CN116410040A - Selenium-enriched cadmium-reducing fertilizer special for alfalfa and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a selenium-enriched cadmium-reducing fertilizer special for alfalfa, which contains Se element, fe element, mn element, zn element, B element, mg element, mo element, co element, S element, chitosan, alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt in a mass ratio of 1:3.9-4.9:21.3-22.3:16.6-17.6:12.1-13.1:12.3-13.3:45.4-46.4:1.7-2.7:40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0:1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the selenium-enriched cadmium-reducing fertilizer special for alfalfa. The invention also relates to application of the selenium-enriched cadmium-reducing fertilizer special for alfalfa. The method has the beneficial effects that the fertilizer containing Se elements is applied to the alfalfa, so that the content of Cd elements in the stems and leaves of the alfalfa can be reduced, the content of Cd elements in poultry fed by the stems and leaves of the alfalfa can be reduced, the accumulation of Cd elements by human bodies can be reduced, the content of Se elements in the alfalfa can be increased, the content of Se elements in poultry fed by the alfalfa can be increased, and the content of Se elements in human bodies can be increased.

Description

A special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

. Plants grown on polluted land, especially alfalfa, will absorb and enrich cadmium in the soil, resulting in a higher content of cadmium in alfalfa. As alfalfa is an important forage and green manure, if animals eat alfalfa with high cadmium content for a long time, it will easily affect the health of animals, and even cause the accumulation of cadmium in the human body due to biomagnification.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a product that can reduce the content of cadmium contained in alfalfa leaves.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa and its preparation method and application method, which solves the problem of alfalfa absorbing and enriching cadmium in the soil when planted on polluted farmland. Elements lead to technical problems with higher content of cadmium element.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted in the present invention include:

In the first aspect, the present invention also provides a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, comprising:

Contains Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, mixture of S element, chitosan, alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt;

The Se element, the Fe element, the Mn element, the Zn element, the B element, the Mg element, the Mo element, the Co element, the S element, the chitosan , The mass ratio of the alkyl polyglycoside to the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1: 3.9-4.9: 21.3-22.3: 16.6-17.6: 12.1-13.1: 12.3-13.3: 45.4-46.4: 1.7-2.7: 40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0:1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8.

According to the invention, said mixture comprises FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, MnSO ₄ .H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, H ₃ BO ₃ , MgSO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ .4H ₂ O , CoSO ₄ .7H ₂ O and Na ₂ SeO ₃ .

In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, comprising the steps of:

S1: adding water after mixing the mixture and the chitosan to obtain formulation A;

S2: adding water after mixing the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, to obtain formulation B;

S3: The formulation A and the formulation B are mixed and then water is added to obtain the formulation C.

According to the present invention, the step S1 also includes:

The Se element, the Fe element, the Mn element, the Zn element, the B element, the Mg element, the Mo element, and the Co element in the chitosan and the mixture And the mass ratio of the S element is 7.0-8.0:1:3.9-4.9:21.3-22.3:16.6-17.6:12.1-13.1:12.3-13.3:45.4-46.4:1.7-2.7:40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0 : 1.5-2.5;

After the mixture and the chitosan are mixed, water is added to make the volume to 1 L.

According to the present invention, said step S2 also includes:

The mass ratio of the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8;

After the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are mixed, water is added and the volume is adjusted to 200ml.

According to the present invention, said step S3 also includes:

The volume of the preparation A is 500 mL, the volume of the preparation B is 100 mL, and the volume of the preparation C is 70-90 times of the total volume of the preparation A and the preparation B.

In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an application of special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, comprising the steps of:

SS1: diluting the preparation C to obtain a stock solution, adding alkyl polyglycosides to the stock solution to obtain a spray solution;

SS2: The spray liquid was sprayed on the foliage of alfalfa.

According to the present invention, said step SS1 also includes:

Dilute the preparation C to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain the stock solution, add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to every 50L of the stock solution to obtain the spray solution;

According to the present invention, said step SS2 also includes:

To the foliage spraying of alfalfa with a plant height of 20cm, the spraying solution was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks.

(3) Beneficial effects

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa proposed by the embodiments of the present invention can increase the antioxidant defense system through the Se element by applying the fertilizer containing Se element to alfalfa, and induce metal in the alfalfa. Under the condition of oxidative stress, the lipid peroxidation is kept at a low level. Due to the reduction of active oxygen accumulation, it plays a role in inhibiting the stress of Cd element, and inhibits the transfer of Cd from the root to the shoot of alfalfa, thereby reducing the growth of the above-ground part, that is, the stem and shoot. The enrichment of Cd in the leaves can reduce the content of Cd in the stems and leaves of alfalfa, which in turn can reduce the content of Cd in poultry fed with the stems and leaves of alfalfa, thereby reducing the human body’s response to Cd after eating poultry. accumulation of elements. At the same time, applying fertilizers containing Se to alfalfa can also increase the content of Se in alfalfa, which in turn can increase the content of Se in poultry fed with alfalfa. These pollutants accumulate in the body and pass down through the food chain. The content in the organism increases with the trophic level of the organism, making certain elements or compounds in the organism The phenomenon that the concentration exceeds the concentration in the environment) increases the content of Se element in the human body, and Se element is one of the necessary components for the body to achieve antioxidant defense, regulate inflammation and produce thyroid hormones. Therefore, increasing the Se element in the human body content to help maintain human health.

Meanwhile, Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, S element, chitosan, alkyl polyglycoside and Chitosan quaternary ammonium salts are all nutrients that help alfalfa grow. Moreover, adding B element to the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa can increase the content of B element in alfalfa leaves, so as to increase the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of alfalfa leaves and increase the chlorophyll content, and can effectively reduce the content of soluble sugar in alfalfa leaves ; Adding Mo element can increase the biomass of alfalfa; Adding Co element can increase the content of protein, crude fat and crude ash in alfalfa; Adding Fe element can help to increase the biomass of alfalfa; element, Mn element, P (phosphorus) element, Se element, Fe element and Mo (molybdenum) element, etc., which are helpful to the absorption of nutrient elements for alfalfa growth; adding Zn element can promote alfalfa's absorption of N (nitrogen ) element, P element and k (potassium) element, and adding Se and Zn elements to the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa at the same time. The absorption ability of K and K elements is better; Co element is added to supplement the content of Co element in alfalfa and solve the problem of the reduction of alfalfa's ability to absorb Co element due to the addition of Zn element.

Simultaneously, the alkyl polyglycoside, chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt in the selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer special for alfalfa of the present application, the alkyl polyglycoside is made from fatty alcohol and glucose, and chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, and chitosan Sugar quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by modifying chitosan, and fatty alcohols, glucose and chitosan are all natural renewable resources, that is to say, alkyl polyglycosides, chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salts are Natural renewable resources or made from natural renewable resources, through alkyl polyglycosides, chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salts to prepare special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizers for alfalfa, can reduce the cost of raw materials and are easy to obtain, thereby reducing the cost of alfalfa The production cost of the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer is relatively high, and it is convenient for popularization and application.

The preparation method of the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa provided by the invention is relatively simple and easy to operate.

The application method of the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa provided by the invention is relatively simple and easy to operate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the bar graph of the content of Se element in the roots, stems and leaves of No. 1 alfalfa which is cultivated by applying the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa and not applying the special-purpose selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa;

Fig. 2 is the bar graph of the content of Cd element in the roots, stems and leaves of Zhonglu No. 1 alfalfa cultivated by applying the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa and not applying the special-purpose selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa;

Fig. 3 is a histogram of the content of Se element in the roots, stems and leaves of grassland No. 3 alfalfa that applies special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizers for alfalfa and does not apply alfalfa-specific selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizers;

Fig. 4 is the bar graph of the content of Cd element in the roots, stems and leaves of grassland No. 3 alfalfa that applies the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa and does not apply the special-purpose selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa;

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa proposed by the embodiments of the present invention includes: containing Se (selenium) element, Fe (iron) element, Mn (manganese) element, Zn (zinc) element, B (boron) element, Mg (magnesium) element, Mo (molybdenum) element, Co (cobalt) element, S (sulfur) element mixture, chitosan, APG (alkyl polyglycoside) and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt.

By applying fertilizer containing Se element to alfalfa, the antioxidant defense system increased by Se element can be used to keep lipid peroxidation at a lower level under metal-induced oxidative stress conditions inside alfalfa. To suppress the effect of Cd element stress, inhibit the transfer of Cd from the root of alfalfa to the shoot, thereby reducing the enrichment of Cd in the shoot and leaves of the alfalfa, and achieve the effect of reducing the content of Cd in the stem and leaves of alfalfa, Furthermore, it can reduce the content of Cd element in livestock that feed on the stems and leaves of alfalfa, thereby reducing the accumulation of Cd element in the human body after eating livestock. At the same time, applying fertilizer containing Se element to alfalfa can also increase the content of Se element in alfalfa, and then can increase the content of Se element in the livestock that feed on alfalfa, and use biomagnification (biomagnification refers to the same food chain. High-trophic-level organisms, by devouring low-trophic-level organisms to enrich certain elements or refractory substances, so that their concentration in the body increases with the increase in trophic progression) increases the content of Se in the human body, and Se Se element is one of the necessary components for the body to achieve antioxidant defense, regulate inflammation, and produce thyroid hormones. Therefore, increasing the content of Se element in the body can help maintain human health.

Meanwhile, Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, S element, chitosan, alkyl polyglycoside and Chitosan quaternary ammonium salts are all nutrients that help alfalfa grow. Moreover, adding B element to the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa can increase the content of B element in alfalfa leaves, so as to increase the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of alfalfa leaves and increase the chlorophyll content, and can effectively reduce the content of soluble sugar in alfalfa leaves ; Adding Mo element can increase the biomass of alfalfa; Adding Co element can increase the content of protein, crude fat and crude ash in alfalfa; Adding Fe element can help to increase the biomass of alfalfa; element, Mn element, P (phosphorus) element, Se element, Fe element and Mo (molybdenum) element, etc., which are helpful to the absorption of nutrient elements for alfalfa growth; adding Zn element can promote alfalfa's absorption of N (nitrogen ) element, P element and k (potassium) element, and adding Se and Zn elements to the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa at the same time. The absorption ability of K and K elements is better; Co element is added to supplement the content of Co element in alfalfa and solve the problem of the reduction of alfalfa's ability to absorb Co element due to the addition of Zn element.

Simultaneously, the alkyl polyglycoside in the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present application is made of fatty alcohol and glucose, chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is made by modifying chitosan, and fatty alcohol , glucose and chitosan are all natural renewable resources, that is to say, alkyl polyglycosides, chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salts are all natural renewable resources or are made from natural renewable resources. Polyglycosides, chitosan and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are used to prepare selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizers for alfalfa, which can reduce the cost of raw materials and are easy to obtain, thereby reducing the production cost of alfalfa-specific selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizers, and the yield is high, which is convenient for industrialization mass production.

Specifically, according to the comparison and analysis of multiple experimental data, Se elements, Fe elements, Mn elements, Zn elements, B elements, Mg elements, Mo elements, Co elements, S elements, chitosan, alkyl polyglycosides and The mass ratio of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is set to 1:3.9-4.9:21.3-22.3:16.6-17.6:12.1-13.1:12.3-13.3:45.4-46.4:1.7-2.7:40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0: 1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8. The specific ratio of selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa can reduce the absorption of Cd by alfalfa and increase the content of Se in alfalfa. Moreover, the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa can provide the trace element content required in the growth process of alfalfa, and can ensure that the waxy layer of the alfalfa leaf surface will not be damaged when sprayed on the alfalfa leaves.

Specifically, the mixture includes FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, MnSO ₄ .H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, H ₃ BO ₃ , MgSO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ .4H ₂ O, CoSO ₄ • 7H ₂ O and Na ₂ SeO ₃ .

Further, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, as shown in Figure 5, comprising the following steps:

S1: Mix the mixture containing Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, S element with chitosan and add water to obtain preparation A;

S2: Alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are mixed and water is added to obtain preparation B;

S3: Preparation A and preparation B are mixed and water is added to obtain preparation C.

It can be seen from the above that the preparation method of the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa of the present application is relatively simple and easy to operate.

Specifically, step S1 also includes:

The mass ratio of Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element and S element in chitosan and the mixture is 7.0-8.0:1:3.9-4.9:21.3-22.3 :16.6-17.6:12.1-13.1:12.3-13.3:45.4-46.4:1.7-2.7:40.2-41.2;

After mixing the mixture and chitosan, add water to make up to 1L.

Specifically, step S2 also includes:

The mass ratio of alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8;

Alkyl polyglycosides and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are mixed and then added with water to make the volume to 200ml.

Specifically, step S3 also includes:

The volume of preparation A is 500mL, the volume of preparation B is 100mL, and the volume of preparation C is 500mL of preparation A and preparation B of 100mL. After mixing, add water to make up to 70-90 times of the total volume.

Specifically, the water in steps S1-S3 is deionized water, distilled water or other unpolluted water.

Specifically, in step S1, a volumetric flask is used to store the mixture and chitosan, and in step S2, a volumetric flask is used to store the alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The purpose of adopting a volumetric bottle is to facilitate the observation of the volume of the contained liquid.

Specifically, in steps S1-S3, water is added at a constant volume to more accurately ensure the concentration of alfalfa-specific selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizers.

For better explanation, following is the specific embodiment of the preparation method of the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present application:

Example 1

Including the following steps:

S1.1: Mix chitosan with the mixture, wherein, the mass ratio of Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element and S element in the chitosan and mixture 7.5:1:4.5:21.8:17.1:12.6:12.8:45.9:2.2:40.7, after mixing, add water to 1L to obtain formulation A;

S1.2: Mix the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to the mass ratio of 2.0:0.7, add water to make the volume to 200ml, and obtain the preparation B;

S1.3: Mix 500 mL of preparation A and 100 mL of preparation B, add water to make up to 80 times the total volume after mixing, and obtain preparation C.

Example 2

Including the following steps:

S2.1: Mix chitosan with the mixture, wherein, the mass ratio of Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element and S element in the chitosan and mixture 7.0:1:4.0:21.5:16.5:12.1:12.3:45.5:1.8:40.3, after mixing, add water to 1L to obtain formulation A;

S2.2: Mix the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to the mass ratio of 1.5:0.8, add water to make the volume to 200ml, and obtain the preparation B;

S2.3: Mix 500 mL of preparation A and 100 mL of preparation B, add water to make up to 90 times the total volume after mixing, and obtain preparation C.

Example 3

Including the following steps:

S3.1: Mix chitosan with the mixture, wherein, the mass ratio of Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element and S element in the chitosan and mixture It is 8.0:1:4.8:22.2:17.5:13.0:13.2:46.3:2.6:41.0, after mixing, add water to dilute to 1L to obtain formulation A;

S3.2: Mix the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt according to the mass ratio of 2.5:0.7, add water to make the volume to 200ml, and obtain the preparation B;

S3.3: Mix 500 mL of preparation A and 100 mL of preparation B, add water to make up to 70 times the total volume after mixing, and obtain preparation C.

Further, the present invention also provides the application of a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, comprising the following steps:

SS1: Dilute formulation C to obtain a stock solution, add alkyl polyglycosides to the stock solution to obtain a spray solution;

SS2: The spray solution was applied to the foliage of alfalfa.

Spray alfalfa-specific selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizers on the leaves of alfalfa to enrich Se in the leaves and stems of alfalfa, so that when livestock eat the leaves and stems of alfalfa as forage, the leaves and stems of alfalfa will be exclusively used for alfalfa. The Se element provided by the selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer can be absorbed by livestock for effective utilization. Therefore, the application sprays alfalfa special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer on the leaves of alfalfa during the application process so that the Se element can be effectively utilized.

Specifically, step SS1 also includes:

Dilute the formulation C to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain a stock solution, and add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to each 50L stock solution to obtain a spray solution.

Specifically, step SS2 also includes:

Be the foliage spraying liquid of the alfalfa of 20cm to plant height, spray once a week, spray continuously for three weeks.

Among them, the alkyl polyglycoside is a kind of surfactant, which can protect the leaves of alfalfa from the corrosion of metal elements in the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizer for alfalfa.

It can be seen from the above that the application method of the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present application is relatively simple and easy to operate.

For a better explanation, the following is the embodiment of the application of the special selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present application:

Example 4

Including the following steps:

SS1.1: Dilute the preparation C in Example S1 to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain a stock solution, add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to each 50L stock solution to obtain a spray solution;

SS1.2: Spray the spray liquid on the foliage of alfalfa with a plant height of 20 cm, spray once a week, and spray continuously for three weeks.

Example 5

Including the following steps:

SS2.1: Dilute the preparation C in Example S1 to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain a stock solution, add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to each 50L stock solution to obtain a spray solution;

SS2.2: Spray the spray liquid on the foliage of alfalfa with a plant height of 20 cm, spray once a week, and spray continuously for three weeks.

Example 6

Including the following steps:

SS3.1: Dilute the preparation C in Example S1 to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain a stock solution, add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to each 50L stock solution to obtain a spray solution;

SS3.2: Spray the spray liquid on the foliage of alfalfa with a plant height of 20 cm, spray for three consecutive weeks, and spray once a week.

Specifically, for the experiment of Zhonglu No. 1 alfalfa in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings, except that the fertilizer applied in the control group experiment did not add Se element, the proportion of other ingredients and the application method were all the same as the alfalfa special-purpose fertilizer of the present application. Selenium-enriched and cadmium-reduced fertilizers are the same.

Aiming at the experimental situation of Zhongmi No. 1 alfalfa, it can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings that compared with the alfalfa obtained in the control group, the preparation methods of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were used to obtain The special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa corresponds to the Cd element content in the roots, stems and leaves of the alfalfa cultivated according to the application conditions of Example 4, Example 5 and Example 6, and the content of Se element is greatly reduced. In addition, the content and increase of the Se element in the leaves of alfalfa were much higher than those in the roots and stems, indicating that spraying alfalfa-specific selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizers on the foliage of alfalfa can effectively improve the selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as a whole, especially alfalfa. The absorption of Se element by leaves can be improved by Se element, and the ability to inhibit the absorption of Cd element can be improved. Simultaneously, the content of Se element in the alfalfa in the alfalfa special-purpose selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer that is applied to the preparation method of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 obtained decreases successively, and the content of Cd element increases successively, that is to say, The proportioning of Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, S element of the alfalfa special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer obtained by spraying the preparation method of Example 1 is better, for alfalfa The effect of enriching selenium and reducing cadmium is the best.

Aiming at the experimental situation of Grassland No. 3 alfalfa, as can be seen from Figure 3 and Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, compared with the alfalfa obtained in the control group, the alfalfa obtained by the preparation methods of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 was used respectively. The special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa corresponds to the content of the Cd element in the root, stem and blade of the alfalfa obtained under the application conditions of embodiment 4, embodiment 5 and embodiment 6. The preparation method of Example 2 and the application conditions of Example 5 correspond to the content of Cd element in the stem of alfalfa which is greater than that of the control group) and the Se content is greatly increased, and the content and increase of the Se element in the leaves of alfalfa Both were much higher than those in the roots and stems, indicating that spraying alfalfa-specific selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizers on the leaves of alfalfa can effectively improve the absorption of Se element by the whole alfalfa, especially the leaves of alfalfa, and can improve the absorption of Se element through Se element. Inhibition ability of Cd element absorption. And the reason that "the content of Cd element in the stem of the alfalfa obtained corresponding to the preparation method of Example 2 and the application conditions of Example 5 is greater than that of the control group" is because: some studies have shown that a small amount of Zn element and Mg element, It will inhibit the absorption of Cd by alfalfa. It should be noted that Zn element and Cd element, Mn element and Cd element all have an interaction relationship, and completely opposite results may appear under different nutrient environment conditions.

Simultaneously, the content of Se element in the alfalfa that applies the special-purpose selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa obtained according to the preparation method of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 reduces successively, and the content of Cd element is comparatively average, and wherein, corresponding to applying The alfalfa special-purpose selenium-enriching and cadmium-reducing fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of Example 1 has the lowest Cd element content in the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa, and has the best effect on selenium-enriching and cadmium-reducing for alfalfa. Through comparative analysis of experimental data for many times, it is concluded that "Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co The combination of "element and S element" is better.

It should be noted that the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present invention is characterized in that while increasing the Se element content in alfalfa, it can greatly reduce its absorption of Cd element. The research idea that the applicant obtains the proportioning of the above-mentioned optimal embodiment is: first, take the proportioning of the foliar fertilizer of wheat, rice and sun-dried mushroom as prototype, but because the difference of alfalfa and rice, wheat or sun-dried mushroom is bigger, must Make a big improvement; secondly, introduce the ratio of other cadmium-reducing fertilizers as a reference value; thirdly, study and analyze the influence of each element on alfalfa, and obtain the analysis table of the influence of each element on alfalfa; finally, combine The data in the above three processes were analyzed several times. Finally, the optimal proportioning scheme of the present invention is obtained. The above research ideas also reflect that the research and development process of the ratio of elements in the special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa of the present invention is not obtained by limited experiments.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (9)

1. a special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa, characterized in that, comprising: Contains Se element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element, B element, Mg element, Mo element, Co element, mixture of S element, chitosan, alkyl polyglycoside and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt; The Se element, the Fe element, the Mn element, the Zn element, the B element, the Mg element, the Mo element, the Co element, the S element, the chitosan , The mass ratio of the alkyl polyglycoside to the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1: 3.9-4.9: 21.3-22.3: 16.6-17.6: 12.1-13.1: 12.3-13.3: 45.4-46.4: 1.7-2.7: 40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0:1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8. 2. the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, The mixture includes FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, MnSO ₄ .H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, H ₃ BO ₃ , MgSO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ .4H ₂ O, CoSO ₄ . 7H ₂ O and Na ₂ SeO ₃ . 3. the preparation method of the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as described in any one of claim 1-2, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1: adding water after mixing the mixture and the chitosan to obtain formulation A; S2: adding water after mixing the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, to obtain formulation B; S3: The formulation A and the formulation B are mixed and then water is added to obtain the formulation C. 4. the preparation method of special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described step S1 also comprises: The chitosan, the Se element in the mixture, the Fe element, the Mn element, the Zn element, the B element, the Mg element, the Mo element, the Co element The mass ratio to the S element is 7.0-8.0:1:3.9-4.9:21.3-22.3:16.6-17.6:12.1-13.1:12.3-13.3:45.4-46.4:1.7-2.7:40.2-41.2:7.0-8.0 :1.5-2.5; After the mixture and the chitosan are mixed, water is added to make the volume to 1 L. 5. the preparation method of special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described step S2 also comprises: The mass ratio of the alkyl polyglycoside to the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1.5-2.5:0.7-0.8; After the alkyl polyglycoside and the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt are mixed, the volume is adjusted to 200ml with water. 6. the preparation method of special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described step S3 also comprises: The volume of the preparation A is 500 mL, the volume of the preparation B is 100 mL, and the volume of the preparation C is 70-90 times of the total volume of the preparation A and the preparation B. 7. an application of the special-purpose selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as described in any one of claim 3-6, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: SS1: diluting the preparation C to obtain a stock solution, adding alkyl polyglycosides to the stock solution to obtain a spray solution; SS2: The spray liquid was sprayed on the foliage of alfalfa. 8. the application of special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, Said step SS1 also includes: Dilute the preparation C to 750kg·hm ^-2 to obtain the stock solution, add 4g of alkyl polyglycosides to every 50L of the stock solution to obtain the spray solution. 9. the application of special selenium-enriched and cadmium-reducing fertilizer for alfalfa as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, Said step SS2 also includes: To the foliage spraying of alfalfa with a plant height of 20cm, the spraying solution was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks.

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