CN116536592B - 一种圆锯片基体用钢及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种圆锯片基体用钢,以质量百分比计,具有如下组分:C:0.42‑0.50%,Si:1.10‑1.40%,Mn:1.20‑1.50%,Cr≤0 .20%,Nb:0.1‑0.25%,Mg:0.005‑0.03%,Al<0.001%,Ca:0.005‑0.06%,RE:0.03‑0.08%,P≤0.010%,S≤0.010%,N≤0.0080%,O≤0.0020%,H≤0.0004%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。所述圆锯片基体用钢通过冶炼和铸造‑薄铸坯加热‑轧制‑淬火‑回火的方法制造。所述钢板的夹杂物含量低,具有优异的力学性能和抗疲劳性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合金钢及其制备方法,尤其是一种圆锯片基体用钢及其生产方法。
背景技术
近年来,金刚石锯片经常会使用在切割石材、建材、耐高温材料、陶瓷等这些硬度和脆性比较大的材料。我国是石材资源大国,石材产量与出口量都位居前列,随着我国在采矿、石材和建设等方面的发展越来越迅速,锯片向大直径、高转速的方向转变,对于锯片用钢,尤其是用于高端以及高质量要求设备上的锯片需求量日益增加。
为满足苛刻的工作条件,锯片基体材料必须具备以下性能:足够的强度,能够承受巨大的冲击载荷;良好的塑韧性,较高的疲劳极限和弹性极限,以起到缓和冲击、吸收振动的作用;要有一定的刚度,保证锯片在受到载荷与冲击时能够维持平面状态,避免因翘偏等造成载荷或冲击力突然增大而失效;具有一定的耐热性, 防止因锯片与待切件间的摩擦生热造成局部的高温而性能下降;同时具有良好的耐磨性。传统的金刚石圆锯常采用30CrMo、50Mn2V、65Mn 和 75Cr1 等几种钢材作为基体材料,并通过调质处理来获得使用性能要求。但上述传统的65Mn等锯片基体用钢存在如下缺点,一是热处理后硬度不够,耐磨性差,二是脆性较高、塑韧性稍差、耐疲劳性不足,造成使用寿命短,成本居高不下。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种圆锯片基体用钢及其生产方法,通过Mn、Si、Nb复合强化,并通过Ca、Mg、RE复合脱氧、净化,使得最终产品中夹杂物含量低,强韧度高,抗疲劳性能优异,显著增加产品寿命。
具体技术方案是:
一种圆锯片基体用钢,以质量百分比计,具有如下组分:
C:0.42-0.50%,Si:1.10-1.40%,Mn:1.20-1.50%,Cr≤0 .20%,Nb:0.1-0.25%,Mg:0.005-0.03%,Al<0.001%,Ca:0.005-0.06%,RE:0.03-0.08%,P≤0.010%,S≤0.010%,N≤0.0080%,O≤0.0020%,H≤0.0004%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。所述钢的抗拉强度达1400MPa以上,屈服强度达1200MPa以上,布氏硬度达420-460,延伸率≥12%,室温夏比V型纵向冲击功Akv≥65J。
所述圆锯片基体用钢中非金属夹杂物均≤1.0级。
本发明的圆锯片基体用钢通过如下步骤进行制造:
(1)冶炼和铸造,转炉→LF精炼→薄板坯连铸;
(2)薄铸坯加热,将薄铸坯加热至1100℃-1180℃,保温25-40min;
(3)轧制,采用两阶段热轧,粗轧温度为940-1100℃,精轧温度为850-920℃,精轧阶段轧制压下率大于40%,末道次轧制压下率小于15%,轧后进行层流冷却,以5~20℃/s冷却至680~750℃,进行卷取;
(4)淬火,淬火加热温度在780~850℃,水冷至温度200℃以下;
(5)回火,回火温度为470-530℃。
冶炼步骤中,在转炉后的出钢过程加入无铝硅铁和锰铁进行预脱氧,LF炉精炼时采用先向钢中加入Ca-Si线进行脱氧,再加入Ca-Mg合金进行深度脱硫、脱氧,最后再在钢中加入Mg-RE中间合金进行变质处理。
步骤(1)中,控制薄板坯厚度为25-50mm。
回火后组织为回火索氏体。
本发明各元素的作用:
C:0.42-0.50%
钢中主要的固溶强化元素,且与Nb结合形成碳化物,保证圆锯片基体硬度、强度和耐磨性的元素,但过高的C含量会影响钢材料的韧性。因此,本发明所述的圆锯片基体钢中将C含量控制在0.42-0.50%。
Si:1.10-1.40%
Si起到重要的脱氧作用,能固溶于铁素体中影响钢的强度性能。且Si可以降低二次硬化峰值温度10~70℃,提高二次硬度(HRC)1~3,降低碳化物在回火时的析出温度,细化了回火析出的碳化物并增加其析出量,会促进钢产生二次硬化效应。因此,本发明所述的圆锯片基体钢中将Si的含量控制在1.10-1.40%。
Mn:1.20-1.50%
Mn是奥氏体扩大元素,还能够提高钢的强度,增加钢的淬透性,提高钢的硬度和强度。Mn元素含量过高时,增加钢的回火脆敏感性,而且很容易导致铸坯中出现偏析和裂纹。因此,本发明所述的圆锯片基体钢中将Mn的含量控制在1.20-1.50%。
Nb:0.1-0.25%
Nb是强碳化物形成元素,提高钢的硬度、强度,改善韧性及回火稳定性,产生二次硬化效应。但当Nb含量过多时,析出的第二相粒子明显变粗,上述作用反而会减弱,并可能影响钢材的韧性。因此,本发明所述的圆锯片基体钢中将Nb的含量控制在0.1-0.25%。
Mg:0.005-0.03%
镁与氧、氮、硫都有很强的亲和力,可达到很好的脱氧效果,将氧含量降到极低水平。同时镁还能改善碳化物在铸态组织中分布,使其分布均匀化,还能细化碳化物尺寸。同时Mg还会同CaO、MnS形成易上浮的复合夹杂物,减少钢液中夹杂含量。
Ca:0.005-0.06%
Ca起到脱硫改善夹杂物形态的作用,还可以显著降低S在晶界的偏聚,这些都有益于提高铸钢的质量,进而提高钢的性能。因此,本发明所述的圆锯片基体钢中将Ca的含量控制在0.005-0.06%。
RE:添加适量的稀土可以减少硫、磷等元素的偏析,改善非金属夹杂物的形状、大小和分布,同时可以细化晶粒,提高硬度。RE和Mg复合加入钢液后,因为 Mg、Ce、La 的原子半径都大于 Fe,在固溶的过程中会产生较大的晶格畸变,系统为了降低畸变能,稀土和镁会向晶界偏聚,从而起到净化晶界,改善强韧性的效果。
Al<0.001%
Al是本领域常用的脱氧剂,但在脱氧过程中会形成硬质脆性夹杂物Al2O3、(Mg/Mn)O·Al2O3等,而钢中的夹杂物特别是脆性夹杂物是降低钢疲劳寿命和抗冲击性能的关键因素,为了避免上述脆性夹杂物的产生,本发明中不使用Al作为脱氧剂,并严格控制原料中的Al含量。
P和S都是钢中不可避免的有害杂质,它们的存在会严重恶化钢的韧性。本申请中控制P≤0.010%,S≤0.010%。
本发明所述的圆锯板基材钢及其生产方法具有如下所述的优点以及有益效果:
本申请中采用Nb作为碳化物形成元素,避免采用价格昂贵的V,通过加入Si与Mn配合增加淬透性,同时Si还会回火时细化回NbC,并增加其析出量,使得回火后钢板的强度和韧性得到保证。
冶炼步骤中,在转炉出钢过程加入无铝硅铁和锰铁进行预脱氧,LF炉精炼时首先采用先向钢中加入Ca-Si线进行脱氧,再加入Ca-Mg合金进行深度脱硫、脱氧。Mg和氧的结合能力远大于Mg和硫的结合能力,当Mg加入到钢液中后,首先和氧结合,随着反应进行,钢液中的氧持续降低,可以降到极低水平,从而有效避免了Al2O3硬质相的生成,同时生成的MgO还会同CaO、MnS以及钢液中残留的形成易上浮的复合夹杂物,从而减少最终钢中非金属夹杂物的含量,使得产品中非金属夹杂物均≤1.0级。Mg-RE中间合金的加入不仅可以有效的净化晶界,改善非金属夹杂物的形状、大小和分布,同时Mg与RE复合变质可以有效细化碳化物的尺寸,避免大尺寸碳化物的影响。通过上述工艺,使得本发明所述钢材的韧性和抗疲劳性能得到有效提高。
为了避免铸造过程中,铸坯中心降温速率低而造成的碳化物长大,本申请采用薄板坯连铸,将板坯厚度控制在20-50mm之间,有效抑制大尺寸碳化物的形成。
本发明在淬火后选择高温回火,获得回火索氏体,以更好的平衡强度、硬度和韧性,从而得到满足性能要求的圆锯板基材。
具体实施方式
实施例A1-A5是本申请的实施例、B1-B9是本申请的对比例,具体组分见下表1。实施例A1-A5均按照以下步骤进行制备,具体工艺参数见表2。对比例B1-B9的制备工艺与A5相同。
(1)冶炼和铸造,转炉→LF精炼→薄板坯连铸;
(2)薄铸坯加热,将薄铸坯加热至1100℃-1180℃,保温25-40min;
(3)轧制,采用两阶段热轧,粗轧温度为940-1100℃,精轧温度为850-920℃,精轧阶段轧制压下率大于40%,末道次轧制压下率小于15%,轧后进行层流冷却,以5~20℃/s冷却至680~750℃,进行卷取;
(4)淬火,淬火加热温度在780~850℃,水冷至温度200℃以下;
(5)回火,回火温度为470-530℃。
对回火处理后的实施例A1-5、B1-B9,进行力学性能测试,并按照GB/T10561-2005的规定对夹杂物进行评级,判断是否满足“非金属夹杂物均≤1.0级”的标准,按照ISO1099:2006的规定评价评价疲劳特性,具体结果见表3。
表1
表2
表3
由表2的测试结果可以看出,实施例A1-A5的强度、韧性和硬度高,夹杂物控制满足要求,抗疲劳性能优异,符合本发明对于圆锯片基体用钢的要求。对比例B1、B6、B7、B9中对于微量元素Ca、Mg、Al、RE的控制不满足要求,从而造成夹杂物数量超过控制标准,韧性和疲劳性能不佳。对比例B2中的C含量过高,虽然能够获得更高的硬度,但屈服强度和韧性无法满足要求。对比例B4、B8中的Si含量,B3、B5中的Nb含量不足满足要求,也无法获得满足要求的圆锯片基体用钢。
对比例B51-B53的组分与实施例A5相同,但制备工艺不同,具体参见表4。其测试结果如表5所示。
表4
表5
B51中由于采用了过低的终轧温度,板坯内部缺陷增加,产品整体性能下降。B52中由于回火温度较低,虽然获得了更高的硬度,但韧性和疲劳强度无法满足要求。B53中回火温度过高,碳化物粗大化,韧性显著下降。
上面对本发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进,或未经改进直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种圆锯片基体用钢,其特征在于:
以质量百分比计,具有如下组分:
C:0.42-0.50%,Si:1.10-1.40%,Mn:1.20-1.50%,Cr≤0 .20%,Nb:0.1-0.25%,Mg:0.005-0.03%,Al<0.001%,Ca:0.005-0.06%,RE:0.03-0.08%,P≤0.010%,S≤0.010%,N≤0.0080%,O≤0.0020%,H≤0.0004%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素;
所述钢的抗拉强度达1400MPa以上,屈服强度达1200MPa以上,布氏硬度达420-460,延伸率≥12%,室温夏比V型纵向冲击功Akv≥65J。
2.如权利要求1所述的圆锯片基体用钢,其特征在于:所述钢回火后组织为回火索氏体。
3.如权利要求1所述的圆锯片基体用钢,其特征在于:所述钢中非金属夹杂物均≤1.0级。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的圆锯片基体用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)冶炼和铸造,转炉→LF精炼→薄板坯连铸;
(2)薄铸坯加热,将薄铸坯加热至1100℃-1180℃,保温25-40min;
(3)轧制,采用两阶段热轧,粗轧温度为940-1100℃,精轧温度为850-920℃,精轧阶段轧制压下率大于40%,末道次轧制压下率小于15%,轧后进行层流冷却,以5~20℃/s冷却至680~750℃,进行卷取;
(4)淬火,淬火加热温度在780~850℃,水冷至温度200℃以下;
(5)回火,回火温度为470-530℃。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种圆锯片基体用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,在转炉后的出钢过程加入无铝硅铁和锰铁进行预脱氧,LF炉精炼时采用先向钢中加入Ca-Si线进行脱氧,再加入Ca-Mg合金进行深度脱硫、脱氧。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种圆锯片基体用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:Ca-Mg合金进行深度脱硫、脱氧后,再在钢中加入Mg-RE中间合金进行变质处理。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种圆锯片基体用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,控制薄板坯厚度为25-50mm。
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