so-called zero point may be provided. As described in connection with the millimeter wave spectrum, the use of millimeter wave frequencies creates a paradigm shift for cellular radio networks, as the coverage principle may shift from the principle of cell coverage to the principle of beam coverage. Although 3G PP NR defines the beam management procedure and beam correspondence requirements [7], embodiments relate to beam portions of an antenna radiation pattern.
Some embodiments described herein relate to time slots. However, a slot is an illustrative example of a radio resource, alternatively or additionally comprising the same resource blocks and/or subcarriers and slots/symbols. That is, as resources, embodiments may incorporate one or more of at least one frequency bandwidth portion (BWP), at least one resource block, at least one subcarrier, and/or at least one time domain slot/symbol. Thus, the embodiments described herein relating to time slots are not limited to time slots, but may refer to other types of radio resources without limitation.
Directivity of antenna
Directivity of an antenna is a measure of the ability of an antenna to concentrate or direct electromagnetic energy in a preferred or given direction as compared to energy emitted by the antenna in all other directions. Due to reciprocity, antenna directivity is the same for both transmission and reception. Generally, all practical antennas have directivity greater than unity. Although the directivity of a single antenna can be influenced by careful design, in order to achieve higher directivity and control the direction in which the maximum energy is directed, a plurality of antenna elements are typically arranged in such a way as to form an antenna array. Now, while the mechanical positions of the elements are typically fixed, their electrical excitations may be arranged to change the characteristics of the radiation pattern of the antenna array. Using this approach, among other things, control can be: electrical scan angle (direction in which the main lobe or "beam" is pointing); total level of side lobes relative to main lobe; the level and position of the side lobes; and the depth and location of the nulls (between the main and side lobes and between the side lobes). Examples of two-dimensional antenna radiation produced by an idealized phased array antenna are shown in figures 1 and 2 using orthogonal and polar axes, respectively.
That is, fig. 1 shows an example of an idealized antenna radiation pattern 10 drawn using a right or vertical axis, as in a cartesian coordinate system, with the abscissa being the azimuth in degrees and the ordinate being the directivity. The main lobe 12, which may also be referred to as the (main) beam, is shown as 30 degrees in azimuth. The antenna radiation pattern may include one or more side lobes 14 1 To 14 i Wherein a zero 16 can be arranged between two adjacent side lobes 1 To 16 j . A null may be understood as a direction that transmits (receives or transmits) less power than an adjacent lobe. The reduction in power transmission may be, for example, at least 6dB, at least 10dB, etc. The phase profile may be used to steer the beam or main lobe 12 in a desired direction, for example, using a uniform power profile. The sidelobe levels may be irregular.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna radiation pattern 10 plotted using a polar coordinate system.
Forming the antenna radiation pattern in connection with the embodiments described herein may involve static antenna radiation patterns, but may also involve dynamic, i.e., swept antenna radiation patterns. A swept beam pattern or antenna radiation pattern may be understood as a constant or varying pattern that is moving in space or frequency, e.g. rotated or laterally offset. Such a sweep may allow for adjusting the direction of lobes and/or nulls of the antenna radiation pattern.
The directions described in connection with the present embodiment do not limit the scope of the embodiment to the narrow sense of the direction, i.e., a single factor. The term direction is understood to also include a set of main angle components that contribute significantly to the received or transmitted signal at the location/position, area/zone or volume of the communication partner. This may be equivalent to a complex 3D receive antenna radiation pattern that collects and weights the different incoming multipath components into an effective receive antenna input signal. Thus, the direction is not limited to one line, but may cover a collection of signals from directions collected by its reception pattern. The transmission strategy may select a transmission beam pattern that provides good signal power transmission from the transmitter to the target receiving/communication partner.
The devices described herein that may perform beamforming may include an antenna arrangement having one or more antenna panels, where each antenna panel may include one or more antennas. That is, each antenna panel includes an arrangement of one or more radiation/receive antennas such that the panel or sub-panels thereof are capable of performing coherent beamforming. That is, in order to perform beamforming, the number of antennas grouped to the antenna panels, the number of antenna panels, and thus the total number of antennas may be arbitrary.
Mode control
In the context of the foregoing discussion, and in order to form an optimal link between devices (e.g., base station and user equipment), beam management may be used to ensure that the beam of each device is properly directed. However, known beam management does not take into account the impact of interference on other users. In other words, for example, when a base station antenna beam is pointing in a given direction, i.e., to a device with which it should establish or maintain a connection, the associated side lobes and nulls of the pattern will arbitrarily follow the beam. Although the power levels of the side lobes are typically lower than the power levels of the beams, they can still transmit enough power to another device to which the base station is not connected, thereby causing the device to be interfered with. In some cases, the power level of the interferer may even exceed the power level of the serving beam.
In other applications of phased array antenna systems, the pattern null is created in such a way that the effect of a so-called jammer (a radar intended for the victim or a strong electromagnetic radiation source of the communication system) can be spatially reduced by the adaptation of the (victim) antenna pattern.
Thus, embodiments generally relate to the control of the radiation pattern characteristics of an antenna, and not just to the main lobe or beam of the pattern. By controlling, adjusting and adapting the level and position of side lobes and zeros in the transmission, the interference level to other users can be reduced. Similarly, in reception, mode control, mode adjustment, and mode adaptation may be used to reduce interference levels from other users. Thus, the embodiments described herein are applicable to both transmission and reception.
The antenna array may allow generating a transmit radiation pattern and/or a receive radiation pattern. For example, a receive pattern may be used in conjunction with receiving or sensing signals. The array of sensor elements may provide a means to overcome the directivity limitations associated with a single sensor (antenna), providing a higher gain and a narrower beamwidth than experienced by a single element. Furthermore, the array is able to control its response according to changing conditions of the signal environment, such as direction of arrival, polarization, power level and frequency [8].
The array is made up of, or may include, two or more sensors, where the signals are coherently combined in a manner that improves antenna performance. The array used in an embodiment may have the following advantages over a single sensor:
1. higher gain. The gain is higher because the array gain is on the order of the number of elements in the array. A larger aperture size results in a higher resolution or narrower main beam.
2. And E, scanning an electron beam. It is slow to physically or mechanically move a large antenna to steer the main beam. An array with phase shifters at each element is able to steer the beam without mechanical motion because the signals are phase added at the beam steering angle.
3. Low sidelobes. If the desired signal enters the main beam and the interfering signal enters the side lobes, then lowering the side lobes relative to the main beam may increase the signal to interference ratio.
4. A plurality of beams. Some array feeds allow multiple main beams to be simultaneously.
5. And (5) self-adapting to zero points. The adaptive array automatically moves the zero point in the signal direction over the sidelobe region.
In addition to the reception advantages described above, the array provides considerable benefits when used for transmission purposes.
Whether the array is used for transmission or reception purposes, it is often desirable to provide a method to control the antenna radiation pattern of the array for the following reasons: directing one or more beams in a given direction; controlling the direction and relative level of the side lobe; and/or control the location and relative depth of the zero points.
Examples of controlling the antenna radiation pattern may be described in connection with phased antenna arrays. The examples provided relate to measures to be implemented at or between antennas of an antenna array.
Notably, the term phased array antenna is a objection to a scanned beam array antenna based on the fact that the non-scanned array antenna is still in fact a phased array antenna, as its operation depends on the relative phase between the elements. Despite this discussion, terminology related to beam steering will be used to phased so as to follow historical development [8]. The term beamformer will also be used whether only a single beam is created or multiple beams are created.
A phased array is typically composed of several antenna elements arranged in two or three dimensions. The positions of the elements relative to each other are typically fixed-in other words, they do not move in their own array space. However, this does not necessarily exclude phased array systems from portable and mobile applications. The elements of the array may be geometrically arranged in a regular or irregular manner, either linearly, planar or conformal. Combinations of the above categories are also possible.
In the case of an all-digital beamforming system, the antenna elements may be individually connected to their own transmitter or receiver or transceiver circuitry. Alternatively, in an analog beamforming system, more than one antenna element may be connected to a common radio circuit by a series or co-fed network. The number of elements per radio is determined by the system requirements and design constraints. So-called hybrid beamforming systems combine both digital and analog implementations.
Almost whatever method is used to implement a beamformer-digital, analog, or hybrid-is the actuation of its elements that determines certain radiation characteristics of the array. In order to control these characteristics, such as the direction in which the beam is directed, the phase of the individual element excitation must be appropriately configured. Similarly, the sidelobe levels, as discussed below, may be controlled by an amplitude taper.
Implementation of phase shift
Having explained the reasons for controlling the phase excitation of the array antenna elements, this section outlines four example methods that may be used to achieve the desired phase shift.
Changing frequency
The phase shift by varying the frequency or frequency sweep is achieved by series feeding the array antenna elements such that the elements are positioned equidistant along the feed line. By varying the frequency, a varying linear phase taper is created across the array antenna elements, as the input signal must travel a physical distance and thus an electrical length to reach the ith element of the K-element linear array antenna. If the physical length of the feed lines is chosen such that at the center frequency the phased array antenna beam is perpendicular to the array or is directed at a wide angle, changing the frequency to values below and above the center frequency will direct the beam at angles less than and greater than the wide angle [8]. However, when phased arrays are used for communication purposes, where fixed frequency channel allocation is typical, it is impractical to achieve phase shifting by changing the operating frequency.
Changing length
This type of phase shift can be applied to either series fed arrays or co-fed arrays [9]. In the former digital age, phase shifters based on changing physical lengths were realized by electromechanical means. The line expander [9] is an example of an early phase shifter. The line expander is a (coaxial) transmission line section bent into a "U" shape. The bottom of this "U" is connected to two "arms" that form part of a fixed feed network. The bottom portion of the "U" acts as a telescoping portion that can be stretched by electromechanical means to lengthen and shorten the transmission line portion without changing the position of the "arm" of the "U [8].
Currently, transmission lines of different lengths are digitally selected. The switch in each section is used to switch a transmission line of a standard length into the network or to switch a transmission line of a predetermined length added to the standard length. When these lengths are chosen, when a concatenation of standard lengths is used as a reference (phase ψ=0°), 16 phases (corresponding to 4 bits) can be chosen, ranging from ψ=0 degrees to ψ=337.5°, with a step size of 22.5 ° (least significant bit). Higher resolution can be achieved by using shorter lengths and more bits. PIN diodes for forward and reverse bias are typically used as switching elements [9, 10]. The switching phase shifter may be implemented in microstrip technology using high dielectric constant substrate materials to minimize physical phase shifter size [8].
Another way of switching the physical line length is found in cascaded hybrid coupled phase shifters. The 3dB hybrid is a four port device that equally distributes the power of input port 1 to output ports 2 and 3 and does not pass power to output port 4. The reflected returns of the signals exiting ports 2 and 3 mix and combine at output port 4 without any power returning to input port 1. The diode switch in each segment (bit) of the cascaded hybrid coupled phase shifter either returns the signal directly out of ports 2 and 3 or after passing through two additional line lengths deltal/2. For example, the four bit shifter Δl/2=λ/32 is used for the least significant bit, and the following three bits are Δl/2=λ/16, Δl/2=λ/8, and Δl/2=λ/4[8, respectively.
Changing dielectric constant
By adjusting the current flowing through the device containing the gas discharge or plasma, the dielectric constant thereof can be controlled, thereby controlling the phase shift [9]. Another way to adjust the dielectric constant of the device is to use a so-called ferroelectric material, where the dielectric constant is a function of the electric field applied across the material [8]. The dielectric constant may be adjusted between antennas of the antenna array. Although one method may be to apply the technique in a device that performs the function of changing the phase of a signal associated with an element of an antenna array, according to another method it may be applied to a structure forming an antenna element and/or a portion of an antenna element array to achieve phase shifting by changing the dielectric constant using a structure, material or arrangement. These two methods may be combined with each other.
Changing permeability
Ferromagnetic material, or ferrite, refers to a material whose permeability changes with the change in an externally applied magnetic field in which the material is located. Ferrite-based phase shifters have been used for a long time, especially in combination with waveguide transmission line technology. In the case of a regia-specer phase shifter [9] (consisting of a rod of ferromagnetic material centered in the waveguide, with a solenoid wrapped around the waveguide), the phase can be continuously varied, making the phase shifter analog in nature. On the other hand, the function of the solenoid may be performed by a current line through the ferromagnetic rod. By cascading ferromagnetic rods of different lengths, different (discrete) phase shifts can be achieved, making such phase shifters digital in nature [8]. The permeability may be adjusted between antennas of the antenna array. While one method may be to apply a phase shift to change the phase of a signal associated with an element of an antenna array, as described in connection with a change in magnetic permeability, according to another method, the phase shift may be applied to a structure forming part of an antenna element and/or a part of an antenna element array by changing the magnetic permeability in the structure and/or between components thereof (e.g., between antenna elements and/or antenna element arrays). These two methods may be combined with each other. Furthermore, changing the permittivity may be combined with changing the permeability in order to obtain at least a part of the phase shift.
As previously mentioned, amplitude taper may also be used, for example, for control sidelobes.
The intensity or amplitude of the element excitation, also referred to as the element weight, controls the directivity and sidelobe levels of the array factor. Examples of amplitude tapers include binomial, dolph-Chebyshev, tseng-Cheng-Chebyshev, taylor-Woodard, hansen, bickmore-spellmie and bayisis [11]. The low sidelobe amplitude cone has a higher amplitude weight at the center of the array and the weight generally decreases from the center to the edges. In general, as cone efficiency decreases, half power beamwidth increases and sidelobe levels decrease.
Amplitude realization
Amplitude excitation adjustment of the antenna elements may be achieved by controlling the gain of the amplifier stage, which may include digital gain, intermediate Frequency (IF) gain, and Radio Frequency (RF) gain settings of the transmitter and receiver chains, depending on the implementation of the system. Active signal amplification may also be implemented in the frequency conversion stage, where appropriate, by controlling the drive level of a local oscillator device connected to the mixer device, for example. In addition to the active devices described above that introduce signal amplification, passive devices may also be used that attenuate the signal rather than amplify it due to their nature. Examples of such devices include power splitters or splitters, coupled lines or couplers, transformers, impedance converters, resistive networks, and parasitic elements.
Embodiments described herein relate to devices that interfere with other devices while communicating and that address interference caused by them by controlling their antenna radiation patterns. For better understanding, such devices may be referred to as interferers or aggressors. Embodiments also relate to devices that detect that they are being disturbed or disturbed by other devices that they may (at least presently) not maintain a connection or data exchange. These devices may be referred to as victim devices or victim.
Fig. 3a shows a schematic top view of at least a portion of a network 300 in which the device 30 operates. By way of example, the device 30 may be a base station, such as a gNB or eNB, configured for operating a cell of a wireless communication network. Alternatively, the device 30 may also be a UE operating in a cell, for example when performing p-2-p communication or when performing communication with a base station. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto, but relate to any type of device capable of performing beamforming in a manner that generates an antenna radiation pattern comprising a main lobe and at least one side lobe. The zero 16 may be arranged between two adjacent lobes. The antenna radiation pattern 10 may be a transmit radiation pattern or a receive radiation pattern, i.e. a pattern in which a preferred receive direction is defined.
By way of non-limiting example, the device 30 will be described in connection with generating an antenna radiation pattern 10 as the pattern to be used for transmitting signals. The description provided may be transferred without limitation to sensitivity in a Receive (RX) pattern that also allows for energy exchange in one or more preferred directions (of the lobes) while allowing for reduced amounts in other directions (e.g., nulls).
The device 30 may be configured to communicate with the communication partner 18, e.g., the UE is identified as UE1. In connection with the example shown in fig. 3a, the device 30 may transmit a signal to the communication partner 18. To this end, the device 30 may be configured for controlling the main lobe 12 towards the path 24 to the communication partner 18 1 . That is, the main lobe 12 may be guided by the device 30 along a line of sight (LoS) path or at least one non-line of sight (nLS) path, or a combination thereof. This may allow energy to be transferred between the location of the device 30 and the location of the communication partner 18. In the described downlink scenario, energy may be transmitted from the device 30 to the location of the communication partner 18. In the case of an uplink scenario, energy may be transmitted from the location of the device 18 to the location of the device 30, the antenna arrangement 22 of the device 30, respectively.
For a better understanding, according to the described embodiment, the antenna radiation pattern 10 formed by the device 30 is implemented, adapted or generated such that the main lobe 12 points to the LoS path towards the position of the communication partner 18. Accordingly, the antenna radiation pattern 10 may be in a configuration such that one or more side lobes 14 1 And/or 14 2 Is implemented to transfer energy to other devices 26 in a transmit situation 1 And/or 26 2 The reception situation may operate accordingly. For example, device 26 1 And 26 2 Are devices within the same cell and may therefore suffer from intra-cell interference. In one example, at device 26 1 And 26 2 Is a device within a different cell or a communication network operated by a different operator (however, when co-ordinatingWhen sharing resources, which may be referred to as a public network), the device may suffer from inter-cell interference. Although side lobe 14 2 Illustrated as along LoS path 24 2 Pointing device 26 1 And side lobe 14 3 Is illustrated as along LoS path 24 3 Pointing device 26 2 Side lobe 14 2 And/or side lobes 14 3 Or may be directed along the nLOS path. Alternatively, only one or more than two side lobes may transfer energy between the location of device 30 and the location of other devices 26, thereby causing interference.
That is, fig. 3a shows an antenna pattern of a base station serving UE 1. When its main lobe or "beam" is directed to UE1, its two side lobes are unintentionally directed to UE2 and UE3, thereby creating interference. Interference may be reduced by adjusting the base station antenna pattern as shown in fig. 3b, 3c and 3 d.
Fig. 3b shows a schematic block diagram of a portion of a wireless communication network 300 in which side lobes 14 are reduced 2 And 14 3 To obtain side lobes 14 'with reduced power or sensitivity' 2 And 14' 3 Thereby reducing the device 30 and other devices 26 1 And 26 2 The amount of energy transferred between.
In other words, with side lobes 14 2 And 14 3 The reduction of the medium power can reduce the interference.
Fig. 3c shows a schematic block diagram of part of a network 300, wherein a device 30 controls side lobes 14 2 And/or 14 3 (optionally, at least a lower number of 1 or a number greater than 2) so as to be directed in different directions to obtain modified side lobes 14' 2 And/or 14' 3 . Thus, FIG. 3c provides a redirected side lobe 14 1 And 14 2 So as to obtain redirected side lobes 14 "in the antenna radiation pattern 10' 2 And 14' 3 . Alternatively or additionally, the device 30 may control the zero point 16 according to its direction 2 And/or 16 3 This also results in indirect control of the side lobes. For example, zeros are created in the direction of the change (in one example, along one direction/path, in the formerIn a time instance, the side lobes are directed along the direction/path) causes a change in the properties of the corresponding side lobes and/or other lobes. According to an example, the devices 30 may each be oriented along the direction of the device 26 1 And 26 2 Is guided by the path of zero 16 2 And/or 16 3 。
For example, the adaptive array of victim devices may be controlled to adjust the radiation pattern so as to (still) direct the main beam in the direction of the desired signal and to direct zero to the interferer. For example, the adaptive array of aggressor devices may be controlled to adjust the radiation pattern so as to (still) direct the main beam in the direction of the communication partner and to direct zero to the victim 26. While such control may also change the side lobes, such adaptation may be largely related to directing the zero point to the interferer. Thus, control sidelobes may result in control thereof, and control zeros may result in control thereof.
In other words, when the side lobes are far away from UE2 and UE3, interference can be reduced.
Fig. 3d shows a combination of the concepts of fig. 3b and 3c to obtain the redirection and power reduction side lobes 14 'of the antenna radiation pattern 10' 2 And 14'. 3 Is a schematic block diagram of a scene of (a). Both redirection and reduced power sidelobes allow less or even no energy to be transferred to device 26 1 And 26 2 And combinations may have particular advantages. At the same time, the main lobe 12 may remain unchanged or the effect of the change on the delivered energy may be small, tolerable or negligible. For example, the amount of power transferred with main lobe 12 and/or its direction may vary within a tolerance of at most 30%, at most 15%, or at most 5%. By controlling side lobes 14 1 And/or 14 2 Device 30 may be located in device 26 1 、26 2 Is used for processing the interference. In particular, the amount of interference at other devices that are not part of the communication between devices 30 and 18 may be reduced or may be kept low, allowing device 26 to 1 And/or 26 2 And thus allows high communication throughput.
That is, fig. 3d shows a combination of the concepts of fig. 3b and 3c, i.e. the side lobe levels are reduced and redirected.
Figures 3a-3d show examples of how the antenna pattern of a base station may be adjusted or adapted to control interference to other devices. Examples include sidelobe power level control, sidelobe spatial direction and combinations of both, and further measures. While these figures illustrate a simplified case in which the power of the two side lobes is reduced equally, or similar changes occur in the direction in which the two side lobes are pointing, the actual implementation may be more complex. For convenience, fig. 3a-3d show a two-dimensional representation, whereas real world systems consist of three dimensions.
Examples of pattern adjustment, pattern adaptation, or pattern control aspects that can reduce interference to other users include, but are not limited to:
● Main and/or side lobe (power) level control;
● Main lobe and/or side lobe directions in azimuth or elevation, or a combination of both; and
● Main lobe and/or side lobe polarization.
Application to networking devices
Although fig. 3a-3d only show the antenna pattern of the base station, the antenna pattern may be associated with all devices shown, UE1, UE2 and UE 3. This situation can naturally be extended to networks comprising many base stations and user equipments. It should therefore be noted that the pattern adaptation methods that have been introduced so far for base stations can also be applied to user equipment comprising means for generating spatially directed antenna radiation patterns. Briefly, embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any device having some form of beam steering.
Although FIGS. 3a-3d are directed to varying side lobes 14 in combination 1 And/or 14 2 Is described in terms of the direction of the respective solving device 26 1 、26 2 But device 30 may alternatively or additionally implement other mechanisms. For example, device 30 may control the direction of main lobe 12, thereby affecting the direction of the side lobes. Referring again to FIG. 2, the main lobe 12 is controlled to deviate from 30 degrees in a direction such as Still 1 degree, 2 degrees or 3 degrees may allow a high or sufficient energy transfer to the communication partner 18. At the same time, the direction of the side lobes may also be offset, wherein this may allow avoiding illuminating the device 26 with side lobes 1 And/or 26 2 (or other device).
Alternatively or additionally, the device 30 may be configured to pass the side lobes 14, respectively 1 、14 2 And/or by using a main lobe to affect the side lobes to the device 26 respectively 1 、26 2 To control the level of power transfer at the location of device 30 and device 26 1 And/or 26 2 A level of power transfer therebetween. For example, the level of power delivery may be controlled by controlling the transmit power or sensitivity along each lobe.
For example, device 30 is configured to take into account device 30 and device 26 1 And/or power transfer levels between devices 26 to control sidelobes to account for interference, devices may adjust along device 30 and corresponding devices 26 in a radio propagation environment 1 Or 26 2 A level of power transfer for one or more paths therebetween. The radio propagation environment may include LoS paths and non-LoS paths, where this may involve a single path or a combination thereof, e.g., a set of multipath components that together cause interference.
The specific action may be implemented by the device 30 based on the distance between the device 30 and the communication partner 18. For example, the communication partner 18 may be located as a remote device. Such a far device may be understood as a device with a distance such that the effective path loss is high, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the desired link. Another device 26 1 Or 26 2 The (victim) may be located in the opposite near device, which may lead to a received interference level at the receive antenna (RX antenna) before the RX beamformer, which may lead to an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) responding to both signals (desired and interfered), or even being dominated by a power level from the interferer, which may lead to an effective desensitization of the receiver.
Alternatively, the communication partner may be provided as a near device and/or the victim may be arranged as a far-end device.
Alternatively or additionally, the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) may be at most a target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the desired link (with reference to a selected Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level). The device 30 may be configured to reduce the interference level (at the victim) to increase the SINR, thereby increasing the link capacity between the device 30 and the communication partner 18.
Alternatively or in addition to the mechanisms described above, the device 30 may be configured to control the side lobes 14 1 And/or 14 2 And/or polarization of the main lobe 12. Alternatively or additionally, the device 30 may be configured for controlling the selection of antenna ports for forming the antenna radiation pattern 10, the selection of sub-arrays for forming the antenna array of the antenna radiation pattern 10, and/or the selection of at least one antenna panel for forming the antenna radiation pattern 10. That is, device 30 may be configured to generate an antenna radiation pattern using other antennas, antenna panels, or antenna sub-arrays that still allows the main lobe to be directed to the location of communication partner 18 while providing a location that may be more suitable for avoiding at device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Possibly different side lobe configurations of the interference at the location of (c).
Although the embodiments of fig. 3a-3d are directed to generating the antenna radiation pattern 10 and then adjusting the side lobes while maintaining the main lobe, other embodiments may avoid first at the device 26 by generating the antenna radiation patterns 10', 10' or 10 "from the beginning 1 And/or 26 2 Is generated at the location of (a). For example, device 30 may have information about device 26 1 And/or 26 2 And/or knowledge of the requirements and these requirements may be taken into account when selecting the antenna radiation pattern to be applied. That is, device 30 may generate an antenna radiation pattern that initially addresses interference at non-communication devices (relative to device 30).
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for selecting an antenna radiation pattern 10' from a plurality of possible antenna radiation patterns. The possible antenna radiation patterns can be understood as a set of formable or creatable antenna radiation patterns, which can be taken from the examplesSuch as a set of prepared or preselected antenna radiation patterns obtained from a codebook. The device may be configured to generate a selected antenna radiation pattern and adapt the generated radiation pattern to reduce the devices 30 and 26 compared to the selected antenna radiation pattern 1 Or 26 2 Interference between them. Such a scenario is shown in figures 3a-3 d. For example, the device may select the most available or most appropriate antenna radiation pattern to communicate with the communication partner 18. Alternatively, the device 30 may select an antenna radiation pattern from a plurality of possible antenna radiation patterns to cause interference between the device and another device to be below a predefined interference threshold. The predefined interference threshold may be an absolute value of an interference level, e.g. a value related to a specific power or the like, or may be a relative value, e.g. a minimum interference level among available or suitable radiation patterns for communication with the communication partner 18. The minimum value may include a tolerance range and/or a weighted value to optimize power transfer to the intended communication partner 18 and to the victim 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is reduced. That is, device 30 may select an antenna radiation pattern from a plurality of possible antenna radiation patterns, resulting in devices 30 and 26 1 And/or 26 2 Minimal interference between the device 30 and the communication partner 18 while providing energy transmission above a predefined transmission threshold or maximum energy transmission between the device 30 and the communication partner 18.
When referring again to fig. 3a-3d, the victim 26 can be achieved by controlling at least one of the load direction, the power transfer level, the polarization, and the selection of the antenna ports 1 And/or 26 2 Processing of interference at the location. When controlling the direction of the side lobes, the control parameter to be applied by the device 30 may be the implementation direction of the side lobes and/or the null direction of the antenna radiation pattern. That is, the side lobes are implicitly pointed or positioned to other locations by, for example, pointing zero to the victim's location. Alternatively or additionally, the direction of the side lobes may be actively controlled, e.g. separately from the device 26 1 、26 2 Is sufficiently far away. A sufficiently long distance can be understood as being within the device 26 1 Or 26 2 Is below the interference threshold level.
To address interference, device 30 may alternatively or additionally be configured to perform a beam scanning procedure to address interference at device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is used for processing the interference. At least a portion of the antenna radiation pattern 10 may be moved in space during beam scanning. Beam scanning is understood to mean moving the radiation pattern from side to side or back and forth so as to irradiate different positions with beams in a time-varying manner.
To handle interference, the device may alternatively or additionally be configured to implement a pattern of antenna radiation patterns in the case of blanking, puncturing, or power boost modes. Thus, the resources of puncturing, blanking, or power boosting of the antenna radiation pattern may be particularly observed at the locations of devices 261 and/or 262, at least in part, via the multipath propagation environment. Interference may thus be addressed because the punctured, blanked, or power boosted resources may form a particular pattern (e.g., a particular pattern with non-powered, low-powered, or high-powered resources) that may be associated with the identity of device 30.
Such association may be throughout the network and/or device 26 1 Or 26 2 But may be known. When unknown, the pattern may still be associated with the identity of the device 30, since at least the device 30 knows the pattern of its implementation. The implemented pattern may allow for evaluation or identification of the interferer/interference effect, thereby allowing for a reduction of the interference level. While known or predefined beam patterns allow for the association and detection/identification of sources or patterns of interference, unknown patterns may be identified and provided to the network for source identification. Alternatively or additionally, the unknown pattern may be compared to a database for source identification, or may be used for continuous further signal processing after identification, e.g. continuous interferer detection/identification.
The interference handled by the device 30 may comprise co-channel interference and/or adjacent channel interference, i.e. interference caused in adjacent channels (of the same or different operators or providers) in the same channel/spectrum (of the same or different operators/providers), respectively. To determine adjacent channel interference, different mechanisms may be used, such as ACLR (adjacent channel leakage ratio) measurements to determine such interference. It is noted that adjacent channel interference is not only related to directly adjacent channels, but also to other channels than interfered channels, such as channels in a direct link or other network. Such interference may be caused by the transmitter source, for example, mixing the transmitter source with a far (e.g., in frequency) channel affecting the corrupted channel, such as forming a difference, and or harmonic. For example, a channel of 1.8GHz may affect a channel of 3.6 GHz. Even in such a scenario, the aggressor device may operate in different spectrum or different frequency bands (of the same or different operators/providers) while still affecting the victim, e.g., in view of SINR obtained at the victim. Various methods of identifying such interference are presented herein, for example, providing information that allows for identification of an aggressor. That is, embodiments are not limited to a particular type of interference, but rather relate to actively avoiding interference at devices that do not communicate with device 30.
When referring again to fig. 3a-3d, the configuration device 30 may be configured to obtain information about the device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is provided, is provided with knowledge of the location. Alternatively or additionally, device 30 may obtain information about device 30 and device 26 1 Or 26 2 Knowledge of at least one direction of the correlated multipath component (MPC) therebetween. Based on at least one of the location and direction of the MPC, the device may control the side lobes to include low power transmission between the device 30 and the location or along the at least one direction to address the interference. That is, both the location and direction in which interference must be avoided may allow for reduced interference at the location of the victim.
As shown in fig. 3c, device 30 may be configured to obtain knowledge of request 28 to reduce the risk of a request at device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is a disturbance at the location of (a). Request 28 may be based on being interfered by device 26 in response to 1 Report of report 32 1 And/or by device 26 2 Report of report 32 2 . I.e. when slaveWhen a device receives an associated signal power 30 or a signal power above a threshold, the corresponding device may report this to its network or to a particular node of the network. For example, devices 30 and 26 operating in the same network or in the same network cell 1 And/or 26 2 Devices may exchange reports 32 and/or requests 28 directly. When operated by different suppliers, the device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Their report 32 may be used 1 Or 32 (V) 2 To the nodes of their network in order to allow the exchange of information between the different networks, so that the device 30 receives the request 28 from its own network. That is, device 30 may be configured to receive information about device 26 directly (e.g., within a network) or indirectly (e.g., between networks) 1 And/or 26 2 Report 28 of interference measurements at. Report 32 1 And/or 32 2 May be based on the receipt of wireless energy transmitted by device 30. Report 32, as will be explained in more detail later 2 And/or 32 2 Prediction based is also possible. For example, the reports may be based on device 30 relative to device 26, respectively 1 、26 2 Is predicted by the position or movement of the vehicle. This may include device 30 and/or device 26, respectively 1 、26 2 Is moved by the motion of the moving object.
As described, the device 30 may be configured to control a single side lobe of the antenna radiation pattern 10, or may be configured to control multiple side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern in order to handle interference at multiple locations. Device 30 may be configured for use at device 26 1 Is located at the device 26 2 Is to handle the interference at the location of (a). The device 30 may be configured to control at least the side lobes 14 of the antenna radiation pattern 10 1 And 14 2 . Such control may be common or may be based on a side lobe by side lobe evaluation, i.e. the side lobes may be controlled individually.
In a direct or indirect manner, device 30 may receive information from device 26 1 Or 26 2 Indicating an observation of the energy exchange or received power between the device 30 and its victim.
Device 30 may respond to having acquired information regarding the reduction at device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is performed, one or more of the following steps. Acquiring information regarding the request to reduce interference may include receiving report 32 1 Or 32 (V) 2 And/or receive request 28. For example, the device may perform renegotiation between devices forming a link in which the device is part of the link, preferably by adjusting an antenna pattern for the transmitting device and/or the receiving device. That is, the device 30 and/or communication partner 18 may adjust their antenna patterns. Alternatively or additionally, the device 30 may perform pattern limiting of the antenna radiation characteristics taking into account the direction/coverage/illumination. For example, the direction, coverage or illumination area may be temporarily adjusted when the device 30 is an unmanned aerial vehicle flying over a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), or when the device is a vehicle in a tunnel, or when the device may be a near-earth (or other) orbiting satellite in communication with a ground device as a communication partner, or vice versa. Alternatively or additionally, purpose-based or goal-based actions may be performed, e.g., to reduce impact on device 26 1 And/or 26 2 Is set, is provided. This may include rescheduling and/or coordination of beams of the selected transmit antenna pattern. Alternatively or additionally, the device may perform command-based actions, e.g. using a specific beam X when a specific condition Y is present. Alternatively or additionally, the command may indicate that beam P is not used when condition Q occurs. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may be adapted to use selective codebook entries (e.g., type I single-panel codebook, type I multi-panel codebook, type II single-panel codebook, and/or type II multi-panel codebook or different codebooks) or beam indexes.
In general, the handling of interference may be based on implementing a device performing the respective action, e.g. by controlling an antenna array to implement phase shift and/or amplitude control, e.g. as described above. These methods may require actual implementation, which may result in the performance of the components or devices used being more or less affected by the operating and environmental conditions. With respect to operating conditions, typical performance of a device may change for the following reasons: for example, the frequency of operation; the bandwidth of the signal; the power of the signal; modulating a signal; the number of signals; the number of streams contained in the signal; the presence or absence of other signals; a required scan angle; polarization; energy coupling or mutual coupling between the antenna elements, sub-arrays and the antenna panel; aging effects; and failure of components and assemblies. However, with respect to environmental conditions, the typical performance of a device may vary by factors such as: a temperature; humidity; altitude of the sea; solar radiation; an electric field; magnetic fields and/or vibrations.
As explained previously, in order to properly form a phased array antenna radiation pattern, the signal associated with each antenna element of the phased array may be suitably adjusted in phase and/or amplitude, typically both in phase and amplitude, according to operating criteria. According to an embodiment, at least one of two examples of methods that may be used to achieve this effect; codebook and adaptive array.
Codebook
According to an embodiment, the device for solving the interference may use a codebook for forming an antenna radiation pattern. Thus, the side lobes and/or nulls may also be controlled directly (e.g., by selecting an appropriate codebook entry) or iteratively (e.g., by iteratively selecting a codebook entry to adjust the antenna radiation pattern). So-called codebooks may provide a convenient way to organize and retrieve beamforming vectors associated with phased array antennas. For example, each column of the codebook matrix may specify a phase shift for each antenna element, and the actual beam [11] may be generated with the phase specified in each column of the codebook.
According to an example, a device may use a codebook that includes or is a so-called codebook
● I-type single-panel codebooks;
● I-type multi-panel codebooks;
● Type II single panel codebook; and
● II type multi-panel codebook
In (a) is provided, wherein one or more of the following,
this does not preclude the use of other codebooks instead or in addition.
In systems supporting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operations, such as 5G and 5G-above systems, the MIMO precoding matrix is also referred to as a codebook. The design of such codebooks is based on a trade-off between performance and complexity. The following are some of the desired properties of the codebook [13]:
1. the low complexity codebook may be designed by selecting each element that makes up a matrix or vector from a small binary set, e.g., a four letter (±1, ±j) set, which eliminates the need for matrix or vector multiplication. Furthermore, the nested nature of the codebook may further reduce the complexity of CQI computation when performing rank adaptation [13].
2. If the codebook structure is not adaptable, the base station may perform rank coverage, resulting in significant CQI mismatch. Nested attributes regarding rank coverage may be utilized to mitigate the effects of mismatch [13].
3. This can eliminate unnecessary increases in peak-to-average power ratio in designing a codebook with constant modulus characteristics considering power amplifier balancing [13].
4. Codebook design algorithms are expected to have good performance in a wide range of propagation scenarios, for example, in uncorrelated, correlated and dual polarized channels. The DFT-based codebook is optimal for linear arrays with small antenna spacing because the vector matches the structure of the transmit array response. Furthermore, the optimal choice of matrix and entries comprising codebook (e.g. rotated block diagonal structure) provides significant gain in dual polarized scenarios [13].
5. From an operational and performance perspective, low feedback and signaling overhead is desirable [13].
6. Low memory requirements are another design consideration for MIMO codebooks [13].
Adaptive array
The adaptive array may include a possibly computer-based algorithm that controls the signal level at the elements until a measure of the quality of the array performance improves. It can adjust its formed pattern, i.e. the antenna radiation pattern, to form zero, modify gain, reduce side lobes, or do anything that improves its performance. The adaptive array has higher reliability than the conventional array. When a single sensor element/antenna element in a conventional array fails, the sidelobe structure of the array pattern degrades. However, with adaptive arrays, the remaining operational sensors in the array automatically adjust to restore the pattern. For this reason, adaptive arrays are more reliable than conventional arrays because they fail gracefully. The array, when mounted on a structure such as a tower or a vehicle, or when held in the hand, beside the head, or worn on the body, tends to receive a pattern that is quite different from the array pattern measured in isolation (in the anechoic chamber) due to scattering of signals by the vehicle structure near the antenna or by interaction with the user. Adaptive arrays produce successful operation even in cases where the antenna pattern is severely distorted by near field effects. The adaptive capability overcomes much or even any distortion that occurs in the near field and reacts only to the signal environment caused by any such distortion. Also, in the far field, the adaptive antenna will not notice the absence of any distortion [11].
Adaptive arrays can improve SNR by preserving the main beam pointing to the desired signal while placing zeros in the pattern to suppress interfering signals. By forming the pattern zero over a narrow bandwidth, very strong interference suppression can be achieved. This particular interference suppression capability is a major advantage of adaptive arrays over waveform processing techniques, which typically require a large spectral spreading factor to achieve a significant level of interference suppression. Sensor arrays with such critical automated response capabilities are sometimes referred to as "smart" arrays because they respond much more to signal information available at the sensor output than conventional array systems [11].
Pattern control using codebook and adaptive antennas
While codebook and adaptive algorithms each have their unique advantages and disadvantages, the advantages of how to simply and effectively combine the two in a practical system are not yet obvious. This situation is further exacerbated when the actual implementation of the phased array is considered in conjunction with the operational and environmental impairments described above.
Fig. 4a shows a schematic block diagram of a device 40 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, device 40 is explained in view of the victim device, i.e. the device that is interfered with by the interfering signal 34 (e.g. one of the side lobes 14 of device 45, which in one embodiment may be device 30). The device 40 is configured for operation in a wireless communication network. The device 40 is configured for communication with a communication partner, for example in a wireless communication network. Alternatively, the device 40 may be configured to form an antenna radiation pattern, i.e. be capable of performing beamforming, while in other embodiments the device 40 does not perform beamforming.
The device 40 is configured to determine a measure of interference associated with a device that is not in communication with the device 40. For example, device 40 may be device 26 of wireless communication network 300 1 And is not intended to communicate with the device 30, which may be the source of the interfering signal 34. The device 40 may be configured to determine a measure of interference associated with the device 40 based on the reception and evaluation of the interfering signal 34 or by an expectation of future received signals. Device 40 may be configured to report to interfering device 45 or members of the communication network in which interfering device 45 is operating, reception of power or experienced/expected interference from interfering device 45 (aggressor).
Fig. 4b shows a schematic block diagram of the interaction between the device 40 and the interferer 45. Although at time T 1 When device 45 may not interfere with device 40, or may interfere at a low, possibly tolerable level, but device 40 may have knowledge of the motion of device 45 and/or the motion of at least part of antenna radiation pattern 10 generated by device 45. Based on this, device 40 may expect device 45 to be at a later time T 2 Interfering with the communication of device 40. Based on this expectation or prediction, device 40 may provide report 32 as a precautionary measure, indicating that it is expected at time T 2 Will be disturbed. Such a desire may be based on movement of the device 45 and/or based on movement of a communication partner of the device 45, which movement may cause the device 45 to adapt its antenna radiation pattern. For example, based on the relative movement between the device 45 and its communication partners, the device 40 may temporarily follow the disturbanceThe direction of one or more multipath components of the message is arranged. Alternatively or additionally, the device 40 may move, and the prediction may indicate that the device 40 expects itself to move along or through one or more side lobes of the communication between the device 45 and its communication partners. That is, the device 40 may be configured to determine the measure of interference based on the reception of wireless energy transmitted by the other device 45 and/or based on a prediction of the location or movement of at least one of the device 40, the interfering device 45 and the communication partners of the interfering device 45.
The device 40 may be configured to determine at least a portion of the antenna radiation pattern 10 generated by the device 45 and to report the interference related measurements in order to report at least a portion of the antenna radiation characteristics 10, for example by reporting 32. Thus, thereby, knowledge about the antenna radiation characteristics 10 can be obtained within the network, taking at least into account those components that can be measured at the receiving device and/or the interfered device. In other words, a specific observation filter, e.g. a receive beamformer or other means, may be used to receive the effective/generated interference power superimposed with the desired signal (of the victim) from its own communication partner, the generated antenna radiation characteristics being observed at the location of the victim. If its level is greater than the SNR of its own communication partner, this may be considered as a detrimental interference. For example, in the uplink, a BTS may track UEs in its cell and another UE (aggressor) from another cell may interfere with the co-channel resources. In the currently selected RX beam mode, the interfering UE may not be a problem, but when tracking its own UE, the RX sidelobes pointing to the interfering UE and the degrees of freedom for notification may not allow for a change/adaptation of the RX mode, e.g. placing a null point towards the interfering aggressor. In this case, the interfering UE may be requested not to transmit to the victim BTS. This may allow an aggressor to adjust its radiation pattern as described in connection with fig. 3 a-d.
Device 40 may be configured to report its receipt (either occurring or expected) to device 45 (e.g., device 30) via a feedback channel or control channel of the same network or a different network. Reports on past or expected receipt may be based on at least one of the following:
● A cell Identification (ID) of a cell of the wireless network;
● Beam characteristics/identification;
● Positioning or geolocation;
● A power class;
● Sounding Reference Symbols (SRS);
● A Synchronization Signal Block (SSB);
● Channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS);
● Bandwidth part (BWP);
● Blanking/puncturing/enhancement modes; and
● Reference Signals (RSs) and/or data transmitted from an interference source are used as dummy RSs.
The device 40 may be configured to define, quantify, rank, or categorize the reception of wireless energy, for example, when receiving or anticipating the interfering signal 34, based on at least one of:
● Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) degradation;
● Signal to interference (SIR) ratio;
● Interference level;
● Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative ACKs (NACKs);
● SINR/SIR level analysis, e.g., per (HARQ) retransmission packet or per receive beam pattern;
● SIR/SINR margin with respect to target SINR; and
● The SINR margin of adaptive beamforming with Reception (RX) nulling is considered.
For example, in connection with RX nulling, when the BTS is performing adaptive beamforming for UE tracking, i.e., following the relative movement between the UE and the device/BTS, then the nulls towards the interferer can be easily placed as long as the directions towards the target UE and the interferer are differentially distributed/separated in the angular domain. If the angle between them drops below a threshold (e.g., the two directions become indistinguishable or inseparable), the SIR may decrease, which affects the link, and thus the interferer may reduce its interference towards the direction/location of the BTS (victim). This may be improved to request/request adaptive interference suppression at the aggressor before the victim link is damaged. This may be referred to as predictive interference avoidance.
Device 40 may be configured to quantify and/or characterize device 45 as an interferer based on at least one of:
● Parameterization of potential aggressor features
● Time slots, resource grids, allocated channels, and/or BWP;
●SRS，SSB，CSI-RS；
● The direction in which the signal 34 is received or expected;
● Polarization of signal 34;
● Operating frequency and/or channel allocation;
● A transmission direction in uplink or downlink; and
● The blanking/puncturing/power enhancement modes observed.
That is, device 40 may use one or more of these features to identify device 45, allowing for accurate reporting of ongoing or expected interference, allowing device 45 to avoid or reduce such interference.
Parameterization of the potential aggressor may be performed, at least in part, by evaluating and/or associating one or more of the following with the aggressor device.
● Operating frequency/channel
● Operating bandwidth
● Carrier aggregation details
● Transmission power
● Transmission polarization
● Direction of transmission
● Transmission type (fixed, scheduled, random, responsive to others)
● The number of beams used
● Property of beam (Beam width)
● multiplexing-TDD/FDD or full duplex
● Modulation of
● Spatially static (fixed position) or spatially agile (changing position, i.e. moving)
● Location (fixed, updated, predicted/estimated)
It is noted that additional information about other devices, such as location, may be used. For example, the direction may be derived from the position.
The device 40 may be configured to report reception based on at least one of including information in the report 32:
● Complete parameter set, subset, compressed/reduced parameter set; for example, the reception reporting parameters may include one or more of the following:
received power (also per beam, per component carrier)
O reception channel
O reception direction
Received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Received signal to interference ratio (SIR)
Received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)
Channel Quality Information (CQI) determined
Channel of observation
● Delta, difference, event-based, and/or ordered list; as a basis for comparison, this generation technique may be considered from the perspective of the technique used for data storage backup:
the delta report may include all new parameters and all parameters that have been changed since the first report
The o-discrepancy report may include all parameter variations that are different from the first report
On certain events (e.g. channel/beam/power changes), event-based reporting may be triggered
When parameters are arranged or otherwise "ordered" in a specified order-whether or not there is a tag identifying the reported parameters, the report is referred to as an ordered list
Device 40 may provide its report according to one or more of the following:
● Based on triggers/thresholds or based on events, e.g., in case of interference occurrence, expectation and/or reaching a certain threshold;
● The requirements are met;
● Timed;
● Synchronous;
● Queuing; and
● Tailing/hysteresis/windowing (e.g., last X minutes, which provides hints about masking/interrupt); for example, the terms trailing, lagging, and/or windowing may be used to describe the nature of the report and to illustrate that the report is not necessarily always immediately available. In this case, the report may be provided some time after the event reporting its result occurs—thus terms such as tailing and/or hysteresis are used. Windowed interpretation observations may be made at certain time intervals or windows;
● Calibration/authorization/verification/authentication/model approval; since other (network) devices (e.g., victims) may have an opportunity to report the performance of other (network) devices (e.g., aggressors) such that the other devices may have to change their operation, it may be advantageous to evaluate the quality, value, or authority of such reports. To this end, to increase the confidence level, the reporting device may comprise:
the O device may be calibrated (e.g., in the factory)
The device may be authorized (e.g., by the network)
The o device may be authenticated (e.g., by some other entity such as inside or outside the network)
The device may be authenticated (e.g., by a testing authority or other trusted entity)
The device may be approved by the model (e.g., by a fully traceable measurement mechanism)
Device 40 may be configured to report the reception directly to device 45, for example, when operated in the network or a portion thereof by the same operator or the overall network infrastructure. Alternatively, the device may report to a different entity, e.g. to a node of its own wireless communication network, e.g. a coordinator node, a base station or a different device, to carry its information. This information may then be forwarded to device 45 either intra-network or inter-network. Thus, device 45 may be a member of the wireless communication network in which device 40 operates, but may not be a member of the wireless communication network. In both cases, reporting to device 45 may be accomplished indirectly by reporting to an entity of the wireless network to forward report 32 and/or reporting to an entity of another network of which device 45 is a member. The report may allow for triggering of a back measurement by device 45, e.g., as described in connection with device 30. That is, the communication may include a communication path: victim-victim network-aggressor.
Example wireless communication networks that communicate with each other, for example, device 40 and device 45 operating in different wireless communication networks may include one of:
● Geographically co-located networks of the same or different Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), including Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) networks, private networks, integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks, such as half-duplex or full-duplex networks;
● Non-terrestrial network to terrestrial network;
● Offshore to terrestrial networks;
● Offshore to non-terrestrial networks; and
● Any possible combination.
Directional diagram evaluation and verification
One aspect of the embodiments described herein is to evaluate antenna pattern characteristics of devices deployed in the field using other deployed devices. For example, the user equipment may be arranged such that they may provide a report of the signals received on the beams created for reception purposes even if the beams are not directly used for communication. With an extension of this example, the UE may be suitably configured to observe the characteristics of other networked devices. Similarly, the base station may also be suitably arranged to observe or evaluate antenna-related performance of other network devices. An important aspect of the embodiments of this section described herein is that any device in the network can be organized to provide such functionality, examples of which can be taken from the list of:
● Viewing method
● Observation parameters
● Method of observation
● Interval of observation
● Priority of observations
Feedback path or control channel
To transmit mode evaluation and verification information from one device to another, embodiments provide a feedback channel or control channel. The channel may operate independently or even isolated from the communication channel between devices, providing a means for inter-device reporting. This allows the necessary information to be transferred between devices even though these devices are not required to form a communication link. In fact, it is the concept that (communicatively) connected devices cause interference to other devices to which they are not connected that results in the proposed interference reduction.
● Type of information
● Information structure
● Method of connection
● Feedback process
A network according to an embodiment may include at least one interfering device or aggressor, such as device 30. The wireless communication network further includes at least one victim, e.g., device 40. For example, device 26 implemented as device 40 1 And/or 26 2 The wired communication network 300 may be caused to be such a network.
The interfering device may be configured to address interference in a link between at least one of:
● A base station and user equipment;
● A base station and a backhaul entity;
● A base station and a relay entity;
● A first relay entity and a second relay entity;
● A relay entity and another infrastructure;
● A first base station and a second base station;
● A first UE and a second UE;
● UE and another infrastructure; and
● UE and relay entity.
According to an embodiment, the interfering device may be configured to handle interference affecting a link operating between a device in communication with the interfered device and the interfered device in communication with the communication partner. That is, the aggressor can address the interference it causes to the communications maintained by the victim. That is, communication of the transmitter and/or receiver/transceiver talking to the victim may be considered. The victim may receive messages from his communication partners. The aggressor may address the interference by at least one of:
● Interference mitigation/avoidance measures are taken, for example, using appropriate antenna radiation patterns, to allow low amounts of interference;
● The aggressor can adjust its own communication either always or in a coordinated synchronous manner, or at least when the victim is scheduled to receive information from its communication partners; and/or
● The victim is allowed to successfully listen to the control channel of the communication partner, e.g. to provide authorization for future messages sent to and/or from the victim or aggressor.
As described, an aggressor device according to an embodiment, such as device 30, may be configured to transmit signals using an antenna radiation pattern and/or may receive signals using an antenna radiation pattern. That is, the embodiments described herein relate to a transmit case and a receive case, where the two cases may be combined with each other.
Although embodiments relate to various scenarios, two interference scenarios related to co-channel interference and/or adjacent channel interference may be considered. Embodiments consider near/far effects, which means that its communication partners are far away and the effective path loss is high, resulting in a low SNR on the desired link. At the same time, the interferer is nearby, resulting in a received interference level at the RX antenna (before the RC beamformer), resulting in the AGC responding to both signals (desired and interfering signals), or the power level from the interferer dominates, effectively sensing the receiver. Although reference is made to close and long distances, this situation may be independent of physical distance, but may be related to the transmission power used. The solution for this is to reduce the power/energy sent from the interference direction receiver/victim antenna, e.g. by requesting or indicating the aggressor to do so.
Another scenario is where the SIR is equal to or lower than the target SINR (at the selected MCS level) for the desired link. The solution is to reduce the interference level, which allows to increase the SINR, which can increase the link capacity.
If these scenarios are aggregated, i.e. interference from multiple sources, and a value below the target SINR level of the desired link is obtained after the receive beamforming and/or signal processing method, the interference control may be omitted.
Another point relevant to the embodiments disclosed herein, reducing interference by antenna pattern adaptation, is applicable to numerous network device links including:
● Base station to user equipment
● Base station to backhaul
● Base station to base station (Relay/repeat-renewable and nonrenewable)
● Base station to other infrastructure
● User equipment to other infrastructure
● User equipment to user equipment (Cross link)
In many applications, the level of the side lobes and the direction in which they are pointed can vary on a side lobe-by-side basis. That is, each side lobe can be independently or separately controlled as long as there is an allowable means. A device according to an embodiment may be configured for respective sidelobe-by-sidelobe control.
It should be noted, however, that any adjustment of the antenna pattern will affect not only the side lobes, but also the main lobes. This means that pattern adaptation may reduce the gain of the antenna, thereby affecting the range of the communication link. Thus, engineering trade-offs between the antenna and system characteristics described above are necessary.
Embodiments relate to reducing interference at devices that are not part of the communication causing the interference. In some cases, this may also be related to direct link interference. Embodiments relate to reporting on interference and controlling antenna radiation patterns.
Examples of controllable Properties
● Adapted for both transmission and reception
● Examples of interference include co-channel and adjacent channels
● Antenna pattern control- > beam; side lobe; and the level and direction of zero point
● Polarization; an antenna port; a subarray; and selection of a panel
CPE1 (interference observation network device (IOND)) or victim observes within a specified time window (defined size)
Links that affect interference (e.g., DL from its BTS or direct link from another UE relay)
● Interference example
O multiple access interference (2 UE to the same BS)
DL inter BS interference (2 BS to one UE)
inter-UE interference/inter-BTS interference (caused by different TDD timing between networks)
Inter-relay interference in a multi-hop network
Interference observation network device
Devices in the network (victims) can determine the link quality impact on the active radio communication link between the transmitter and receiver, existing/duplicated/to be established, by receiving radio signals from surrounding network devices.
The IOND monitors/captures interference source parameters (e.g., direction, timing, frequency, polarization, physical PRBS, BWP) associated with the receive beam. The IOND may evaluate the interference impact of other network devices (possibly) for interference management.
Viewing assistance information and procedure
● Provided by a network or other network element describing or allowing to identify the source of the interference,
cell ID, beam characteristics/identity, positioning, geolocation, power level, SRS, SSB, CSI-RS, BWP,
blanking/puncturing mode
● Activation of beam scanning or specific beam or blanking/puncturing patterns
Quantifying and characterizing interference impact (of aggressor to victim)
SINR degradation, SIR level, interference level, HARQ ACK/NACK
SINR/SIR level analysis per
O (HARQ) retransmission packet
Receive beam/pattern
Quantification and characterization of interference sources
● Parameterization of potential aggressor features
● Time slot, resource grid, allocation channel, BWP
●SRS，SSB，CSI RS
● Direction (polarization
Examples of parameters reported by victims or IOND/MLRD
● Method of reporting
Full set, subset, compressed/reduced set, delta, difference, event-based, ordered list, trigger/threshold-based, requested, timed, synchronous, queued, tailing/lagging/windowing (last X minutes) -hint about mask/interrupt
Calibration/authorization/verification/authentication/"type approval"
Interference mitigation and negotiation procedures (between devices)
● In-network operation
From victim to aggressor
O from network to aggressor
O from victim to aggressor via network
● Inter-network operation
Examples of o include:
geographically co-located MNOs (including FWA networks), private networks, IAB networks (full duplex)
-non-terrestrial network to terrestrial network
O from the victim via the network to another network where the aggressor is located
Interference mitigation actions (for aggressors)
● Purpose-stable control of aggressor links
● Renegotiation between the devices forming the link of which the aggressor is a part, in particular by adjusting the antenna pattern of the transmitting device, and possibly the antenna pattern of the receiving device.
● Direction/coverage/illumination pattern limitation (unmanned aerial vehicle over BTS, vehicle in tunnel)
● Based on the action of the target or purpose (e.g., reducing power affecting the victim, rescheduling, coordinating beams of the selected transmit antenna pattern)
● Command-based actions (e.g., beam X for condition Y or beam P for condition Q)
● Selective codebook entry or beam index
Embodiments are described herein in terms of interfered devices and/or specific actions taken by the interfered devices. Such actions may be determined autonomously. Some embodiments relate to feedback channels or other means of communication that provide an opportunity to notify other devices of a particular action being planned, performed, or indicated, for example, by a coordinating node notifying an interferer of information collected from multiple interfered devices. It also allows the evaluation and learning of these data. Thus, embodiments relate to the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
For example, electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools are used in the design flow of electronic components, integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, modules, and systems. EDA tools provide means to design, simulate, analyze, and verify designs with great precision, often directly resulting in manufacturing readiness. The simulation may be limited to one physical field, e.g. electrical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, or in the case of so-called multiphysics, a simultaneous combination of multiple physical fields. This allows the development of complex analog systems and environments in which phased array antenna systems consisting of electromagnetic field solvers and circuit-level solvers can be developed.
Given the availability of high-performance EDA software and the affordability of high-performance computing facilities, it is possible to build accurate, precise, and reliable models of real-world systems that combine hardware devices and software algorithms. The complete phased array antenna system controlled by the codebook and adaptive algorithm can thus be modeled using the EDA tool, and its performance can be evaluated under a variety of conditions, including, for example: an operation scene; component variation; an environment; and various use cases. Briefly, each input control variable of the simulation is converted into a dimension of the result space, or alternatively, the number dimension of the result space is proportional to the number of inputs. The challenge of such simulations is how to interpret the results produced. To this end, machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence have evolved.
For example, a large number of multiparameter computer simulations of a phased array antenna system may provide a large number of simulation results. These training data may be used by appropriate machine learning techniques, such as unsupervised learning, active learning, reinforcement learning, self-learning, feature learning, sparse dictionary learning, meta learning, federal learning, anomaly detection, or association rules to determine appropriate rules describing a method of representing the relationship between a given input and a desired output without explicit programming. That is, a device such as an aggressor may perform deep learning or may implement artificial intelligence to derive or determine information related to the effectiveness of its actions. For example, information about the interference it causes (e.g., a received report) may be combined, correlated, or otherwise associated with information about the action it takes and the effects derived therefrom (e.g., subsequent reports after adjustment of the antenna radiation pattern after reporting).
Deep learning (including artificial intelligence) can be achieved in a variety of ways. For example:
● The results of the deep learning may be obtained as a result of simulations completed during system development and design, e.g., separately, and thus without further learning;
● Deep learning can be performed to combine the simulated descriptive results with real world/field usage experience (data collected during use or operation) to further refine the system (through additional learning).
That is, the method for calibrating a device capable of forming an antenna radiation pattern according to an embodiment comprises performing a deep learning process to evaluate a relation between a control (target value) for forming a control of the antenna radiation pattern and/or a side lobe thereof on the one hand and information (actual value/true value) related to the antenna radiation pattern generated in fact on the other hand.
Alternatively, the obtained information may be updated based on operation of the device, for example, based on further deep learning.
In addition to the above, the device may be provided with means to accept and implement an updated look-up table (LUT) that is provided to the device after deployment of the device (similar to a software/firmware update). Such updates may be managed and/or distributed by the network through various methods (manual, automatic, scheduling, request).
Alternatively or additionally, the device (along with the network and other (network/networked devices) may include or at least have access to means for providing appropriate data to enable deep learning to be performed outside of the device and/or network.
The device may be configured to update, i.e., modify or modify, the look-up table with the beam pattern stored thereon based on the results of the deep learning or machine learning. Alternatively or additionally, the algorithm used by the device may be adjusted. Alternatively or in addition to the aggressors, the network, i.e., any entity or distributed entity, such as a network controller or coordinator node, may be configured to perform machine learning, e.g., using artificial intelligence, to evaluate or learn the effect of control sidelobes on the antenna radiation pattern, and adjust the control of the sidelobes based on the machine learning.
The degree of refinement of the system model thus obtained, the fidelity of the simulation, the number of scan variables and/or their range and resolution are all design parameters that may affect the accuracy and precision of the simulation results. Also, machine learning techniques may help one skilled in the art to properly select these parameters, balancing the trade-off between simulation time and performance.
In an example practical implementation, the combination of the necessary input set and the appropriate look-up table may enable the required beamforming vector to be selected quickly and reliably, thus dynamically responding to changes in operating and environmental conditions, without requiring time-consuming and iterative adaptation of the phased array excitation.
The above-described embodiments relate to aggressors generating interference and victims suffering from such interference, where the victim may, but need not, maintain a channel or link with the aggressor or its network. As described above, the victim may be part of the same or a different network or cell when compared to the aggressor.
To determine the interference and/or its characteristics, the victim may operate as an Interference Observing Network Device (IOND). However, according to an embodiment, additional information sources may be used to obtain knowledge about the interference. Such devices are described in the following, called measurement, recording and reporting devices MLRD. Such devices may be used to observe the behavior or condition of the network or a portion thereof, for example, in view of generated interference, and may provide such information to other devices. This may allow providing information about the impact of their behaviour to an aggressor and/or providing information about current or future, expected/possible interference to a (potential) victim, e.g. its source and/or the location where it is suspected to provide a high or low amount of interference. In connection with such an embodiment, the interference, in particular cross interference, may be checked from the perspective of a single interference source, but also from the perspective of a set of sources providing a combined level or number of interference for the possible victim.
Some embodiments of aspects related to handling interference between a disturber or aggressor and a victim or victim may be represented by the following programming:
embodiment 1. A device configured to operate in a wireless communication network, wherein the device is configured to form an antenna radiation pattern for communication with a communication partner;
wherein the antenna radiation pattern comprises a main lobe, at least one side lobe, and zero between the main lobe and the side lobe;
wherein the device is configured to control the main lobe towards a path to the communication partner; and controls side lobes and/or zeros to account for interference at the location of the other device.
Embodiment 2. The device of embodiment 1, wherein the device is configured to transmit signals using the antenna radiation pattern or is configured to receive signals using the antenna radiation pattern.
Embodiment 3. The device of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the device is configured to control the side lobes by controlling at least one of:
the direction of the side lobe and/or the direction of the main lobe, thereby affecting the direction of the side lobe;
controlling the level of power transfer between the device and the other device by means of side lobes and/or by using a main lobe, thereby affecting the level of power transfer to the location of the other device at the side lobes;
Polarization of side lobes and/or main lobes;
selection of an antenna port for forming an antenna radiation pattern, selection of a sub-array of an antenna array for forming an antenna radiation pattern, and/or selection of at least one antenna panel for forming an antenna radiation pattern.
Embodiment 4. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to control the side lobes by implementing at least one of:
a phase shift of the signal and a phase shift between antennas of an antenna array configured to form an antenna radiation pattern;
a change in frequency between antennas of the antenna array and a change in frequency of the signal;
lengthening or shortening the transmission line part of the feed network of the antenna array;
a change in dielectric constant between antennas of the antenna array;
a change in permeability between antennas of the antenna array; and
a power cone for the antenna array is used.
Embodiment 5. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to control the side lobes by effecting a phase shift of the signal and a phase shift between antennas of the antenna array, and to form the antenna radiation pattern by varying a dielectric constant between antennas of the antenna array.
Embodiment 6. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to control the side lobes by effecting a phase shift of the signal and a phase shift between antennas of the antenna array, and to form the antenna radiation pattern by varying a permeability between antennas of the antenna array.
Embodiment 7. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to address the interference, the side lobes being controlled in view of a power transmission level between the device and the other device along at least one path between the device and the other device in the radio propagation environment.
Embodiment 8 the device of embodiment 7 wherein the communication partner is located as a far device and wherein the other device is located as a near device.
Embodiment 9. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is at most a target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the link, wherein the device is configured to reduce the interference level to increase the SINR to increase the link capacity between the device and the communication partner.
Embodiment 10. The device of one of the preceding embodiments is configured to handle interference, control side lobe directions and/or null directions of an antenna radiation pattern.
Embodiment 11. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to select an antenna radiation pattern from a plurality of possible antenna radiation patterns, to generate the antenna radiation pattern and to adapt the generated radiation pattern to reduce interference between the device and another device when compared to the selected antenna radiation pattern; or (b)
Selecting an antenna radiation pattern from a plurality of possible antenna radiation patterns, resulting in interference between the device and another device below a predefined interference threshold; or minimizing interference between the device and the other device while providing energy transmission between the device and the communication partner above a predefined transmission threshold or providing maximum energy transmission between the device and the communication partner.
Embodiment 12. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to control side lobes and/or antenna radiation patterns based on a codebook and/or based on an adaptive antenna array; wherein the codebook comprises a type I single panel codebook; type I multi-panel codebook; type II single panel codebook; at least one of a type II multi-panel codebook or a different codebook.
Embodiment 13. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the processed interference comprises co-channel interference and/or adjacent channel interference.
Embodiment 14. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to obtain knowledge about a location of the other device and/or about at least one direction of a correlated multipath component (MPC) between the device and the other device, and to control the side lobes to include low power transmission amounts between the device and the location or along the at least one direction to handle the interference.
Embodiment 15. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to obtain knowledge about the request based on a report of the other device or based on instructions received from the wireless communication network to reduce interference at the location of the other device.
Embodiment 16. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to directly or indirectly receive a report on the interference measurement.
Embodiment 17. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the reporting is based on reception of wireless energy transmitted by the device; and/or based on the location or movement of the device.
Embodiment 18. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to control a plurality of side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern to handle interference at a plurality of locations.
Embodiment 19. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured for processing interference to the other device and to the other device for controlling at least first and second side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern based on the side lobe-by-side lobe evaluation.
Embodiment 20. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device comprises an antenna arrangement and is configured to perform beamforming using the antenna arrangement.
Embodiment 21. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to receive a signal from the other device, the signal indicating an observation of energy exchange or received power between the device and the other device.
Embodiment 22. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform a beam scanning process to address the interference, wherein the antenna radiation pattern is at least partially in space.
Embodiment 23. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to implement a blanking/puncturing/power boost pattern on the antenna radiation pattern, the blanking/puncturing/power boost pattern by which the blanked/punctured/power boost resources of the antenna radiation pattern are made observable, in particular, via the multipath propagation environment, at a location of the other device to address the interference.
Embodiment 24 the device of embodiment 23, wherein the blanking/puncturing/power enhancement pattern is associated with an identification of the device.
Embodiment 25. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the other apparatus is not a member of a wireless communication network.
Embodiment 26. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device, in response to having acquired the information regarding the request to reduce interference at the location of the other device, performs at least one of:
renegotiation between the devices forming the link, wherein the devices are part of the link, preferably by adjusting the antenna pattern of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device;
-a directional diagram limitation of the antenna radiation characteristics in terms of direction/coverage/illumination, for example when the device is an unmanned aircraft flying over a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), or when the device is a vehicle in a tunnel, or when the device may be a near earth orbit satellite communicating with a ground device as a communication partner, or vice versa;
rescheduling and/or coordinating the beams of the selected transmit antenna pattern based on a goal or purpose-based action, such as reducing power affecting another device;
command-based actions, such as using beam X in condition Y, or not using beam P in condition Q;
-using selective codebook entries or beam indexes.
Embodiment 27. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is a base station configured for operating a cell of a wireless communication network or a UE operating in a cell.
Embodiment 28 the device of embodiment 19 or 20, wherein the device is configured to receive the report from another device that is a device of the wireless network in which the device operates.
Embodiment 29. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform machine learning to account for control sidelobes affecting the antenna radiation pattern; and adjusts control of the side lobes based on machine learning.
Embodiment 30 a device configured to operate in a wireless communication network, wherein the device is configured to communicate with a communication partner;
wherein the device is configured to determine a measure of interference related to another device not in communication with the device and to report to the other device or a member of its communication network the reception of interference from the other device.
Embodiment 31 the device of embodiment 25, wherein the device is configured to form an antenna radiation pattern.
Embodiment 32 the device of embodiment 30 or 31, wherein the device is configured to be based on the reception of wireless energy transmitted by another device; and/or determining a measure of interference based on a prediction of a position or movement of at least one of the other device, a communication partner of the other device, and the device.
Embodiment 33 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 32, wherein the device is configured for determining at least a portion of an antenna radiation characteristic of the other device and for reporting measurements of interference to report the at least a portion of the antenna radiation characteristic.
Embodiment 34 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 33, wherein the device is configured to report to the other device, via a feedback channel or a control channel of the same or a different network, the condition regarding the reception.
Embodiment 35 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 34, wherein the device is configured to report to the other device based on receipt of at least one of
-a cell Identification (ID) of a cell of the wireless network;
-beam characteristics/identifications;
-a positioning or geographical location;
-a power level;
-sounding reference symbols;
-a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB);
-channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS);
-a bandwidth part;
-blanking/puncturing/enhancement patterns; and
-RS and/or data transmitted from an interfering source, acting as a dummy RS.
Embodiment 36 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 35, wherein the device is configured to qualify/quantify/rank/classify the reception of wireless energy transmitted by another device based on at least one of:
-signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) degradation;
-signal-to-interference ratio (SIR);
-interference level;
-hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative ACKs (NACKs);
SINR/SIR level analysis, e.g. per (HARQ) retransmission packet or per reception beam pattern;
-SIR/SINR margin with respect to target SINR; and
-adaptive beamforming SINR margin taking into account Reception (RX) nulling.
Embodiment 37 the device of one of embodiments 30 to 36, wherein the device is configured to quantify and/or qualify the other device as an interferer based on at least one of:
Parameterization of potential aggressor features
Time slots, resource grids, allocated channels, BWP
-SRS，SSB，CSI-RS
-direction of
-polarization of
Operating frequency, channel allocation
The transmission direction is uplink or downlink
Observed blanking/puncturing/power boost pattern
Embodiment 38 the apparatus of one of embodiments 25 through 32, wherein the apparatus is configured to report reception based on at least one of:
-full set, subset, compressed/reduced parameters; and
delta, differential, event-based, and/or ordered list.
Embodiment 39 the apparatus of one of embodiments 30 through 38, wherein the apparatus is configured to report reception based on at least one of:
-based on a trigger/threshold/event;
-on demand;
-timed;
-synchronized;
-queuing;
tailing/hysteresis/windowing (last X minutes); and
prompt for masking/interrupting
Calibration/authorization/verification/authentication/"type approval".
Embodiment 40 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 39, wherein the device is configured to report the status of the reception directly to another device or to a wireless communication network.
Embodiment 41 the device of one of embodiments 30 through 40, wherein the other device is not a member of the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 42 the device of embodiment 41 wherein the device is configured to report on the reception indirectly to the other device by reporting to an entity of the wireless network to forward the report and/or reporting to an entity of another network of which the other device is a member in order to trigger countermeasures.
Embodiment 43 the apparatus of embodiment 42, wherein the wireless communication network and the another wireless communication network communicate with each other as a network comprising one of:
-geographically co-located networks of the same or different Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), including fixed wireless access networks (FWA), private networks, integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks, such as half-duplex or full-duplex;
-non-terrestrial network to terrestrial network
-an offshore network to a terrestrial network;
-offshore to non-terrestrial networks; and
any possible combination of the above.
Embodiment 44. The wireless communication network comprises:
at least one interfering device according to one of embodiments 1 to 29 to cause interference; and
at least one disturbed device according to one of embodiments 30 to 40.
Embodiment 45 the network of embodiment 44, wherein the interfering device is configured to process interference in a link between at least one of:
-a base station and a user equipment, UE;
-a base station and a backhaul entity;
-a base station and a relay entity;
-a first relay entity and a second relay entity;
-a relay entity and another infrastructure;
-a first base station and a second base station;
-a first UE and a second UE;
-a UE and another infrastructure; and
-UE and relay entity.
Embodiment 46. The network of embodiment 44 or 45, wherein the interfering device is configured to handle interference affecting a link operating between the device in communication with the interfered device and the interfered device in communication with the communication partner by at least one of:
-applying interference mitigation/avoidance measures, e.g. using an appropriate antenna radiation pattern;
-always or in a coordinated/synchronized manner, at least when the victim is scheduled to receive information from its communication partners; and/or
Allowing the victim to successfully listen to the control channel of the communication partner, e.g. providing authorization for future messages sent to/from the victim.
Embodiment 47 the network of one of embodiments 44 to 46, wherein the network or an entity thereof is configured to perform machine learning to account for control sidelobes affecting the antenna radiation pattern; and adjusts control of the side lobes based on machine learning.
Embodiment 48. A method of operating a device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
forming an antenna radiation pattern for communicating with a communication partner such that the antenna radiation pattern includes a main lobe, at least one side lobe, and zero between the main lobe and the side lobe;
controlling the main lobe to face a path to a communication partner;
The side lobes and/or zeros are controlled to account for interference at the location of the other device.
Embodiment 49. A method of operating a device in a wireless communication network, wherein the device is configured to communicate with a communication partner, the method comprising:
determining a measure of interference associated with another device that is not in communication with the device;
reporting to the other device or a member of its communication network about the reception of power or interference from the other device.
Embodiment 50. A method for calibrating a device capable of forming an antenna radiation pattern, the method comprising:
performing a deep learning process to evaluate a relationship between a control for forming an antenna radiation pattern and/or a control of side lobes thereof on the one hand and information related to the actually generated antenna radiation pattern on the other hand; and
information obtained based on deep learning is stored in a non-volatile data store of the physical wireless communication network or device.
Embodiment 51. The method of embodiment 50, further comprising:
the stored information is updated based on the operation of the device.
Embodiment 52. A computer readable digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program having program code for performing the method according to embodiments 48 to 51 when run on a computer.
For example, aspects related to aggressors and/or victims may be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention. For example, for the solutions provided below, the actions of the aggressor may be incorporated without limitation. Alternatively or additionally, an aggressor may obtain its information upon operation of the MLRD, at least in part as described below, and/or by receiving signals from such devices.
Alternatively or additionally, the behavior of the victim may also be incorporated therein without limitation. Alternatively or additionally, the victim may obtain its information upon operation of the MLRD, at least in part as described below, and/or by receiving signals from such devices.
Measuring and/or reporting device
In the following, aspects of the invention are described in view of an apparatus for measuring and reporting, possibly recording, radio link parameters associated with the operation of a wireless communication network or system. Such a device may be referred to as a measurement, recording and reporting device MLRD, wherein in particular the recording is not considered mandatory.
By way of background, wireless communication links are used to connect entities comprising wireless networks. Although by definition these links may be unidirectional, they are typically bidirectional. The level of quality of service for these links tends to vary due to various physical effects.
It is well known that wireless links are prone to varying levels of connection quality, and the reasons for such variations are numerous, including: small-scale and large-scale fading; blocking; interference; influence of background noise; loss of time, frequency and phase synchronization.
It is also known that in communication links comprising uplink and downlink directions (e.g. from a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), respectively, and vice versa), quality of service (QoS) often depends on the direction and can vary significantly over time. In order to provide and maintain links with a desired or required QoS, link adaptation mechanisms employing various techniques are often used, including feedback or closed loop control mechanisms. However, qoS is typically evaluated at the receiving end of the link, and an efficient and successful link requires sufficient link performance in both directions of the link, in particular to ensure that QoS information determined at the receiving end of the link can be returned to the transmitting end of the link. Upon receipt of this information, the sender may make the necessary adjustments to meet the QoS requirements at the receiver. However, when the sender does not get such information, it may erroneously consider that the link performance has fallen below a certain threshold, or that the connection has been broken, even if its link with the receiver is adequate.
New services requiring stricter QoS parameters (e.g., high data rates; increased throughput; faster connection times; fewer lost packets, reduced packet delay; lower delay jitter) may be significantly reduced at the service level if an end-to-end connection comprising multiple radio link elements cannot be guaranteed or maintained.
In 7 of 2019, 3GPP issues a Study report entitled "Study on RAN-Centric Data Collection and Utilization for LTE and NR" and agrees to support new work items for SON and MDT for NR. The research and work project aims to develop standardized data collection solutions that help operators deploy and optimize 5G networks and cope with the increase in complexity, support for different vertical domains and use cases, split architecture of the gNB, and many other new functions of 5G. 3GPP Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) have been standardized since release 10 to provide optimization tools for network operators in a cost-effective manner. MDT supports two different modes: instant and log. The logged MDT is a process in which the UE records the measurement results and then reports the recorded measurement results. This is illustrated in fig. 13, where a base station (labeled "gNB") sends a set or series of configuration instructions or commands to a particular device (labeled "UE") in the network. The device then performs, records and reports certain measurements to the base station, depending on the configuration sent by the base station. It should be noted that in current SOTA MDT, a network via a serving base station is configuring a single given device. It should further be noted that although the configuration procedure is performed when both network entities (e.g. "gNB" and "UE") are in RRC connected state, the "UE" performs measurements and recordings when it is in RRC inactive state or RRC idle state and reports when it is again in RRC connected state.
An example of a known minimization of drive tests is shown in fig. 17, wherein a base station sends configuration commands to a UE, which then performs, logs and reports certain measurements.
The immediate MDT refers to measurement performed by the UE in a connected state, and the measurement may be reported at the time of reporting. For immediate MDT, according to [15], the following measurement labeled by M is supported.
● M1: DL semaphore measurement results for serving cell and intra/inter RAT neighbor cells including NR cell only cell/beam level measurement [16]
● M2: power headroom measurement for UE [17].
● M3: received interference power measurement
● M4: data volume measurement per DRB per UE for DL and UL [18]
● M5: average UE throughput measurement by gNB for DL and UL (for DL, per UE and per DRB, per UE and per UE per DRB, [18] respectively
● M6: packet delay measurements [18] and [19] for DL and UL, respectively, per DRB per UE
● M7: packet loss rate measurements [18] and [19] for DL and UL, respectively, per DRB per UE
● M8: RSSI measurements of the UE (for WLAN/Bluetooth measurements) [20].
● M9: RTT measurement of UE (for WLAN measurement) [20].
The measurement collection trigger may be event triggered (e.g., M1) or may be the end of the measurement collection period (e.g., M3-M9) [15].
Further, in the case of Radio Link Failure (RLF), NR RLF report contents required for MDT include:
● The latest radio measurement results of the serving cell and the adjacent cell include SSB/CSI-RS indexes and related measurements of the serving cell and the adjacent cell.
The measurement quantities are ordered by the same RS type according to availability, according to the following priorities: RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR.
● WLAN and bluetooth measurements, if already configured before RLF, and available for reporting;
-when T311 expires, a "no suitable cell found" flag;
-an indication of each SSB/CSI-RS beam reporting whether it is configured for RLM purposes;
-available sensor information;
-available detailed location information;
● RACH failure report (if the cause of RLF is random access problem or beam failure recovery failure):
-in time order of the attempts, the SSB index of the attempt and the number of random access preambles transmitted for each attempted SSB;
the contention detected from RACH attempts;
-an indication of whether the selected SSB is above or below an RSRP threshold SSB threshold, based on the RACH attempt;
-the UE performs TAC of the cell for RA procedure;
-frequency location related information of RA resources used by the UE according to TS 37.820.
For logged MDT, the network sends the logged measurement configuration to the UE in connected mode, and then the UE collects measurements in RRC idle/inactive state. When the UE restarts the RRC connection, the UE first sends an indication of availability to the network, and then the network may instruct the UE to send measurements, as indicated in [ TR37.816 ].
The logged MDT process handles measurement configuration, measurement collection, reporting, and context handling. The measurement configuration specifies periodic and event-based triggers (e.g., measurement-based event L1, out-of-coverage detection trigger for logged MDT procedures, which recording interval is configurable and determines periodic recordings of available data, such as time stamps, location information), and recording duration. Optionally, the periodic measurement trigger is accompanied by a configuration of the cell ID (i.e. PCI) and the recording frequency for neighbor cell measurements. If the results are available, the UE need only record and report the measurement results for the configured frequency.
The recording configuration based on event and periodic DL pilot strength recording measurements can be independently configured. . Only one type of event can be configured for the UE.
When a logging area is configured, log MDT measurements are performed as long as the UE is within this logging area. If a recording area is configured, log MDT measurements are performed as long as the RPLMN is part of the MDT PLMN list. When the UE is not within the logging area or the RPLMN is not part of the MDT PLMN list, logging is suspended, i.e. logging measurement configuration and logging is kept, but measurement results are not logged.
For downlink pilot strength measurements, the logged measurement reports include the measurement results (measurement quantities) of the serving cell, available UE measurements performed in idle or inactive state for intra-frequency/inter-RAT, time stamps, and location information.
In NR, in addition to the measurement quantity of the camping cell, the best beam index (SSB index) and best beam RSRP/RSRQ are recorded, as well as the "good beam number" associated with the cell within the R-value range of the highest ranked cell (configured by the network for cell reselection) as part of the beam level measurement. The sensor measurements (if available) are recorded.
For WLAN and bluetooth measurement recordings, the recorded measurement reports consist of WLAN and bluetooth measurements, respectively.
The number of neighbor cells to record is limited by a fixed upper limit for each frequency of each category below. If available, the UE should record measurements of neighboring cells, at most (e.g.):
-6, for intra-frequency neighbouring cells;
-3 for inter-frequency neighbor cells;
-3 for NR (if not serving) neighbor cells;
-32 for WLAN APs;
-32 for bluetooth beacons.
For NR, EUTRA, WLAN and bluetooth, the measurement report of the neighboring cell consists of:
-physical cell identity of the recorded cell;
-a carrier frequency;
RSRP and RSRQ for EUTRA and NR;
-RSSI and RTT for WLAN APs;
RSSI for bluetooth beacons.
For each MDT measurement, the UE includes a relative timestamp. The basic unit of time information in the logged MDT report is seconds. In the log, the time stamp indicates a point of time when the periodic record timer expires. The time stamps are counted in seconds from the moment the recorded measurement configuration is received at the UE, with respect to the absolute time stamp received in the configuration. The absolute timestamp is the current network time when the logged MDT is configured to the UE.
The location information is based on available location information in the UE. Thus, the UE marks the logged MDT measurements with location data in the following manner:
-always include in EUTRAN, UTRAN or NR the ECGI, cell Id or NCGI of the serving cell at the time of measurement, respectively;
-including detailed location information (e.g. GNSS location information) if available in the UE at the time of making the measurement. If detailed location information is available, the report should include latitude and longitude. Altitude, uncertainty, and confidence may be additionally included depending on availability. The UE marks the available detailed location information only once in the upcoming measurement sample and then discards the detailed location information. That is, the validity of the detailed location information is implicitly assumed to be one logging interval;
For NR, sensor information (i.e. uncompensated barometric pressure measurement, UE speed and UE direction) may be included if available in the UE at the time the measurement is made.
Neighbor cell measurement information provided by the UE may be used to determine the location (RF fingerprint) of the UE.
Depending on the availability of location information, the measurement log/report includes:
-time information, RF measurements, RF fingerprints; or (b)
Time information, RF measurements, detailed location information (e.g., GNSS location information);
time information, RF measurements, detailed location information, sensor information.
In addition to MDT, SON study item TR37.816 also determines a specific area for developing new functions that will further help operators:
capacity and coverage optimisation
PCI selection
Mobility optimization
Load sharing and load balancing optimization
RACH optimization
Energy saving
Therefore, wireless communication with high reliability is required.
It is therefore an object of these aspects of the invention to provide reliable communication.
A first insight of the present invention is that in a scenario where bi-directional communication is allowed, a device measures radio link parameters and by generating a measurement report from the obtained results, and by sending the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network, the wireless communication network can be provided with detailed knowledge about the effects that occur on the wireless communication, allowing it to determine the root cause of the reduced communication. Thus, high reliability of wireless communication can be obtained.
According to a first recognized embodiment, a device configured to operate in a bi-directional wireless communication network in a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode during a first time interval and in a second mode of operation in which the device performs at most passive communication during a different second time interval is implemented such that in the first mode of operation the device is configured to obtain a set of measurements comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters of the wireless communication network. The apparatus is configured to generate a measurement report comprising a set of results having at least one of the set of measurements and to send the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network. This allows to obtain measurements obtained when the device is in connected mode, and thus measurements can be obtained during communication/transmission performed with the device.
A second insight of the present invention is that the log or stored number of measurement results facilitates evaluating links in the wireless communication network operated by the device itself and/or by generating measurement reports to include information about at least one instance of measurement results obtained prior to a link degradation event that resulted in degradation of the wireless link, wherein the measurement reports are sent after the link degradation event. That is, the radio link parameters are related to the device's own link and/or refer to the time before the link degradation event, or are allowed all the way thereafter. The link degradation event may be any event that results in a degradation of link quality and/or even a failure of a link. This event may be related to the radio link itself, e.g. the device moving out of coverage or being temporarily blocked, or the battery being exhausted, etc., but may also have external effects, e.g. a storm displacing and/or breaking the antenna, a newly built building, etc.
According to an embodiment, according to a second insight, a device configured for operation in at least a first mode of operation in a two-way wireless communication network, in which first mode of operation the device is in a connected mode, is configured for transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals and obtaining a plurality of measurements, the obtaining of the measurements comprising measuring or determining radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network. The device is configured to generate a log to include information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information related to the plurality of measurements. The device is configured to generate a measurement report from the log and to send the measurement report to at least one entity of the wireless communication network. The radio link parameters are associated with a link on which the device operates and/or the device is configured to generate a measurement report so as to include information about at least one instance of a measurement result obtained prior to a link degradation event that causes degradation of the wireless link and to send the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network after the link degradation event. This allows the device to monitor its own links and/or report measurements, which may allow or support the network to retrospectively determine information about link degradation events, providing information that may be used in the learning process of future events.
Further embodiments relate to configuring, instructing or requesting devices to perform measurements, allowing measurement results to be generated and obtained on demand.
Further embodiments relate to wireless communication networks, to methods and computer program products for operating the apparatuses described herein.
Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
the following embodiments relate to the details of measuring or determining a wireless communication network. Some of these details may be referred to as radio link parameters. Radio link parameters may be understood as parameters related to or related to the radio link. For example, a device according to embodiments described herein may be configured to measure or determine radio link parameters as at least one of the in-link parameters, e.g., information related to packet error rate, throughput, automatic repeat request count (ARQ), and/or hybrid automatic repeat request count (HARQ). Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to measure or determine radio link parameters as the countermeasure link parameters, e.g. information about Cross Link Interference (CLI), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), adjacent Channel Leakage Rate (ACLR), and/or saturation. Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to measure or determine radio link parameters as signal power, signal quality, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to measure or determine radio link parameters as out-of-link parameters, e.g. information indicative of the signal power of the signal, e.g. as a function of frequency (including bandwidth), time, resource blocks, beams, cell identity, direction information, such as e.g. departure angle (AoD) and/or arrival angle (AoA) with respect to a particular TX-beam and/or RX-beam. That is, the radio link parameters may refer to parameters of the links of which the device is a part, parameters of different links, and/or parameters of links that are not considered to affect the device.
For example, the device may be configured to measure or determine at least one of: PHY layer parameters such as Bit Error Rate (BER), block error rate (BLER), one or more modulation coding scheme levels (MCS levels), RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, SINR of the measured beam (e.g., on a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), channel State Information (CSI) -Reference Signal (RS), sounding Reference Signal (SRS), etc.), SSB, beam numbering on CSI-RS and/or SRS. Alternatively or in addition to the PHI layer parameters, higher layer parameters may be measured, such as the number or ID of the serving or connecting cell, information indicating the cell observed by the device, latency of the communication, jitter and/or throughput of data, as radio link parameters. Alternatively or additionally, it is useful at either end of the link (i.e. the transmitter and/or receiver) as the radio link parameters may contain information suitable for optimizing or assisting the bi-directional communication in a way that provides supplemental information. The radio link parameters may for example relate to receiver related signals or parameters, such as those explained.
Alternatively or additionally, the radio link parameters may relate to signals or parameters related to the transmitter. While the parameters related to the receiver may be obtained by measurements made at the receiver, for example, the parameters related to the transmitter may be obtained by signaling, e.g., performed by the transmitter or an entity having knowledge about the parameters used by the transmitter. Examples of such transmitter/transmission related signals or parameters and configurations may be
● Signal: such as embedded Reference Signals (RS), control signals, user plane signals, and/or other reference signals;
● The transmission related signals may include, but are not limited to:
a digital signal to be subjected to digital transmission processing before conversion from a digital signal domain to an analog signal domain;
digital or analog control signals applied to beam shaping such as phase shifters, delay lines, attenuators, etc.;
the measured or acquired signal, a parameter from the transmitter chain, such as a feedback signal for a Digital Predistortion (DPD) circuit/control of self-interference compensation (SIC) for self-channel and/or adjacent channel interference cancellation/suppression or spurious emissions or out-of-band (OOB) radiation and/or Adjacent Channel Leakage (ACLR) etc.
● Transmission parameters such as cell ID, carrier frequency, beamforming weights, antenna parameters, etc
● Radio configuration parameters such as minimum, maximum or actual number of retransmissions, one or more selected antenna panels, used or scheduled time and frequency resources, transmit scheduling information, transmission grants, uplink (UL) -Downlink (DL) time and frequency relationships, e.g., for closed loop control messages, CFO precompensation (CFO: center/carrier frequency offset), etc
● Speed, geographical location, direction of entity/device or antenna panel and/or even non-radio link parameters described below.
While the receiver-related parameters or signals may be obtained by measurement, the transmitter-related parameters, signals or configurations may also be accessed or reported, i.e., the measurement itself may not be required. Some embodiments refer to measuring devices and/or measuring radio link parameters or other parameters. These embodiments are directed to determining a device and determining a radio link parameter, respectively, based on reporting signals, parameters and/or configurations associated with the transmitter.
The transmission related signals may be forwarded and stored, for example, before or during the transmission process, but may also be forwarded and stored after the transmission process, and/or separately or together with further information, parameters facilitating a later analysis.
In addition to the purely digital available data, parameters and settings, the transmission signal can be mined, measured and recorded at any stage of the transmission chain. Suitable measurement capabilities may be provided by separate receiver/sensing means or by using/sharing an embedded receive chain or some portion thereof for signal detection, acquisition and further processing, including recording, analysis and/or reporting.
In view of the mentioned radio configuration parameters, in particular UL/DL relations, such relations and/or relations between consecutively received/transmitted signals may be measured/indicated/recorded/reported/retransmitted, e.g. for subsequent post-event analysis or during an ongoing self-repair/optimization procedure before entering a critical event phase.
The relationship between UL-DL or the relationship between a message or setting in one direction (unidirectional transmission/communication message, event, set relative pointer/reference) and two directions (bidirectional transmission/communication message, event, set relative pointer/reference) may alternatively or additionally be part of such a relationship to be analyzed. Thus, a wireless communication system according to an embodiment may be configured to analyze a relationship between messages or settings in one direction, e.g., a unidirectional transmitted/communicated message, an event, a relative pointer/reference to a setting) and/or a relationship between messages or settings in two directions, e.g., a bidirectional transmitted/communicated message, an event, a relative pointer/reference to a setting.
Further, such cross-references may be extended with multi-hop communication protocols, where the cross-references may reach from one part of the serial link to another. Thus, a wireless communication system according to an embodiment may be configured to analyze a relationship so as to include a cross-reference between at least a first hop and a second hop of a multi-hop link.
Thus, a wireless communication system according to an embodiment may analyze a radio communication link in relation to wireless communication link parameters at least at three ends of a single ended communication link, a first end and a second end of a communication link, and/or a communication link of a multi-hop link.
Thus, a wireless communication system according to embodiments may be configured for self-healing/optimization process deadlines, e.g., after and/or before a link degradation event, analyzing relationships involving one or more of: an Uplink (UL) -Downlink (DL) relationship; a relationship between the consecutively received signals; and a relationship between the continuously transmitted signals.
Embodiments described herein relate to measuring, recording, and/or reporting. The description relating to the described embodiments relates to an MLRD representing a measuring, recording and reporting device. In this respect, recording is a possible embodiment, however, it is not mandatory, in particular when the measurements made are transmitted directly or immediately. However, alternatively or additionally, implementations allowing the generation of a log that is used as a basis for measurement reports are not precluded.
The present embodiments provide link, system and/or network improvements by allowing accurate historical knowledge about the cause of link degradation to be obtained. Embodiments allow such knowledge to be made available, accessible and available. In known wireless networks, the data required to determine the cause of link degradation is neither available nor accessible nor available. Embodiments provide mechanisms and processes by which parameters, events, commands, and instructions are observed, recorded, and reported. These observations or measurements and their recordings and reports may be made in one or both of the link directions and at one or both ends of the link. Furthermore, link measurements, logging and reporting may be performed before the link is established, during an active link connection and after the link has degraded to a certain threshold and/or when the connection is lost, which information provides great advantages in reestablishing the cause of the degradation. Providing such reports may not only improve the quality of service for a given link, but may also improve overall network performance.
As an example, some network devices or entities may be used to provide end-to-end connections, where the quality of service between link units may vary. Thus, observations, recordings, and reports of inter-link quality of service may allow for assessment of root causes of end-to-end performance degradation. Devices may be suitably equipped to report or exchange information after a link re-establishment, either during a link or after a link failure. This insight into the impact of the underlying root cause enables improved inter-device performance and interaction in future connections. Furthermore, coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) and energy saving improvements can be obtained. Thus, the deficiencies of the known concepts in enhancing the performance of 5G and beyond multi-beam communication network systems are addressed.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 11 according to an embodiment. The device 11 may be realized, for example, according to a first recognition of the invention. The apparatus 11 is configured to operate in a bi-directional wireless communication network in a first mode of operation during a first time interval and in a second, different, mode of operation during a second time interval. The second time interval may be before or after the first time interval. During a first time interval, the device 11 may be in a connected mode, wherein the device exhibits active communication. For example, such a mode may be referred to as an RRC connected state (rrc=radio resource control). In this mode of operation, the device may be scheduled with resources of the wireless communication network, allowing the device to transmit information, e.g., for transmitting downlink signals if the device is implemented as a base station, or for transmitting uplink signals if the device is a participant of the network, e.g., a User Equipment (UE). In a first mode of operation, the device is capable of participating in two-way communications. However, the device is not necessarily a UE transmitting or receiving signals, the device is a base station or the like. That is, the first mode of operation allows bi-directional communication when compared to broadcast or multicast scenarios where the device listens only (receiver) or transmits only (transmitter).
In contrast to the first mode of operation, in the second mode of operation, the device may be implemented to perform at most passive communications, such as RRC inactive and/or RRC idle modes. In such a mode, the device may be part of a network, but may not perform active communication or transmit information.
In a first mode of operation, the device is configured to obtain a set 15 of measurements 15 i . To obtain the measurement result, the device 11 may measure a radio link parameter 17 of the wireless communication network. Measuring radio link parameters 17 may include using one or more sensors of device 11 and/or evaluating wireless signals received and/or transmitted, for example, through the use of wireless interface or antenna arrangement 22.
Thus, the device is configured to obtain a set 15 of measurements in connected mode. The device 11 is further configured for generating a measurement report 19, i.e. information comprising a set of results of at least one measurement result having a set 15 of measurement results. The measurement report 19 may at least partially contain similar information as compared to the report 32. The device 11 is configured for transmitting measurement reports 19, e.g. using wireless signals 23. The measurement report 19 may be transmitted to an entity of the wireless communication network.
Although the group 15 may be obtained by measuring the radio link parameters 17 such that the result 15 i At least one of (i=1..4., N; n+.1) represents a measured radio link parameter, but the measurement report may be included as a result not necessarily representing the radio link parameter. For example, additional measurements may be performed by the device 11, and these additional measurements or at least one of their results may be incorporated into the measurement report 19. For example, the content of the measurement report 19 is based on a request received with the wireless device 11 prior to generating the measurement report 19. The device 11 may be configured to collect measurement results and/or sets 15 based on the request such that the device 11 reports different information although the radio link parameters 17 can be measured. That is, the device 11 may be configured to obtain a set 15 of measurements by measuring at least one non-radio link parameter related to the operation of the wireless communication network. The measurement report 19 may be generated by the device 11 to include information indicative of non-radio link parameters. Examples of one or more such non-radio link parameters that device 11 may measure include:
● Acoustic parameters such as sound, ultrasound, sound pressure level, etc
● Vibration parameters, such as amplitude and/or acceleration
● Seismic parameters
● Chemical parameters, e.g. the materials, substances or compounds present, and molecules, electrical parameters, such as induced voltage, current and/or electromotive force
● Electromagnetic parameters, such as electric and/or magnetic fields
● Dielectric parameters
● Radio parameters, related to parameters measured at radio frequencies, e.g. at least 3 hz to higher frequencies, e.g. at most 300 ghz. Such radio parameters may include, for example, measurements of power spectral density over a given frequency range. Thus, the radio parameters may be related to different parameters in the mentioned radio frequencies, even if the parameters do not form part of the radio link
● Radar parameters
● Environmental parameters such as weather parameters, moisture content, humidity and/or visibility
● Flow-related parameters such as fluid velocity, gas flow, etc
● Parameters of ionizing radiation
● Parameters related to sub-atomic particles
● Position-related parameters, such as position, angle, displacement, distance, velocity and/or acceleration
● Optical parameters such as color, wavelength and/or size of light
● Imaging parameters
● Laser radar parameters
● Photon parameters
● Pressure parameter
● Force parameter
● Density parameter
● A level parameter, wherein level may be understood as a parameter related to a hydrographic property (such as sea level, river level, etc.), but may also be related to a level in the sense of a straight line (horizontal, vertical, at a given angle or inclination), which level may be used to determine if a mast or antenna structure, etc. is offset due to environmental effects, and/or a level related to altitude related to, for example, an on-board network device (or a self-powered device sliding down the side of a tree, mountain, or other installation structure)
● Thermal parameters, such as heat and/or temperature
● Proximity parameters, such as presence or absence of body or object
● Information indicative of potential, suspicious or known aggressors from the perspective of a wireless communication, such as an interferer.
That is, the device 11 may be configured to measure radio link parameters and non-radio link parameters. As indicated, the measurement report may contain information related to non-radio link parameters, while, optionally, the measurement report 19 is formed without radio link parameters. Such information may provide knowledge to the network by including information that is not necessarily directly related to radio link parameters. For example, a storm may shift the antennas of a base station. The information indicative of or related to such an event may form at least part of a measurement report allowing the network or higher layer entity to determine the root cause of a bad link or link failure or network reconfiguration, as the network itself is not subject to bad conditions, but external influences cause other effects, e.g. malpositioned antennas.
In a scenario where the device 11 is configured to generate a measurement report so as to include information indicative of non-radio link parameters and not radio link parameters, the device may be configured to not measure radio link parameters, e.g. for that particular measurement report, and when generating the measurement report. This may allow for savings in computing resources and/or battery power.
The device 11 may be configured to measure radio link parameters and/or non-radio link parameters and to generate measurement reports in order to report information of the measurements. For example, the measurement report may contain a single instance of one or more parameters. For example, the device may be configured to measure a plurality of parameters including radio link parameters in order to obtain a plurality of measurement results, i.e. the group 15 may comprise a plurality of results 15 relating to different measurement parameters i . The device 11 may be configured for communicationA subset of the plurality of measurements available or recorded is selected for a set of measurements to be included in the measurement report to generate the measurement report. In other words, the device may perform the measurement, but may report only a portion thereof, e.g., based on the result of the request or based on its own decision at the device. However, according to embodiments, the device performs the measurement (at least in part) in accordance with the received request, which may reduce measurement overhead.
The device 11 may be configured for selecting a subset of measurement results from the group 15 to be included in the measurement report based on the received selection signal. The selection signal may indicate parameters that are required to be measured and/or reported by the device. For example, the selection signal may be a request and/or a configuration signal received from another network entity.
The device 11 may be configured to generate the measurement report 19 as an instant report, but may alternatively or additionally also be configured to generate the measurement report as a report of the logged measurements. That is, the device 11 may store one or more measurement results and may invoke those results, e.g., from an internal memory or the like, in order to generate the measurement report 19, e.g., when a trigger event occurs. While instant reporting allows for low latency between ongoing measurements and the time that information is available at the network, logging may allow for low network loading by accumulating information and/or by transmitting information when a triggering event has occurred. The device 11 may be configured to generate a measurement report 19 so as to include information indicative of radio link parameters and time information related to measured radio link parameters. This may allow comparing the measurement results with measurement results received from different entities, possibly including a common clock, and/or associating the measurement results with received external or additional information.
The time may relate to a time reference of the device, different time references in the wireless communication network, and/or a combination of multiple time references.
The information associated with time may relate to absolute and/or relative time measurements and may include information indicative of coherence time, e.g., coherence time, time variation, fluctuation, and/or time drift of a time reference grid.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a second recognized device 20 according to the invention. Device 20 may be as device 11, referred to as an MLRD. The device 20 may be configured to operate in a two-way wireless communication network in at least the first mode of operation described in connection with fig. 5. In a first mode of operation, the device 20 is configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and obtain a plurality of measurements 15 1 To 15 N . Obtaining the measurement results may include measurement of radio link parameters, e.g., radio link parameters 17 1 . The device 20 is configured for generating a log 25 to include information derived from and with the plurality of measurements 15 i Related time information 27 i 。
Optionally, further information may be included, for example, information indicating the type of sensor, the class of parameter, etc. The device 20 may be configured for generating a measurement report, e.g. a measurement report 19, from the log, and for transmitting the measurement report 19 to at least one entity of the wireless communication network, e.g. a usage signal 23. Radio link parameters 17 1 May be associated with a link that the device operates on, wherein the link may be a unidirectional link or a bidirectional link. Alternatively or additionally, the device 20 is configured for generating the measurement report 19 so as to comprise information about at least one time instance of the measurement result obtained before a link degradation event leading to degradation of the radio link operated by the device.
The device 20 may record the measurement or measurements. Device 20 may report the measurement results after the link degradation event to an entity of the wireless communication network. For example, a link degradation event may include or may cause a link failure. The device 20 may transmit the measurement report 19 after reestablishing the link. When the evaluation has passed, the wireless network may still benefit from such information, as it may correlate the information contained in the measurement report with knowledge about the faults in the network. For example, the device 20 may be configured for generating the measurement report 19 so as to include information about at least one instance of the measurement result obtained before a link degradation event that causes degradation of the wireless link, and for transmitting the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network after the link degradation event. For example, in the event that the link degradation event is an event that causes a wireless link, i.e., a link of device 20 or a link of a different device, to face a wireless link failure or at least a temporary link outage that causes a wireless link outage over a period of time or interval of time, the device may report on its capabilities. For example, if its own link is broken, it may be reported after the link is re-established or after the direct link is established. If the link of the different device is affected, it can report without self-interference. Device 20 may be configured to generate log 25 and report the log only when a predetermined trigger event occurs. The trigger event may include a received request, link degradation, or any other trigger factor, such as an elapsed time interval or other condition.
Embodiments are particularly directed to events and/or combinations of events that are sources for generating measurement reports or different versions of measurement reports. For example, different parameters reaching, exceeding or falling below a threshold may reach different measurement reports to be reported. Any other combination is possible. That is, the device may be configured to transmit measurement reports automatically or upon request after link degradation. However, the request is not limited to being received after link degradation, but may be received at any time.
The device 20 may be configured to record measurements, i.e. generate logs 25, in a state of being active (first mode of operation), inactive or idle (e.g. a state at least comparable to the second mode of operation of the device 11) in the wireless communication network.
The device 20 may be configured to include at least an action in the wireless network determined by the device in the measurements indicated in the measurement report 19, as such an action may be associated by the network with a link degradation event
● Device identification instructions
● Request for device identification
● Commands and/or device identification
● Configuration of the device and/or other devices.
Such information may provide the network directly or indirectly with a more global or global overview of parameters affecting the network. Although described in connection with device 20, device 11 may be adapted accordingly.
Device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to record measurements in at least one of the following ways: a continuous mode; timed, e.g., at low, high, or dynamic speeds; possibly configurable; a sequential manner, an ordered manner; the required mode; a window mode; the manner of indication; an event-based manner, a trigger-based manner; a threshold-based manner, e.g., recording parameters when a threshold is below, reached, or exceeded; and/or programmatic or scripted means.
That is, although logging is described in connection with device 20, device 11 may be implemented to generate logs accordingly. Vice versa, the measurements as described for device 11 may also be performed at device 20, such that one or more features described in connection with devices 11, 20, respectively, may be incorporated into devices 20, 11, respectively.
In connection with recording measurements, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to record measurements for measurement reports while recording a header, identifier, marker, or timestamp containing one or more of the following, i.e., additional information:
● Absolute time of
● Relative time of
● Time relative to time slot
● Initiation of frame or service (normal run time)
● Ground speed
● Location, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) or other global navigation satellite system (GNNS) coordinates
● Altitude of sea
● Cell ID for a wireless communication network
● Beam ID of a beam in a wireless communication network
● Antenna patterns related to beams and/or beam IDs
● Cell area
● Service Set Identifier (SSID)
● Internet Service Provider (ISP)
● Path Loss Model (PLM)
● Mobile Network Operator (MNO)
● Radio Access Technology (RAT) connection types such as 5G, 4G, 3G, 2G,Long range navigation (Loran) and/or
● Types of services such as voice over IP (VoIP), video on demand, augmented reality, virtual reality, etc.
Each of these parameters may be related to the device itself and/or may be related to a different device but may be detected by devices 11 and/or 20 and thus may be recordable and/or reportable.
Device 11 and/or device 20 may include or incorporate sensor elements and/or computing units, such as processors or the like, allowing for determination of the respective parameters. Alternatively or additionally, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to receive information indicative of the measurement results from another device, for example using a wired or wireless interface. Devices 11 and/or 20 may be configured to generate logs and/or measurement reports to include received measurements. For example, the received measurements may be stored in a log 25, which may be stored in a memory accessible to the device 20. Alternatively, the received information, e.g., the measurement itself and the time information, may be updated by own time information or the like.
As described, providing the network with information that extends beyond a single wireless link and/or information obtained during a period of time that the device is in the first mode of operation in the bi-directional network increases the ability of the network to detect, correct, and/or avoid interference in the network. Hereinafter, an example of such a procedure is given. In a first example, the VoIP call starts in 4G and switches to 3G 2G, and thus may experience QoS degradation (e.g., in terms of voice quality). If link parameters related to such QoS degradation events are to be recorded at both ends of the link and subsequently post-processed for root cause analysis, the network or UE or service may be reconfigured to improve QoS (in the future). This may be facilitated by optimization, modification and/or adjustment of the required parameters.
In another example, an integrated access and backhaul network (IAB) backhaul link consists of an MM wave component in which a beam forming system is employed and may experience beam misalignment due to wind effects, resulting in QoS degradation or link failure. By deploying an MLRD, such as device 11 and/or 20, at one or both ends of the link, the relevant parameters may be measured and recorded for subsequent analysis and inspection to determine the root cause and then appropriate optimization, correction or adjustment of the required parameters.
MLRD measurements, recordings and reporting can be implemented, adjusted and optimized separately and can be referred to as three separate topics. However, embodiments combine two or more of these, e.g., a combination of measurements and recordings and/or a combination of all three.
Measurement of
The MLRD may measure (QoS) parameters at different layers of the protocol stack. For example:
● PHY layer
Grade o BER, BLER, MCS
RSRP/RSRQ/SNR/SINR of beams measured on SSB, CSI-RS, SRS
Beam numbering on SSB, CSI-RS, SRS;
● L3/high-level reporting
Cell for service/connection
Observed cell
Time delay of O
O jitter
Throughput o
The parameters may be selected individually or in groups, and the groups may be predefined or defined dynamically. The measurement settings may include an effective area and an effective period. The measured values are marked or described by quality indicators (e.g., precision, accuracy, reliability, resolution). QoS measurements depend on device capabilities (including super UEs).
The MLRD with certain capabilities may be configured to establish and maintain links associated with defined QoS for a configured period of time to probe/test/enable/investigate link behavior/performance at a specific time instance/location/condition, unlike known MDT minimization of drive tests.
The MLRD is able to measure parameters within the link between it and another (network) entity, other entities that may affect or oppose its link, or outside any link. Examples of intra-link or intra-link monitoring include performance metrics such as Packet Error Rate (PER), throughput, automatic repeat request (ARQ) count, and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) count. Examples of antagonistic-link monitoring include performance metrics such as cross-link interference (CLI), signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), adjacent Channel Leakage Rate (ACLR), and saturation. Finally, when the MLRD is measuring a parameter related to a link between two other entities, and the MLRD itself is not any of these entities, and is therefore not part of the link, it can be said that the MLRD is eavesdropping or eavesdropping on the active link. In this case, the MLRD, which is referred to as out-of-link, may measure signal power as a function of frequency (including bandwidth), time, resource blocks, beams, cell identity, direction information, aoD, aoA, etc.
Further MLRD measurement capabilities may include the following categories: acoustic, sound, ultrasonic, vibration, earthquake; chemistry; current, electromotive force, electromagnetic, dielectric, radio, radar; environment, weather, moisture content, humidity, visibility; flow, fluid velocity; a gas; ionizing radiation, subatomic particles; position, angle, displacement, distance, speed, acceleration; optical, light, imaging, lidar, photon; pressure; force, density, grade; heat, temperature; proximity, presence. These may help to summarize the root cause of link degradation within a link.
To illustrate some of the measurement categories described above, the following examples are given:
ground networks typically include base stations and antenna arrangements arranged to provide the coverage and capacity required for a given geographical area. The base station antennas may be deployed on masts or towers, or on existing structures such as buildings, towers, and water towers. Due to the effects of severe weather conditions (e.g., storms), earthquakes or natural disasters (e.g., avalanches, storm snow, earthquakes, fires (in the field), floods, chilblain, heat waves, hurricanes, landslides, lightning strikes, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions), the location and orientation of the base station antennas may change or the antennas may be damaged, thereby affecting coverage. Measurement data collected from sensors (e.g., acoustic, ultrasonic, vibration, seismic, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, wind, humidity, visibility, gas, location, angle, displacement, heat) may be used to alert a network or base station to upcoming disturbances or analyzed after performance degradation is detected. Another example is: data obtained from chemical sensors designed to measure gas levels (such as carbon dioxide) can be used to evaluate volcanic eruptions and forest fires; data obtained from vibration, acoustic or seismic sensors can be used to evaluate earthquakes, storms, earthquakes, avalanches and landslides; and the data obtained from the electrical and electromagnetic sensors may be used to determine lightning strikes.
The MLRD measurement of time may be relative to the MLRD's own time reference or another time reference (e.g., from another BTS, UE, MLRD or non-network entity), or as a combination of multiple time references. The MLRD absolute and relative time measurements may include coherence time (of the time reference grid), amplitude of variation, fluctuations and drift.
One or more MLRDs may be used for spectrum scanning and observation outside the channel or link of interest. Likewise, MLRD may be used to locate the direction of the radiation source, including interference.
Recording
The MLRD record may be configured in active, inactive and idle modes. For example, the blank pilots of the neighbor cells and the serving cell of the CLI are measured.
The MLRD is also able to record actions, instructions, requests and commands and configurations in all three use cases described above (i.e., intra-link, contrast-link and out-link).
The MLRD records or logs the measurements in a continuous, timed (low speed, high speed, dynamic speed), sequential, command, request, window, indication, event-based/trigger-based/threshold-based or programmed/script manner. In event triggered cases, the MLRD may perform actions in a semi-autonomous or fully autonomous manner. The measurement data may be recorded as is or "raw", uncompressed, compressed, averaged (running average/window), statistically processed or subtracted (first order, second order statistics), or otherwise filtered. In addition, the measurement data may be recorded separately or as part of a defined group.
The MLRD may record the selection of the measured (QoS) parameters, as well as a header, identifier, marker, timestamp containing one or more of the following: absolute time; relative time; time, frame, or start of service (normal run time) relative to a slot; ground speed; location (GPS/GNSS coordinates); height of the steel plate; a cell ID; a cell area; SSID; ISP; PLM; MNO; RAT connection type (5G, 4G, 3G, 2G, wiFi, bluetooth, LORAN); types of services (VoIP, video on demand, augmented reality, virtual reality).
The MLRD data may be opened, locked, or otherwise secured, such as by using blockchain principles to limit unauthorized access, tampering, or other forms of forgery.
The MLRD measurement depth (sampling interval, granularity) may be set according to parameters or KPI requirements.
Additional MLRD parameter measurements and observations are not limited to include: potential, suspicious or known aggressors and predators; as well as environmental conditions, disturbances or variations (e.g., proximity to electrical/dielectric objects).
Furthermore, when an MLRD operates in an autonomous or semi-autonomous manner, it may record or log measurements that another MLRD is making, thereby acting as a proxy recorder. Measurement and logging may require a handshake procedure to provide validation for logging, e.g. consider a sample set or filter a sample set (log validation procedure).
The MLRD may identify events and send commands/notifications to other MLRDs to trigger measurements and/or recordings and/or reports. This command/notification may contain explicit instructions, for example, what and how to measure, the time of the event (time of day) and/or the kind/classification of the event. Furthermore, the validity of the activation period, the required measurement/recording/reporting may be a further content of the command/notification. The signaling procedure of the command/notification should include confirmation of execution, etc., as well as fallback options if the command/notification is not received and/or some action required cannot be successfully performed.
Reporting
The MLRD report may be sent periodically, continuously, on demand, repeatedly, according to a schedule, at a specific time, proactively, autonomously, automatically. The MLRD report may be orchestrated by higher network entities, events, or situations, or triggered by parameter thresholds or certain events (e.g., the drone should send connection and flight related reports to the network after an accident).
When MLRDS detects a link failure at both ends of the link, one or both ends should automatically or on demand provide a "before and during" link failure report to the other end after the link/connection is re-established.
Here, the MLRD reports via a secondary measurement/reporting channel, a dedicated physical/logical reporting channel, or a dedicated MNO/inter-PLMN physical/logical reporting channel, if available. Depending on the channel being used, the MLRD uses the appropriate signaling structure and format, which includes all necessary encryption, compression, encoding, and security measures. The transmission of MLRD reports may be timed, ordered, required, indicated, event-based/trigger-based/threshold-based (e.g., upon return to home), or programmed. The MLRD sends its report to at least one of a network entity, a communication partner, a next member of a defined group, a base station, a Mobile Network Operator (MNO), a server running on top (see below), a higher-level authority (e.g., a regulatory agency), an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), or a service provider.
The MLRD may report all recorded data sets, including selected parameters or KPI dimensions, information or conclusions during a given period (time window), or a subset of its data sets.
The MLRD report may be one direction (e.g., UE-to-network or network-to-UE) or both directions. Further, a third entity or other device or entity in the network may be the source and/or destination of such reports. If the report destination is not defined, the report may be sent in any direction away from the reporting MLRD. The number of "away from me" hops may be counted and limited according to configuration, including avoiding loops or "returning to the origin".
As an example, reporting from the network to the UE may enable the UE to detect certain conditions that are susceptible to degradation or failure, thereby causing it to adapt or reconfigure its transmission and/or reception policies so that it can better adapt to such conditions. This may result in a software update by the device OEM. Reporting from the UE to the network side may enable the network to associate parameters with conditional associations so that useful insights and performance improvement configurations/policies may be obtained.
The MLRD does not necessarily report to all devices requesting reporting. Thus, MLRDs adhere to a degree of selection, priority, authority or hierarchy where requests from public safety, law enforcement, lawful interception or regulatory surveys must not be denied. Alternatively, the request to activate the driver may be selectively processed.
The MLRD report should be accompanied by a traceable validity proof. In this case, validity refers to the quality of the measured data, e.g. traceable to a measurement laboratory, a testing facility, a certification facility, etc.
Multiple MLRD operations may require orchestration, where a central entity distributes or distributes measurement commands and tasks to multiple MLRDs. The central entity may be considered as a conductor of an orchestra and thus a node or device in the active link-this may also include the core network "behind" the radio link. The node or device need not be a network entity nor an entity like a Radio Access Technology (RAT). Thus, inter-RAT MLRD is considered to include examples of Wi-Fi, bluetooth, DECT and 3GPP LTE/NR and systems outside of current 5G technology. Further examples include test and measurement (T & M) devices that connect to one or more MLRDs without having to connect to a network.
Multiple MRLDs can operate without orchestration through their autonomous or semi-autonomous functions (educational behavior), and by using appropriate markers, measurement reports can be analyzed afterwards. In this case, the educated behavior is not limited to just: a group intelligent algorithm; an embedded excitation function based on game theory; and post-training pattern observation classification (e.g., using "DNA fingerprints" obtained from the manufacturer).
Examples: imitate or support the behavior of other MLRDs, partially or fully understand what they are doing, and require or autonomously and/or communication between MLRDs and/or with or without a scheduler.
As described, measurement reports may be generated based on received instructions or requests, such that device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to generate measurement reports based on report instruction signals 29 received with the device. The reporting directive signal 29 may comprise information indicating a request to generate a measurement report and/or details about parameters to be measured and/or reported.
Devices 11 and/or 20 may be configured to record the measurement results, i.e., generate log 25. The device may be configured to receive the recording instruction signal 33 and to record the measurement result based on the recording instruction. As discussed with respect to the reporting command signal 29, the recording command signal 33 may include information about the measurements to be taken and recorded, i.e., the time interval, the accuracy, and/or the type of measurement.
The recording instruction signal 33 may include instructions related to at least one of a parameter to be recorded, a parameter not to be recorded, a time interval for performing recording, a number of measurements to be recorded, and a backoff option for one or more thereof. For example, the devices 11, 20 may each include a particular capability to perform measurements and/or logging known to the network, e.g., by explicitly sending signals from the devices to the network and/or by having knowledge of that capability in the network, e.g., sensor capability based on a particular type of device. From these capabilities, the network may select the measurements it needs or requests.
In connection with measuring parameters, e.g. signals related to the receiver, the MLRD may accordingly be instructed to provide signals, parameters and/or configurations related to the transmitter, which information is known or at least accessible to the transmitter itself. Alternatively, or in addition, such information may be requested from a central entity managing these parameters, e.g. from a scheduling node, such as a base station or the like.
Devices 11 and/or 20 may be configured to measure parameters based on parameters indicated in reporting instruction signal 29 and/or recording instruction signal 33. Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to not measure parameters for which the device includes measurement capabilities based on the reporting instruction signal and/or the recording instruction signal. That is, by reporting command signal 29 and/or recording signal 33, a portion of the capabilities of the device may not be selected or deleted from the report and/or recording.
Devices 11 and/or 20 may operate in accordance with the received instructions. However, in the event that signals 29 and/or 33 request a measurement report that exceeds the capabilities or willingness of the device, the device may skip the request or operate at least partially upon the request. For example, the device may exclude the requested measurement that does not have sufficient capability (or energy, etc.) to be implemented or available, but may provide the remainder of the requested information instead of refusing to follow the instruction.
Device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured for determining events related to operation of the wireless communication network and for recording measurements based on the determined events. As discussed, the network may associate a plurality and variety of parameters with the operation of the wireless communication network, i.e., radio link parameters and non-radio link parameters. The specific determination event, i.e. the trigger event, may be predefined by the network. In the event of such an event, the device may operate accordingly to record measurement results and/or transmit measurement reports. Device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to include non-radio link parameters in measurement report 19 and associate with the radio link parameters as described. Device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured for at least one of: generating and transmitting a report instruction signal to another device of the wireless communication network to indicate a request to measure and report at least one parameter; and/or generating and transmitting a recording instruction signal to another device of the wireless communication network to indicate a request to record the at least one parameter. That is, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to receive not only reporting instruction signal 29 and/or recording instruction signal 33, but also to transmit a corresponding signal. For example, device 11 and/or device 20 may determine that additional information and/or measurements are necessary for generating reports and/or that other devices must assist devices 11, 20, respectively, based on internal and/or external evaluations. Thus, devices 10 and/or 20 may request or instruct other devices to assist.
Although embodiments allow measurement reports to be sent only, e.g. in plain text or the like, additional mechanisms may be implemented to allow high security of network operation. For example, the devices described herein may be configured to include validity information in the measurement report 19. The validity information may indicate the validity of the measurement. The validity information may include a traceable validity proof as described above. Alternatively or additionally, the validity may include information indicating that the report is allowed to be transmitted, information indicating the precision or accuracy obtained with the reported measurements, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the validity information may indicate at least one of a time instance or period in which the measurement is made, a resolution or accuracy of the measurement, hardware used for the measurement, a distance from a source of the parameter to be measured, and/or a certificate indicating a trustworthiness of the device.
Including validity information may provide a measure of reliability of the measurement report and information contained therein. This may allow, for example, for selecting information in different measurement reports to evaluate the network status and/or the measures to be taken. For example, when reports generated at different distances from the interfering source are received, the network may decide to select a closer one (e.g., facing a relatively lower number of additional sources on the sensor) or a farther one (e.g., allowing far field scenes as compared to near field scenes).
However, the present embodiment relates to a device configured to protect measurement report content. This may allow avoiding an inadmissible evaluation of the measurement report and/or generation of the inadmissible measurement report. For example, blockchain principles may be used to limit unauthorized access, tampering, or other forms of counterfeiting.
Embodiments relate to providing measurement reports to entities of a wireless communication network. The device according to an embodiment may be configured to transmit the measurement report to at least one of: a network entity, a communication partner, a next member of a defined group, a base station, a Mobile Network Operator (MNO), a server running on top, e.g. a supervising entity, a superordinate authority, such as a regulatory agency, an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and/or a service provider. According to an embodiment, the device is configured for including in the measurement report information indicating a maximum number of forward hops for which the measurement report is requested. This aspect may allow limiting network load caused by measurement reports and/or arriving as outdated measurement reports at the time of convenient reception.
Alternatively or additionally, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to transmit measurement reports based on the respective requests. Such a request may be evaluated by the device for priority information contained in the request. The device may be configured to transmit the measurement report when the priority information indicates a priority of at least a predetermined priority level, and not transmit the measurement report when the priority information indicates a priority of less than the predetermined priority level. As described, the level of selection, priority, rights, or hierarchy may be observed. For example, a low battery MLRD may decide to report only very important (high priority) requests, while allowing itself not to report standard requests, etc. Any other priority or ranking or selection mechanism may be employed, e.g., different device classes. For example, a device accessing a power network or operated by a low priority user (e.g., as compared to emergency services, etc.) may provide a higher number of reports than other devices.
According to embodiments, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to measure radio link parameters of a plurality of cells of a wireless communication network, e.g., at least 46, at least 256, or at least 512 cells. The number of such multiple cells may be adjustable, for example, by a network authority.
According to an embodiment, device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to select a subset of the plurality of measurements to include. That is, the set 15 may be evaluated to select a subset based on one or more criteria. The device may be configured to include a predetermined number of measurements that are ranked according to ranking criteria such as distance, time lapse, signal strength, and reliability. That is, a predefined number of results may be selected that may be referred to as the best results or the most suitable results. Alternatively or additionally, the device may select a measurement result to be included in the measurement report that meets a predetermined selection criterion, such as an optimal result quality. For example, only the results, such as accuracy, age, etc., that at least reach a predetermined quality threshold are included. These two criteria may be combined, e.g. selecting the best measurement, but at most 5, 10, 20, etc.
Device 11 and/or device 20 may be configured to measure at least one parameter, a radio link parameter, and/or a non-radio link parameter during a time interval having a first accuracy and during a different, second time interval having a second accuracy. For example, the device may monitor a particular parameter and may measure with greater accuracy if the parameter is below a predetermined minimum or above a predetermined maximum and/or vice versa, and/or if a trigger event is implemented by a different parameter. This allows coarse information about the measured parameters to be obtained without a triggering event and a higher accuracy to be obtained in the case of a triggering event. Omitting some measurements for lower accuracy may allow performing different tasks and/or saving computational effort and/or power.
Alternatively or additionally, the second time interval resulting in the improved accuracy may be initiated in accordance with a request associated with the wireless communication network. In connection with associating parameters with operation of a wireless communication network, embodiments expand known schemes by allowing a network (e.g., a centralized node, etc.) to associate parameters, non-link parameters with operation of the wireless network.
In other words, the present embodiment allows measurement and recording to be combined.
In the known concept the number of neighbor cells to record is limited by a fixed upper limit per frequency per category below. If available, the UE should record measurements of neighboring cells, at most (example):
-6, for intra-frequency neighbouring cells;
-3 for inter-frequency neighbor cells;
-3 for NR (if not serving) neighbor cells;
-32 for WLAN APs;
-32 for bluetooth beacons.
Embodiments allow for recording "incidents" for post-hoc (e.g., degradation on links) processing or analysis, and allow or prepare configurable recordings. Configurable may include standardized or implementation-specific.
The numbers 3 and 6 listed above appear to be too small for future deployments, so the provision of the specification for configuration is inflexible.
Furthermore, for example, in a factory environment with UDN, many cells can be seen, and in a macroscopic scenario, even without MMIMO, 10 or more cells can be seen. Beamforming techniques can greatly extend the interference range and therefore more cells should be monitored. Furthermore, we should consider UEs on the drone that can observe potentially hundreds of gnbs simultaneously.
Embodiments relate to:
● The values are adjustable and exceed 64+ to 256/512 cells.
● If the number is limited, measurements may be made on the strongest k cells (strongest may refer to total frequency band (average), sub-band, specific beam SSB, CSI-RS, etc.).
The MLRD may measure and record specific values with an "adjustable sampling density (time/frequency/space)" or "maximum hold" according to the ordering order of neighboring cells.
● Furthermore, the selection of the values to be recorded and their combination may be a function of reasoning about "unusual" events, anomaly detection.
● Let us consider a smart way of formulating a causal phrase that can go into the standard.
Embodiments provide an MLRD with time resolution for observation and recording, including sub-second scale of frames/slots/symbols, FFT sampling, and guard time (e.g., TDD switching interval).
Embodiments also allow combinations of measurements, recordings and reports to be obtained.
In known concepts, the recording configuration based on event and periodic DL pilot strength recording measurements can be configured independently. Rather than just one type of event being configurable to the UE, embodiments allow for combinations of events.
The configuration and triggering of measurements, recordings and reports can be extended to an event or combination of events in a causal or non-causal sequence. For example, due to excessive jitter in packet delivery, throughput varies or drops below a given threshold, and DL RSRP, DL RSRQ, and SINR of DL pilots drop below a desired performance level (operating window, etc.).
When the logging area is configured according to known concepts, logged MDT measurements are made as long as the UE is within this logging area. If a recording area is configured, recorded MDT measurements are performed as long as the RPLMN is part of the MDT PLMN list. When the UE is not within the logging area or the RPLMN is not part of the MDT PLMN list, logging is suspended, i.e. logged measurement configuration and logging is preserved, but measurement results are not logged.
According to an embodiment, the measurements may be recorded, but not automatically reported. Alternatively, the measurement results may be recorded with different sampling densities (time/frequency/space).
Roaming PLMNs according to embodiments may limit the configuration of measurement records and reports for MLRDs.
Devices 11 and 20 have been described in connection with MLRD. As discussed, such measurements may be performed autonomously, or by decisions made by the respective devices, and/or in response to triggering events. Alternatively, the trigger may even be configured by a different device and/or so-called orchestrated measurements may be performed. In such measurements, the network node or distributed set of nodes may decide on parameters and/or information to be collected within the network. Such devices may instruct or request other devices, such as MLRDs, to assist in measurements and report their measurements. Such a requesting device may select which device is requested to perform which measurement. Alternatively or additionally, such selection may be made per group, e.g., based on the type of device requested, the operator operating the device, and/or capability information provided implicitly or explicitly to the network by the device. Alternatively or in addition to single or packet requests, global requests may also be transmitted.
Some of the embodiments are described herein as providing information to any node or entity in a network to optimize its operation, embodiments are not limited thereto and also allow for enhanced point-to-point communications, where a link between a transmitter/transceiver is used to transmit signals to a receiver/transceiver, providing feedback about the link to allow closed loop communications. For example, the receiver reports directly or indirectly to the transmitter. For such communications, embodiments in accordance with the first and/or second insights may involve monitoring and/or recording that occurs at both ends of the link, i.e., double ended or both ends.
That is, receiver-related signals or parameters and/or transmitter-related signals, parameters and/or configurations may be recorded and/or provided to enhance also end-to-end communication or at least one hop thereof, e.g., when using relays, as will be described below. For example, the receiving node may inform the transmitting node to enhance its communication and/or the transmitting node may inform the receiving node to enhance its reception. Such information may be measured, reported, and/or recorded as described, for example, using time stamps, location, and/or other suitable relevant information.
In view of the mentioned options of using multi-hop communication as well as single-hop communication, it is noted that as such a link one can understand direct communication between two nodes, such as between a transmitter and a receiver and/or between two transceivers. However, a relay may be used for such links, which may be relayed using one or more mechanisms, such as Amplification and Forwarding (AF) and/or Decoding and Forwarding (DF). That is, the relay may change, for example, polarization, frequency range, center frequency, encoding, etc., between the first and second portions of the link, while it may also leave one or more properties unchanged. In this case, especially when one or more parameters are changed, the link containing the relay such as transmitter/transceiver→relay; relay→relay; and/or relay→receiver/transceiver may be considered as own link with own parameters and/or conditions; wherein such multi-hops can also be aggregated into a single or at least a reduced number of links in view of the proposed embodiments. That is, if the end-to-end link is made up of several partial links, then both end monitoring and logging can be performed between any of the links that make up the complete link, i.e., the end-to-end communication link. Thus, relays may also report their radio link parameters and/or other parameters described herein and/or may utilize them.
Although measuring or determining radio link parameters may in principle and according to embodiments be performed at different locations in the network, e.g. at nodes participating in a communication (link) or at nodes not participating, some embodiments described herein relate to measuring or determining radio link parameters at one end of a communication link. Such ends of the radio communication link may be implemented by, for example, a transmitter/transceiver, e.g. a relay of the receiver and transmitter and/or by the receiver/transceiver. According to embodiments, the measurement, determination of radio link parameters may be provided at one end only or at more than one end. For example, at two (at least two) ends, e.g., at a transmitting node and a receiving node. That is, the relevant measurements/recordings may be between two nodes, e.g. a transmitter and a receiver at one end of a wireless communication link between the gNB and the UE, or between a first transmitter and/or a first receiver at one end of the wireless communication link and a second transmitter and/or a second receiver at the other end of the wireless communication link. In particular, more than two ends may be used when considering possible multi-hop strategies, providing multi-port communications, and multi-port monitoring records and/or reports according to embodiments. Alternatively or additionally, the aforementioned "two ends" may be located anywhere in such a multi-hop communication chain. Such a network may analyze the radio communication link associated with the radio link parameters at least at both ends of the radio communication link.
Some wireless communication networks according to embodiments may be operated in a coordinated or predetermined manner in view of multi-hop chains to be organized when connected to each other to devices via multi-hop connections. However, some wireless communication networks may operate in an ad hoc manner such that the network itself or a control entity may not know a particular link or route until the link is established. In both cases, one or more multi-hop links may comprise zero, one or more than one portion or hop that may be considered weak, i.e. they may provide low quality, reliability, availability or other desired behavior, i.e. they are considered or regarded as showing a low amount of performance or performance below a certain performance threshold, which may correspond to showing a deviation or error above the respective threshold. However, wireless communication networks may have knowledge or some doubt or implication about weak links or portions of weak links, and may consider these portions more relevant than other portions (e.g., strong links).
For example, the weak portion may be arranged between the relay node R and the relay node S. In view of this example, due to the ad hoc nature of the network, the internal route between the two ends of the end-to-end communication (including the portion via relay node R and relay node S) is not known until after the link is established. In some connections, such weak (partial) links (e.g., between relay node R and relay node S) may be used, while in other connections/links, this may not be the case. In addition, even if the two ends of the end-to-end connection are identical, a "weak link" may not always be used, i.e., only in some cases, due to changes in the network's self-organization or organization.
This embodiment allows avoiding unnecessary or less relevant measurements, recordings and reporting of all (potentially useless or less relevant) network data (e.g. data that may not include a "weak link"). For example, such a network may provide signaling means to indicate that measurements, recordings and reports are requested to be activated for a particular link (part). Such examples may be transferred to other reasons that may be of interest to measure a particular link or portion thereof without limitation. Such signaling may be included, for example, in a header of a signal to be transmitted, in other parts of the signal, or in a signal to be transmitted on a different channel. It may allow a request indicating that an indicated part of the measurement link is present, e.g. having a meaning similar to "if a signal is routed along a route involving a link between relay node R and relay node S, measurement, determination, recording and/or reporting" is activated, wherein any number and/or any details of the link may be signalled. While this may allow avoiding measurements without using such an indication part, it may also allow obtaining information of interest. Although a description has been made using a positive list indicating links of interest, a negative list may alternatively or additionally be signaled, e.g. indicating links or parts thereof that may be skipped when measurements are typically performed.
That is, the link or a portion thereof may be measured or evaluated upon request, for example, when the portion is deemed weak, or when it is intended to check or evaluate the portion for other reasons. To support this, log files of the "weak link" portion of the chain may be transferred/forwarded/returned to the corresponding analysis network entity. That is, embodiments provide that the wireless communication network is configured to signal that at least a portion of the link is of interest, e.g., the portion is deemed weak, and to selectively provide for measurement or determination of radio link parameters and/or other parameters based on the signaling, e.g., when the indicated portion is actually used or enabled. The network may be adapted to provide and evaluate the respective log or measurement report to the analysis unit. Reports or related data may be measured or obtained by nodes forming the end or middle end of the link or nodes outside the link, as described.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a device configured for operation in a wireless communication network. Device 31 is configured to instruct a measurement device, such as device 11 and/or 20 of a wireless communication network. The device 31 may instruct the device 11 and/or 20 to transmit a measurement report comprising measurement results comprising information indicating radio link parameters related to the operation of the wireless communication network. For example, the device 31 may comprise a wired, preferably wireless, interface 35, such as the antenna arrangement 22, and may be configured for transmitting a request signal 36, e.g. the reporting directive signal 29 and/or the recording directive 33. The request signal 36 may be a wired or wireless signal. For example, a wireless signal may be directly transmitted as the report instruction signal 29 and/or the record instruction signal 33. Alternatively, the request signal 36 may be indirectly sent to a node that converts or retransmits the request signal 36. Alternatively, the request signal 36 may be transmitted via a wired interface to a node that causes a wireless reporting instruction signal or a recording instruction signal to be transmitted in the network. According to an embodiment, the wireless link to be monitored with the measurement results is a link of the device 31. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless link being monitored is a link of a measuring device.
As described, devices 11 and/or 20 may be configured to request measurement reports from another device. Such an implementation may arrive at device 31 such that device 31 may also be considered an embodiment of devices 11 and/or 20. Device 31 may also be adapted to perform measurements as described in connection with device 11 and/or device 20, such that device 31 may also be an MLRD.
As discussed, the link to be monitored may be an internal link, an antagonistic link, and/or an external link in view of the measurement device.
According to an embodiment, the device 31 is configured for evaluating the measurement report for the reported radio link parameters and the reported non-link parameters associated with the radio link parameters and/or the operation of the wireless communication network. The device 31 may be configured to determine a cause related to the non-link parameter that causes degradation of the wireless link indicated by the radio link parameter. That is, the device 31 and/or devices connected thereto may be configured to determine a root cause of degradation in operation of the wireless communication network.
According to an embodiment, the device 31 is configured for instructing a plurality of measuring devices to take four measurements and for transmitting measurement reports for scheduling distributed measurements. As discussed, different devices may be instructed differently at different locations and/or based on different capabilities.
According to an embodiment, the device 31 is a base station of a wireless communication network. The MLRDs 10 and/or 20 may be of the same or different types, i.e. base stations, UEs, e.g. flying UEs, such as drones and/or different entities.
The device 31 may be configured to instruct a measuring device of the wireless communication network to measure a set of parameters from a plurality of parameters, e.g. selected from parameters to be monitored in the network and/or capabilities of the device. The set of parameters may include at least one parameter, the plurality of parameters including radio link parameters, wherein the set of parameters is at least one of predefined, dynamically defined, and/or individually selected. As described above, the measurement report may be requested to include parameters different from the radio link parameters, and optionally be generated without the radio link parameters.
According to an embodiment, the wireless communication network comprises at least one of the devices 11 and/or 20, wherein there may be a plurality of devices 11 and/or 20 or devices 11 and 20. Further, the wireless communication network comprises at least a device 31. The wireless communication network may be configured to perform root cause analysis using the measurement reports to analyze the cause of the link degradation event and/or reconfigure the network to avoid or at least partially compensate for the link degradation event.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 400 according to an embodiment. The wireless communication network 400 includes two MLRD 41 1 And 41 2 Each MLRD may be associated with device 41 based on the description provided for devices 11, 20, and/or 31 1 And 41 2 Suitable for measurement as described in connection with devices 11 and 20.
In other words, fig. 8 shows a general example in which two measurement-recording-reporting apparatuses are used in a synchronized and orchestrated manner. Device 41 1 And 41 2 The radio link 38 is maintained. Device 41 1 And 41 2 Links 38 may be observed, determined and/or evaluated and reported with respect to corresponding radio link parameters.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 50 according to an embodiment. In a wireless communication network 50, there are at least three devices 50 1 And 50 2 And 50 3 Exists. For example, apparatus 50 1 And 50 2 And 50 3 May be implemented as device 11, device 20, and/or device 31, for example, as described in connection with fig. 8. That is, device 50 may correspond to device 41. As an example, the device 50 1 To 50 2 Is implemented as a gNB, but also performs the function of an MLRD. Apparatus 50 3 May be implemented as a mobile device and/or UE and operate as a third MLRD in the wireless communication network 50. This does not exclude other devices in the network and/or the cell. Apparatus 50 3 May evaluate and report about its respective association with device 50 1 And 50 2 Two links 38 held 1 And 38 (V) 2 。
In other words, fig. 9 shows an example of communication between two base stations and one UE, wherein each network entity is an MLRD. Active communication link 38 1 And 38 (V) 2 Observed by MLRD. Optionally, the apparatus 50 1 And 50 2 A link may be maintained or operated between. Such a link may be used with device 50 1 、50 2 And/or 50 3 Monitoring is performed.
Fig. 10 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 60 in which a device 50 operating as a gNB 1 Unlike two different devices 50 2 And 50 3 Maintains link 38 1 And 38 (V) 2 Both devices are adapted as UEs.
That is, fig. 10 shows an example of communication between a single base station and two UEs, wherein each network entity is an MLRD. The active communication link is observed by the MLRD.
Fig. 11 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 70 according to an embodiment. For example, there are at least four devices 50 1 、50 2 、50 3 And 50 4 Wherein the apparatus 50 1 And 50 3 Maintaining a wireless or radio link 38 1 Apparatus 50 2 And 50 4 Via link 38 2 Communication is performed. Apparatus 50 1 And 50 2 May be adapted as a gNB, while the device 50 3 And 50 4 May be adapted as a UE, all devices operating as MLRDs. Such as interference 50 1 And 42 2 Shown is link 38 1 And 38 (V) 2 Possibly interfering with each other. Such interference may also be assessed by the MLRD. For example, apparatus 50 3 At least a portion of the analysis of link 382 may be performed, although the link is not involved.
In other words, fig. 11 shows an example of two communication links, each link including one base station and one UE. Communication links between these entities are shown, as well as inter-link interference 42, so-called cross-link interference. Each network entity is an MLRD. Both active communication link and cross link interference can be observed by the MLRD. As discussed, the MLRD may observe or measure the same or different parameters.
Fig. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 80 according to an embodiment. The wireless communication network includes a number of at least two, at least three, or at least four UEs when compared to the wireless communication network 70. Device 50, when compared to wireless communication network 70 1 And 50 2 Is implemented as a UE and a UE 50 3 And 50 4 。
In other words, fig. 12 shows an example of four UEs, in which UE1 (50 1 ) And UE3 (50) 3 ) UE2 (50) 2 ) And UE4 (50) 4 ) Forming a direct link pair. Communication between links between these entities may cause so-called cross-link interference. Each network entity is an MLRD. Both active communication link and cross link interference can be observed by the MLRD.
Fig. 13 shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 90 according to an embodiment. In the wireless communication network 90, the device 50 as a base station 1 And device 50 as a UE 2 Operate as MLRDs. Except for slave device 50 2 To the device 50 1 Is an exemplary uplink 38 of (1) 1 In addition, the mobile device 44 is maintained in the wireless communication network 1 And 44 2 A bi-directional direct link 38 therebetween 2 . Interference 42 1 、42 2 、42 3 And 42 4 May be caused by any communication between any entity in the wireless communication network. For example, device 42 1 And 42 2 May be implemented as device 50. However, the orchestration entity decides to use only device 50 2 As MLRD, it may also be called an extended sensor or an external sensor. The devices of the network 90 may be configured to receive information indicative of the measurements from another device and generate a log to include the received measurements. That is, another device may be used as an external sensor.
In other words, fig. 13 shows an example in which UE1, UE2, and UE3 (device 44 1 、44 2 And 50 2 ) May be used as an extension sensor or antenna for the network. For example, apparatus 50 2 The MLR functionality is provided to the network via the gNB. Direct link connection between UE1 and UE2 (link 38 1 ) May be present. The potential interference path is defined by interference 44 1 To 44 4 And (3) representing. This interference may be caused by MLRD 1 and MLRD 2 (device 50 1 And 50 1 ) Measurements, recordings and reports are made.
Both the first and second awareness may relate to obtaining information related to the link. The described embodiments relate to measuring radio link parameters.
Fig. 14 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for operating a device in a bi-directional wireless communication network in a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode for a first time interval and in a second mode of operation in which the device performs at most passive communication for a second, different time interval. For example, the illustrated method 1000 may be used to operate the device 11. The method 1000 comprises a step 1010 for operating the device in a first mode of operation and obtaining a set of measurements comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters related to operation of the wireless communication network using the device. Step 1020 includes generating, using the device, a measurement report including a set of measurements having at least one of the set of measurements, and transmitting the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network.
Fig. 15 shows a schematic flow chart of a method 1100 according to an embodiment. Method 1100 may be used to operate a device, such as device 20, in at least a first mode of operation in a two-way wireless communication network in which the device is in a connected mode. The method comprises a step 1110 of operating the device in a first mode of operation and transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals, thereby obtaining a plurality of measurements, the obtaining of the measurements comprising measuring or determining radio link parameters related to operation of the wireless communication network.
Step 1120 includes generating a log with the device to include information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information associated with the plurality of measurements. Step 1130 includes generating a measurement report from the log using the device and transmitting the measurement report to at least one entity of the wireless communication network. The method 1100 is performed such that the radio link parameters are associated with links in which the device operates, the association being performed by the wireless communication network and/or the operating device. The method 1100 is further performed, causing the device to generate a measurement report so as to include information regarding at least one instance of a measurement result obtained prior to a link degradation event that resulted in degradation of the wireless link, and to transmit the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network after the link degradation event as an alternative or additional feature of a radio link parameter associated with a link operated by the device.
Fig. 16 shows a schematic flow chart of a method 1200 for operating a device in a wireless communication network, such as device 31. The method 1200 includes a step 1210 that includes using the device to instruct a measurement of the wireless communication network or to determine that the device transmits a measurement report, the measurement report including a measurement result, the measurement result including information indicating a radio link parameter related to operation of the wireless communication network.
Embodiments allow for a number of advantages. For example, measurements are recorded in active mode (currently only in idle and inactive states, or can be collected and reported immediately in connected state). Embodiments allow the MLRD to be configured to observe other communication links. Alternatively or additionally, multiple MLRD's may be used in an orchestrated, non-orchestrated, coordinated, or collaborative manner. Alternatively or additionally, the recording may extend from the observation of the measurement of the signal to recording instructions/requests/commands related to transmission and/or reception. Alternatively or additionally, the recording may be extended from "response to configuration" to "pseudo-permanent measurement and recording" to maintain higher sampling, density, or accuracy on "event" and/or "command". Alternatively or additionally, embodiments provide solutions that will track and measure appropriate parameters, which will help determine the root cause of a link or beam failure.
Embodiments of the present aspect may be programmed to:
embodiment 1. A device (10) configured to operate in a bi-directional wireless communication network in a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode for a first time interval and in a second mode of operation in which the device performs at most passive communication for a second, different time interval;
Wherein in the first mode of operation, the device (11) is configured to obtain a set of measurements (15) comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters (17) related to the operation of the wireless communication network;
wherein the device (10) (11) is configured to generate a measurement report (19) comprising a set of measurements with at least one of the set of measurements and for transmitting the measurement report (18) to an entity of the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 2. The device (11) of embodiment 1, wherein the device (11) is configured to obtain a set of measurement results (15) by measuring or determining at least one non-radio link parameter related to the operation of the wireless communication network, and to generate the measurement report so as to comprise information indicative of the non-radio link parameter.
Embodiment 3. The device (11) of embodiment 2, wherein the device (11) is configured to generate the measurement report (18) so as to include information indicative of non-radio link parameters and not include radio link parameters (17).
Embodiment 4. The device (11) of embodiment 3, wherein the device (11) is configured to not measure or determine the radio link parameters (17) when generating the measurement report (18) so as to not include the radio link parameters (17).
Embodiment 5. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device (11) is configured to measure or determine a plurality of parameters including the radio link parameter (17) in order to obtain a plurality of measurement results; wherein the device (11) is configured to generate the measurement report (19) (18) by selecting a subset of the plurality of measurement results for a set of measurement results (15).
Embodiment 6. The device (11) of embodiment 5, wherein the device (11) is configured to select the subset based on a received selection signal, the selection signal indicating a parameter that is required to be measured and/or reported by the device.
Embodiment 7. The device (11) of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device (11) is configured to generate the measurement report as an instant report.
Embodiment 8. The device (11) of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device (11) is configured to generate the measurement report as a report of the logged measurements.
Embodiment 9. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to generate the measurement report so as to comprise information indicative of the radio link parameters (17) and time information (26) related to a time of measuring the radio link parameters (17).
Example 10 the apparatus of example 9, wherein the time is equal to:
● A time reference of the device;
● Different time references in a wireless communication network;
● Combining multiple time references
Related to the following.
Embodiment 11. The apparatus of embodiment 9 or 10, the time information (26) is related to absolute and/or relative time measurements and includes information indicative of a coherence time, e.g., coherence time, variation, fluctuation, and/or time drift of the time reference grid.
Embodiment 12. The device of one of the preceding embodiments is configured to obtain a plurality of measurements, wherein the radio link parameter (17) is related to the operation of the wireless communication network;
wherein the device is configured to generate a log (24) so as to include information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information (26) related to the plurality of measurements;
wherein the device is configured to generate a measurement report (19) from the log (24) and to transmit the measurement report (19) to at least one entity of the wireless communication network;
wherein the radio link parameters (17) are associated with a link (38) operated by the device, and/or
Wherein the device is configured to generate a measurement report (19) so as to comprise information about at least one instance of a measurement result obtained before a link degradation event leading to degradation of the wireless link, and an entity for transmitting the measurement report (19) to the wireless communication network after the link degradation event.
Embodiment 13. A device (20) configured for operating in at least a first mode of operation in a two-way wireless communication network, in which first mode of operation the device is in a connected mode;
wherein in a first mode of operation the device is configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and to obtain a plurality of measurements, the obtaining of the measurements comprising measuring or determining radio link parameters (17) related to the operation of the wireless communication network;
wherein the device is configured for generating a log (25) so as to comprise information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information associated with the plurality of measurements;
wherein the device is configured to generate a measurement report (19) from the log (24) and to transmit the measurement report to at least one entity of the wireless communication network;
wherein the radio link parameter (17) is associated with a link in which the device operates; and/or
Wherein the device is configured to generate a measurement report (19) so as to comprise information about at least one instance of a measurement result obtained before a link degradation event leading to degradation of the wireless link, and an entity for transmitting the measurement report to the wireless communication network after the link degradation event.
Embodiment 14 the apparatus of embodiment 13 wherein the apparatus is configured to generate the measurement report (19) so as to include information about at least one instance of the measurement result obtained prior to a link degradation event that caused degradation of the wireless link, and an entity for transmitting the measurement report (19) to the wireless communication network after the link degradation event; and wherein the link degradation event is an event that causes a wireless link failure.
Embodiment 15. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to generate the log (25) and report the log (25) only if a predetermined trigger event occurs, such as a request or link degradation.
Embodiment 16 the device of one of embodiments 13 through 15, wherein the device is configured to record measurements in an active, inactive, or idle state in the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 17 the apparatus of one of embodiments 13 through 16, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure indicated in the measurement report comprising at least one of:
● Actions in the wireless network determined by the device,
● The instructions that are recognized by the device,
● The request that is identified by the device,
● Commands recognized by the device, and/or
● Configuration of the device and/or other devices.
Embodiment 18 the device of one of embodiments 13 through 17, wherein the device is configured to record the measurements in at least one of:
● In a continuous manner,
● The timing mode (low speed, high speed, dynamic speed),
● In a sequential manner,
● In an orderly manner, the method comprises the steps of,
● In the manner required,
● In the manner of the window(s),
● In the manner of the indication,
● Based on the manner in which the event is occurring,
● Based on the manner in which the trigger is triggered,
● Threshold-based manner and/or
● Programming or scripting.
Embodiment 19 the device of one of embodiments 13 through 18, wherein the device is configured to record the measurements for the measurement report while recording a header, identifier, tag, or timestamp comprising one or more of:
● Absolute time;
● Relative time;
● Time relative to time slot;
● Start of frame or service (normal run time);
● Ground speed;
● Location, such as GPS/GNSS coordinates;
● Altitude of the sea;
● A cell ID;
● A beam ID;
● An antenna pattern;
● A cell area;
● A Service Set Identifier (SSID);
● An Internet Service Provider (ISP);
● A Path Loss Model (PLM);
● Mobile Network Operators (MNOs);
● Radio Access Technology (RAT) connection types such as 5G, 4G, 3G, 2G, wiFi, bluetooth, LORAN; and/or
● Service types such as VoIP, video on demand, augmented reality, virtual reality.
Embodiment 20 the device of one of embodiments 13-19, wherein the device is configured to receive information indicative of the measurement results from the other device and to generate a log (25) to include the received measurement results.
Embodiment 21 the device of one of embodiments 13 to 20, wherein the device is configured to operate in a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation in the wireless communication network, the device being in a connected mode for a first time interval in the first mode of operation, and the device performing at most passive communication for a different second time interval in the second mode of operation;
wherein in a first mode of operation, the device is configured to obtain a set of measurements (15) comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters (17);
wherein the device is configured to generate a measurement report (19) comprising a set of results with at least one of the set of measurement results.
Example 22. The device of one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the device is configured to generate the measurement report (19) based on a report instruction signal (29) received by the device, the report instruction signal comprising information indicative of a request to generate the measurement report.
Embodiment 23. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to record the measurement results, wherein the device is configured to receive a recording instruction signal (33) and to record the measurement results based on the recording instruction signal.
Embodiment 24. The apparatus of embodiment 23, wherein the recording instruction signal (33) includes instructions related to at least one of:
parameters to be recorded;
parameters that are not recorded;
a time interval for performing the recording;
the number of measurements to be recorded; and
one or more of which are fallback options.
Embodiment 25 the device of one of embodiments 22 to 24, wherein the device is configured to measure a parameter or to determine a parameter based on a parameter indicated in the reporting instruction signal (29) and/or a parameter indicated in the recording instruction signal (33); and/or
Wherein the device is configured to not measure or determine a parameter for which the device comprises measurement capabilities based on the reporting instruction signal (29) and/or the recording instruction signal (33).
Embodiment 26. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to determine events related to operation of the wireless communication network and to record measurements based on the determined events.
Embodiment 27. The apparatus of one of the previous embodiments, wherein the apparatus is adapted to include the non-link parameters in a measurement report and to associate with the radio link parameters (17).
Embodiment 28. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured for at least one of:
generating and transmitting a report instruction signal (29) to another device of the wireless communication network for indicating a request to measure and report at least one parameter;
a record instruction signal (33) is generated and sent to another device of the wireless communication network to indicate a request to record at least one parameter.
Embodiment 29. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to include validity information into the measurement report, the validity information indicating validity of the measurement.
Embodiment 30. The apparatus of embodiment 29, wherein the validity information indicates at least one of:
a time instance or period of time at which the measurement is made;
resolution or accuracy of measurement;
hardware for measurement;
distance from the source of the parameter to be measured;
a certificate indicating the trustworthiness of the device (11).
Embodiment 31. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to measure the receiver related parameter as a radio link parameter; and/or determining the transmitter related parameter as a radio link parameter.
Embodiment 32 the apparatus of embodiment 31, wherein the apparatus is configured to determine the transmitter related parameter as one or more of:
● Signal: for example, embedded Reference Signals (RSs), control signals, user plane signals, and/or other reference signals;
● Transmitting a correlation signal, for example:
a digital signal to be subjected to digital transmission processing before conversion from a digital signal domain to an analog signal domain;
the o is applied to beam forming digital or analog control signals such as phase shifters, delay lines, attenuators etc.,
the measured or acquired signal, a parameter from the transmitter chain, e.g. a feedback signal for a Digital Predistortion (DPD) circuit/control of self-interference compensation (SIC) for self-channel and/or adjacent channel interference cancellation/suppression or spurious emissions or out-of-band (OOB) radiation and/or Adjacent Channel Leakage (ACLR) etc.,
● Transmission parameters such as cell ID, carrier frequency, beamforming weights, antenna parameters, etc.,
● Radio configuration parameters such as minimum, maximum or actual number of retransmissions, one or more selected antenna panels, used or scheduled time and frequency resources, transmit scheduling information, transmission grants, uplink (UL) Downlink (DL) relations such as relations between messages or settings in one or both directions in time and/or frequency, e.g. for closed loop control messages, CFO precompensation (CFO: center/carrier frequency offset);
● Speed, geographical location, direction of the entity/device or antenna board and/or even non-radio link parameters described below.
Embodiment 33. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device measures or determines a radio link parameter of at least one hop of a radio link in the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 34 the device of one of the preceding embodiments is part of a link associated with the radio link parameters (17) as a transmitter, transceiver, receiver and relay, or is outside the link.
Embodiment 35. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to measure or determine the radio link parameters as one of:
● In-link parameters, such as information about packet error rate, throughput, automatic repeat request count (ARQ), and/or hybrid automatic repeat request count (HARQ);
● Information about the countermeasure link parameters, e.g., cross Link Interference (CLI), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), and/or saturation;
● Signal power;
● Signal quality, e.g., RSRP/RSRQ/SNR/SINR;
● Out-of-link parameters, e.g., information indicative of signal power of the signal, e.g., as a function of frequency (including bandwidth), time, resource blocks, beams, cell identity, direction information, such as, e.g., angle of departure (AoD) and/or angle of arrival (AoA) with respect to a particular TX beam and/or RX beam.
Embodiment 36. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure at least one of
● PHY layer parameters, for example.
Grade o BER, BLER, MCS
RSRP/RSRQ/SNR/SINR of beams measured on SSB, CSI-RS, SRS
Beam numbering on SSB, CSI-RS, SRS;
● Parameters of higher layers, e.g.
Number or ID of serving cell or connecting cell
Information indicating the cell observed by the device
Delay of communication
O jitter
Throughput of data
As radio link parameters.
Embodiment 37. The apparatus of one of the preceding embodiments is configured to measure or determine a radio link parameter and at least one of:
● Acoustic parameters, such as sound, ultrasound,
● The vibration parameters are used to determine the vibration parameters,
● The parameters of the earthquake are set to be,
● The chemical parameters of the chemical process are that,
● An electrical parameter, such as voltage or current, electromotive force,
● The electromagnetic parameters of the electromagnetic wave are set,
● The dielectric parameter of the dielectric material is, in turn,
● The radio parameters of the radio frequency signals are,
● The parameters of the radar are set to be,
● Environmental parameters, such as weather parameters, moisture content, humidity, visibility,
● Flow-related parameters such as fluid velocity; gas flow;
● The parameters of the ionizing radiation are set,
● Parameters associated with the sub-atomic particles,
● Position-related parameters, such as position, angle, displacement, distance, velocity and/or acceleration,
● Optical parameters, such as color/wavelength and/or size of light,
● The imaging parameters are used to determine the imaging parameters,
● The parameters of the laser radar,
● The parameter of the photons is such that,
● The pressure parameter is used to determine the pressure,
● The force parameter is used to determine the force,
● The density parameter is used to determine the density of the material,
● The level parameter is used to determine the level parameter,
● Thermal parameters, such as heat and/or temperature,
● Proximity parameters, such as the presence or absence of a body or object,
● Information indicative of potential, suspicious or known aggressors from the perspective of wireless communications.
Embodiment 38 the device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to protect the content of the measurement report (19).
Embodiment 39. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to transmit the measurement report (19) automatically or on demand after link degradation.
Embodiment 40. The device of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to transmit the measurement report (19) to at least one of a network entity, a communication partner, a next member of a defined group, a base station, a Mobile Network Operator (MNO), a server running on top, a higher-level authority such as a regulatory agency, an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), and/or a service provider.
Embodiment 41. The device according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured to include in the measurement report (19) information indicating the maximum number of hops for which the measurement report is requested.
Embodiment 42. The device according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the device is configured for transmitting a measurement report (19) based on the respective request and for evaluating the request for priority information; wherein the device is configured for transmitting the measurement report when the priority information indicates a priority of at least a predetermined priority level, and for not transmitting the measurement report when the priority information indicates a priority below the predetermined priority level.
Embodiment 43. The device according to one of the preceding embodiments is configured for measuring or determining radio link parameters (17) of a plurality of cells of the wireless communication network, e.g. at least 64, at least 256 or at least 512 cells, the number of the plurality of cells preferably being adjustable.
Embodiment 44 the device according to one of the preceding embodiments is at least a component of a device implemented for flight, e.g. a drone.
Embodiment 45. The device according to one of the preceding embodiments is configured to select a subset of measurements to include from a plurality of measurements based on at least one of:
● Including a predetermined number of measurements ordered according to ordering criteria such as distance, elapsed time, signal strength, and reliability; and/or
● The measurement results to be included are selected that meet a predetermined selection criteria, such as the best result quality.
Embodiment 46. The device according to one of the preceding embodiments is configured to measure or determine at least one parameter with a first accuracy during a time interval and to measure or determine the parameter with a second, higher accuracy during a second time interval.
Embodiment 47 the device of embodiment 46, wherein the device is configured to initiate the second time interval upon request or by determining a related event associated with the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 48. A device (31) configured for operation in a wireless communication network, wherein the device is configured to instruct a measuring or determining device of the wireless communication network:
a measurement report (19) is transmitted comprising measurement results, the measurement results comprising information indicative of radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network.
Example 49. The apparatus of embodiment 48, wherein the operation of the wireless communication network is related to a wireless link of the apparatus.
Embodiment 50 the device of embodiment 48 or 49, wherein the wireless link is a link to a measurement or determination device.
Embodiment 51 the device of one of embodiments 48 to 50, wherein the device is configured to evaluate the measurement report (19) for the radio link parameter (17) and the non-link parameter associated with the radio link parameter; and determining a cause of degradation of the wireless link indicated by the radio link parameter in relation to the non-link parameter.
Embodiment 52 the device of one of embodiments 48 to 51, wherein the device is configured for instructing the plurality of measurement devices to perform measurements and for transmitting measurement reports (19) for orchestrating the distributed measurements.
Embodiment 53 the apparatus of one of embodiments 48 through 52 is a base station of a wireless communication network.
Embodiment 54 the apparatus of one of embodiments 48 through 53, wherein the apparatus is configured to instruct the measurement or determination apparatus of the wireless communication network to measure a set of parameters including at least one parameter from a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters including a radio link parameter; wherein the set of parameters is at least one of:
● Predefined;
● Dynamically defined; and/or
● Individually selected.
Embodiment 55A wireless communication network comprising
At least according to the first device of one of embodiments 1 to 47 or according to one of embodiments 48 to 54; and
At least a second device, which is a device according to one of embodiments 1 to 47 or a device according to one of embodiments 48 to 54.
Embodiment 56 the wireless communication network of embodiment 55, wherein the network is configured to perform root cause analysis using the measurement report to analyze a cause of the link degradation event and/or reconfigure the network to avoid or at least partially compensate for the link degradation event.
Embodiment 57 the wireless communication system of embodiment 55 or 56, wherein the network is in the form of
● A single end of the communication link;
● A first end and a second end of the communication link; and/or
● At least three ends of a communication link being a multi-hop link
A radio communication link associated with the radio link parameters (16) is analyzed.
Embodiment 58 the wireless communication system of one of embodiments 55 to 57, wherein the wireless communication network is configured to analyze the relationship involving one or more of the following, e.g., after a link degradation event and/or during a self-modification/optimization process prior to the link degradation event:
● An Uplink (UL) -Downlink (DL) relationship;
● A relationship between the consecutively received signals; and
● Relationship between consecutively transmitted signals
Embodiment 59 the wireless communication system of embodiment 58 configured to analyze a relationship between messages or settings in one direction, e.g., relative pointers/references to messages, events, settings for unidirectional transmission/communication; and/or a relationship between messages or settings in two directions, e.g., relative pointers/references to messages, events, settings for bi-directional transmission/communication.
Embodiment 59 the wireless communication system of embodiment 57 or 58 configured to analyze the relationship to include a cross-reference between at least a first hop and a second hop of the multi-hop link.
Embodiment 60. The wireless communication system of one of embodiments 55 to 59 is configured to signal that at least a portion of the link is of interest, e.g., the portion is considered weak, and to selectively provide for measurement or determination of the radio link parameter (17) and/or other parameters based on the signaling; wherein the network is adapted to provide and evaluate the respective log or measurement report to the analysis unit.
Embodiment 60a. A wireless communication system of one of the embodiments described herein, particularly in conjunction with an IOND/MLRD device, wherein the MLRD measures/monitors and/or records/captures at least one interferer parameter associated with a receive beam pattern. The interferer parameter may relate to, or may indicate, one or more of a direction of interference, timing of interference, polarization of the interfering signal, frequency of the interfering signal, information related to physical PRBs, and/or bandwidth portions. The network may evaluate the interference impact of other network devices to be (potentially) used for interference management, i.e. an estimate of the impact that a change in the behaviour of other devices may have on the interference. This may allow selecting the appropriate steps to be performed by assuming the effects that different behaviors, schedules, transmit powers, etc. would have if applied, in order to select an action for the device that provides the desired effect. For example, root cause analysis may support such evaluations. Such a network may be configured for measuring interference source parameters related to a receive beam pattern of a device (e.g., an MLRD) and for evaluating interference impact of at least one other device on interference management of the receive beam pattern using the MLRD and/or other entity of the network, e.g., to decide on control of another device for interference management, e.g., yes/no, an amount of adaptation, etc.
Embodiment 61. A method (1000) for operating a device in a two-way wireless communication network in a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode for a first time interval and in a second mode of operation in which the device performs at most passive communication for a second, different time interval, the method comprising:
operating (1010) the device in a first mode of operation, and obtaining a set of measurements comprising at least one measurement by measuring or determining radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network using the device; and
the user equipment generates (1020) a measurement report comprising a set of results with at least one of the set of measurements and sends the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 62. A method (1100) for operating a device in a two-way wireless communication network in at least a first mode of operation in which the device is in a connected mode, the method comprising:
operating (1110) the device in a first mode of operation and transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals in order to obtain a plurality of measurements, the obtaining of the measurements comprising measuring or determining radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network;
Generating (1120) a log with the device so as to include information derived from the plurality of measurements and time information associated with the plurality of measurements;
generating (1130) a measurement report from the log using the device and transmitting the measurement report to at least one entity of the wireless communication network;
associating radio link parameters with a link operated by the device; and/or
The method comprises generating a measurement report to include information about at least one instance of a measurement result obtained prior to a link degradation event that resulted in degradation of the wireless link, and transmitting the measurement report to an entity of the wireless communication network after the link degradation event.
Embodiment 63. A method (1200) for operating a device in a wireless communication network, comprising:
a measurement or determination device of a wireless communication network using a device indication (1210):
a measurement report is sent comprising measurement results including information indicative of radio link parameters associated with operation of the wireless communication network.
Embodiment 64. A computer readable digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program having a program code for performing the method according to one of embodiments 61 to 63 when run on a computer.
Such information provided by and/or required from the MLRD may be combined, but is not limited to the embodiments described below. For example, to process or mitigate interference according to an embodiment, information received from and/or provided by a device operating at least in part as an MLRD may be used. In different scenarios or modes of operation of such an MLRD, different types of information may be obtained. Furthermore, for the different solutions described below, different types of information may be useful, some or all of which may be obtained from the MLRD.
Assessing interference
After describing the MLRD as a possible IOND, a description is provided below of how to use a combination thereof, i.e. adapt the beam pattern and measure network activity or conditions, e.g. for controlling, estimating or reducing cross-link interference.
Embodiments relate to identifying, characterizing, or otherwise quantifying interference in order to allow mechanisms for mitigating interference to work accurately.
The present invention relates to measurements and more importantly, reporting two forms of interference affecting the performance of a wireless communication system; inter-cell interference (ICI) and cross-link interference (CLI).
ICI is an inherent problem with cellular communications. When neighboring cells use the same frequency resources, it occurs, which affects the signal quality of active users, especially at the edges of the cell. Such degradation of the SINR of the UE results in a significant degradation of throughput and user experience. ICI has an impact on both TDD and FDD systems.
Fig. 18a/b depicts ICI situations for UL and DL slots in a static TDD system. Static TDD (S-TDD) requires that UL/DL subframe configurations of all cells using the same frequency band be synchronized. ICI is a well-studied topic, and since LTE/LTE-Advanced, various techniques for solving ICI are part of standardization, such as ICI coordination (ICIC), enhanced ICIC (eICIC), and coordinated multipoint (CoMP).
Fig. 18a illustrates a schematic block diagram of a portion of a wireless communication network 1800, which may form at least a part of the embodiments described herein. As described in connection with the previous aspects, the wireless communication network 1800 may include one, two, or more cells, e.g., cells 1802a, 1802b. In the illustrated scenario, two cells 1802a and 1802b may form an uplink UL cell. For example, UE1 may transmit uplink signal 1804a to its base station BS1 and UE2 may transmit uplink signal 1804b to its base station BS 2. These transmissions may form the desired signal, but may also provide unwanted interference signals 1806a, 1806b, respectively. Thus, UE1 in cell 1802a operated by BS1 may interfere with BS2 of a different cell and/or UE2 in cell 1802b may interfere with BS1 of the cell 1802 a. The interfering signals 1806a and 1806b thus provide examples of inter-cell interference as UE-to-BS interference occurring in UL slots, e.g., in an S-TDD system.
Fig. 18b shows a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication network 1800 during a downlink DL slot. Wherein transmission of downlink signal 1808a of BS 1, downlink signal 1808b of BS 2 to associated UE-UE 1 and UE 2, respectively, may cause interference 1806a and 1806b at the respective other UE. This may be referred to as BS-to-UE interference or DL-to-DL interference.
Cross-link interference occurs in dynamic TDD systems, where neighboring cells use different transmission directions, as shown in fig. 19, illustrating an example of CLI [21]. The dynamic TDD system improves the spectrum utilization rate and can flexibly adapt to different flow modes. However, CLI remains one of the major challenges. Fig. 19 illustrates a schematic diagram of a wireless communication network 1900 for representing cross-link interference (e.g., BS-to-BS interference/DL-to-UL interference and UE-to-UE interference/UL-to-DL interference).
CLI may also occur where neighboring cells are out of sync and a portion of the frame uses the opposite direction, as depicted in fig. 20 for an example of CLI occurring in an asynchronous network, such as network 1800 or 1900. Although the transmission directions of the same subframe are the same, CLI may occur if different transmission directions partially overlap.
In Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks, traffic is transmitted over multiple hops, both ICI and CLI present challenges. Fig. 21 depicts an IAB network 2100 that includes two (or more) adjacent independent trees 2102a and 2100b. It should be noted that the IAB network facilitates a split gNB architecture with a Central Unit (CU) and Distributed Units (DUs).
The DUs typically accommodate PHY, MAC and RLC layers, while PDCP and above layers are located in the CU. This also means that the Radio Resource Control (RRC) function is located in the CU. On the other hand, the IAB node is composed of a Mobile Terminal (MT) part and a DU part. The MT is connected to the CU or another DU, whereas the DU comprises a base station part, which can allocate radio resources to the MT or UE.
Returning to fig. 21, in each tree 2102a and 2102b, there are three hops between the UE and the gNB CU. When a neighboring DU is being transmitted, the receiving UE and MT experience ICI in the DL of each hop. Similarly, on the UL, the received DU will experience ICI caused by the UE and MT's neighbor transmissions. It should be noted that the UL ICI problem in an IAB network is more severe than a non-IAB network, because the power level of the IAB-MT is significantly higher than the power level of the UE. CLI in the IAB network also occurs due to the use of transmission/reception in opposite directions by neighboring cells, as described in more detail in the "challenge" section. In summary, in a multi-hop IAB network, the communication between the UE and the CU/core network may be affected by ICI and CLI, which may occur on any hop. Thus, CLI and ICI aspects are of particular importance due to the introduction of a) IAB nodes and b) flexible TDD structures.
Regarding (a), the inventors have determined that the current CLI framework does not adequately cover the case of CLIs in an IAB network. On the other hand, with respect to (b), the current CLI framework solves the problem created by the flexible TDD structure. However, the framework relies on backhaul-based coordination between the gnbs, which introduces delay. Furthermore, when flexible TDD is combined with the deployment of IAB nodes, the inventors have determined the limitations of the current ICI and CLI frameworks. Furthermore, the current CLI (or ICI framework) does not address the case where neighboring nodes belong to different operators. Although the power level is smaller in this case, interference of adjacent channels needs to be considered. The present disclosure relates to these problems and corresponding solutions.
Fig. 22 is an extension to fig. 21, with fig. 21 illustrating ICI and CLI in more detail. This is done for three example scenarios: "inter-branch (or inter-tree) interference on backhaul and access links"; "inter-hop interference between access and backhaul links"; and "inter-string interference on access link". These scenarios illustrate how interference affects inter-branch, inter-hop and inter-string communications in the backhaul link and the access link (first two cases) or only in the access link (third case). Fig. 22 uses a frame-like structure (shown as a vertical stack of ten colored squares) to illustrate how uplink and downlink collisions occur between different network entities due to scheduling collisions. For example, for a first scenario, TDD frame mode shows correct scheduling between downlink and uplink of DU a1 and MT a1, while the same scenario, instead, shows collision of uplink and downlink frame modes of MT a1 and DU b 2. The third scenario-UE b3 and DU a2 also show similar effects. Details of the interference mechanism and the affected entities are shown in the text boxes between frame patterns.
In other words, fig. 22 shows an example of CLI and inter-cell interference in a multi-hop IAB network.
Challenge to
Enhancements to the CLI framework are being discussed in relation to the IAB node and CLI,3GPP RAN1R1-2101878[22] to address some CLI cases that occur in IAB networks. The current CLI framework does not address all use cases present in the IAB network.
Based on the discussion so far in [22] and other related references, the inventors have identified the following particular challenges of particular interest that need to be considered in the present invention:
to illustrate different cases of CLI in the IAB network, please refer to fig. 23, in which fig. 23 shows case 1 as MT to MT CLI, case 2 as DU to MT interference, case 3 as MT to DU interference, and case 4 as DU to DU interference as CLI interference in the IAB network determined by 3 GPP.
Challenge to：
MT-MT interference (case 1). While the current CLI framework (UE-UE case) can be used to mitigate CLI interference between different MTs, MTs have higher power and the interference effect can severely degrade the downlink reception of victim MTs.
mt-DU interference (case 3). Here, the interfering MT is transmitting and the victim DU is receiving. This situation is similar to the conventional case of UL UE interference on a base station. However, the power level of the IAB-MT is high, thereby generating interference.
The DU-DU (case 4) CLI framework does not currently address this situation in the IAB network environment. Furthermore, while frame coordination may be performed between neighboring nodes using proprietary protocols, interference coordination between nodes must be done in a multi-vendor deployment.
4. Measurement/mitigation technique classification based on IAB-MT type. Wide area IAB-MT is characterized by requirements from the macro-cell and/or micro-cell scenario. The local area IAB-MT is characterized by requirements from the pico cell and/or micro cell scenario.
5. And quantifying the measurement accuracy of the CLI. [23] Note that CLI measurement accuracy of SRS RSRP may be degraded due to network synchronization errors, unknown propagation delay between IAB nodes, smaller CP duration in FR2, different timing alignment between nodes, larger distance between child and parent nodes, and so on.
L2 versus L3 measurement/report-the current CLI measurement is an L3 CLI measurement-they are longer time scale measurements configured by and reported to CU/gNB [24 ].
7. Distinguishing between access and backhaul because some interference conditions have a greater impact on access links
8. Self-interference measurement, recording, reporting and mitigation. Self-interference occurs when devices operate in Tx and Rx modes simultaneously in the same or different carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, or portions of bandwidth operating in different UL or DL slots. This is caused by reflections (from objects in the propagation environment and intra-device/base station leaks). It relates to full duplex operation and/or equipment failure.
9. Problems with so-called hidden and exposed terminals (described below in connection with FIGS. 24a-d and 25)
As previously mentioned, in an inter-MNO environment, a mechanism for exchanging reference signal configuration and coordinated transmission cannot be assumed at present, which may solve some of the above cases.
Furthermore, some of the above challenges are related not only to the IAB network, but also to the CLI-framed UEs, such as challenges 5 and 6 in the list above.
The performance of a Wireless Communication System (WCS) may be affected by so-called hidden terminal (or node) problems and so-called exposed terminal (or node) problems. Since these problems are well known, particularly in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) environment, and since there are standardized solutions of the prior art, the hidden and exposed terminal problems will be presented here together with the SOTA solution. As discussed above, the inventors have identified certain problems that the current SOTA solution described in this section cannot address. Thus, the "solutions" section introduces possible solutions.
Hidden terminal problem
Although cellular networks typically do not operate in Listen Before Talk (LBT) mode (except for the special case of NRU), in dynamic TDD, due to CLI, and considering that not every gNB/IAB node knows the scheduling decisions of other nodes, the related challenges can be seen similarly to the problem of hiding or exposing terminals.
In WCS that provide for communication between multiple terminals or nodes, using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD), hidden terminal problems can occur when a first node is visible to a second node, but not at least to a third node in communication with the second node. This may occur in WCS that do not provide a means to control transmissions from different nodes.
To illustrate this problem, fig. 24a shows three terminals 2402a (a), 2402B (B) and 2402C (C) and their coverage areas 2404a,2404B,2404C (represented by differently shaded overlapping circles), respectively.
Here, node B is in the coverage area of nodes a and C. On the other hand, node a and node C are out of range of each other and therefore are referred to as hidden (from each other). Now assume that nodes a and B have established a connection and are transmitting communication information between them, and that during this communication node C, which is unaware of the ongoing communication, attempts to establish a connection to node B. Since a new transmission from node C to node B may collide with transmissions established between nodes a and B, a need to control or otherwise coordinate transmissions from multiple nodes is identified. .
In other words, fig. 24a shows a graphical representation of a hidden terminal problem, wherein three terminals or nodes and their coverage areas are shown. These coverage areas reveal that nodes a and C are hidden from each other even though they are visible to node B.
Solution to the problem of hidden terminals
A solution to the hidden terminal problem is now discussed, as some of these solutions may consider how to apply to challenges in solving CLI.
1. Increasing transmit power
In order for a hidden node to become visible-and thus no longer hidden-it is necessary to extend its coverage area. This may be achieved by increasing the transmission power of the "hidden" node, which enables the non-hidden node to detect or hear the (previously) hidden node-see fig. 24b. In the scenario of fig. 24B, the transmission power and coverage area of node a and node C are increased to 2404a 'and 2404C', respectively, while the transmission power and coverage area of node B remain unchanged. The increase in coverage of nodes a and C makes them visible to each other, so they are no longer hidden.
It is noted that the problem of hidden terminals cannot be solved by only increasing the transmission power and coverage area of the non-hidden node (node B), as shown in fig. 24C, where only the transmission power and coverage area of node B is increased to coverage area 2404B', while the transmission power and coverage area of nodes a and C remain unchanged, meaning that they remain hidden from each other.
The hidden terminal problem is also solved if the transmission power of all nodes is increased as shown in fig. 24 d. However, as explained above in connection with fig. 24B, as the coverage of the non-hidden node (node B) increases, the chance of creating new hidden nodes (e.g. nodes D and E not shown in the figure) also increases. Nodes A, C, D and E may be hidden from each other because new nodes D and E are within the extended coverage area of node B and may establish communication with node B, but not within the coverage area of nodes a and C.
In practice, nodes a and C may be user equipment, while node B may be a base station or an access point. Increasing the transmission power of the latter is more likely to cause problems for other users, as this would put them in range of the access point, adding new nodes to the network, which are now hidden from other users.
2. Antenna pattern
The radiation pattern of an antenna describes the way it spatially transmits energy, and the way it spatially collects energy by reciprocity. Antennas with so-called patterns direct or collect energy in a given direction in preference to other directions. On the other hand, although an antenna that radiates uniformly in at least one plane is described as having an omni-directional pattern.
In the context of hidden terminal problems, the directivity of an antenna affects its visibility to other nodes. Thus, a device equipped with a directional antenna is easier to create a hidden node than a device equipped with an omni-directional antenna. In view of this, it appears that omni-directional mode is preferred over directional mode. However, although coverage is improved-at least in terms of providing more uniform coverage-the link distance that can be supported is easily reduced. Therefore, a mechanism is needed to solve the hidden terminal problem created due to the directional mode. The present invention provides such a mechanism.
3. Barrier formation
For some users, an otherwise omnidirectional antenna pattern may be observed to be directional due to the presence of obstructions, such as structures such as buildings, office partitions, vehicles, or people. Thus, similar to the directional antenna pattern described above, the obstacle may hide the presence of the terminal from other terminals, thereby creating a hidden terminal.
A potential solution to the hidden terminal problem due to obstructions is to move or remove the obstruction. However, for practical reasons, this is not always possible. Alternatively, if the loss due to the obstacle can be overcome, it may also be effective to increase the transmission power. For building materials such as stone, brick, concrete, steel and metallized glass, this may not be possible. However, an increase in transmission power may create a new hidden name, as described in the first section, explaining the effect of increasing transmission power.
4. Mobile node
Devices that are otherwise hidden from certain devices may become visible (or unhidden) by moving the device to a new location so that it is within range and thus visible to other devices. Similarly, a device equipped with an antenna whose mode is directional may be visible to previously hidden devices by redirecting the device accordingly. Furthermore, a device equipped with a pattern reconfigurable antenna may adjust its antenna characteristics to make it visible to other devices.
5. Protocol enhancement
Software-based techniques may be used to implement a polling or token passing policy whereby a master device (e.g., an access point) dynamically polls a client device. These clients may send data only when invited by the primary server, eliminating hidden node problems at the cost of increased latency and reduced maximum throughput.
An example of another protocol is handshaking. In the WiFi standard IEEE802.11, the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is used with request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) messages. Here, a client device desiring to transmit data to an access point first transmits an RTS packet to an Access Point (AP), and when the AP is ready to communicate with a client transmitting the RTS packet, it transmits a CTS packet again, thereby allowing communication between the two devices. Since the overhead of short packets can be substantial, a handshake is typically not used, especially when the minimum size is configurable. In order for RTS/CTS to work effectively, all stations must be time synchronized and the length of the exchanged data packets must match the length indicated by RTS/CTS.
Exposed termination problem
The exposed terminal or exposed node problem occurs in WCS when one node cannot send data packets to other nodes due to co-channel interference (risk) with neighboring transmitters.
The exposed node problem is shown in FIG. 25, which includes four devices 2402a-d having similar coverage areas 2404a-d and overlapping their nearest neighbors. A first communication link is established between device a and device B, wherein the latter transmits when the former is received. At some time during the first communication, an attempt is made to establish a second communication between devices C and D. However, device C detects the transmission from device B and therefore does not activate its own transmission due to the risk of co-channel interference with the first communication, even if receiving device D is not within range of transmitting device B (and if a link is to be established, receiving device a will be outside range of transmitting device C).
In other words, fig. 25 shows a graphical representation of the problem of an exposed terminal, wherein four devices form part of a wireless communication network. Due to the communication between a pair of devices, e.g. devices a and B, even if devices B and D are out of range of each other, the second communication between devices C and D may not be prevented due to the risk of co-channel interference between devices B and C.
Solution to the problem of exposing terminals
The IEEE802.11RTS/CTS mechanism discussed above helps to solve the problem of exposed terminals, but provided that the nodes are synchronized and that the packet size and data rate of the two transmitting nodes are the same. When a node hears an RTS from a neighboring node, but does not hear a corresponding CTS, the node may infer that it is an exposed node and allow transmissions to other neighboring nodes. On the other hand, if the nodes are not synchronized (or the data packet sizes are different or the data rates are different), a problem may occur in that the sender cannot hear the CTS or Acknowledgement (ACK) during the transmission of data from the second transmission device. In cellular networks, power control is used to avoid the problem of exposing terminals.
Standardization in 3GPP
Background of CLI framework
In the current CLI framework of version 16[25], there are two CLI metrics:
● RSRP (SRS Selectivity)
● RSSI (Integrated interference power)
RSRP relies on the same SCS between aggressor and victim. The RSSI measurement may be accomplished by any combination of the SCS of the interfering link and the own BS.
To mitigate the effects of CLI, the gNB can exchange and coordinate its intended TDD DL-UL configuration through Xn and F1 interfaces; and the victim UE may be configured to perform CLI measurements. There are two types of CLI measurements:
● SRS-RSRP measurement, wherein the UE measures SRS-RSRP on SRS resources of the aggressive UE. The SRS configuration parameters of the interferer include parameters such as number of symbols, comb structure, cyclic shift of the root Zadoff-Chu sequence, etc.
● CLI-RSSI measurement, where the UE measures the total received power observed on the RSSI resources. The RSSI measurement represents a linear average of the total received power (in W) observed over N resource blocks from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference and thermal noise, in the measurement bandwidth only in some OFDM symbols measuring the time resources.
Layer 3 filtering of CLI measurements is performed and event triggered reporting and periodic reporting is supported. According to [26 ], section 17.2:
● CLI measurement is applicable only in RRC connected state intra-frequency [27], chapters 5.1.19 and 5.1.20:
when SRS-RSRP measurement resources are fully constrained within BW of DL active BWP
These requirements apply when the subcarrier spacing of the SRS-RSRP measurement resource configuration is the same as the subcarrier spacing of the active DL BWP of the serving cell.
● When CLI-RSSI measurement resources are configured in active BWP
The subcarrier spacing of the CLI-RSSI measurement resource configuration may be the same as or different from the subcarrier spacing of the active BWP.
The UE should use SCS of active BWP for CLI-RSSI measurement.
Detailed information of the embodiments
It is noted that in this document, interference mitigation and interference management are used interchangeably.
As described above, the CLI framework currently used for BS-BS interference relies on backhaul-based coordination between the gnbs to handle CLI of the gnbs and UEs. In addition to delays on the backhaul between e.g. the DU and CU to coordinate the transmission/reception modes, in an IAB network there may be several hops between reporting MT/DU and CU, which further increases the delay. Thus, there are complexities and costs associated with coordination-based mechanisms between neighboring cells. The complexity becomes greater when neighboring cells belong to different MNOs. The present invention therefore proposes a two-step interference management/mitigation framework that enables UE/IAB MTs with specific capabilities to cope with interference on two levels:
Long-term interference is referred to as strategic interference handling and short-term interference mitigation is referred to as tactical interference handling. The naming relates to a time scale indicating that strategic interference handling will allow an exemplary two interfering systems to coordinate the radio resources used so that the maximum number of independent scheduling decisions can be facilitated while remaining resource contention/collision can be resolved by a reasonable number of tactical (short term) interference handling methods. The general purpose of this dual-layer interference processing method is to support distributed decisions as much as possible and to solve the remaining interference problems locally at the lowest level between the interference source and the interference victim, where possible. This becomes particularly important for CLI channels at the terminal/device side, since the device distribution and associated inter-device CLI are a priori unknown and may change over time due to device mobility and independent scheduling decisions of different base stations, even if known after initial observation.
Long-term interference mitigation is typically handled at layer 3 (L3) of the protocol stack according to mechanisms specified, for example, in 3GPP, where statistical averaging of measurement reports is performed. Thus, long-term interference mitigation is expected to operate on a longer time scale, on the order of seconds, minutes, or longer. Short-term interference mitigation, on the other hand, is typically handled at layers 1 and 2 (L1/L2) of the protocol stack, and is expected to operate on a time scale of between a few to hundreds of milliseconds, even microseconds, and sometimes even seconds.
Long-term interference mitigation (strategy) may be based on
Reporting by the UE or IAB-MT to the gNB, which takes action based on the reported interference
Observation/measurement of CLI by UE/device/node, including resulting statistics such as interference temperature, periodicity of CLI events, spectrum, temporal or spatial characteristics of the interferer.
Short-term interference mitigation (tactical) may include or be based on
Enhanced LBT mechanism
Adaptive of a receive spatial filter (antenna mode adaptation) or a spectral filter (RF filter)
O space preemption
An example may be given where users are scheduled on time slots (via different MNOs) with overlapping directions. Users do so if they can solve the interference between them (i.e., tactically). Otherwise, they report to the base station. In short, this means that the device/node does so as long as its capabilities and/or channel conditions allow its own local interference suppression method, as long as there is sufficient knowledge of the interfering signal, including the structure of the interfering channel, source or interference. If local self-contained interference suppression is not feasible or does not reach the desired interference suppression level, the interferer should be required to mitigate the interference by changing/adjusting its transmission strategy. To facilitate such supporting actions, the device/node may communicate directly with the interferer and/or inform its own serving base station/communication partner of the interferer or other descriptive identifier/parameter, thereby being able to identify the identity of the interferer. Furthermore, the victim device/node may contact/communicate with the disturber's serving BS/communication partner to request/trigger a change/adaptation of the disturber's transmission policy. Furthermore, if a pattern causing interference can be identified, the shifting of the TDD structure can also be performed by the BS of the victim or interferer.
Fig. 26 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method 2600 according to an embodiment. Fig. 26 provides a high-level overview of the enhancement procedure of CLI interference management procedure 2600, focusing on the UE/IAB-MT case, according to an embodiment. In a first step 2610 after start 2605, the UE receives an enhanced CLI-mitigation command. These commands include CLI measurement configuration and execution conditions of the enhanced CLI-mitigation procedure. Then, the UE evaluates the execution condition of the L1/L2 enhanced CLI-mitigation procedure in 2620. Alternatively, the UE may receive a notification signal, e.g., based on a conventional UE measurement report, indicating that the condition triggering the L1/L2 enhanced CLI management procedure has been met.
If the conditions determined at 2640 to warrant an additional, enhanced L3 CLI-mitigation procedure remain after performing the L1/L2 CLI-mitigation procedure at 2630, the UE will continue to perform at 2650. Otherwise, the process ends, 2660.
FIG. 27a shows a schematic flow chart of a method 2700 according to an embodiment and describes a more detailed two-step CLI mitigation method, focusing on procedural aspects of the L1/L2CLI mitigation mechanism. The method contemplates enhancing current measurement configuration and reporting mechanisms by defining and separating L1/L2 (short term) and L3 CLI mitigation (long term) measurement techniques.
Currently, CLI measurements on the UE or IAB-MT side rely on existing measurement frameworks. The detailed information of the CLI measurement resource configuration is given in the CLI measurement object MeasObjectCLI information element, configured by RRC [28], p.449-450. These measurement resources are configured by the gNB, generally representing resources that can potentially be configured as UL resources in neighboring cells. Typically, inter-node signaling of dynamic TDD configurations is used for the configuration of these resources. However, in case of SRS CLI measurements, for example, it cannot be assumed that the framework can meet the adjacent channel interference, i.e. inter MNO case, because the SRS configuration of the interfering UE needs to be known by the base station in order to be provided to the affected UE. On the other hand, RSSI-based CLI measurement can measure all co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference, which means that it can be used when the interference comes from the same or different operators.
The measurement report may be configured to be periodic, semi-permanent or non-periodic, which also depends on the measurement resource type (periodic/semi-permanent or non-periodic), as shown in fig. 27b [29]. In order to understand the potential improvement of interference measurement assessment, it is important to know the main characteristics of CSI-RS, which is the core of NR downlink measurement. That is, the CSI-RS supports single-port and multi-port transmission, and a maximum of 32 antenna ports may be configured. While CSI-RS is always configured on a per device basis, the same set of CSI-RS resources may be configured/shared by multiple devices, thus shared, i.e. separated by codes, frequencies (different subcarriers in a symbol) or time domains (different symbols in a slot).
Fig. 27b shows a schematic table indicating possible intervals for reporting the detected interference, e.g. reports to be sent in 2770 and/or 2780, according to an embodiment. For example, periodic, semi-persistent and/or aperiodic reports may be supported by scheduling through periodic resource allocation, while semi-persistent scheduling may at least allow semi-persistent and/or aperiodic reports. For example, aperiodic resource allocation may allow aperiodic reporting.
The CSI-RS resources may start from any OFDM symbol of the slot and typically occupy 1/2/4 OFDM symbols depending on the number of ports configured. In the frequency domain, CSI-RS is configured for a given downlink bandwidth portion, then it is assumed that CSI-RS is confined within that bandwidth portion and the number of that bandwidth portion is used. The CSI-RS may be configured to cover the full bandwidth of the bandwidth portion or to cover only a small portion of the bandwidth. In the latter case, the CSI-RS bandwidth and the frequency domain starting position are provided as part of the CSI-RS configuration. Within the configured CSI-RS bandwidth, CSI-RS may be configured for transmission in each resource block, referred to as CSI-RS density equal to 1. The CSI-RS may also be configured for transmission of only every other resource block, referred to as a CSI-RS density equal to 1/2. For more details, please see [29, 13].
CSI-RS may be periodic, aperiodic (event triggered) and semi-permanent, configured by RRC signaling. The aperiodic transmission instance is notified to the UE through DCI, and activation/deactivation of semi-persistent resource transmission is performed using a MAC control element.
Further, CSI-RS may be configured as Zero Power (ZP) and non-zero power (NZP) resources [29.[ Dahlman ]. These resources are configured via an existing downlink measurement framework that uses higher layer signaling and one or more CSI resource settings. They may include channel and interference measurement resources configured as follows:
non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources for channel measurement [30], part 5.2.2.3.1
NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement [30], part 5.2.2.3.1
CSI interference measurement resource for interference measurement [30], part 5.2.2.4
The NZP CSI-RS is used for channel measurement and on this basis the remaining interference can be estimated by subtracting the expected received signal from the signal actually received on the CSI-RS resource [29]. On the other hand, the CSI-IM enables direct measurement of interference, measurement of resources interfering with the gNB transmitting CSI-RS or resources interfering with the gNB transmitting data. Further, within BWP, the UE may configure one or more Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS resources that are not available for PDSCH of the serving element [30], part 5.1.4. This enables the UE to estimate inter-cell interference.
However, additional configurations are contemplated herein. That is, the current measurement configuration and reporting mechanism should be enhanced by short-term and long-term interference measurement configurations and reporting corresponding to L1/L2 and enhanced L3 mitigation techniques. In order to improve the impact of CLI measurements and subsequent actions on the considered resources, especially in case of e.g. CLI-RSSI, the UE may have the ability to enhance the evaluation of CLI by combining and deducing from the existing downlink and CLI-measurements. In enhancing interference estimation (e.g., CLI), the measurement configuration may group measurements on particular frequencies and antenna resources, e.g., using the measurements discussed above. Better interference estimation can be achieved by combining, e.g., summing and subtracting, channel measurements on CSI-RS, including residual interference, CSI-IM interference measurements, measurements on CSI-RS ZP resources, and CLI measurements. Obviously, only the corresponding measurements on the same resource blocks and/or subcarriers and slots/symbols should be combined. Similar methods, in combination with other measurements and derived parameters, such as estimated angle of arrival, may be applied to determine the type of interference, such as ICI or CLI.
The following is an example of how existing CLI measurements can be classified:
coarse CLI measurement based on regular time slot observations (L3)
■ Classifying time slots by, for example, RSSI (interference temperature as average)
Fine CLI measurement
■ The time slot of own system can be refined at symbol level
■ The bandwidth portion BWP is used to control,
further refinement of CLI measurements (providing a similar framework) using RSRP (SRS or SSB)
■ The time slot of own system can be refined at symbol level
■BWP
■ Resource blocks and/or subcarriers
Returning to fig. 27a, after start-up 2705, in a first step 2720, if the victim receiver (e.g., UE or IAB-MT) has the required capabilities, please refer to decision 2710, the base station/CU provides additional CLI measurement configuration, reporting and execution conditions for CLI mitigation technique invocation.
Both transmission (as well as measurement) and reporting may be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic. The evaluation process is initiated based on a previously provided configuration or a signal triggered by e.g. a DU or CU. The evaluation process also has a timer associated therewith. Upon expiration of the evaluation timer, the condition is evaluated and if the UE/IAB-MT detects at 2730 that the CLI measurement exceeds a predefined threshold, short-term interference mitigation techniques may be invoked at 2740.
CLI threshold may be defined as an interference power level or range of power levels, but may also include aspects such as angle of arrival or differential angle of arrival relative to the main lobe. L1/L2 interference mitigation techniques may include spatial Rx spatial filter adaptation and/or sensing. Different sensing techniques may be invoked here. Each L1/L2 CLI-mitigation technique has an associated execution timer that performs CLI measurements upon expiration of the timer. If the L1/L2 sensing mechanism does not reduce the CLI disturbance below the required predefined threshold (evaluated in 2750) within a predefined period, then enhanced L3 CLI mitigation techniques are invoked to reach 2760. Alternatively, if the L1/L2 sensing mechanism does reduce CLI interference below the required predefined threshold within a predefined period of time, the final CLI assessment may be reported in 2770.
However, if the UE or IAB-MT does not support such enhanced CLI mitigation ("no" in 2710), then existing L3 CLI measurements/reports may be triggered 2780.
Method 2700 may end at 2790, which also allows for repetition of method 2700.
In the following, several embodiments of the invention are defined and explained in more detail. Embodiments relate to measuring and/or processing interference, in particular CLI and ICI.
Embodiments may be implemented in devices such as UEs, ioT devices, and/or base stations as described above by implementing additional functionality in terms of measurements, recording, and/or reporting. To implement the solution, the devices or means described herein, such as devices 26, 30, 40, 45, 50, 11, 20, 31 and/or MLRD, may be used or adapted.
1.1 scheduling
CLI and/or ICI may be avoided or mitigated by adjusting the scheduling of one or more scheduled entities. The schedule may be at least part of a communication configuration determined to organize communications for the wireless communication system and/or devices within its cells.
Such wireless communication systems may be operated by one or more base stations of an organization itself, possibly other base stations, and/or other devices such as UEs and/or IoT devices. However, the base station may be controlled by a supervising entity or the like.
According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system, such as the system 1800 and/or 2800 shown in fig. 28, comprises base stations BS1, BS2, the base stations BS1 and BS2 being adapted to schedule communication of a plurality of devices UE1, UE2 using a communication configuration, but it is also possible to schedule BS1 and BS2, the plurality of devices comprising reporting device UE1. The reporting device UE1 is configured to perform communication in a wireless communication system according to a communication configuration, e.g. according to a schedule.
The reporting device UE1 is configured to use information indicating a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system, i.e. a subset of at least two reference signals, more than two or even all reference signals. The reporting device UE1 is adapted to determine an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system for each reference signal of the set of reference signals by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the reporting device UE1 through the reference signals of the set of reference signals. The amount of interference may be related to the level or different amounts of interference, e.g., the power level detected at one or more time slots and/or on one or more resources, the number of interfered time slots and/or resources, etc.
The reporting device UE1 is configured to report measurement reports based on measurement results to the wireless communication system. For example, signal 2802 may be transmitted to BS1 serving UE 1. Alternatively, signal 2802 containing the report may be transmitted to a different device using an appropriate communication channel.
Optionally, the reporting device UE1 may also record the results of the measurements and/or information derived therefrom to obtain a log, which may be reported on request or based on a decision by the reporting device UE1 based on the communication configuration. The operation of the device is not limited to reporting and/or recording, but may also include observation and/or measurement of at least a portion of the network.
The wireless communication system is configured to adapt a communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information related to the reference signal used by the other devices. The information related to the reference signal may include one or more of the following: identifier, time/frequency domain configuration, comb structure, sequence used, including cyclic shift, etc., e.g. for sounding reference signals SRS. The wireless communication system may adapt the configuration or scheduling of, for example, the victim of interference and/or the aggressor of interference.
Reporting devices operating according to the solution may operate, for example, according to the MLRD described herein, and may extend MLRD functionality according to the solution.
According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system is configured for identifying an interferer causing interference to a reporting device; and for adjusting the communication configuration of the reporting device and/or the interferer to reduce the amount of interference. Identification may involve determining any information, such as an ID or the like, to allow identification of the interferer when interference is detected. Thus, other information may be used in addition to the identifier associated with the device itself, such as a reference signal (e.g., containing patterns and/or identifiers in a time/frequency grid), an ID of a filter, etc., may be used to identify the interferer. For example, the aggressor and the victim belong to the same gNB and/or one of the victim and the aggressor is a gNB.
According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system is configured for further identifying interferers potentially causing interference to other devices in the vicinity of a reporting device, and for adjusting the communication configuration of the reporting device and/or interferer to reduce the amount of interference. However, the adjustment of the communication configuration is not limited to these two devices, but may also include other devices, e.g., other devices in the vicinity of the victim and/or devices that must be rescheduled based on rescheduling of the victim and/or aggressor. For example, adjustments to the communication configuration may be made to achieve overall mitigation of interference in the cell and/or network, which may include, in some examples, increasing interference to one or more nodes, e.g., nodes that may handle additional interference in order to reduce interference at other nodes.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is configured to obtain measurement results based on uplink resources scheduled to the reporting device for obtaining information related to interferers causing interference to the reporting device and to obtain information related to interferers potentially causing interference to other devices based on uplink resources scheduled to other devices for measurement.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is configured to measure the interference by observing the transmission signals of the other devices, e.g. in the current uplink time slot of the other devices, and to perform the measurement when the reporting device is in the receiving mode, e.g. during the current downlink DL and/or uplink UL time slot. We can use uplink time slots for measurements, but it is not clear whether these UL resources belong to the system of devices or to the system of "other" devices, where other devices refer to devices of another system/base station. In the context of a currently used UL/DL configuration (e.g., TDD), the current UL slot may become the DL slot in the future configuration. In this embodiment, interference may be measured, e.g., observing the transmitted signal in the current UL slot of the other device, and performing the measurement while the measuring device is in the receive mode, e.g., during the current DL and/or UL slots. For example, when considering full duplex, embodiments are not limited to full duplex, but rather allow for such implementation: the meaning of UL and DL slots becomes more ambiguous, and thus embodiments may also involve measuring the transmit signal from the device itself (self-interference), the transmit signal from another base station in DL (inter-cell interference) or the transmit signal from other UEs in D2D or UL (cross-link interference).
According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations. The reporting device is configured for reporting the measurement report to the base station UE1, which base station UE1 is the first base station and is the scheduling base station of the reporting device, i.e. the serving base station. The wireless communication system may be configured to identify an interferer causing interference to the reporting device, the interferer being scheduled by a different second base station, e.g., UE2 served by BS2, and interfering with UE1 causing interference 1806b, as shown in fig. 18 a/b. The first base station may adjust the communication configuration of the reporting device to mitigate interference, e.g., adjust the victim's schedule. Alternatively or additionally, the first base station may provide information to the second base station such that the second base station may adjust the communication configuration of the interferer based on the information to mitigate the interference.
It is noted that the reporting device may detect interference at its own location. At the network side and/or at the reporting device, such information may be used to identify other devices, e.g. devices in the vicinity or proximity of the reporting device, and possibly also at least potential victims of interference, which may also be used to change the communication configuration of the potential victims, e.g. based on a reporting set comprising reports from other devices and/or by avoiding such reports from other devices that may avoid network traffic.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is adapted to transmit advice to the base station regarding future communication configurations, e.g. based on a listen-before-talk procedure or an enhanced listen-before-talk procedure as described herein.
According to an embodiment, the wireless communication system is adapted to determine the communication configuration based on the report received from the reporting device using information about the interferer and its caused interference in the wireless communication system to obtain an overall mitigating interference to the scheduling device based on the optimization criteria. Such optimization criteria may be, for example, a local minimum for each node, each node perceiving interference below a threshold that may be device-individual, group-individual (e.g., groups of different types of devices such as IoT, UE, …, and/or groups of different distances to reporting devices, e.g., assuming that the farther away from the reporting victim, the less interference is reduced, etc.), or valid for all devices.
According to an embodiment, the wireless communication is configured for determining a type of interference from the measurement result or the measurement report and for including type information indicative of the type into the measurement report. For example, the type may be a classification regarding the type in frequency and/or time domain, such as CLI/ICI, mode. For example, the report may be provided based on or using the resources shown in FIG. 27 b. The device may be configured to evaluate the interference type based at least in part on the configured measurements and/or angle of arrival estimates.
According to embodiments of the present solution and/or other solutions, the device may be adapted to report the measurement report using at least one uplink resource and/or at least one flexible resource.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is adapted to take measurements continuously, repeatedly or on request and to decide whether to report a measurement report based on decision criteria applied to the measurement results. For example, the reporting device may report only if it detects interference above a certain threshold and/or if it is requested by the requesting node.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is adapted for evaluating the measurement results and for generating a measurement report comprising the evaluation results. For example, the evaluation result may be transmitted with signal 2802, e.g., as an alternative or in addition to the measurement result. The evaluation may comprise, for example, the location of the interference source, detailed information about the interference, such as temporal and/or spatial patterns, etc. For example, the reporting device may estimate the interference power based on the previously described combined measurements and the estimation of the AoA of the interferer by using different AoA estimation techniques.
According to an embodiment, the reporting device is adapted to generate the measurement report by shrinking, compressing or summarizing a set of measurement results, which may allow to reduce the amount of data transmitted.
An apparatus for operating in a wireless communication system according to the solution, e.g. a reporting apparatus is configured for performing communication in the wireless communication system and scheduling communication of the apparatus according to a communication configuration obtained from a base station of the wireless communication system. The apparatus is configured to use information indicative of a set of reference signals for use in a wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal of the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signals of the set of reference signals. The device is configured to generate a measurement report based on the measurement result and report the measurement report to the wireless communication system.
According to embodiments, the observed interference may be related to the link of the reporting device and possibly other devices and links in the vicinity of the reporting device. That is, the device may be configured, for example, to record measurements.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for estimating a type of interference from the measurement result and for including type information indicating the type into the measurement report.
The base station BS1 and/or BS2 configured to operate in a wireless communication system according to the solution is adapted to schedule communication of a plurality of devices, including reporting devices, using a communication configuration. The base station is configured to receive a report, e.g., using signal 2802 generated by a reporting device, the measurement report indicating an amount of interference perceived by the reporting device through a reference signal of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system. The base station is configured to adapt a communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information about reference signals used by the other devices.
In other words, the solution involves avoiding by scheduling of different time slots or BWP or spatial domains.
The report to be transmitted in the embodiments described herein for this or a different solution may be transmitted by using uplink symbols and/or slots of a TDD frame implemented in a wireless communication system and/or using flexible symbols and/or slots. As an example, fig. 27c shows different possible configurations 2702 of an example TDD slot with different configurations considering the distribution and number of uplink symbols U and downlink symbols D and the flexible symbol "-" 1 To 2702 N Is shown schematically. For example, uplink symbols may be used to transmit measurement reports. Embodiments are not limited to a particular configuration of TDD time slots, nor to a TDD configuration, but instead or in addition other multiplexing techniques may be used, such as frequency division duplex, FDD, code division duplex, and/or spatial multiplexing. In other words, such a configuration may be part of the system design so that the gNB knows exactly when within a slot/frame, e.g., the UE transmits "can receive in x+n symbols/m slots", and thus knows when it will be scheduled to receive. There are also flexible symbols/slots in TDD mode that can be used for intelligent reporting. Embodiments relate to using flexible symbols/slots in TDD mode for intelligent reporting.
1.2 adaptation of spatial reception filter of victim
While solution 1.1 involves adjusting a communication configuration, such as scheduling, to mitigate interference, at least for the victim, the victim can adjust its spatial receive filter. That is, the preferred direction of the sensitivity of the victim's antenna element may be changed, for example, to reduce the sensitivity or the direction of impact of aggressor interference. In one example, zeros of the antenna reception pattern may be directed to an aggressor while potentially accepting reduced sensitivity in a direction toward an intended transmitter (e.g., a base station). Even if zero is unsuitable, at least the reduced sensitivity may be directed towards the aggressor compared to the case where the victim is disturbed, e.g. above a predefined threshold level.
An apparatus configured for communication in a wireless communication system according to such a solution comprises an antenna unit. The antenna elements may be formed according to the antenna arrangements described herein, i.e. with one or more antenna panels, wherein each antenna panel may comprise one or more antennas. By using the antenna element together with the receive filter and/or the transmit filter, the directionality for the received signal and for the transmitted signal, respectively, may be affected and a method, also referred to as beamforming, may be performed by the device.
The apparatus is configured to use antenna element selection and use a first one of a set of different spatial reception filters as a selected filter for communication in the wireless communication system to achieve directional selectivity of signals received with the antenna element; wherein each spatial receive filter is associated with a main direction of directional sensitivity; wherein the device is configured to receive a signal from a communication partner using the first spatial reception filter.
The device may be configured to perform a measurement procedure at a different time than the communication, the measurement procedure comprising selecting the selected filter according to a direction of the interfering link towards the device, the interfering link interfering with the device. For example, the receive beam pattern may be directed to an interfering link.
The apparatus is configured to use information indicative of a set of reference signals, e.g., some or all of the reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal of the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with the communication by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signals of the set of reference signals.
The apparatus may be adapted to select a second spatial filter for the communication based on the measurement to mitigate interference perceived by the first spatial receive filter. For example, different directivities are implemented to reduce interference. That is, the device may deviate from using standard procedures, such as filters determined or obtained during beam mapping procedures, to reduce perceived interference. This decision and/or adaptation may be reported to one or more other nodes, e.g., an intended transmitter from which a signal is intended to be received, which may allow another device, i.e., a transmitter, to optionally select a different transmit beam pattern, e.g., with a changed multipath component.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for selecting the selected filter according to a direction of the interfering link towards the device based on information indicative of a control resource set CORESET of the interfering link.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for monitoring at least one of:
● Physical broadcast channel PBCH;
● Demodulation reference signal PBCH DM-RS in PBCH;
● A primary synchronization signal, PSS;
● The secondary synchronization signal, SSS,
to obtain measurement results and to obtain information indicative of CORESET from the measurement results.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for reporting information indicative of at least one of
● A spatial receive filter for the measurement process;
● A control resource set CORESET of the interfering link;
● A first spatial reception filter;
● Second spatial receiving filter
● The amount of interference perceived by the first spatial reception filter; and
● The amount of interference perceived by the second spatial reception filter.
For example, a device operating according to the present solution may operate according to the MLRD described herein, and MLRD functionality may be extended according to the solution.
1.3 adaptation of spatial transmit filters for aggressors
According to this solution, sensing may be used to adapt the Tx filter as part of this process.
Instead of or as an alternative to employing the spatial filter of the victim, i.e. the receive filter, the spatial transmit filter of the aggressor, i.e. the interferer, may be changed or adapted. Both solutions, i.e. changing the victim filter and/or the aggressor filter, may be performed alone or together with each other and may also be performed together with or independently of the change of the communication configuration. That is, these solutions are not mutually exclusive, but may be performed together in any configuration, as is the case with the solutions described below.
The device according to the present solution may be a first device and be configured for communication in a wireless communication system, e.g. one of a base station and/or a UE in the network 1800 or 2800, the device comprising an antenna element and being adapted to establish a link with the base station.
The device is configured to select a first spatial transmit filter for transmitting signals with the antenna element based on a beam-mapping procedure with the base station. That is, the device may select a regular spatial transmit beam.
The device is configured to use information indicative of a transmission time of a signal from a different second device. For example, a device may listen to a broadcast channel or other information source to obtain information from other devices in the same or different cells and/or networks. The device measures interference caused by the second device to the first device during transmission and via the interference channel. That is, based on knowledge of the potential victim at the time of transmission, the potential aggressor listens for signals transmitted by the potential victim using the selected receive filter.
The device is configured to derive information indicative of an amount of interference caused by the first device to the second device using a reciprocal channel assumption with respect to the interfering channel. That is, the device determines how the potential victim interferes with the potential aggressor. Thus, and based on the reciprocal channel assumption, the device that is the potential aggressor determines how it interferes with the potential victim.
The device is configured to select a different second spatial transmission filter based on the information indicative of the amount of interference to mitigate interference of the first device to the second device. That is, based on the obtained knowledge, the device attempts to reduce the impact of its signal on the victim within the boundary, e.g., to ensure reliable communication with the intended receiver of the potential aggressor.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for measuring interference caused to the first device by the second device via the interference channel during the transmission time using the matched spatial reception filter to obtain a direction-selective main direction towards the second device; the interference power is estimated based on the maximum interference thus measured.
The device may be configured to calculate an appropriate spatial receive filter to mitigate interference caused by the second device and may derive information indicative of the amount of interference caused by the first device by providing an estimate of interference that would be caused when transmitting using a similar or equivalent spatial transmit filter (e.g., based on beam correspondences). The device is configured to select a different second spatial transmit filter to mitigate interference.
In other words, the solution is related to the variation of the spatial transmission filter of the aggressor.
In the CLI interference case, the interference between UEs or between base stations is shown in fig. 18 and/or 19.
Base stations are typically assumed to be deployed in fixed geographic locations with fixed or repeated directional coverage and range (e.g., excluding mobile IAB nodes), while UEs are typically distributed within the coverage of their serving base stations, so two users served by different base stations may be far apart or very close together. Thus, the combination of near far CLI conditions and possibly different relative distances between the base station and its associated users, when accessing the same or adjacent channels simultaneously, creates hidden or exposed terminal conditions and associated communication problems.
Although cellular networks typically do not or do not necessarily operate in LBT mode, in dynamic TDD they can be seen similar to the problem of hiding or exposing terminals due to the presence of CLI and considering that not every gNB/IAB node knows the scheduling decisions of other gNB/IAB nodes.
Various approaches have been proposed in the literature to solve the above problems. Many of them do not solve the problem and lead to the introduction of more problems; for example, a sharp increase in transmit power reduces the hidden terminal problem for two different radio links while increasing the interference range and thus creating new and more hidden nodes if there are more radio links nearby.
In the present invention, by utilizing side information (interference measurement, monitoring and potential source identification), a number of solution components have been identified that address the hidden and exposed node problems. The principles and related processes thereof are presented and described below.
1.4 enhanced listen-before-send and probability Transmission authorization advertisement eLBT
This solution relies on the principle that the victim (receiver) signals when the transmitter transmits a signal, assuming that the interferer/aggressor is silent.
The solutions provided herein, which may be combined with one or more other similarly described aspects, are based on the finding that by listening to uplink and/or downlink and/or flexible time slots, should be used to determine that such future time slots are suitable for a device.
The device according to the present solution is configured for communication in a wireless communication system, e.g. 1800 and/or 2800, and for receiving signals from communication partners, e.g. from a base station and/or different devices, such as UEs.
The device is configured for observing a set of, i.e. at least one, at least two or more time slots, even all time slots of the wireless communication system, which may be all downlink time slots, all uplink time slots or flexible time slots or a combination thereof [29] as shown in fig. 27c, e.g. during transmission or reception of signals by a communication partner. For example, a device may be a UE, e.g., operating at least in part according to an MLRD configuration, and to mitigate CLI, UL communications for different UEs may be observed. For example, a device may be configured to also observe transmissions of other transmitting UEs or gnbs in flexible slots or certain UL slots that are not scheduled for transmission.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for requesting a scheduling of downlink and/or uplink signals from the communication partner in at least one selected future radio resource, and an indication of which radio resource is to be used.
According to an embodiment, the indication comprises at least one of a priority, a non-priority, a white list, a black list and a forbidden indication of future radio resources.
The device is configured to measure, for each time slot, interference occurring within the time slot to obtain a measurement result. The device is configured to report measurement results or information derived therefrom to a wireless communication system, e.g., a base station, a UE, etc. This derived information may be a measurement report. For example, signal 2802 or a different signal may be used for transmission.
The transmitted information may allow the base station or a different scheduling entity to determine the time slots appropriate for the device. Alternatively, the device may have indicated one or more particular time slots that it deems appropriate. This may include a basis for selecting at the scheduler, which may select one or more or all of the proposed time slots.
Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to determine at least one selected future time slot based on the measurement results and based on the interference criteria.
The device is configured to transmit information indicative of at least one future time slot to the wireless communication system; and/or for requesting scheduling of downlink and/or uplink signals from the communication partner in at least one selected future time slot.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for measuring interference as cross-link interference perceived from at least one link of the different devices.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for being based on receiving a reference signal, such as a sounding reference signal, SRS; and/or measuring interference based on an evaluation of signal power received as cross-link interference from at least one link of a different device. That is, the CLI may also be determined by measuring RSSI on configured resources, which may be resources that transmit SRS, but do not necessarily represent SRS RSRP.
According to an embodiment, the set of time slots is based on the time when other devices in communication with the communication partner are operating in the transmit mode and the devices are operating in the receive mode.
According to an embodiment, the device determines statistics from the measurements indicating the appropriate time slots in the past time; and deriving the selected future time slot using statistics as a time slot expected to allow successful decoding of the signal transmitted to or by the device.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured to determine the candidate as the selected future time slot based on a decision whether the candidate of the future time slot meets a predetermined criterion regarding transmission quality. For example, such criteria may relate to the amount of interference, bit error rate, likelihood of retransmission required, transmission power required for transmission, or a combination thereof.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for determining the selected future time slot as an interference level expected to have at most a first interference threshold or amount of interference and/or at least a second interference threshold.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured for determining the selected future time slot based on at least one of the following probabilities:
● Packet collisions in the selected future time slots,
● The device is out of coverage during a selected future time slot
● In the selected future time slot, the data packet loss is greater than a threshold
● In the selected future time slot, the signal-to-interference ratio SIR exceeds a predetermined threshold
● Packet erasure events over multiple retransmissions that occur when using a selected future time slot.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured to receive an indication from the wireless communication system indicating that the device is scheduled to receive information in a time slot in response to transmitting the information or a request; wherein the device is configured to send an acknowledgement signal, such as a clear-to-send CTS, to the wireless communication system indicating acknowledgement of the indicated time slot, and/or wherein the device is configured to send a reject or reject signal to the wireless communication system indicating rejection of the indicated time slot. Rejection may also be indicated as optional, such as sending a rejection signal, which may be interpreted as a rejection. Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to send a data packet retransmission request signal to the wireless communication system indicating an expected error detection or channel degradation of the indicated radio resources. That is, when having knowledge about expected future interference or expected that future signals may be error-prone by using future radio resources to receive, retransmission may have been requested prior to transmission. For example, the device may be configured to transmit information indicative of the plurality of selected future radio resources to the wireless communication system; and/or for requesting retransmission of downlink data packets from the communication partner in the plurality of selected future radio resources. The indication may indicate a subset of the plurality of future radio resources as its selection.
According to an embodiment, a device is configured to transmit information indicative of a plurality of selected future time slots to a wireless communication system; and/or for requesting scheduling of downlink signals from the communication partner in a plurality of selected future time slots. The indication represents a subset of the plurality of future time slots as a selection thereof.
According to an embodiment, the device is configured to send a preemption signal to the wireless communication system prior to the selected future time slot to indicate an expected signal in the selected future time slot.
The preemption signal may be used to indicate the intended receipt and/or future transmission of the signal to other devices. Thus, other devices may be requested to avoid interference, e.g., by avoiding transmissions, to improve reception and/or transmission by the device. The device may be configured to send a preemption signal to a device of the same wireless communication system to indicate an expected signal in the selected future radio resource and/or to a device of another wireless communication system configured to send in the selected future radio resource.
According to an embodiment, the measured time slots comprise at least one uplink time slot and/or at least one downlink time slot; and/or the future time slot is an uplink time slot or a downlink time slot.
In other words, listen Before Talk (LBT) is a widely established concept for various communication protocols, such as WiFi (IEEE 802.11 series) and NR-U, which works well enough with low user count and/or overlapping base station footprints. However, LBT is prone to hidden and exposed node problems, which are suggested to be solved by the following procedure:
assume a UE-UE CLI situation in a flexible TDD scenario, where neighboring base stations use different TDD frame formats, resulting in unidirectional or bidirectional CLI between UEs or groups of UEs belonging to different base stations. Although multiuser scheduling in DL and UL is scheduled by the corresponding serving base station for each group, multiuser interference in UL and DL can be adequately addressed by existing channel feedback and scheduling mechanisms and related protocols.
Although inter-cell interference (ICI) in DL and UL may be coordinated between each other by a serving base station with interference measurements of UEs or at least with base stations belonging to the same MNO at the base station side, further side information and/or further information exchange is required when such concepts are to be extended to multiple MNOs operating in e.g. adjacent parts of the spectrum.
In the case of UE (a) -UE (b) CLI, when receiving data from its associated base stations in DL, typically at least one of the UEs is becoming a victim, while another UE has sent to each associated base station in UL. Since UL and DL scheduling is typically performed independently by each UE base station, this victim-aggressor pairing situation depends on scheduling and proximity of the two UEs.
In our given scenario, the receiving UE is observing, for example, all DL slots from its base station and the presence of CLI in a particular slot that listens for SRS or other reference signals from UEs belonging to the group of UEs active in the transmit mode while the UE is still in the receive mode.
CLI may be measured based on RS using configured SRS (RSRP) or CLI RSSI. Furthermore, the UE may create statistics of the interference levels observed, for example, in the time, frequency spectrum and/or spatial domain, in order to understand meaningfully the proximity of the interferers, their spatial distribution, the effective near-far behavior due to the different allocated transmission bandwidths, etc.
Furthermore, the UE may use these statistics to determine the appropriate time slot for future use in DL by its base station, where appropriate means that the expected/estimated CLI will be below a certain threshold, allowing the UE to successfully detect DL signals/data from its own BS. The level or amount of interference may be determined at one of different levels/classes. For example, a symbol level may be used such that this is also a short-term interference mitigation mechanism based on immediate sensing.
Detailed information about the hybrid TDD slots (featuring UL and DL symbols) and frames will be provided.
Such signaling of potentially secure radio resources in e.g. time or frequency is denoted as extended LBT with probability of transmitting grant announcements or requests.
As a practical example, this may be achieved by:
the UE is observing the occurrence of interference within the selected time window and summarizing/determining the appropriate time slots/BWP for future transmissions by the gNB to the UE
● There may be several levels of "suitability", e.g. very safe/suitable, e.g. in ICI-only timeslots, medium safe/suitable, e.g. in CLI timeslots where sparse or low level interference is observed, or possibly low level suitability for best effort transmission.
● Such a security/suitability level may also be expressed as a Low Interference Indication (LII) or High Interference Indication (HII) associated with a threshold associated with the intended transmission, possibly including MCS level, qoS or probability indicator, e.g. the following probabilities, in terms of the intended transmission/channel quality, e.g. the intended/predicted CQI (channel quality indication)
The packet collision is indicated as o,
outside the coverage area
O packet loss above threshold
O SIR exceeds a threshold value
Packet erasure event on multiple retransmissions
O, etc.
The UE signals that these slots are suitable/good enough for future DL transmissions to the gNB, or
Requesting the gNB to use these slots for the next transmission
● This may be understood as a "ready to receive" (RTR) command, the receiver triggering the transmitter to take action.
The gNB includes this information in the scheduling decision and will schedule the UE on a specific slot.
If the UE recognizes that the sudden interference occurring in the scheduled time slot has exceeded the tolerable level of damage to the DL transmission, then
● The UE will signal to the gNB that the previous safe/appropriate slot status is no longer valid, an
● The gNB will schedule retransmissions and another new data packet transmission on alternate slots where validity is still desired.
An alternative implementation more similar to the classical RTS/CTS protocol is as follows:
the UE is observing the occurrence of interference within a selected time window and summarizing/determining the appropriate time slots/BWP for future transmission of the gNB to the UE
● There may be several levels of "suitability", e.g. very safe/suitable, e.g. in ICI-only timeslots, medium safe/suitable, e.g. in CLI timeslots where sparse or low level interference is observed, or possibly low level suitability for best effort transmission.
● Such a security/suitability level may also be expressed as a Low Interference Indication (LII) or High Interference Indication (HII) associated with a threshold associated with the intended transmission, possibly including MCS level, qoS or probability indicator, e.g. the following probabilities, in terms of the intended transmission/channel quality, e.g. the intended/predicted CQI (channel quality indication)
The packet collision is indicated as o,
outside the coverage area
O packet loss above threshold
O SIR exceeds a threshold value
Packet erasure event on multiple retransmissions
O, etc.
The gNB signals to the UE that it intends to use the reported time slot (marked as appropriate/good enough for future DL transmissions) for the upcoming transmission, e.g., in the next frame, which is an RTS (request to send) signaling from the gNB to the UE
● DL scheduling attempt advertisement may include a description of time slots and/or BWP
The UE will respond in the form of a CTS (clear to send) message, which still expects that the channel will be suitable for use in the near future.
The gNB will schedule the UE data packet on the acknowledged slot after receiving the CTS message. If the UE recognizes that the sudden interference occurring in the predetermined time slot has exceeded the tolerable level of damage to the DL transmission
● The UE will signal to the gNB that the previous safe/appropriate slot status is no longer valid; and
● The gNB will schedule retransmissions and another new data packet transmission on alternate slots where validity is still desired.
Alternatively, the UE may send a preemption beacon/signal/message at or after sending the CTS to its gNB to trigger the potential aggressor not to send in future time slots.
● One style of solution may be to implicitly address/indicate future resources according to a codebook/look-up table that describes the relationship between preempting beacons/signals/messages and the time slots/BWP that are aggressive for preemption.
It should be noted that the above mechanism, while conceived to operate on a time scale spanning several or tens of time slots, can also be applied on a symbol level, such that this is also a short-term interference mitigation mechanism based on instantaneous sensing.
1.5 remote LBT or collaborative LBT
Another solution related to the listen-before-send based concept according to an embodiment is explained below.
A wireless communication system according to such a solution, e.g., network 1800 or 2800 or other network described herein, includes at least one base station and a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices being scheduled for communication by the at least one base station. I.e. a plurality of devices operating in at least one cell of the wireless communication system.
Each scheduled device is configured to observe an individual set of devices, i.e., at least one, some or all, of downlink resources of the wireless communication system, wherein the downlink resources include, for example, uplink slots, downlink slots, flexible slots, and/or at least one set of symbols for uplink or downlink. As resources, embodiments may include one or more of at least one frequency bandwidth portion (BWP), at least one resource block, at least one subcarrier, and/or at least one time domain slot/symbol. As resources, embodiments also relate to time and/or frequency components and/or combinations thereof, such as Resource Blocks (RBs), instead of or in addition to time slots.
A time slot may be understood as a period of time within the frame structure of a radio frame used by the communication system that has an associated meaning, and it may represent, for example, a sequence of signal samples (minimum length); and/or as the length of the symbol (e.g. OFDM symbol) and/or as the length of the guard interval (e.g. OFDM GI) and/or as the sequence of symbols (e.g. OFDM symbol with or without cyclic extension), which may be "slots" (referred to in 3GPP language) or "sub-slots" or "slots" or the whole "frame" and/or part or the whole "sub-frame".
That is, the term slot is not limited to a particular amount of time, but also encompasses all possible time interference options.
That is, when referring to radio resources in time, embodiments may also be implemented by using radio resources in the frequency domain as an alternative or in addition, e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP), a resource block (a sequence of subcarrier sets over a sequence of OFDM symbols, subcarriers, etc., embodiments are not limited to half-duplex, but may also operate in full-duplex, that is, frequency radio resources may be defined in a similar manner as time radio resources such as time slots.
Although in some embodiments reference is made to radio resources in the expected future operation, such as future time slots, these embodiments also operate as target or indicated radio resources in the future as frequency resources and/or combinations thereof, thus comprising all or part of RBs (resource blocks).
Further, the device is configured to measure, for each downlink resource, interference occurring in the downlink resource to obtain a measurement result; and reporting the measurement results or information derived therefrom to the wireless communication system. Such information derived from the measurements may include, for example, the measurement reports described above. The reporting of the device may allow for determination of appropriate resources for one or more devices in the uplink and/or downlink at an entity capable of accessing the measurement set, such as a base station, for example, to optimize communication and/or interference for a group of devices.
The set of radio resources may comprise a first downlink resource configuration, e.g. a currently used configuration, and/or a second downlink resource configuration, e.g. a future used configuration. In future configurations, the downlink resources may be used as uplink resources and/or flexible resources. That is, the term downlink resource may limit the present embodiment only to transmitting a signal by using this resource for reception by a device, even as an uplink resource.
The wireless communication system is configured to determine a communication configuration for the plurality of devices based on the evaluation of the reported resources, e.g., by extrapolation, that mitigates interference caused by signaling to the devices during future resources.
According to an embodiment of this solution, the wireless communication system is configured for identifying potential interferers and potential victims potentially experiencing interference of the interferers for future resources and for reference communication configurations; and at least one of the following:
● Scheduling at least one interferer and/or at least one victim to different radio resources than the reference communication configuration; and
● Changing transmission behavior of potential interferers
To determine a communication configuration.
According to an embodiment according to this solution, the wireless communication system is adapted to repeatedly measure resources and determine a communication configuration, e.g. based on mobility of network nodes in the wireless communication system.
In other words, similar to the mechanisms described above, observations may be done not only by devices alone, but also as collaborative tasks performed by a group of UEs, and their measurements and/or observations shared between them and/or with their BSs and/or with a group of potential CLI victims or aggressors. For example, the wireless communication system is adapted to repeatedly measure radio resources of a first UL/DL configuration and/or a different second UL/DL configuration and to determine a measurement of interference, such as CLI, for the first and second UL/DL configuration and to select one of the first and second UL/DL configuration as a future UL/DL configuration based on the interference. That is, based on the measurements of the measurement devices, the impact of interference on the different UL/DL configurations may be determined, and on the basis of this, an appropriate configuration may be selected or determined, e.g. avoiding specific interference to one or more devices, obtaining a low amount of interference to all devices, etc.
In direct link (SL) communications, the mechanism may be aligned with listening before selecting radio resource pool resources, where UEs observe their surrounding spectrum occupancy and share their observations through BSs to become known to all UEs in a given geographic location area.
According to an embodiment, these measurements may be done in the direct link SL and e.g. they may be available there, e.g. Channel Busy Ratios (CBR) and channel occupancy (CR), also referred to as SL CBR and SL CR CBR, are defined as the ratio of occupied sub-channels within the first 100 time slots. If the RSSI exceeds a certain threshold, the channel is occupied. The CR estimates the channel occupancy generated by the TX UE.
Remote LBT allows coordinating transmitters and receivers between potential aggressors and potential victim groups by utilizing collaborative observations and sharing these with scheduling entities and/or potential aggressor groups.
Information about users or groups of users that may create intolerable interference burden to UEs in the potential victim group may be used to:
● Rescheduling them to other radio resources (response on aggressor side)
● Changing its transmission behavior (response on aggressor side) with respect to Tx power or directivity
● Protecting potential victims (victim side response via BS) by avoiding fragile radio resources
Due to changes caused by user mobility, as well as changes in proximity relationships between UEs/devices, temporary avoidance of certain transmission opportunities for a particular UE must be updated periodically.
In this sense, remote LBT or cooperative LBT is not suitable to make decisions immediately before transmission burst starts, but rather on a longer time scale over multiple time slots or radio frames.
1.6 spatial proximity preemption for CLI reduction
This solution is based on the finding that: although one or more resources are scheduled, other devices may interfere with or may be interfered with by the scheduled device, e.g., because the schedule is not known. The solution proposal indicates scheduling to allow devices to avoid interference or be interfered with.
A wireless communication system according to the present solution, such as network 1800 or 2800 or a different network described herein, is configured to provide wireless communication at least from a base station to a device.
The device is configured to observe the radio environment of the device to obtain observations, for example by performing the measurements described herein. The device is configured to determine, based on the observations, that at least one radio resource, such as a time slot or symbol in the uplink or downlink, is susceptible to cross-link interference and/or ICI.
The device is configured for reporting a report indicating the at least one radio resource to the base station. Such reports may be signals, e.g., signal 2802, and/or fully mature L3 reports, which may include additional interpretations, such as statistical averaging.
The device receives information indicating a communication configuration to receive signals in scheduled future radio resources;
the wireless communication system is configured to transmit a pre-emption signal to indicate an expected signal in the scheduled future radio resources.
Examples according to the solution also relate to such preemption signals sent from
● Base station serving victims
● Base station for serving aggressors
● A victim.
According to embodiments, the preemption signal may be sent directly by the aggressor base station (e.g., interfering base station, e.g., for ICI) and/or by the aggressor UE; and/or by a base station serving the aggressor UE and/or any other entity that may initiate (send) no command to the aggressor UE.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, the base station is configured for determining the communication configuration based on the report.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, a wireless communication system is configured to transmit a preemption signal using a device to receive a signal in a scheduled future downlink time slot; and/or transmitting signals in scheduled future downlink time slots using the base station.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, the preemption signal is adapted to identify/address at least one radio resource to be temporarily protected by other devices in the vicinity by avoiding transmission using the at least one radio resource.
According to an embodiment of the solution, the wireless communication system is adapted to observe the radio environment also using the base station to obtain a bi-directional observation.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, the device is configured for observing the radio environment during an initial phase. For example, RRC is used to configure the UE in terms of measurements, resources, and reporting. UEs may also be configured but not initially activated, so they may be activated at a later stage. This includes measurements and reports.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, the base station is configured for observing the time slots, i.e. the radio resources, and the spectrum parts associated with the links of the device; and reporting information indicative of link quality or interference information associated with the link of the device to obtain bi-directional link information at the device along with the observations. Spectral components may be important to reduce or designate allocated portions of spectrum (multiple resource blocks or bandwidth portions (BWP) or subbands).
In other words, in this solution component, it is assumed that the UE (receiving device) observes its radio environment during an initial phase, and is therefore able to predict certain radio resources, e.g. timeslots susceptible to CLI and/or ICI.
Furthermore, the receiving device/UE is informed of the scheduled future transmissions by its base station, e.g. by (semi-) persistent scheduling, and uses means to send preemption beacons or messages to its neighbors in order to signal members of the potential interfering group (CLI-aggressor group) to request neighbor preemption.
These means include signaling by the potential victim UE itself or by its BS or by the BS of other UEs. Such signaling may identify/address certain radio resources to be temporarily protected by other devices in the vicinity that do not transmit. The mechanism may be consistent with the preemption protocol in URLLC and make unlicensed transmissions in contention mode. This protocol allows the base station of the aggressor UE to cancel the previously given transmission grant individually or in groups.
A further extension of this mechanism is that the bi-directional link observes and repeats the listening window of opportunity, while nearby transmitters are silent.
Such an extension may be understood as "discreet nearby transmitters" when avoiding (not responding to a scheduling request of its BS), or as "receiver (victim) oriented transmitter (aggressor) tasks".
For this or different solutions, embodiments of the present invention may be adapted to dynamic indication of the limitation and/or availability of beams between nodes of a wireless communication system in a configured radio resource; wherein radio resources may be allocated/addressed in time (e.g., time slots) and frequency (subcarriers, bandwidth parts, frequency bands) and/or a combination of these two dimensions.
2. Implementation method
Three method inventions have been identified: implemented in FR 2; identifying an interference source; and enabling IM based on SRS with different SCS.
2.1FR2 implementation in
This solution involves measuring interference and may be implemented by one or more nodes in a network described herein (e.g., network 1800 or 1900) individually or cooperatively.
According to the solution forMeasurement ofThe interference method comprises the following steps:
operating an apparatus in a wireless communication system, the apparatus being adapted to operate in a downlink mode, the apparatus comprising an antenna element, the apparatus being adapted to select and use one of a set of different spatial reception filters as a selected filter, so as to achieve a directional selectivity of signals received using the antenna element during the downlink mode, e.g. based on a relative position of the gNB with respect to the apparatus;
Applying the selected filter;
measuring interference to the antenna elements and the selected filters before, during and/or after the downlink mode; and
the effect of the measured interference on signal reception during the downlink mode is determined. Such steps may be implemented at the UE, the gNB, or other entity.
The measured time may be before, during and/or after the downlink mode and may be performed using the antenna elements and the selected filters. The impact of the measured interference on signal reception may be determined in a previous, current or future downlink mode.
According to an embodiment, measuring interference includes receiving a reference signal, such as a sounding reference signal or any other configured resource: and determining a reference signal received power from the reception of the reference signal/configuration resource; and/or receiving signals from the data signals and/or the control signals and determining a received signal strength indication from the reception of the signals.
Alternatively or additionally, measuring interference may include receiving a reference signal, such as a synchronization signal block SSB or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); and determining a received power of the reference signal from the reception of the reference signal; and/or receiving signal power from data and/or control signals; and determining a received signal strength indication from the received signal power.
In other words, the solution involves using the MLRD to observe the interference by:
application of specific spatial beam (receive filter)
For FR2, the UE shall measure o observe RSRP and/or RSSI using the same spatial reception filter as used for receiving DL signals from the gNB
2.2 interferer identification
According to the present solution forAddressingA method of interference comprising:
operating a receiving device in a wireless communication system, the device comprising an antenna unit for receiving signals in the wireless communication system;
receiving a reference signal transmitted by an interfering device in a wireless communication system;
notifying the wireless communication system that the receiving device is interfered by the interfering device; and
the interfering device is identified using measurements related to the reference signal/configured resources.
For example, an aggressor or interfering device is adapted to change the transmission strategy to change the interference experienced. This may be related to power control, different time slots, etc.
According to an embodiment of the present solution, identifying an interfering device comprises:
determining a reference signal received power for receiving a reference signal at a receiving device;
evaluating a bandwidth portion associated with the reference signal, one or more of a resource block for transmitting the reference signal and a slot for transmitting the reference signal, to obtain an evaluation result;
Providing a report to the base station, the report including information indicative of the result of the evaluation; and
past schedules in a wireless communication system are evaluated to identify interfering devices.
According to an embodiment of this solution, the evaluation result is obtained by measuring resources configured as zero power ZP or non-zero power NZP resources, or by a combination of these channel and interference measurements. For example, the NZP channel measurements may include residual interference, CSI-IM, and/or interference measurements in neighboring cells on configured resources. For example, ZP measurements may include measurements in a serving cell.
According to an embodiment of this solution, identifying the interfering device comprises a combination of information obtained from the reference signal of the interfering device and its time slot and the setting of the spatial filter used in the receiving device.
According to an embodiment, identifying the interfering device comprises a combination of information obtained from reference signals of the interfering device, wherein the reference signals may be at least one of:
identifiable Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) sequences (numbers/IDs),
a specific phase shift/phase applied to the SRS or SRS sequence,
the synchronization signal block SSB,
channel state information reference signal CSI-RS,
SSID from a WiFi access point,
-bluetooth beacons, or
Any other identifiable and known reference signal with which the receiver can associate and derive a measurement that is specifically related to the interfering transmitter.
2.3 starting IM based on SRS with different SCSs
This solution further defines scheme 2.2.
According to an embodiment, one or more of a bandwidth portion related to the reference signal, a resource block for transmitting the reference signal and/or a slot for transmitting the reference signal is evaluated by using an interferer subcarrier spacing as basis for the evaluation, the interferer subcarrier spacing being different from a subcarrier spacing scheduled to the receiving device. That is, for evaluation, different subcarrier spacings are used or considered, e.g., for decoding.
According to an embodiment, a method comprises: notifying the receiving device of the interferer subcarrier spacing; and/or measuring different subcarrier spacings during the evaluation to obtain different evaluation results and determining the interferer subcarrier spacing.
In other words, in the case where the SCS of aggressor and victim links are different:
the RSRP measurement should be performed with the aggressor SCS
O may be combined with RSSI and SIC (depending on the ratio between interference and signal)
The UE should have knowledge of the SCS of the aggressor link
The receiver device according to the embodiment is configured for operation in a wireless communication system and for implementing the method of one of the solutions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3.
The device described herein, in particular for measuring and optionally for reporting and/or recording, may be adapted to read or measure all such information within its own cell and/or possibly from a cell other than its own.
3.1 full Duplex mechanism
Further embodiments relate to identification related to full duplex operation in a wireless communication system, such as system 1800 or 2800, adapted accordingly. When operating in full duplex, a device such as a UE may suffer from self-interference because it may suffer from CLI and/or ICI. To mitigate self-interference, a frequency gap may be established between radio resources for transmission and resources for reception. The gap may depend on one or more parameters including, for example, a distance to a communication partner (e.g., a base station). For example, having a short distance to the base station allows receiving signals from the gNB with high signal power/quality, while requiring a low amount of transmit power to transmit signals to the gNB, resulting in a low amount of self-interference allowing for small gaps. However, having a large distance, e.g. at the cell edge, results in a low signal power of the signal received from the base station and a relatively high power for transmitting the signal to the base station, so that a high level of possible self-interference can be addressed with a large gap. That is, the received power, the transmitted power, and the gap may be distance dependent, depending on similar effects, for example, in a multipath environment, good channels or bad channels of a large distance, a short distance, respectively, may also be obtained.
Fig. 29a illustrates a scenario 2900 of an example wireless communication network, or at least a portion thereof, such as the network 1800 or 2800. Base station BS with two overlapping coverage in scene A And BS B And two example UEs, wherein the UEs A By BS A Providing services and UEs B By BS B Providing a service.
For example, BS A In-use uplink UL 2902 A Downlink DL 2904 A Operation in the described fixed/static UL/DL frame configuration is shown in fig. 29 b.
BS B 2906 may be configured in a first frame 1 And in a second frame configuration 2906 (of two or more possible configurations) 2 In a first frame configuration, UL and DL resources are not allocated simultaneously (legacy TDD), in a second frame configuration, UL and DL resources are partially exclusive in time, partially shared (partial full duplex configuration).
The time-frequency grid is shown on the right side of fig. 29b, UE B It may be responsible for observing/measuring the interference experienced on different time-frequency resources.
When BS A And BS B All operating in DL (highest 2912 region), UE B Can observe/measure from BS A Inter-cell interference (ICI).
At BS B Still operating in DL and BS A In timeslots that have been operated in the UL, the UE B The observation/measurement is from the BS A Is (in this example by the UE) A ) Represented cross-link interference (CLI). When BS B In the first frame configuration, the CLI may be observed during a period of, for example, 2 slots, when the BS B This CLI may be observed for a period of 3 slots when in the second frame configuration, see region 2914.
In the lowermost region 2916, the UEB is not subject to the BS when both BSA and BSB are in UL mode A (silenced as UL receiver) or UE A Because it is not expected to come from BS B Is a signal of (a). Within these time slots, BS A And BS B Can be separately observedICI in UL from UE, from other UE is observed/measured.
Furthermore, there are two slots in the second frame configuration, where the UE B Can be at BS B Also transmitting at the time of transmission (full duplex operation), causing self-interference (SI) to itself and to nearby BS at the near future B Other UEs receiving data cause cross-link interference (CLI), see region 2918.
In these particular time slots, the UE B Can be assigned to measure the information from the BS at various levels of detail B SI and/or CLI of other UEs, in particular with respect to the observed/measured frequency resources in these (full duplex) time slots.
The observation/measurement apparatus, e.g., according to embodiments described herein (UE in DL or BS in UL) may report interference measurements, including possible frequency and time slot dependencies and associated interference types, where the interference types may include at least one of:
● From BS A Or other identifiable BS or sum of BSs DL inter-cell interference (ICI)
● UL inter-cell interference (ICI) from UEs belonging to other BSs
● CLI of UE from other BS (UE in this example A And BS A ) UEs from other BSs operating in UL or SL (direct link)
● CLI of UE from own BS when operating in UL or SL (direct link)
● Self-interference (SI) when simultaneously operating a transmitter and a receiver at a UE, for example, when receiving data packets in DL and transmitting data packets in UL or SL.
That is, fig. 29b describes a scenario in which a receiving device (UE B ) Different types of interference are being measured while simultaneously transmitting data from its base station (BS during the first frame configuration B ) A signal is received or used during a tentative second frame configuration that may be used in the future.
Fig. 30a/b illustrates that not all of the transmit and receive resources need overlap completely in a time slot 2918 operating in full duplex mode. Theoretical and practical implementations in devices regarding self-interference cancellation schemes suggest that transmitting and receiving on the same (same) time-frequency resources is feasible under certain advantageous conditions, but is considered unfeasible or requires a lot of technical effort in many less advantageous cases, whereas receiving on frequency resources sufficiently separated from UL resources used by the transmitter seems feasible and limited effort is made, thus allowing re-use of the same total spectrum for simultaneous UL and DL operation by appropriate scheduling of such full duplex resources on the frequency band and associated UEs operating in receive and transmit modes.
Furthermore, it has to be noted that in such a scenario, a device receiving signals in the DL may suffer/degrade its reception performance due to self-interference at the time of simultaneous transmission and/or cross-link interference (CLI) from other UEs scheduled in the UL when a particular UE is receiving data packets in the DL.
Depending on the antenna isolation achieved between the TX and RX antennas in the device, the transmitter power used in the UL, and the interference mitigation scheme achieved, the effective signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) will depend to a large extent on the frequency separation between the bandwidth part of the transmitted signal and the bandwidth part of the received signal.
The curve 3000 at the bottom of fig. 30b depicts the relation between SIR under self-interference conditions and the frequency separation between the transmitting and receiving BWP. The solid line 3002 represents an alpha/alpha scenario, where the UE is far away from the BS, thus receiving low received signal power, and needs to use higher transmit power in the UL to bridge the path loss, resulting in an disadvantageously low SIR of the received band. The curve shows that when there is sufficient gap between UL and DL BWP, the SIR will be above the threshold, indicating a sufficiently high channel quality for successful data transmission (communication) in DL.
The dashed line 3004 indicates a scenario where the UE is closer to the BS and the received signal power is higher while the UL transmit power is lower because of the bridged path loss is smaller. The resulting SIR curve is shifted vertically compared to the long-range case (solid) and the threshold has passed, the frequency gap being small (gap beta/beta).
The gap in frequency may be associated with a fixed or configurable threshold, representing a minimum frequency distance to be maintained in order to provide a channel quality above the threshold.
Such gaps should be determined by the measurement device and reported to the BS where this information can be used to properly schedule UL and DL resources for UEs (devices) capable of operating in full duplex mode.
For example, UE measurements, evaluations, and reports:
the effective SIR of the signal to interference ratio,
the worst-case SIR is chosen to be,
the SIR for the best case is chosen to be,
the average/weighted SIR is chosen to be the same,
an SIR above the threshold value,
an SIR below the threshold value,
-SIP in range.
In addition, the UE may measure, evaluate and report the frequency dependent/selective SIR as described above, an
-frequency guard interval
UL-DL separation interval
Full duplex spacing
Self-interference guard interval
-CLI/SL interference guard interval.
Furthermore, the type of interference observed and represented in the SIR value may be:
CLI from a specific or group of UEs
Caused by self-interference with a frequency interval of at least or exactly a specific value or range.
A device configured in a wireless communication network, for example, in a full duplex mode, the device is configured to:
measuring self-interference related parameters related to wireless communication of the device, including, for example, signal power from the wireless network or from outside the wireless communication network; and
Reporting parameters related to self-interference; and/or determining a self-interference mitigation parameter for mitigating self-interference and reporting the self-interference mitigation parameter.
The self-interference parameter includes at least one of:
the effective SIR of the signal to interference ratio,
the worst-case SIR is chosen to be,
the SIR for the best case is chosen to be,
the average/weighted SIR is chosen to be the same,
an SIR above the threshold value,
an SIR below the threshold value,
-a SIP in the range of the device,
in addition, the device may be configured to evaluate and report the frequency dependent/selective SIR as described above, an
-frequency guard interval
UL-DL separation interval
Full duplex spacing
Self-interference guard interval
-CLI/SL interference guard interval.
The device may be configured to measure one or more of CLIs from a particular UE or group of UEs, the CLIs being caused by self-interference with a frequency interval of at least or exactly a particular value or range.
Similarly, cross-link interference (CLI) from other UEs operating in UL mode during full duplex time slots can be characterized in a similar manner, where CLI guard interval is a function of TX power (near-far between UE and BS) and proximity between UEs generating CLI for each other. The BS scheduler may evaluate CLI and SI reports and associated frequency duplex intervals or guard intervals for scheduling decisions, which may include appropriate user packets to reduce CLI for users scheduled in full duplex slots, with some UEs receiving signals from the BS and other UEs transmitting to the BS.
The user grouping may be performed in a sub-band in which a sufficient guard interval is maintained between BWP for UL and DL of neighboring users or between BWP for simultaneous transmission and reception by the UE.
For example, the reported information about SI and CLI in full duplex slots may be used to schedule UL and DL resources such that: the UE group operating in UL (transmit) mode is sufficiently separated from another UE group operating in DL (receive) mode in the frequency domain. Each group may be allocated to BWP, allowing the observing/measuring UE to observe CLI from a specific BWP, allowing for reduced workload in signaling frequency dependent CLI feedback.
When the BS provides knowledge about such BWP (sub-band) allocation, the device (UE) can perform measurement, evaluation and reporting in a more efficient manner when providing feedback about CLI, SI and quantized frequency guard intervals. For example, the UE is provided with information about the configuration of a specific BWP (sub-band) allocated for a specific UL and/or DL resource. Further, the device (UE) may be configured to use the information provided above for quantitative measurement, evaluation, and reporting of CLI, SI, guard interval, etc.
Although some aspects have been described in the context of apparatus, it is evident that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of method steps also represent descriptions of corresponding blocks or items or features of corresponding apparatus.
Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware or software, depending on the particular implementation requirements. Implementations may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, DVD, CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or FLASH memory, having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating) with a programmable computer system such that the corresponding method is performed.
Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, in order to carry out one of the methods herein.
In general, embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a computer program product having a program code that is operable to perform one of the methods when the computer program product is run on a computer. For example, the program code may be stored on a machine readable carrier.
Other embodiments include a computer program for performing one of the methods herein, the computer program being stored on a machine readable carrier.
In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is thus a computer program with a program code for performing one of the methods herein when the computer program is operated on a computer.
A further embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or digital storage medium, or computer readable medium) having recorded thereon a computer program for performing one of the methods herein.
Thus, a further embodiment of the inventive method is a data stream or signal sequence representing a computer program for executing one of the methods herein. For example, the data stream or signal sequence may be configured to be transmitted via a data communication connection, such as via the internet.
Further embodiments include a processing means, such as a computer or programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform one of the methods herein.
Further embodiments include a computer having installed thereon a computer program for performing one of the methods herein.
In some embodiments, programmable logic devices (e.g., field programmable gate arrays) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods herein. In general, the method is preferably performed by any hardware device.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It will be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details herein will be apparent to others skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the scope of the following patent claims be limited only by the specific details presented by way of description and explanation of the embodiments herein.
Abbreviation vocabulary
Reference to the literature
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Claims (86)
1. A wireless communication system, comprising:
a base station adapted to schedule communications for a plurality of devices, including a reporting device, using a communications configuration;
wherein the reporting device is configured to perform communication in the wireless communication system according to the communication configuration;
wherein the reporting device is configured to use information indicative of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and for determining, for each reference signal in the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system by measuring, for example, RSRP, RSSI or any other employed signal metric to obtain a measurement indicative of the amount of interference perceived by the reporting device through the reference signals of the set of reference signals;
wherein the reporting device is configured to report a measurement report to the wireless communication system based on the measurement result; and
wherein the wireless communication system is configured to adjust a communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information about reference signals used by the other devices.
2. The wireless communication system of claim 1, configured to identify an interferer causing interference to a reporting device; and for adjusting the communication configuration of the reporting device and/or the interferer to reduce the amount of interference.
3. The wireless communication system of claim 2, configured to further identify interferers that may cause interference to other devices in the vicinity of the reporting device; and for adjusting the communication configuration of the reporting device and/or the interferer to reduce the amount of interference.
4. A wireless communication system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the reporting device is configured to obtain the measurement result based on measuring uplink radio resources scheduled to the reporting device to obtain information about interferers causing interference to the reporting device, and based on measuring uplink radio resources scheduled to the other device to obtain information about interferers potentially causing interference to the other device.
5. The wireless communication system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reporting device is configured for measuring interference by observing the transmitted signals of other devices, e.g. in its current uplink radio resources, and for performing measurements when the reporting device is in a receiving mode, e.g. during current downlink DL and/or uplink UL radio resources.
6. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless communication system comprises a plurality of base stations;
Wherein the reporting device is configured to report measurement reports to a base station, the base station being a scheduling base station and a first base station for the reporting device;
the wireless communication system is configured to identify an interferer causing interference to the reporting device, the interferer being scheduled by a different second base station;
wherein the first base station is configured to adjust a communication configuration of the reporting device to mitigate interference; and/or
Wherein the first base station is configured to provide information to the second base station, wherein the second base station is configured to adjust a communication configuration of the interferer based on the information to mitigate the interference.
7. The wireless communication system of claim 6, wherein the reporting device is adapted to transmit advice to the base station regarding future communication configurations, e.g. based on a listen-before-talk procedure or an enhanced listen-before-talk procedure as described herein.
8. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless communication system is adapted to determine a communication configuration based on the report received from the reporting device using information about the interferer and its caused interference in the wireless communication system, such that an overall reduced interference of the scheduled device is obtained based on the optimization criteria.
9. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless communication system is configured for determining a type of interference from the measurement result or the measurement report and for including type information indicative of the type in the measurement report.
10. The wireless communication system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reporting device is adapted to make measurements continuously, repeatedly or on request and to decide whether to report a measurement report based on decision criteria applied to the measurement results.
11. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the reporting device is adapted to evaluate the measurement results and to generate the measurement report to include the evaluation results.
12. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the reporting device is adapted to generate the measurement report by shrinking, compressing or summarizing a set of measurement results.
13. An apparatus for operation in a wireless communication system, the apparatus configured to:
performing communication in the wireless communication system according to a communication configuration obtained from a base station of the wireless communication system, and scheduling communication of the device;
using information indicative of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal in the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signals of the set of reference signals; and
A measurement report is generated based on the measurement result and reported to the wireless communication system.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the device is configured to record the measurement.
15. The device of claim 13 or 14, wherein the device is configured for determining (estimating) the type of interference from the measurement result and the combination of measurement results, and for including type information indicative of the type into the measurement report.
16. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is configured to evaluate the type of interference based on configured measurements and/or angle of arrival estimates.
17. The device according to one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the device is adapted to report measurement reports using at least one uplink resource and/or at least one flexible resource.
18. A base station configured for operation in a wireless communication system, the base station being adapted to schedule communication of a plurality of devices, including a reporting device, using a communication configuration;
wherein the base station is configured to receive a report generated by the reporting device, the measurement report indicating an amount of interference perceived by the reporting device through a reference signal of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and
Wherein the base station is configured to adjust a communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information about reference signals used by the other devices.
19. An apparatus configured for communication in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising an antenna unit;
wherein the device is configured to use the antenna element selection and use a first one of a set of different spatial reception filters as the selected filter for communication in the wireless communication system to achieve directional selectivity of signals received with the antenna element; wherein each spatial receive filter is associated with a main direction of directional sensitivity; wherein the device is configured to receive a signal from a communication partner using a first spatial reception filter;
wherein the device is configured to perform a measurement procedure at a different time than the communication, the measurement procedure comprising selecting a selected filter according to a direction of the interfering link towards the device, the interfering link interfering with the device;
wherein the apparatus is configured to use information indicative of a set of reference signals for use in a wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal in the set of reference signals, an amount of interference that interferes with the communication by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signals in the set of reference signals;
Wherein the device is adapted to select a second spatial filter for the communication based on the measurement result to mitigate interference perceived with the first spatial reception filter.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein the device is configured to select the selected filter according to a direction of the interfering link towards the device based on information indicative of a control resource set CORESET of the interfering link.
21. The device of claim 20, wherein the device is configured to monitor at least one of:
physical broadcast channel PBCH;
demodulation reference signal PBCH DM-RS in PBCH;
primary synchronization signal PSS;
the secondary synchronization signal SSS,
to obtain measurement results and to obtain information indicative of CORESET from the measurement results.
22. The device of one of claims 19 to 21, configured to report information indicative of at least one of:
a spatial receive filter for the measurement process;
control resource set CORESET of interfering links;
a first spatial receive filter;
a second spatial reception filter;
the amount of interference perceived with the first spatial reception filter; and
the amount of interference perceived with the second spatial reception filter.
23. A first device configured for communication in a wireless communication system, the device comprising an antenna unit and being adapted to establish a link with a base station; wherein the device is configured to:
Selecting a first spatial transmission filter for transmitting signals with the antenna element based on a beam correspondence procedure with the base station;
using information indicating a transmission time of signals from a different second device; and measuring interference caused by the second device to the first device during the transmission time and via the interference channel;
deriving information indicative of an amount of interference caused by the first device to the second device using reciprocal channel assumptions relative to the interfering channel;
a different second spatial transmit filter is selected based on the information indicative of the amount of interference to mitigate interference by the first device to the second device.
24. The device of claim 23, wherein the device is configured to measure interference caused to the first device by the second device via the interference channel during the transmission time using the matched spatial reception filter to obtain a directionally selective primary direction towards the second device; and evaluating the received interference power with a matched filter based on the maximum interference thus measured;
wherein the device is configured to calculate a suitable spatial receive filter to mitigate interference caused by the second device;
for deriving information indicative of the amount of interference caused by the first device by providing an estimate of interference that would be caused when transmitting using similar or equivalent spatial transmit filters (e.g., based on beam correspondences);
Wherein the device is configured to select a different second spatial transmit filter to mitigate interference.
25. An apparatus configured for communication in a wireless communication system and for receiving signals from communication partners;
wherein the device is configured for observing a set of radio resources of the wireless communication system, e.g. during transmission or reception of signals by the communication partner;
wherein the device is configured to measure, for each radio resource, interference occurring in the radio resource to obtain a measurement result; and
for reporting the measurement results or information derived therefrom to the wireless communication system; and/or
For determining at least one selected future radio resource based on the measurement results and based on the interference criteria; and
for transmitting information indicative of at least one future radio resource to a wireless communication system; and/or for requesting scheduling of downlink and/or uplink signals from the communication partner in at least one selected future radio resource.
26. The device of claim 25, wherein the device is configured to request scheduling of downlink and/or uplink signals from the communication partner in at least one selected future radio resource, and an indication of which radio resource is to be used.
27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a priority, a non-priority, a white list, a black list, and a forbidden indication of future radio resources.
28. The device of claim 26 or 27, wherein the device is configured to measure the interference as cross-link interference perceived from at least one link of a different device.
29. The device of one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the device is configured to measure interference as inter-cell interference perceived from at least one link of a different base station.
30. The device of one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the device is configured to measure interference as self-interference of its own.
31. The device of one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the device is configured for being based on receiving a reference signal, such as a sounding reference signal, SRS; and/or measuring interference based on an evaluation of signal power received from at least one link of a different device via a cross-link interference channel.
32. The device of one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the device is configured for reference signal CSI-RS based on a received reference signal, such as a synchronization signal block SSB or downlink channel state information; and/or measuring interference based on an evaluation of signal power received from at least one link of a different base station via an inter-cell interference channel.
33. The device of one of claims 25 to 32, wherein the device is configured to measure self-interference based on knowledge of the signal to be transmitted.
34. The device of one of claims 25 to 33, wherein a set of radio resources is based on a time when the other device is operating in a transmit mode and the device is operating in a receive mode.
35. The device of one of claims 25 to 34, wherein a set of radio resources is based on the time when other base stations in communication with its communication partners (devices) are operating in a transmitting mode and the device is operating in a receiving mode.
36. The device of one of claims 25 to 35, wherein the device determines statistics from the measurement results indicating suitable radio resources in the past time; and deriving the selected future radio resource using statistics as a radio resource expected to allow successful decoding of the signal transmitted to or by the device.
37. The device of one of claims 25 to 36, wherein the device is configured to determine the candidate as the selected future radio resource based on a decision whether the candidate for the future radio resource meets a predetermined criterion with respect to transmission quality.
38. The device of one of claims 25 to 37, wherein the device is configured for determining the selected future radio resource as an interference level expected to have at most a first interference threshold and/or at least a second interference threshold.
39. The device of one of claims 25 to 38, wherein the device is configured to determine the selected future radio resource based on at least one of the probabilities:
packet collisions in the selected future radio resources,
the device is out of coverage during the future radio resources selected,
in the future radio resource selected, the packet loss is above a threshold,
in the future radio resource selected, the signal-to-interference ratio SIR exceeds a predetermined first threshold,
in the future radio resources selected, the signal-to-interference ratio SIR does not exceed a predetermined first or second threshold,
packet erasure events over multiple retransmissions that occur when using selected future radio resources.
40. The device of one of claims 25 to 39, wherein the device is configured to receive an indication from the wireless communication system indicating that the device is scheduled to receive information in radio resources in response to transmitting the information or a request; wherein the device is configured to send an acknowledgement signal to the wireless communication system indicating acknowledgement of the indicated radio resource, and/or wherein the device is configured to send a rejection signal to the wireless communication system indicating rejection of the indicated radio resource; and/or
Wherein the device is configured for transmitting a data packet retransmission request signal to the wireless communication system indicating an expected error detection or channel degradation of the indicated radio resource.
41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit information indicative of the plurality of selected future radio resources to the wireless communication system; and/or for requesting scheduling of downlink signals from the communication partner in the plurality of selected future radio resources;
wherein the indication represents a subset of the plurality of future radio resources as a selection thereof.
42. The apparatus of claim 40 or 41, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit information indicating a plurality of selected future radio resources to the wireless communication system; and/or for requesting retransmission of downlink data packets from the communication partner in the plurality of selected future radio resources;
wherein the indication represents a subset of the plurality of future radio resources as a selection thereof.
43. The device of one of claims 25 to 42, wherein the device is configured to send a preemption signal before the selected future radio resource; wherein the device is configured to transmit a preemption signal
To a device of the same wireless communication system to indicate an expected signal in a selected future radio resource; and/or
To another wireless communication system configured for transmission in the selected future radio resources.
44. The device of one of claims 25 to 43, wherein the measured radio resources comprise at least one uplink radio resource and/or at least one downlink radio resource; and/or
Wherein the future radio resource is an uplink radio resource or a downlink radio resource or a flexible radio resource, e.g. a time slot.
45. A wireless communication system, comprising:
at least one base station;
a plurality of devices, which are subjected to communication scheduling through at least one base station;
wherein each device is configured to:
observing a set of device individuals for radio resources of a wireless communication system;
for each radio resource, measuring interference occurring in the radio resource to obtain a measurement result; and
reporting the measurement results or information derived therefrom to a wireless communication system;
wherein the wireless communication system is configured to determine a communication configuration for the plurality of devices based on the evaluation of the reported radio resources, e.g. by extrapolation, which communication configuration mitigates interference caused by transmitting signals to the devices during future radio resources.
46. The wireless communication system of claim 45, wherein the wireless communication system is configured to:
for future downlink radio resources and for reference communication configurations, identifying potential interferers and potential victims potentially experiencing interference by the interferers, e.g., the device itself and/or other devices; and at least one of the following:
scheduling at least one interferer and/or at least one victim to different radio resources than the reference communication configuration; and
changing the transmission behavior of potential interferers;
to determine a communication configuration.
47. The wireless communication system of claim 45 or 46, wherein the wireless communication system is adapted to repeatedly measure radio resources of a first UL/DL configuration and/or a different second UL/DL configuration and to determine a measurement of interference, such as CLI, for the first and second UL/DL configuration and to select one of the first and second UL/DL configuration as a future UL/DL configuration based on the interference.
48. A wireless communication system configured to provide wireless communication to a device from at least a base station;
wherein the device is configured to:
observing the radio environment of the device to obtain an observation; and determining that at least one radio resource is susceptible to cross-link interference and/or inter-cell interference based on the observations;
Reporting a report indicating at least one radio resource to a base station;
receiving information indicating a communication configuration to receive signals in scheduled future radio resources;
wherein the wireless communication system is configured to transmit a preemption signal to indicate an expected signal in the scheduled future radio resources.
49. The wireless communication system of claim 48, wherein the base station is configured to determine the communication configuration based on the report.
50. The wireless communication system of claim 49 configured to transmit a preemption signal using a device to receive a signal in a scheduled future downlink radio resource; and/or transmitting signals in scheduled future downlink radio resources using the base station.
51. The wireless communication system of one of claims 48 to 50, wherein the preemption signal is adapted to identify/address at least one radio resource to be temporarily protected by other devices in the vicinity by avoiding transmission using the at least one radio resource.
52. The wireless communication system of one of claims 48 to 51, adapted to observe a radio environment also using a base station to obtain a bidirectional observation.
53. The wireless communication system of one of claims 48 to 52, wherein the device is configured to observe a radio environment during an initial phase.
54. The wireless communication system of one of claims 48 to 53, wherein the base station is configured to observe a portion of spectrum and radio resources associated with a link of the device; and reporting information indicative of link quality or interference information associated with the link of the device to obtain bi-directional link information at the device along with the observations.
55. The wireless communication system of one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless communication system comprises an integrated access and backhaul, IAB, network, wherein the base station is a gNB of the IAB network.
56. The wireless communication system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wireless communication system is adapted to dynamically indicate in the configured radio resources the limitation and/or availability of beams between nodes of the wireless communication system; where radio resources can be allocated/addressed in time (e.g. time slots) and frequency (sub-carriers, bandwidth parts) and/or a combination of both dimensions.
57. A method of measuring interference, the method comprising:
operating an apparatus in a wireless communication system, the apparatus being adapted to operate in a downlink mode, the apparatus comprising an antenna element, the apparatus being adapted to select and use one of a set of different spatial reception filters as a selected filter, so as to achieve a directional selectivity of reception of signals using the antenna element during the downlink mode;
Applying the selected filter;
measuring interference to the antenna element and the selected filter before, during or after the downlink mode; and
the effect of the measured interference on signal reception during the previous, current or future downlink mode is determined.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein measuring interference comprises:
receiving a reference signal, such as a sounding reference signal; and determining a reference signal received power from the reception of the reference signal; and/or
A signal from the data signal and/or the control signal is received and a received signal strength indication is determined from the reception of the signal.
59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein measuring interference comprises:
receiving a reference signal, such as a synchronization signal block SSB or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); and determining a reference signal received power from the reception of the reference signal; and/or
Receiving signal power from data and/or control signals; and determining a received signal strength indication from the reception of the received signal power.
60. A method of addressing interference, the method comprising:
operating a receiving device in a wireless communication system, the device comprising an antenna unit for receiving signals in the wireless communication system;
Receiving a reference signal transmitted by an interfering device in a wireless communication system;
notifying the wireless communication system that the receiving device is interfered by the interfering device; and
the interfering device is identified using measurements related to the reference signal.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein identifying interfering devices comprises:
determining a reference signal received power for receiving a reference signal at a receiving device;
evaluating a bandwidth portion associated with the reference signal, one or more of a resource block for transmitting the reference signal and a slot for transmitting the reference signal, to obtain an evaluation result; and
providing a report to the base station, the report including information indicative of the result of the evaluation;
past schedules in a wireless communication system are evaluated to identify interfering devices.
62. The method of claim 60 or 61, wherein the evaluation is obtained by a zero power ZP or non-zero power NZP interference measurement.
63. The method of one of claims 60 to 62, wherein identifying an interfering device comprises a combination of information obtained from a reference signal of the interfering device with its time slot and a setting of a spatial filter used in the receiving device.
64. The method of one of claims 60 to 63, wherein identifying an interfering device comprises a combination of information obtained from reference signals of the interfering device, wherein the reference signals may be at least one of:
Identifiable Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) sequences (numbers/IDs),
a specific phase shift/phase applied to the SRS or SRS sequence,
the synchronization signal block SSB,
channel state information reference signal CSI-RS,
SSID from a WiFi access point,
-bluetooth beacons, or
Any other identifiable and known reference signal with which the receiver can associate and derive a measurement that is specifically related to the interfering transmitter.
65. The method according to one of claims 61 to 64, wherein the bandwidth part related to the reference signal, the resource blocks for transmitting the reference signal and/or the time slots for transmitting the reference signal are evaluated by using an interferer subcarrier spacing as basis for the evaluation, which is different from the subcarrier spacing scheduled to the receiving device.
66. The method of claim 65, comprising: notifying the receiving device of the interferer subcarrier spacing; and/or
Different subcarrier spacings are measured during the evaluation to obtain different evaluation results and to determine the interferer subcarrier spacing.
67. A receiving device configured for operation in a wireless communication system, the receiving device being configured for implementing a method as claimed in one of claims 57 to 66.
68. A computer readable digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program having a program code for performing the method of one of claims 57 to 66 when run on a computer.
69. A device configured in a wireless communication network, for example, in a full duplex mode, the device configured to:
measuring self-interference related parameters related to wireless communication of the device, including, for example, signal power from the wireless network or from outside the wireless communication network; and
reporting parameters related to self-interference; and/or determining a self-interference mitigation parameter for mitigating self-interference and reporting the self-interference mitigation parameter.
70. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the self-interference parameters include at least one of:
the effective SIR of the signal to interference ratio,
the worst-case SIR is chosen to be,
the SIR for the best case is chosen to be,
the average/weighted SIR is chosen to be the same,
an SIR above the threshold value,
an SIR below the threshold value,
-SIP in range.
71. The apparatus of claim 69 or 70, wherein the apparatus is configured to evaluate and report the frequency dependent/selective SIR as described above, and:
-frequency guard interval
UL-DL separation interval
Full duplex spacing
Self-interference guard interval
-CLI/SL interference guard interval.
72. The apparatus of one of claims 69 to 71, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure one or more of CLI from a specific UE or a group of UEs, CLI being caused by self-interference with a frequency interval of at least or exactly a specific value or range.
73. The device of one of claims 69 to 72, wherein the device is configured to receive information from the wireless communication system regarding the configuration of a specific bandwidth portion allocated to a specific UL and/or DL resource; wherein the device (UE) is configured for quantized measurements, evaluations and reports of CLI, SI, guard interval, etc., using the information provided above.
74. A wireless communication system comprising a device according to one of claims 69 to 73, adapted to schedule uplink and/or downlink resources based on reports received from the device.
75. A wireless communication system as defined in claim 74, adapted to schedule uplink resources and/or downlink resources for a plurality of groups of devices, one of the groups comprising the devices.
76. The wireless communication system of claim 75 wherein each group can be allocated to a bandwidth portion BWP, allowing the observing/measuring UE to observe CLI from a specific BWP, allowing for reduced workload in signaling frequency dependent CLI feedback.
77. A method for operating a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
operating the base station to schedule communications for a plurality of devices using the communications configuration, the plurality of devices including a reporting device;
operating a reporting device to communicate in a wireless communication system according to a communication configuration;
causing the reporting device to use information indicative of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal in the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communications system by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of the amount of interference perceived by the reporting device through the reference signal in the set of reference signals;
causing a reporting device to report a measurement report based on the measurement result to the wireless communication system; and
the wireless communication system is caused to adjust a communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information about reference signals used by the other devices.
78. A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
performing communication in the wireless communication system according to a communication configuration obtained from a base station of the wireless communication system, and scheduling communication of the device;
Using information indicative of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and determining, for each reference signal in the set of reference signals, an amount of interference interfering with communications in the wireless communication system by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of the amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signal in the set of reference signals; and
a measurement report is generated based on the measurement result and reported to the wireless communication system.
79. A method for operating a base station in a wireless communication system, the base station being adapted to schedule communication for a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices including a reporting device, using a communication configuration, the method comprising:
receiving a report generated by a reporting device, the measurement report indicating an amount of interference perceived by the reporting device through a reference signal of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system; and
the communication configuration of at least one of the plurality of devices is adjusted to mitigate interference using the measurement report and information about other devices communicating in the wireless communication system and information about reference signals used by the other devices.
80. A method for operating an apparatus in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising an antenna element, the method comprising:
For communication in a wireless communication system, selecting and using a first one of a set of different spatial reception filters with an antenna element as a selected filter to achieve directional selectivity of signals received with the antenna element; wherein each spatial receive filter is associated with a primary direction of direction sensitivity; causing the device to receive a signal from a communication partner using a first spatial reception filter;
performing a measurement procedure at a different time than the communication, the measurement procedure including selecting a selected filter according to a direction of an interfering link towards the device, the interfering link interfering with the device;
using information indicative of a set of reference signals used in the wireless communication system;
determining, for each of a set of reference signals, an amount of interference that interferes with the communication by measuring to obtain a measurement indicative of an amount of interference perceived by the device through the reference signals of the set of reference signals; and
a second spatial filter for communication is selected based on the measurement to mitigate interference perceived with the first spatial receive filter.
81. A method for operating a first device in a wireless communication system, the device comprising an antenna unit and being adapted to establish a link with a base station; wherein the method comprises:
Selecting a first spatial transmission filter for transmitting signals using the antenna element based on a beam correspondence procedure with the base station;
measuring, using information indicative of a transmission time of signals from a different second device, interference caused by the second device to the first device during the transmission time and via an interference channel;
deriving information indicative of an amount of interference caused by the first device to the second device using reciprocal channel assumptions about the interfering channel;
a different second spatial transmit filter is selected based on the information indicative of the amount of interference to mitigate interference by the first device to the second device.
82. A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system to receive signals from communication partners, the method comprising:
observing a set of radio resources of the wireless communication system, e.g. during transmission or reception of signals by the communication partners;
for each radio resource, measuring interference occurring in the radio resource to obtain a measurement result; and
reporting the measurement results or information derived therefrom to a wireless communication system; and/or
Determining at least one selected future radio resource based on the measurement result and based on the interference criterion; and
Transmitting information indicating at least one future radio resource to the wireless communication system; and/or requesting scheduling of downlink and/or uplink signals from the communication partner in the selected at least one future radio resource.
83. A method for operating a wireless communication system including at least one base station, and a plurality of devices for communication scheduling by the at least one base station, the method comprising:
observing, with each device, a set of device individuals of radio resources of the wireless communication system;
for each radio resource, measuring interference occurring in the radio resource to obtain a measurement result; and
reporting the measurement results or information derived therefrom to a wireless communication system;
using a wireless communication system, a communication configuration for a plurality of devices is determined based on an evaluation of the reported radio resources, e.g., by extrapolation, which mitigates interference caused by transmitting signals to the devices during future radio resources.
84. A method for operating a wireless communication system to provide wireless communication from at least a base station to a device, the method comprising:
operating the device to:
Observing the radio environment of the device to obtain an observation result; and determining that at least one radio resource is susceptible to cross-link interference based on the observation;
reporting a report indicating at least one radio resource to a base station; and
receiving information indicating a communication configuration to receive signals in scheduled future radio resources;
a preemption signal is transmitted within a wireless communication system to indicate an expected signal in scheduled future radio resources.
85. A method for operating a device in a wireless communication network, for example, in a full duplex mode, the method comprising:
measuring an auto-interference related parameter related to wireless communication of the device, for example, including signal power from the wireless network or from outside the wireless communication network; and
reporting the self-interference related parameters; and/or determining and reporting self-interference mitigation parameters for mitigating self-interference.
86. A computer readable digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program having a program code for performing the method of one of claims 77 to 85 when run on a computer.
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| EP20189688.3 | 2020-08-05 | ||
| EP21151672.9 | 2021-01-14 | ||
| EP21172907 | 2021-05-07 | ||
| EP21172907.4 | 2021-05-07 | ||
| PCT/EP2021/071807 WO2022029197A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2021-08-04 | Interference detection and handling |
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| CN116530134A true CN116530134A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116723074A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Downlink synchronization method, device, equipment, chip and readable storage medium |
| CN117440020A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 深圳市金固祥科技有限公司 | Scheduling management method and system for emergency detection communication command integrated platform |
| CN117880875A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-04-12 | 中交遥感天域科技江苏有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle signal rough separation method based on variable circulating power spectrum |
| CN118694683A (en) * | 2024-08-23 | 2024-09-24 | 苏州吾爱易达物联网有限公司 | Method, system, terminal and storage medium for remotely measuring network environment |
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2021
- 2021-08-04 CN CN202180068741.1A patent/CN116530134A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116723074A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Downlink synchronization method, device, equipment, chip and readable storage medium |
| CN116723074B (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-10-27 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Downlink synchronization method, device, equipment, chip and readable storage medium |
| CN117880875A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-04-12 | 中交遥感天域科技江苏有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle signal rough separation method based on variable circulating power spectrum |
| CN117440020A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 深圳市金固祥科技有限公司 | Scheduling management method and system for emergency detection communication command integrated platform |
| CN117440020B (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-04-02 | 深圳市金固祥科技有限公司 | Scheduling management method and system for emergency detection communication command integrated platform |
| CN118694683A (en) * | 2024-08-23 | 2024-09-24 | 苏州吾爱易达物联网有限公司 | Method, system, terminal and storage medium for remotely measuring network environment |
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