CN116474796A - Composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0573—Selenium; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysis, in particular to a composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. The invention can be used for preparing graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C) 3 N 4 ) Deposition of Bi on surfaces by in situ conversion reactions 2 Se 3 Simple method of nanodot, reaction is carried out by preparing Bi in advance 2 O 3 /g‑C 3 N 4 The precursor is subjected to in-situ selenization reaction to obtain Bi 2 O 3 Conversion to Bi 2 Se 3 Nano-dots to obtain Bi 2 Se 3 /g‑C 3 N 4 A composite photocatalyst. In photocatalytic degradationIn the experiment of phenol, bi 2 Se 3 /g‑C 3 N 4 The performance of the composite photocatalyst is better than Bi 2 O 3 /g‑C 3 N 4 Precursor and single Bi 2 Se 3 And g-C 3 N 4 . At the same time, has good stability in N 2 Bi when photoreduction is carried out in the environment 2 Se 3 Exhibits good resistance to photo-etching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysis, in particular to a composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Graphite state carbon nitride (g-C) 3 N 4 ) The preparation method is an important semiconductor visible light photocatalytic material, has the characteristics of simple and convenient preparation, low cost, rich raw material sources and good stability, is widely focused in the field of photocatalysis, and has good application prospect in the photocatalytic fuel cell when used for preparing the photoelectrode. But g-C 3 N 4 The conductivity of the polymer is poor, and the photo-generated carriers are easy to be compounded, so that the single use of the polymer has poor photocatalysis performance.
Bi 2 Se 3 Can absorb visible light in all wavelength ranges, has good photoresponsive activity, has stronger reducing capability, and is one of few reduced semiconductors. However, the positions of valence bands are relatively high, the oxidation capability is very weak, and the catalyst is rarely applied to the field of photocatalysis. If the advantages of strong reducing capability and strong light absorption capability can be fully utilized, the catalyst has good application potential in the field of photocatalysis.
By Bi capable of absorbing all visible light 2 Se 3 The method is compounded with the method, and the trapezoidal (S-shaped) heterojunction is constructed to effectively separate the photo-generated carriers with strong oxidation-reduction capability, so that the method is one of effective methods for improving the photo-catalytic performance of the photo-generated carriers. Existing Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Very few reports of heterojunction preparation, mainly by physical methods, of Bi 2 Se 3 Particle and g-C 3 N 4 The mixed ultrasonic treatment is carried out to prepare, only a part of Bi 2 Se 3 With g-C 3 N 4 Bonding occurs and Bi 2 Se 3 The larger particle size and smaller contact surface make the bonding of the two semiconductors inadequate and tight. Meanwhile, since the trapezoidal heterojunction is not formed, bi 2 Se 3 The photo-generated holes are not consumed, photo-generated electrons on the conducting band cannot be effectively reserved, and the reinforcing effect of the heterojunction is insufficient. Preparation of Bi having an S-type electron transport mode 2 Se 3 With g-C 3 N 4 The fully intimately bonded composite catalysts have great difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of the existing g-C 3 N 4 In the composite preparation technology, the two semiconductors are not fully and tightly combined.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a composite photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Will g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 Mixing the solution, ethanol, glycol and water, and performing illumination treatment on the obtained mixed solution under a sealing condition;
(2) After the light treatment is finished, carrying out oxidation reaction under the air condition to generate a compound;
(3) And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the obtained compound and selenium powder in a protective atmosphere to generate the compound photocatalyst.
Preferably, in step (1), g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 The dosage ratio of the solution, the ethanol, the glycol and the water is 0.5g (0.3-2.5) mL, 1mL (10-50) mL (10-40) mL;
the Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 The concentration of the solution is 0.01-0.03 g/mL.
Preferably, the time of the illumination treatment in the step (1) is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the oxidation reaction time in the step (2) is 1 to 3 hours.
Preferably, in step (1), g-C 3 N 4 The mass ratio of the selenium powder in the step (3) is 0.5 (0.1-0.5).
Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (3) is 240-360 ℃ and the time is 30-150 min.
The invention also provides the composite photocatalyst obtained by the preparation method, and the composite photocatalyst is Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 A photocatalyst.
The invention provides a method capable of generating a new energy in g-C 3 N 4 Surface in situ deposition of Bi 2 Se 3 The simple method of the nano-dots has simple operation method and easy control. Bi obtained 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Bi in the composite 2 Se 3 The particle size is in the nanometer scale range (the size is smaller than 100 nm), and the size can be reduced to the quantum scale by changing the adding amount of Bi. Bi (Bi) 2 Se 3 Nano point is g-C 3 N 4 The surface distribution is uniform, the combination is tight, and the joint surface is Bi 2 Se 3 The loading is adjustable below 10wt%. Meanwhile, through full contact of interfaces, a heterojunction with an S-shaped charge transmission mode is formed, so that carriers with strong oxidation-reduction capability are reserved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Bi 2 Se 3 、g-C 3 N 4 And Bi obtained in example 2 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 XRD pattern of (b);
FIG. 2 shows Bi obtained in example 2 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 A TEM image of (a);
FIG. 3 shows the respective use of Bi 2 Se 3 、g-C 3 N 4 And example 2Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Visible light (. Lambda.) of phenol>400 nm) photocatalytic degradation curve;
FIG. 4 is a photo-reduction comparative experiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a composite photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Will g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 Mixing the solution, ethanol, glycol and water, and performing illumination treatment on the obtained mixed solution under a sealing condition;
(2) After the completion of the light irradiation treatment, an oxidation reaction was carried out under air conditions to produce a complex (Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 A precursor;
(3) And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the obtained compound and selenium powder in a protective atmosphere to generate the compound photocatalyst.
In the present invention, the step (1) is g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 The dosage ratio of the ethanol to the ethylene glycol and the water is 0.5g (0.3-2.5) mL (1 mL) (10-50 mL) (10-40 mL), preferably 0.5g (1-2) mL (1 mL) (20-40) mL (15-30) mL; the Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 The concentration of the solution is 0.01 to 0.03g/mL, preferably 0.02g/mL.
In the present invention, the time of the light irradiation treatment in the step (1) is 0.5 to 2 hours, preferably 1 to 1.5 hours.
In the present invention, the oxidation reaction time in the step (2) is 1 to 3 hours, preferably 2 hours.
In the present invention, the step (1) is g-C 3 N 4 The mass ratio of the selenium powder in the step (3) is 0.5 (0.1-0.5), preferably 0.5 (0.2-0.4).
In the invention, the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (3) is 240-360 ℃, preferably 260-290 ℃; the time is 30 to 150 minutes, preferably 50 to 100 minutes, and more preferably 60 to 80 minutes.
The invention also provides the composite photocatalyst obtained by the preparation method, and the composite photocatalyst is Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 A photocatalyst.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Will be 0.5g g-C 3 N 4 Adding the mixture into 10mL of water and 50mL of glycol, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a pale yellow suspension; bi (NO) 3 ) 3 .5H 2 O is dissolved in water to prepare 0.02g/mL solution; in g-C 3 N 4 0.3ml of prepared Bi (NO) was added to the suspension of (2) 3 ) 3 Stirring the aqueous solution and 1ml of ethanol uniformly, pouring into a glass reaction bottle, covering a cover for sealing, and irradiating for 1h with a xenon lamp under continuous stirring until the color of the mixed solution becomes grey black; stopping illumination, opening a sealing cover of the glass reaction bottle, and continuing stirring for 2 hours until the color of the mixed solution is changed from gray black to light yellow; centrifuging, washing, drying, adding 0.1g selenium powder into a tube furnace, and adding into N 2 And under the protection, carrying out heat treatment at 250 ℃ for 30min to obtain the final product.
Example 2
Will be 0.5g g-C 3 N 4 Adding the mixture into 10mL of water and 50mL of glycol, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a pale yellow suspension; 1mLBi (NO) was added 3 ) 3 The aqueous solution (0.02 gl/mL) and 1mL of ethanol are stirred uniformly; pouring into a glass reaction bottle, covering with a cover, sealing, and irradiating with xenon lamp under stirring for 1 hr until the color of the mixed solution becomes grey black; stopping illumination, opening a sealing cover of the glass reaction bottle, and continuously stirring for 2 hours until the color of the mixed solution is changed from gray black to light yellow. Centrifuging, washing, drying, adding 0.2g selenium powder into a tube furnace, and adding into N 2 And under the protection, carrying out heat treatment at 350 ℃ for 60min to obtain the final product.
Example 3
Will be 0.5g g-C 3 N 4 Adding the mixture into 10mL of water and 50mL of glycol, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a pale yellow suspension; 2.5mLBi (NO) 3 ) 3 The aqueous solution (0.02 g/mL) and 1mL of ethanol are stirred uniformly; pouring into a glass reaction bottle, covering with a cover, sealing, and irradiating with xenon lamp under stirring for 1 hr until the color of the mixed solution becomes grey black; stopping illumination, opening a sealing cover of the glass reaction bottle, and continuously stirring for 2 hours until the color of the mixed solution is changed from gray black to light yellow. Centrifuging the prepared powderWashing, drying, and placing together with 0.5g selenium powder in a tube furnace, under N 2 And under the protection, carrying out heat treatment at 300 ℃ for 120min to obtain the final product.
Example 4
Will be 0.5g g-C 3 N 4 Adding the mixture into 40mL of water and 20mL of glycol, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a pale yellow suspension; 1mLBi (NO) was added 3 ) 3 The aqueous solution (0.02 g/mL) and 1mL of ethanol are stirred uniformly; pouring into a glass reaction bottle, covering with a cover, sealing, and irradiating with xenon lamp under stirring for 1 hr until the color of the mixed solution becomes grey black; stopping illumination, opening a sealing cover of the glass reaction bottle, and continuously stirring for 2 hours until the color of the mixed solution is changed from gray black to light yellow. Centrifuging, washing, drying, adding 0.5g selenium powder into a tube furnace, and adding into N 2 And under the protection, carrying out heat treatment at 300 ℃ for 30min to obtain the final product.
Example 5
Will be 0.5g g-C 3 N 4 Adding the mixture of 30mL of water and 30mL of glycol, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a pale yellow suspension; 1mLBi (NO) was added 3 ) 3 The aqueous solution (0.02 g/mL) and 1mL of ethanol are stirred uniformly; pouring into a glass reaction bottle, covering with a cover, sealing, and irradiating with xenon lamp under stirring for 1 hr until the color of the mixed solution becomes grey black; stopping illumination, opening a sealing cover of the glass reaction bottle, and continuously stirring for 2 hours until the color of the mixed solution is changed from gray black to light yellow. Centrifuging, washing, drying, adding 0.1g selenium powder into a tube furnace, and adding into N 2 And under the protection, carrying out heat treatment at 250 ℃ for 120min to obtain the final product.
The products of the examples were tested in which:
FIG. 1 is Bi 2 Se 3 、g-C 3 N 4 And Bi obtained in example 2 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Is shown in FIG. 1, which illustrates Bi in a sample 2 Se is on the nanometer scale.
FIG. 2 shows Bi obtained in example 2 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 FIG. 2 illustrates a sample of Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Bi in precursor 2 O 3 Has been completely converted into Bi 2 Se 3 。
FIG. 3 shows the respective use of Bi 2 Se 3 、g-C 3 N 4 And example 2Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Visible light (. Lambda.) of phenol>400 nm) photocatalytic degradation curve, FIG. 3 illustrates that the sample has higher photocatalytic activity, bi in the figure 2 Se 3 The carbon nitride is a self-made product.
FIG. 4 shows the photo-reduction comparative experiment using the composite photocatalyst obtained in example 2, and the photo-catalytic degradation experiment: taking 0.1mg/L phenol solution as a standard substance, adding 50mg of sample into 15ml of phenol solution, carrying out a photocatalytic degradation experiment under the irradiation of 60W visible light LED, taking the solution at intervals to measure the ultraviolet spectrum, and monitoring the change of the phenol concentration by using the characteristic peak (269 nm) intensity of the phenol.
Fig. 4 shows that the stability of the sample is high, bismuth in the bismuth-based photocatalyst is usually easily reduced and oxidized, and bismuth oxide is formed when oxygen is insufficient, and the original composition of the bismuth-based photocatalyst is destroyed.
Stability test, bi to be prepared 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Precursor and Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 The samples were placed in sealed bottles containing 20ml of ethylene glycol, 20ml of water and 1ml of ethanol mixed solvent, respectively, and nitrogen was introduced, and then irradiated with a xenon lamp for 1 hour, and then the xenon lamp was turned off, and the seal cap was opened and air was exposed for 3 hours. It can be seen that Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 First blacken and then whiteen, which indicates Bi 2 O 3 Is reduced into metal bismuth in the illumination process, and is oxidized when air is exposed. And Bi is 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 No whitening after exposure to air, indicating Bi 2 Se 3 Is not reduced to metallic bismuth under light, and shows good stability.
The invention can prepare the Bi with tight combination 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Complex with significantly enhanced photocatalytic activityAnd stability, overcome the easy photo-corrosion that takes place of general bismuth series photocatalyst.
The invention adopts Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 The compound is used as a precursor, and Bi can be effectively controlled by controlling the amount of bismuth nitrate added 2 O 3 Is of a size such that it can be completely converted into Bi 2 Se 3 (if commercially available bismuth oxide is used, the bismuth cannot be completely converted into Bi due to the large particle size 2 Se 3 ) Meanwhile, due to in-situ conversion, bi is ensured 2 Se 3 And g-C 3 N 4 Is a sufficient and tight bond. Bi reported at present 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 The method of mixing ultrasound cannot achieve the sufficiently tight combination of the two.
The invention controls the temperature to be 240-360 ℃ when the selenium powder is not mixed with g-C 3 N 4 And (3) reacting.
From the above examples, the present invention provides a method capable of measuring the total weight of a sample in g-C 3 N 4 Surface in situ deposition of Bi 2 Se 3 The simple method of the nano-dots has simple operation method and easy control. Bi obtained 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Bi in the composite 2 Se 3 The particle size is in the nanometer scale range (the size is smaller than 100 nm), and the size can be reduced to the quantum scale by changing the adding amount of Bi. Bi (Bi) 2 Se 3 Nano point is g-C 3 N 4 The surface distribution is uniform, the combination is tight, and the joint surface is Bi 2 Se 3 The loading is adjustable below 10wt%. Meanwhile, through full contact of interfaces, a heterojunction with an S-shaped charge transmission mode is formed, so that carriers with strong oxidation-reduction capability are reserved. In the experiment of degrading phenol by photocatalysis, bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 The performance of the composite photocatalyst is better than Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Precursor and single Bi 2 Se 3 And g-C 3 N 4 . At the same time, has good stability in N 2 Bi when photoreduction is carried out in the environment 2 Se 3 Exhibits good resistance to photo-etching.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Will g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 Mixing the solution, ethanol, glycol and water, and performing illumination treatment on the obtained mixed solution under a sealing condition;
(2) After the light treatment is finished, carrying out oxidation reaction under the air condition to generate a compound;
(3) And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the obtained compound and selenium powder in a protective atmosphere to generate the compound photocatalyst.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step (1) g-C 3 N 4 、Bi(NO 3 ) 3 The dosage ratio of the solution, the ethanol, the glycol and the water is 0.5g (0.3-2.5) mL, 1mL (10-50) mL (10-40) mL;
the Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 The concentration of the solution is 0.01-0.03 g/mL.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the time of the light irradiation treatment in the step (1) is 0.5 to 2 hours.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein the oxidation reaction time in the step (2) is 1 to 3 hours.
5. The process according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein g-C in step (1) 3 N 4 The mass ratio of the selenium powder in the step (3) is 0.5 (0.1-0.5)。
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the heat treatment in step (3) is carried out at a temperature of 240 to 360℃for 30 to 150 minutes.
7. The composite photocatalyst obtained by the production process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composite photocatalyst is Bi 2 Se 3 /g-C 3 N 4 A photocatalyst.
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