CN116467633B - Online automatic analysis system and method for power grid faults and protection actions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an online automatic analysis system and method for power grid faults and protection actions, and belongs to the technical field of power grid fault monitoring. According to the invention, through the information collection module, the fault diagnosis module and the protection work analysis module which are arranged at the power grid dispatching end, on one hand, the abnormal collection condition can be eliminated, the error conclusion of protection action analysis caused by abnormal collection is avoided, and on the other hand, the protection action rationality analysis does not relate to specific protection action characteristics, and the analysis conclusion of whether protection should be performed or not and whether the protection is correct or not can be obtained, so that the method is suitable for action analysis and evaluation of different types of protection principles or types, and is particularly suitable for realizing online automatic action analysis and evaluation of a large number of different types of protection at the dispatching end. The method solves the technical problems that the existing online analysis scheme of the power grid faults and the protection actions is insufficient in fault diagnosis accuracy and lacks in analysis and evaluation of the protection actions.

Description

Online automatic analysis system and method for power grid faults and protection actions

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of power grid fault monitoring, in particular to an online automatic analysis system and method for power grid faults and protection actions.

Background

After the power grid faults occur, the analysis personnel for dispatching operation mainly conduct fault analysis and protection action analysis according to fault wave recording of the fault wave recorder, protection action information of the protection device and device wave recording, and in addition, comprehensive analysis is needed to be conducted by combining other data such as power grid wiring, voltage and current transformer positions, wiring, protection fixed values and the like. The specific description is as follows.

The manual fault analysis method based on fault recording is a fault analysis method mainly adopted in the current power grid operation. The power system adopts a fault recorder to record faults, and when the power system breaks down or oscillates and other disturbances, the fault recorder can automatically record the changes of various electrical quantities in the whole fault process. The fault recorder of the power system is just like a black box of an airplane, and has important significance for safe operation and accident analysis of the power system.

When the power system breaks down, the fault recorder automatically starts wave recording, and accurately records analog quantity signals such as voltage, current, frequency and the like of a plurality of primary equipment in the whole process before, during and after the fault, and the change condition of switching quantity signals such as closing and opening of a plurality of circuit breakers and actions of a plurality of protection devices. The file in which the fault recorder records the changes of the electric quantity is called a fault record file, and fault record is short for short.

The fault record analysis software can be used for opening, checking and analyzing the fault record file. The fault information such as fault position, reason and type can be judged through manual analysis by combining the amplitude, phase and other characteristic changes of analog quantity waveforms of fault recording in the fault process and the action and time sequence conditions of switching values and combining other data such as power grid wiring, voltage-current transformer position and wiring, protection fixed value, and the like, and the information such as protection and whether a circuit breaker acts correctly can be analyzed by combining the protection action information, so that the method has important effects on fault analysis, protection action analysis, fault reason finding and accident handling.

The analysis method based on fault recording requires that an analyst have basic expertise and a certain experience accumulation, and particularly has high requirements on expertise and experience for some complex faults.

The manual protection action analysis method based on the protection action information is a protection action analysis method mainly adopted in the current power grid operation. After the power grid faults occur, the relay protection device can generate event information such as actions, alarms, state shifts and the like and wave recording information, and the information is contained in action messages, action reports and device wave recording of the protection device. Therefore, the protection device action message, the action report and the device wave recording are an important basis for analyzing the power grid faults and protecting action behaviors. The device record wave is similar to the record wave of the fault recorder, but the record wave channel only comprises the voltage, the current and the protection action condition collected by the protection device.

The action message of a certain line protection device shows the conditions of protection starting, protection action, main electric quantity and the like. The protection action messages are sent to the dispatching end through the protection information system while being displayed on the liquid crystal panel of the protection device, so that dispatching operation and remote checking and analysis of protection professionals can be realized.

The protection action report of a certain line records the information including the action behavior, action time sequence, fault phase voltage and current amplitude, the function pressing plate on-off state, switching value state, protection wave recording and the like of each relevant element in the protection starting and action process in detail.

According to the protection action report, various characteristic changes such as waveforms, amplitude values, phases and the like of main electric quantity recorded by the protection device in the fault process, various protection action elements such as differential protection, distance protection, zero sequence protection and the like, actions and time sequence conditions of switching values can be known, fault information such as fault positions, reasons, types and the like, and information such as whether protection and circuit breakers act correctly can be manually analyzed and judged by combining other materials such as fault recording, power grid wiring, voltage-current transformer positions, wiring, protection fixed values and the like, and the important roles are played in fault analysis, protection action analysis, fault finding and accident handling.

The analysis method based on the protection action information also requires that the analyst have basic protection expertise and a certain experience accumulation, especially some complex faults, and has high requirements on the expertise and experience.

The automatic fault diagnosis and analysis method based on fault recording is the most applied fault analysis method on the current recorder. The method is based on the fault starting discrimination of the fault recorder and a certain fault electric quantity calculation and analysis method, and fault diagnosis and analysis are carried out. The method needs to analyze a recording file in a COMTRADE format, extract configuration information such as the name of the recording device, analog quantity data such as voltage and current and switching value data of protection action, utilize Fourier algorithm and the like to perform analog electric quantity calculation to extract fault characteristics, calculate to obtain fault information such as phase difference, ranging and the like, and then combine the switching value information to perform fault diagnosis. The analysis conclusion mainly comprises fault attributes and characteristics such as fault time, fault type, phase, duration, fault voltage, fault current and the like. In addition, the protection action condition can be checked through the protection action switching value information in the fault record.

Because a single recorder only collects all (or part of) voltage and current electric quantity of a transformer substation and action switching value information of a protection device, namely, only contains single-end electric quantity and protection information of a line, lacks electric quantity and protection information of a line opposite side and upper and lower lines, and lacks related information such as protection fixed value, main wiring and the like. Therefore, the existing fault diagnosis analysis based on single fault recording mainly depends on the single-end electric quantity of a line, has defects in the aspects of fault diagnosis accuracy and information integrity, is difficult to realize analysis and evaluation of relay protection actions, and cannot meet the requirements of scheduling decisions and operation, maintenance and overhaul.

The automatic protection action analysis method based on the relay protection algorithm is mainly based on the actual principle algorithm and judgment logic of the protection device to perform software simulation on the protection device function, and is a digital twin concept on the protection function. Specifically, firstly, extracting wave recording data from software, and calculating according to a protection device algorithm to obtain calculation results of functional elements such as protection starting, differential protection, distance protection and the like; combining protection fixed value comparison, protection logic and comprehensive analysis and judgment of various switching value inputs to obtain a simulated protection action result; and comparing the software simulation result with the action condition of the actual device to complete the analysis and evaluation of the actual device. According to the method, the same calculation method and action logic are selected according to different protection devices and different protection principles, and then whether the protection action is correct or not is determined according to comprehensive analysis of calculation results, protection fixed values and protection action logic.

For example, chinese patent CN105277825a discloses an intelligent analysis device and method for relay protection action faults, which includes a basic data acquisition module, a screening data module, a protection action analysis module and a protection action analysis result display module; the basic data acquisition module comprises a data interface unit, and is connected with the power grid protection system through the data interface unit.

The method has the advantages that the calculation and analysis results are accurate, and each type of protection principle and action characteristic can be accurately and detailed analyzed. The technical scheme has the defect that the internal algorithm and logic of the protection device are required to be known, so that the technical scheme is mainly used for the analysis of protection equipment manufacturers on own protection equipment.

The protection action analysis method based on the relay protection algorithm has the defects that the specific protection principle algorithm of the analyzed and evaluated object protection device is required to be known in advance, and all required information such as analog quantity, switching value, protection fixed value and the like is accurately acquired. If the algorithm in the software is different from the actual algorithm of the protection device, the analog quantity acquisition and the switching value state are different, and the fixed value setting is inconsistent, different conclusions can be possibly obtained; in addition, the method cannot identify the acquisition abnormality of the protection device caused by the secondary circuit, and an erroneous analysis conclusion can be obtained when the protection device is abnormal. Therefore, the protection action analysis method based on the relay protection algorithm has insufficient analysis applicability to protection devices of different models and different manufacturers, and can be influenced by site abnormal working conditions to obtain an error conclusion.

The automatic fault diagnosis analysis method based on the artificial intelligence method is to carry out intelligent fault analysis and diagnosis on fault wave recording information, protection action information or a set of fault wave recording information and protection action information through an expert system, an artificial neural network, an optimization technology, a Petri network, a rough set theory, a fuzzy set theory, a Bayesian network, a multi-Agent technology and other artificial intelligence methods. For example, patent application CN103630244a discloses a fault diagnosis method for power system equipment, firstly, adopting two-dimensional fuzzy division to divide maximum entropy to divide infrared images, and carrying out noise reduction and target division on an collected infrared thermal image of power equipment fault points; then classifying and storing all collected power equipment image targets by adopting an artificial neural network; finally, according to the stage fusion mode model, comparing and fusing analysis is carried out on the separated fault image or the fault prediction point image and the power equipment image target, and a diagnosis result is given; and carrying out data fusion on the common fault point experience data of the power equipment and the detected fault point image data to give a final power equipment fault result or predict a fault position.

However, this method requires a large amount of test case data to train the analytical model and adjusts the parameters to the optimum to obtain more accurate results. The method is basically a statistical and probabilistic algorithm, and is relatively suitable for uncertain, non-well-defined and fuzzy analysis scenes. Therefore, the fault diagnosis and analysis method based on the artificial intelligence method has two defects: firstly, a large amount of case data is required to train an analysis model, so that a more accurate calculation analysis model can be obtained, and if the case data is less and the fault type is not covered comprehensively, the final analysis result can be inaccurate; secondly, the protection action is generally determined and definite, and the protection action analysis based on an artificial intelligence algorithm is not very suitable, and particularly the effectiveness and the accuracy of the switch or protection misoperation and refusal action analysis under the complex fault condition integrating the protection action are difficult to guarantee. Therefore, at present, academic research and application research of a fault analysis method based on an artificial intelligence method at home and abroad are mainly oriented to primary equipment fault diagnosis analysis.

Therefore, the existing online analysis scheme of the power grid faults and the protection actions has the problems of insufficient fault diagnosis accuracy and lack of analysis and evaluation of the protection actions.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an online automatic analysis system and method for power grid faults and protection actions.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an on-line automatic analysis system of grid faults and protection actions, comprising: an information collecting module, a fault diagnosis module and a protection work analysis module which are arranged at a power grid dispatching end are installed and deployed, wherein

The information collection module is used for collecting fault related information of one or more substations on line from a plurality of information source systems, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and correlating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique codes of the equipment, and determining correlated fault information belonging to the same equipment;

the fault diagnosis module is used for analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal, so as to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion comprising the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid;

The protection work analysis module is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information, and judging the rationality of the protection action, diagnosing the abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

Optionally, the plurality of information source systems include relay protection information systems, fault wave recording systems, setting computing systems and regulation clouds of the power grid dispatching end, the fault related information includes fault wave recording files, protection action messages, protection device wave recording, protection fixed values and power grid main wiring information, and the first effective information includes analog quantity, switching value, action event messages, fixed values and main wiring relation.

Optionally, the information gathering module comprises an online information gathering sub-module and an information association matching sub-module, wherein

The online information gathering submodule is used for gathering fault related information of one or more substations from a plurality of information source systems online and extracting first effective information in the fault related information;

the information association matching sub-module is used for matching and associating the related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining the association fault information belonging to the same equipment.

Optionally, the information gathering module further comprises a manual information input sub-module, wherein the manual information input sub-module is used for carrying out information supplement input when the information online gathering fails and carrying out manual intervention association matching when the association matching fails.

Optionally, the second effective information includes a device name, a device model, a fault phase, a fault distance measurement, a protection action, a reclosing action, a fault voltage and a fault current, and the electrical quantity information includes instantaneous values, effective values and a displacement condition of a switching value of the fault voltage and the current waveform.

Optionally, the fault diagnosis module comprises a fault calculation sub-module, an acquisition abnormality analysis sub-module, a fault positioning and diagnosis sub-module, wherein

The fault calculation submodule is used for analyzing the associated fault information and extracting second effective information in the associated fault information;

the acquisition anomaly analysis sub-module is used for calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, and judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is anomaly or not according to the electric quantity information;

the fault positioning and diagnosing submodule is used for analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information when the fault related information is not abnormal, and obtaining fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the power grid fault position, the fault phase and the fault property.

Optionally, analyzing and diagnosing the fault type based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including a power grid fault position, a fault phase and a fault property, including:

extracting fault characteristics from the associated fault information based on the electrical quantity information, wherein the fault characteristics comprise fault abrupt change, fault phase selection, fault voltage, fault current, transition resistance, fault distance measurement and fault direction;

based on the electrical quantity information and fault characteristics, analyzing and diagnosing fault types to obtain fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including power grid fault positions, fault phases and fault properties.

Optionally, the protection work analysis module comprises an action rationality judging sub-module, a protection action analysis sub-module and a protection action evaluation sub-module, wherein

The action rationality judging submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and judging the rationality of the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information;

the protection action analysis submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and diagnosing abnormality of protection action behaviors based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information;

The protection action evaluation submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and performing protection action evaluation based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

Optionally, the extracting protection action information in the associated fault information includes: and extracting protection action information comprising starting time, protection action time, action phase and reclosing action time based on the protection action event information or the protection wave recording HDR file in the associated fault information.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an on-line automatic analysis method for power grid faults and protection actions, comprising:

collecting fault related information of a plurality of information source systems on line, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and associating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining associated fault information belonging to the same equipment;

analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collecting module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid;

And extracting protection action information in the related fault information, and judging the rationality of the protection action, diagnosing the abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

The system for online automatic analysis of power grid faults and protection actions comprises an information collection module, a fault diagnosis module and a protection work analysis module which are arranged at a power grid dispatching end, wherein the information collection module adopts the same unique code to identify one same device in different information source systems, and the matching of the same device in the different information source systems is realized through the unique code, so that the association of fault information in different information sources is realized. The fault diagnosis module utilizes fault related information of a plurality of substations to perform fault calculation, analysis and data acquisition abnormal conditions and fault analysis, positioning and diagnosis, obtains accurate fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including power grid fault positions, fault phases and fault properties, and effectively improves fault diagnosis accuracy. The protection work analysis module integrates fault information, diagnosis results and protection action conditions to conduct protection action analysis and evaluation, on one hand, the abnormal collection condition can be eliminated, the error conclusion of the protection action analysis caused by the abnormal collection is avoided, on the other hand, the protection action rationality analysis does not relate to specific protection action characteristics, the analysis conclusion of whether protection should be performed or not and whether the protection is correct or not can be obtained, the protection work analysis module is suitable for action analysis and evaluation of different types of protection principles or models, and is particularly suitable for realizing online automatic action analysis and evaluation of a large number of different types of protection at a dispatching end. The method solves the technical problems that the existing online analysis scheme of the power grid faults and the protection actions is insufficient in fault diagnosis accuracy and lacks in analysis and evaluation of the protection actions.

Drawings

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-line automatic analysis system for power grid faults and protection actions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of an online automatic analysis method for power grid faults and protection actions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.

Fig. 1 is a schematic architecture diagram of an online automatic analysis system for power grid faults and protection actions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the online automatic analysis system for power grid faults and protection actions comprises an information gathering module, a fault diagnosis module and a protection work analysis module which are arranged at a power grid dispatching end. The information collection module is used for collecting fault related information of one or more substations on line from a plurality of information source systems, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and correlating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique codes of the equipment, and determining correlated fault information belonging to the same equipment; the fault diagnosis module is used for analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal, so as to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion comprising the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid; the protection work analysis module is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information, and judging the rationality of the protection action, diagnosing the abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

In the embodiment of the invention, the system for automatically analyzing the faults and the protection actions of the power grid on line comprises three modules, namely an information collection module, a fault diagnosis module and a protection action analysis module, wherein the three modules can be installed and deployed at a power grid dispatching end to collect fault related information of a plurality of substations on line, automatically analyze and record waves, calculate faults and analyze and collect abnormal conditions of data, perform fault analysis and positioning diagnosis, and finally integrate fault information, diagnosis results and protection action conditions to perform protection action analysis and evaluation.

Optionally, the information gathering module comprises an online information gathering sub-module and an information association matching sub-module, wherein the online information gathering sub-module is used for gathering fault related information of one or more substations from a plurality of information source systems online and extracting first effective information in the fault related information; the information association matching sub-module is used for matching and associating the related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining the association fault information belonging to the same equipment.

Optionally, the plurality of information source systems include relay protection information systems, fault wave recording systems, setting computing systems and regulation clouds of the power grid dispatching end, the fault related information includes fault wave recording files, protection action messages, protection device wave recording, protection fixed values and power grid main wiring information, and the first effective information includes analog quantity, switching value, action event messages, fixed values and main wiring relation.

Optionally, the information gathering module further comprises a manual information input sub-module, wherein the manual information input sub-module is used for carrying out information supplement input when the information online gathering fails and carrying out manual intervention association matching when the association matching fails.

Optionally, the second effective information includes a device name, a device model, a fault phase, a fault distance measurement, a protection action, a reclosing action, a fault voltage and a fault current, and the electrical quantity information includes instantaneous values, effective values and a displacement condition of a switching value of the fault voltage and the current waveform.

In the embodiment of the invention, the information gathering module completes online gathering, screening, association and display of related fault information, and comprises three sub-modules of online information gathering, information association matching and manual information input. The online information collection sub-module is responsible for collecting fault related information such as fault wave recording files, protection action messages, protection device wave recording, protection fixed values, power grid main wiring and the like of one or more transformer substations on line from information sources such as a relay protection information system, a fault wave recording system, a setting computing system, a regulation cloud and the like of a power grid dispatching end, and automatically analyzing and extracting effective information such as analog quantity, switching value, action event messages, fixed values, main wiring relations and the like; the information association matching sub-module is responsible for automatically matching and associating the same object or the related information of the associated object in different systems according to time, the name of the station and the equipment, the unique code of the equipment, the association relation of secondary equipment and the like, and combing out the associated fault information of the single fault belonging to the same equipment; the manual information input sub-module is responsible for manual intervention and information supplement input when automatic information acquisition and association matching fail.

After the fault occurs, the specific process of the fault related information on-line collection, association matching and processing is as follows:

1) The analysis is started. After a new protection action event message or a protection record file is found, starting an information gathering and analyzing process;

2) And (5) preliminary analysis. Analyzing new protection action event messages or protection wave-recording HDR file information, and extracting information (corresponding to first effective information) such as action time, station name, voltage grade, primary equipment name, protection name and the like;

3) The collection matches. According to the extracted information of the last step, information sources such as relay protection information, fault recording, setting calculation, regulation cloud and the like are automatically searched and fault recording, protection recording and protection action event messages associated with primary equipment are collected based on equipment unique codes, secondary equipment association relations and fault recorder configuration information, and fault related information of auxiliary analysis such as primary main wiring, protection fixed values and the like. Because of inconsistent naming of the same object in each independent system, matching association is difficult, and quick and accurate matching of related data in each independent data source can be realized based on unique equipment coding;

4) And (5) manual intervention. And completing information supplementary input and association matching through manual intervention under the condition that information which cannot be automatically acquired and information association matching fail.

Optionally, the fault diagnosis module comprises a fault calculation sub-module, an abnormal collection analysis sub-module and a fault positioning and diagnosis sub-module, wherein the fault calculation sub-module is used for analyzing the associated fault information and extracting second effective information in the associated fault information; the acquisition anomaly analysis sub-module is used for calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, and judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is anomaly or not according to the electric quantity information; the fault positioning and diagnosing submodule is used for analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information when the fault related information is not abnormal, and obtaining fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the power grid fault position, the fault phase and the fault property.

Optionally, analyzing and diagnosing the fault type based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including a power grid fault position, a fault phase and a fault property, including: extracting fault characteristics from the associated fault information based on the electrical quantity information, wherein the fault characteristics comprise fault abrupt change, fault phase selection, fault voltage, fault current, transition resistance, fault distance measurement and fault direction; based on the electrical quantity information and fault characteristics, analyzing and diagnosing fault types to obtain fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including power grid fault positions, fault phases and fault properties.

In the embodiment of the invention, the fault diagnosis module realizes fault calculation, acquisition abnormality analysis and fault positioning and diagnosis, and comprises three sub-modules of fault calculation, acquisition abnormality analysis and fault positioning and diagnosis. The fault calculation sub-module automatically calculates basic electric quantities such as fault branch voltage, current instantaneous value, effective value and the like based on fault wave recording and protection wave recording; the acquisition anomaly analysis submodule is used for diagnosing and analyzing the anomaly of the acquisition data through the consistency comparison of the acquisition data of the homologous acquisition data of the fault recording and the protection recording and the related characteristic analysis criteria, and if the acquisition anomaly analysis submodule is provided with double sets of wave recorders and double sets of protection, the acquisition anomaly analysis submodule is more beneficial to finding out the acquisition data of the anomaly; the fault positioning and diagnosing submodule calculates and extracts various key fault characteristics such as fault phases, fault distances, fault directions and the like based on fault branch voltage and current and electric quantity calculated values of each station and fault information such as fault reports, switch deflection and the like, and obtains fault diagnosis analysis conclusion such as fault positions, fault phases, fault properties and the like of a power grid through analyzing the fault characteristics and rules.

The specific processes of fault calculation, acquisition anomaly analysis and fault location diagnosis are as follows:

1) The HDR file is parsed. Analyzing HDR file information of fault recording and protection recording, and extracting information (corresponding to second effective information) such as device name, device model, fault phase, fault distance measurement, protection action, reclosing action, fault voltage, fault current and the like;

2) And (5) calculating the basic electric quantity. Based on fault wave recording and protection wave recording, automatically analyzing and calculating the instantaneous value, effective value and switching value displacement conditions of fault voltage and current waveforms;

3) And (5) collecting anomaly analysis. Based on basic electric quantities such as fault wave recording, protection wave recording voltage, instantaneous value and effective value of current, the method is used for diagnosing and analyzing the abnormal conditions such as voltage and current homologous data inconsistency and secondary loop disconnection, grounding and the like through consistency comparison of (double sets of) fault wave recording and protection wave recording waveforms and voltage and current anomaly analysis;

4) And (5) calculating fault characteristics. Based on the voltage and current basic electric quantity of fault wave recording, calculating fault characteristics such as fault abrupt change, fault phase selection, fault voltage, fault current, transition resistance, fault distance measurement, fault direction and the like;

5) And (5) fault diagnosis. Based on the relevant information in fault wave recording such as the fault characteristics, the switching value deflection and the like, the fault type is analyzed and diagnosed, and fault diagnosis analysis conclusion such as the fault position, the fault phase, the fault property and the like of the power grid is obtained.

Optionally, the protection work analysis module comprises an action rationality judging sub-module, a protection action analysis sub-module and a protection action evaluation sub-module, wherein the action rationality judging sub-module is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and judging the rationality of the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information; the protection action analysis submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and diagnosing abnormality of protection action behaviors based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information; the protection action evaluation submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and performing protection action evaluation based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

Optionally, the extracting protection action information in the associated fault information includes: and extracting protection action information comprising starting time, protection action time, action phase and reclosing action time based on the protection action event information or the protection wave recording HDR file in the associated fault information.

In the embodiment of the invention, the protection action analysis module completes the judgment of the rationality of the protection action, the analysis of the action abnormality and the evaluation of the protection action, and comprises three sub-modules of the judgment of the rationality of the action, the analysis of the protection action and the evaluation of the protection action. The protection action rationality judging submodule judges the rationality of the protection action according to the corresponding relation between the fault type and the protection action based on the acquisition exception analysis, the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection configuration and action logic; the protection action analysis sub-module is combined with the collection of abnormal analysis and fault analysis conclusion to automatically analyze the consistency of double protection actions and abnormal action conditions, and diagnose and analyze the protection action abnormal behavior; the protection action evaluation submodule is combined with the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion, the protection action and other relevant information, and the protection action actions are automatically analyzed according to the protection action principle and characteristics, so that comprehensive evaluation of the actions such as protection action, rapid fault removal, reclosing and the like in the power grid accident is completed.

The specific process of protection action analysis and evaluation is as follows:

1) And (5) analyzing the protection action information. Extracting protection action information such as starting time, protection action time, action phase and reclosing action time based on protection action event information or protection wave recording HDR file;

2) And judging the rationality of the action. Combining the collected exception analysis, fault diagnosis analysis conclusion, protection configuration and action logic, and judging the rationality of the protection action for the double protection action according to the corresponding relation between the fault type and the protection action according to the protection action logic;

3) And (5) protection action analysis. The consistency of the double protection actions and the abnormal action conditions are automatically analyzed by combining the collected abnormal analysis and fault analysis conclusion, and the abnormal protection action behaviors are diagnosed and analyzed;

4) And (5) evaluating the main protection action. According to the collected abnormity and protection action behavior abnormity analysis conclusion, and the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the related information such as protection action and fixed value, according to the fault information such as fault position and fault identity and the main protection action information such as main protection action time and action identity, the action behaviors such as main protection action time and quick cutting are evaluated;

5) And evaluating reclosing actions. Evaluating the protection reclosing action according to a reclosing configuration principle, fault wave recording electric quantity characteristics, reclosing switching value change and protection reclosing action conditions;

6) And (5) evaluating backup protection actions. And evaluating the backup protection action according to the information such as the main protection action condition, the fault disappearance time, the backup protection action condition, the backup protection matching time, the backup protection setting principle and the like.

In the embodiment of the invention, fault diagnosis and protection action analysis can be performed on the dispatching terminal based on the fault information of a plurality of substations. Because a plurality of transformer substation fault information is adopted, the fault positions of line faults and backup protection actions can be accurately positioned. The concrete steps are as follows:

a) For line faults, fault calculation and diagnosis can be carried out according to fault wave recording at two sides of the line, fault positioning is carried out by referring to a pilot protection principle, and the fault line can be accurately positioned;

b) According to the protection action conditions of the two sides of the line, fault diagnosis and protection action analysis can be more accurately carried out;

c) For backup protection, because of the matching relation of the upper and lower devices or lines, analysis and fault positioning cannot be completed by only depending on the wave recording or protection action of one station. The dispatching end can combine the main wiring relation of the power grid, collect fault information and protection action information of related stations and equipment for comprehensive analysis, and further realize accurate analysis and fault positioning of backup protection.

In the embodiment of the invention, fault information collection is the first step of fault analysis, and in order to solve the problem of information matching caused by inconsistent naming of different information sources such as relay protection information, fault wave recording, setting calculation, regulation cloud and the like on the same equipment, the invention provides a method for identifying the same equipment by adopting the same unique code in different information source systems, and matching of the same equipment in different information source systems is realized by the unique code, so that correlation of fault information in different information sources is realized. The specific method is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: and (5) pre-encoding. The method comprises the steps of uniformly coding equipment in a power grid, and providing that the same equipment is subjected to the same unique coding in different systems such as relay protection information, fault wave recording, setting calculation, regulation cloud and the like. Thus, the same device can be identified in different systems by consistency of "unique codes" alone without relying on naming. The method is applicable to new equipment and new systems.

The second method is as follows: post-coding. The system only adopts the unique code, and for the same equipment in different systems which are automatically associated, the unique code is automatically given to the equipment which newly enters the system according to the preset rule; for the same equipment which is not automatically associated, the same unique code is manually assigned, the record is recorded in the system, and the equipment information of the next record can be automatically matched and associated in the system. This method is applicable to existing legacy equipment and legacy systems.

It should be noted that, the "unique code" may also have different names or forms, so long as the same device can be identified in different systems, so as to achieve matching of the associated information.

In the embodiment of the invention, the voltage and the current acquired by fault wave recording and protection wave recording are the electric quantity, the phase and the change characteristics of the protected primary equipment. If the fault record is inconsistent with the protection record or the double protection records, the acquisition link can be generally diagnosed as abnormal, an alarm prompt is given at the moment, the abnormal reason is further analyzed according to the abnormal characteristics, otherwise, the abnormal electric quantity can lead to an erroneous fault diagnosis result or protection action analysis and evaluation conclusion. The acquisition anomaly recognition method provided by the invention can be used as the basis of fault diagnosis analysis, protection action analysis and incorrect action analysis, and is a necessary premise and effective measure for preventing error analysis.

The specific acquisition anomaly identification method comprises the following steps:

a) And (5) consistency comparison. The voltage and the current of the protected equipment (called homology) are recorded in the fault record and the protection record, so that the acquisition abnormality can be identified based on the consistency of the waveforms of the fault record and the protection record. The comparison method of consistency includes instantaneous value comparison of voltage (current) and effective value comparison, and a difference threshold (for example, 10%) can be set, and the difference between the two is larger than the threshold, and the difference is judged as inconsistent.

b) And (5) judging abnormality. For the case of inconsistency found after consistency comparison, it is necessary to determine which voltage (current) or voltages are normal and which voltage (current) or voltages are abnormal. One method is that for a plurality of homologous voltages (currents), the general abnormal quantity is more probable than the normal quantity, and most normal quantities can be considered to be consistent, and the minority quantity is inconsistent with other quantities, and abnormal voltages (currents) are judged based on the method; meanwhile, the abnormal criteria of voltages (currents) such as disconnection, grounding, saturation and the like are combined to analyze each voltage (current) and identify the abnormality, and the acquisition abnormality judgment of the voltages (currents) can be realized by integrating the methods.

The analysis of the acquisition abnormality may be performed as long as the analysis is performed on the same electric quantity, that is, on the same line or on the same transformer from different acquisition devices. For example, two or more sets of protected wave records, two or more sets of fault wave records, protection wave records and the like can be subjected to consistency comparison analysis to realize abnormal acquisition analysis. In addition, the recording is not necessarily needed, and the electric quantity such as real-time voltage, current and the like can be acquired.

In the embodiment of the invention, fault characteristics such as fault abrupt change, fault phase, fault direction and the like are the most fundamental basis for fault positioning and are also the basis for protection actions. The mutation quantity is used for judging faults, and whether faults exist or not can be judged according to the mutation quantity; the failed phase indicates which phase or phases of the three phases failed; the fault direction is used for fault localization, indicating whether the fault is internal or external to the device. In the current fault wave recording analysis, the analysis is generally carried out only according to a single wave recording, and the fault location is mainly carried out by adopting simple fault characteristics such as abrupt quantity or amplitude and the like, so that the problem of insufficient fault diagnosis accuracy exists. The invention provides a fault positioning method based on fault characteristics such as fault abrupt change, fault direction and the like after the acquisition abnormality is removed, and fault phases and fault positions (equipment) can be obtained.

The specific fault positioning method comprises the following steps:

a) And (5) fault discrimination and phase selection. And judging whether a fault exists or not and identifying a fault phase based on a fault mutation method.

b) And (5) fault positioning. Based on wave recording at two ends of a line (wave recording is carried out on each branch of a transformer or a bus), the power direction is calculated by the voltage and the current of a fault phase to be used as the fault direction, if the fault is internal, the power direction is pointed to the inside of the equipment, and if the fault is external, the fault equipment can be accurately positioned.

Other fault judging and positioning methods include methods of calculating differential flow, if internal fault occurs, the differential flow is large, otherwise, the external fault differential flow is small. The differential flow algorithm needs that waveforms on two sides are aligned to the same moment (no good alignment algorithm exists at present), otherwise, the differential flow exists in normal conditions, and erroneous judgment can be caused; while the method employing power direction does not require waveform alignment.

It should be noted that, the fault location may be based on fault characteristics such as fault abrupt change, fault phase, fault direction, and the like, or may be based on other fault characteristics such as fault differential flow, zero sequence current, and the like. Except that the fault direction is simpler to calculate and the two-terminal electrical quantities do not need to be aligned (i.e., synchronized) with respect to the fault differential stream.

In the embodiment of the invention, different fault characteristics correspond to different action behaviors of protection, for example, single-phase tripping and single-phase closing are protected when a single-phase fault occurs; if two or three phases fail, three phase trips do not coincide, and so on. If the protection action behavior does not correspond to the fault characteristic, the protection action abnormality can be diagnosed generally, and prompt should be given at this time and deep analysis and diagnosis should be performed based on the information such as the protection action characteristic, the fixed value and the like, otherwise, erroneous analysis and evaluation conclusion of the protection action may be caused. The invention provides a method for judging the rationality (correctness) of a protection action based on fault characteristics after exception of protection acquisition, which can evaluate the correct action for the protection action according with the fault characteristics, give alarm information for the condition that the protection action is inconsistent (not corresponding) with the fault wave recording characteristics, and further analyze the incorrect action by combining the acquisition exception analysis and the action characteristic analysis.

The specific action rationality judging and analyzing method is as follows:

a) And judging the rationality of the main protection action. For single-phase faults in the circuit, the main protection is subjected to single-phase action, and the action phase is identical to the fault phase; if the phase or three-phase faults occur, the main protection should act in three phases, otherwise, the main protection is abnormal. For the single-phase faults of the line, if the faults still exist after superposition, the main protection should trip by three-phase action. For a transformer or a bus, if the internal fault exists, the main protection should trip in three-phase operation.

b) And judging rationality of reclosing operation. The circuit protection reclosing action judgment can be specifically analyzed according to the reclosing input condition, under the general condition, if the single-phase circuit fails, the single-phase reclosing action should be performed, if the single-phase reclosing action still fails after reclosing, the three-phase reclosing action should be tripped, and the single-phase reclosing action is not reclosed.

c) And judging the rationality of the backup protection action. The rationality judgment of the backup protection action is complex, and the backup protection action needs to be judged by combining multiple conditions such as main wiring of a power grid, configuration setting principles, action time fixed values, fault duration time, whether the main protection acts or not and the like. If the equipment fails, only the cooperation with the main protection is needed to be considered, and if the main protection action and the failure duration time are smaller than the backup protection action time fixed value, the backup protection is in error action; otherwise, the fault duration is greater than the backup protection action time fixed value, and the backup protection is generally the correct action. If the equipment fails externally, the coordination relation between the equipment failure duration of the next stage and the main protection and the backup protection of the next stage is needed to be considered, and if the main protection action or the backup protection action of the next stage is smaller than the backup protection action time fixed value, the backup protection is in misoperation; otherwise, the fault duration is greater than the backup protection action time fixed value, and the backup protection is generally the correct action.

d) And (5) protection action abnormality analysis. For the main protection and the backup protection of abnormal actions or false actions, firstly, analyzing by combining an acquisition abnormality analysis conclusion and action characteristics, and if the acquisition abnormality occurs in the protection, generally, the action abnormality caused by the acquisition abnormality; if no acquisition abnormality exists, the action characteristic and the fixed value are further analyzed and judged according to the protection action characteristic and the protection fixed value to meet the condition.

It should be noted that the fault characteristics on which the present invention is based are, inter alia, the amount of mutation (indicating whether a fault is occurring), the fault phase, the fault direction (indicating an internal or external fault). These fault signatures may also be other signatures, for example, a fault differential stream may more clearly indicate whether a fault is internal or external to the device, while the fault phase may be determined based on the magnitude of the differential stream of different phases.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an online automatic analysis method for power grid faults and protection actions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:

s201: collecting fault related information of a plurality of information source systems on line, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and associating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining associated fault information belonging to the same equipment;

S202: analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collecting module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid;

s203: and extracting protection action information in the related fault information, and judging the rationality of the protection action, diagnosing the abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

The online automatic analysis method for the power grid fault and the protection action of the embodiment of the invention corresponds to the online automatic analysis system for the power grid fault and the protection action of the other embodiment of the invention, and is not repeated herein.

In summary, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:

(1) Realizing the online automatic collection and association matching of fault information

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the same unique code is adopted in different information source systems to identify the same equipment, and the matching of the same equipment in the different information source systems is realized through the unique code, so that the association of fault information in different information sources is realized. The problem of mismatching according to naming caused by inconsistent naming of different information sources on the same equipment is solved, and fault information is automatically collected and matched in an associated mode on line more conveniently.

(2) Realize acquisition anomaly analysis and improve fault diagnosis accuracy

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the fault record of a plurality of substations can be conveniently utilized to analyze at the dispatching end, meanwhile, the comparison analysis of a plurality of kinds of homologous information such as fault record information, protection record information and the like is comprehensively utilized, the acquisition anomaly analysis can be realized, and the error fault diagnosis analysis conclusion is avoided. In addition, by calculating and extracting key fault characteristics such as fault phases, fault directions and the like, the fault diagnosis accuracy can be improved, the problem that the fault diagnosis accuracy is insufficient in the existing analysis method based on single fault recording is solved, and the requirements of scheduling decision and operation, maintenance and overhaul can be fully met.

(3) On-line automatic action analysis and evaluation for realizing protection

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the protection action analysis is performed based on the fault characteristics, the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action rationality, so that the acquisition abnormal condition can be eliminated on one hand, and the error conclusion of the protection action analysis caused by the acquisition abnormal condition is avoided; on the other hand, the rationality analysis of the protection action does not relate to specific protection action characteristics, can obtain an analysis conclusion of whether the protection should act or not and whether the action is correct or not, is suitable for action analysis and evaluation of different types of protection principles or models, and is particularly suitable for realizing online automatic action analysis and evaluation of a large number of different types of protection at a dispatching end.

The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to the form disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.

Claims (9)

1. An on-line automatic analysis system for power grid faults and protection actions, comprising: an information collecting module, a fault diagnosis module and a protection work analysis module which are arranged at a power grid dispatching end are installed and deployed, wherein

The information collection module is used for collecting fault related information of one or more substations on line from a plurality of information source systems, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and correlating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique codes of the equipment, and determining correlated fault information belonging to the same equipment;

the fault diagnosis module is used for analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal, so as to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion comprising the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid;

The protection work analysis module is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information, judging the rationality of the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information, diagnosing the abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action; wherein the method comprises the steps of

The analyzing and diagnosing the fault type based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the power grid fault position, the fault phase and the fault property comprises the following steps:

extracting fault characteristics from the associated fault information based on the electrical quantity information, wherein the fault characteristics comprise fault abrupt change, fault phase selection, fault voltage, fault current, transition resistance, fault distance measurement and fault direction;

based on the electrical quantity information and fault characteristics, analyzing and diagnosing fault types to obtain fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including power grid fault positions, fault phases and fault properties.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of information source systems comprise a relay protection information system, a fault recording system, a setting calculation system and a regulation cloud of a power grid dispatching end, the fault related information comprises a fault recording file, a protection action message, a protection device recording, a protection fixed value and power grid main wiring information, and the first effective information comprises an analog quantity, a switching value, an action event message, a fixed value and a main wiring relation.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the information gathering module comprises an online information gathering sub-module, an information association matching sub-module, wherein

The online information gathering submodule is used for gathering fault related information of one or more substations from a plurality of information source systems online and extracting first effective information in the fault related information;

the information association matching sub-module is used for matching and associating the related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining the association fault information belonging to the same equipment.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the information gathering module further comprises a manual information entry sub-module for information supplementary entry when the information online gathering fails, for manual intervention of association matching when association matching fails.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second effective information includes a device name, a device model number, a fault phase, a fault ranging, a protection action, a reclosing action, a fault voltage, a fault current, and the electrical quantity information includes a fault voltage, an instantaneous value of a current waveform, an effective value, and a displacement condition of a switching quantity.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the fault diagnosis module comprises a fault calculation sub-module, an acquisition anomaly analysis sub-module, a fault localization and diagnosis sub-module, wherein

The fault calculation submodule is used for analyzing the associated fault information and extracting second effective information in the associated fault information;

the acquisition anomaly analysis sub-module is used for calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, and judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collection module on line is anomaly or not according to the electric quantity information;

the fault positioning and diagnosing submodule is used for analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information when the fault related information is not abnormal, and obtaining fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the power grid fault position, the fault phase and the fault property.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the protection effort analysis module comprises an action rationality discrimination sub-module, a protection action analysis sub-module, a protection action evaluation sub-module, wherein

The action rationality judging submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and judging the rationality of the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information;

The protection action analysis submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and diagnosing abnormality of protection action behaviors based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information;

the protection action evaluation submodule is used for extracting protection action information in the associated fault information and performing protection action evaluation based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the extracting protection action information in the associated fault information comprises: and extracting protection action information comprising starting time, protection action time, action phase and reclosing action time based on the protection action event information or the protection wave recording HDR file in the associated fault information.

9. An online automatic analysis method for power grid faults and protection actions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

collecting fault related information of a plurality of information source systems on line, extracting first effective information in the fault related information, matching and associating related information of the same equipment in different information source systems according to the first effective information and the unique code of the equipment, and determining associated fault information belonging to the same equipment;

Analyzing the related fault information, extracting second effective information in the related fault information, calculating electric quantity information of the power grid according to the second effective information, judging whether the fault related information collected by the information collecting module on line is abnormal according to the electric quantity information, and analyzing and diagnosing fault types based on the electric quantity information and the related fault information when the fault related information is determined to be not abnormal to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the fault position, the fault phase and the fault property of the power grid;

extracting protection action information in the associated fault information, and judging rationality of the protection action, diagnosing abnormality of the protection action behavior and evaluating the protection action based on the fault diagnosis analysis conclusion and the protection action information; wherein the method comprises the steps of

The analyzing and diagnosing the fault type based on the electrical quantity information and the associated fault information to obtain a fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including the power grid fault position, the fault phase and the fault property comprises the following steps:

extracting fault characteristics from the associated fault information based on the electrical quantity information, wherein the fault characteristics comprise fault abrupt change, fault phase selection, fault voltage, fault current, transition resistance, fault distance measurement and fault direction;

Based on the electrical quantity information and fault characteristics, analyzing and diagnosing fault types to obtain fault diagnosis analysis conclusion including power grid fault positions, fault phases and fault properties.