CN116392857A - Sample collection method and device - Google Patents
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- CN116392857A CN116392857A CN202310676376.3A CN202310676376A CN116392857A CN 116392857 A CN116392857 A CN 116392857A CN 202310676376 A CN202310676376 A CN 202310676376A CN 116392857 A CN116392857 A CN 116392857A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0217—Separation of non-miscible liquids by centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/08—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration
- B01D17/085—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration with membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/12—Auxiliary equipment particularly adapted for use with liquid-separating apparatus, e.g. control circuits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a sample collection method and device. The sample collection method comprises the steps of controlling a centrifugal container to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container is communicated with the first liquid storage container through a filter; the liquid ring includes a first sample layer and a second sample layer; the first sample layer is positioned on one side of the second sample layer away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container; extracting sample liquid in the centrifugal container from the first sample layer to the second sample layer in sequence, and enabling the sample liquid to flow to the first liquid storage container through the filter; and when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the sample collection is completed. According to the invention, the critical point of the first sample in the sample liquid after the collection is judged by detecting the pressure in the connecting pipeline, so that the purity of the first sample collected in the first liquid storage container is ensured, and the collection rate of the first sample in the sample liquid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a sample collection method and device.
Background
The plasma contains solute plasma protein and is responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of plasma colloid; a blood buffer system is formed to participate in maintaining the acid-base balance of blood; transport of nutritional and metabolic substances, plasma proteins are hydrocolloids to which many poorly water-soluble substances are bound to become readily water-soluble. The collection of plasma, all referred to as single collection of plasma, refers to a process in which human whole blood is physically separated from the plasma and the remaining components are returned to the plasma donor.
The sample collection device is widely applied to a single blood plasma collecting station, a blood center or medical application at present, and has the functions of separating blood components according to different densities of the blood components to obtain high-quality plasma, ensuring that other components of the blood are not damaged and safely returned to a plasma donator. The quality of the collected blood plasma can be affected if the blood cells are mixed, air is forbidden to enter the blood when the blood cells are returned, air embolism is prevented from being formed at a blood vessel stenosis part, a blood circulation path is blocked, shock is caused, and in the process of collection and return transfusion, if the rotating speed of a blood pump is too high, discomfort of a plasma donor can be caused due to the fact that negative pressure and positive pressure generated to a human body are too high.
In the prior art, the sample collection device cannot accurately determine the critical point of the collected sample in the blood, so that the sample collection rate in the blood is low, and the risk of red blood cells being fused into the blood plasma is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem that a sample collection device in the prior art cannot accurately judge the critical point of the collected sample in blood, the sample collection method and device are provided.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sample collection method, including:
controlling a centrifugal container to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container is communicated with the first liquid storage container through a filter; the liquid ring includes a first sample layer and a second sample layer; the first sample layer is positioned on one side of the second sample layer away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container;
extracting sample liquid in the centrifugal container from the first sample layer to the second sample layer in sequence, and flowing the sample liquid to the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the sample collection is completed.
Optionally, the drawing the sample fluid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer includes:
and executing a collecting operation, pushing the first sample layer and the second sample layer to the liquid outlet through a pushing component in the centrifugal container, and discharging the first sample layer and the second sample layer into the first liquid storage container through the filter.
Optionally, the pumping the sample fluid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer further comprises:
performing a collection operation to drain the sample liquid in the first sample layer, which is covered on the liquid outlet, into the first liquid storage container through the filter; the liquid outlet is arranged below the centrifugal container;
and reducing the preset rotating speed to enable the inner ring liquid level of the liquid ring to incline, and further discharging the residual sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet to the first liquid storage container through the filter.
Optionally, the step of reducing the preset rotation speed includes:
when detecting that the gas flows through the connecting pipeline by a bubble sensor arranged on the connecting pipeline, confirming that the collecting operation is finished, and carrying out grading speed reduction on the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container.
Optionally, the step-down of the preset rotation speed of the centrifugal container further includes:
acquiring the total volume of the sample liquid, and determining the speed reduction times according to the total volume; each time of speed reduction corresponds to a speed reduction value;
executing the speed reducing operation of the speed reducing times on the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container; the speed reducing operation includes: and determining the current rotating speed and the current speed reduction times of the centrifugal container, and reducing the current rotating speed according to a reduction speed value corresponding to the current speed reduction times.
Optionally, after the step of reducing the preset rotation speed, the method further includes:
detecting the air pressure in the connecting pipeline through a pressure sensor arranged on the connecting pipeline, and judging whether the air pressure is greater than or equal to a preset pressure;
when the air pressure is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, the fact that all the sample liquid in the first sample layer enters the first liquid storage container through the filter is confirmed, the sample liquid in the second sample layer is discharged from the liquid outlet, sample collection is confirmed to be completed, and the centrifugal container is controlled to stop rotating.
The invention also provides a sample collection device, which comprises a connecting pipeline, a filter, a centrifugal container and a first liquid storage container; the centrifugal container is provided with an inner space for containing sample liquid and a liquid outlet communicated with the inner space, the connecting pipeline is communicated between the liquid outlet and the filter, and the filter is arranged in the connecting pipeline; the sample collection device further comprises a controller coupled to the centrifuge vessel, the controller configured to:
Controlling a centrifugal container to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container is communicated with the liquid storage container through a filter; the liquid ring includes a first sample layer and a second sample layer; the first sample layer is positioned on one side of the second sample layer away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container;
extracting sample liquid in the centrifugal container from the first sample layer to the second sample layer in sequence, and flowing the sample liquid to the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the sample collection is completed.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to:
the drawing the sample fluid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer comprises:
and executing a collecting operation, pushing the first sample layer and the second sample layer to the liquid outlet through a pushing component in the centrifugal container, and discharging the first sample layer and the second sample layer into the first liquid storage container through the filter.
Optionally, the pumping the sample fluid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer further comprises:
Performing a collection operation to drain the sample liquid in the first sample layer, which is covered on the liquid outlet, into the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and reducing the preset rotating speed to enable the inner ring liquid level of the liquid ring to incline, and further discharging the residual sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet to the first liquid storage container through the filter.
Optionally, the sample collection device further comprises a power pump mounted in the connecting line, the power pump being connected to the controller;
the controller is also used for inputting the sample liquid in the inner space into the first liquid storage container through the connecting pipeline.
Optionally, the sample collection device further comprises a second reservoir for storing a sample fluid, the second reservoir being in communication with the interior space via the powered pump.
Optionally, the sample collection device comprises a plurality of branches connected in parallel on the connecting pipeline, the sample collection device comprises a plurality of sample collection devices, and at least one filter is installed on each branch.
In the invention, the rotating speed of the centrifugal container is reduced, so that a first sample layer (plasma layer) and a second sample layer (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell layer) of a sample liquid (blood) in the centrifugal container are layered, and the first sample layer (plasma layer) is discharged into a first liquid storage container through a filter; the centrifuge vessel will also be doped with a second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the first sample layer (plasma layer) discharged at a reduced rotational speed, the filter will intercept the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the connecting line, the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) will clog the filter as the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the filter increases, the centrifuge vessel will also continue to deliver the first sample (plasma) into the connecting line, and the air pressure in the connecting line will increase; and when the pressure sensor and the like detect that the pressure in the connecting pipe is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the first liquid storage container finishes collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid. According to the invention, the critical point of the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid (blood) is judged by detecting the pressure in the connecting pipeline, so that the purity of the first sample (plasma) collected in the first liquid storage container is ensured, and the collection rate of the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid (blood) is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sample collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sample collection device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of the first and second sample layers in the centrifuge vessel after deceleration of the centrifuge vessel, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. a connecting pipeline; 2. a filter; 3. centrifuging the container; 31. a first sample layer; 32. a second sample layer; 4. a first reservoir; 5. a bubble sensor; 6. a pressure sensor; 7. a power pump; 8. and a second liquid storage container.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It is to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "middle", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a sample collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s100, controlling the centrifugal container 3 to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container 3 to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3 to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container 3 is communicated with the first liquid storage container 4 through the filter 2; the liquid ring comprises a first sample layer 31 and a second sample layer 32; the first sample layer 31 is located on the side of the second sample layer 32 remote from the inner wall of the centrifugation container 3.
It is to be understood that the sample liquid includes, but is not limited to, blood, etc., the sample liquid is input into the centrifugal container 3, the centrifugal container 3 is preferably symmetrical, the sample liquid can be acted on by centrifugal force by rotating about the central axis of the centrifugal container 3, the preset rotation speed can be set according to the requirement, the preset rotation speed is preferably 2000-3500rpm, and if the sample liquid is blood, the blood contains plasma and red blood cells; since the densities of the blood plasma and the red blood cells are different, the red blood cells cling to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3 and form a red blood cell layer under the centrifugal force action of the centrifugal container 3, the blood plasma also forms a blood plasma layer under the centrifugal force action, the blood plasma layer is far away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, the liquid ring comprises a first sample layer 31 and a second sample layer 32, the second sample layer 32 can be a red blood cell layer cling to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, and the first sample layer 31 can be a blood plasma layer far away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3.
S200, in the order from the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32, the sample liquid in the centrifuge vessel 3 is pumped to the first liquid storage vessel 4 through the filter.
It will be appreciated that the sample liquid in the first sample layer 31 in the centrifuge vessel may be pumped into the first liquid storage vessel by a power device such as a power pump, and the solution in the centrifuge vessel is fed into the first liquid storage vessel, the sample liquid needs to pass through a filter, the filter 2 may pass a first sample (plasma) having a smaller volume and block a second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) having a larger volume, and the pore size of the filtering membrane of the filter 2 may be between the average diameter of the main component of the first sample and the average diameter of the main component of the second sample, preferably, the pore size of the filtering membrane is 1um. The sequence from the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32 refers to that the first sample layer 31 is extracted first in the process of extracting the sample liquid, and the second sample layer 32 is extracted after the first sample layer 31 is nearly extracted, and the second sample layer 32 is extracted after the first sample layer 31 is extracted, which occurs when the transition phase of extracting the second sample layer 32 is started. The first sample layer 31 is submerged in the liquid outlet, the first sample can be preferentially extracted from the liquid outlet, the liquid outlet can be arranged above or below the centrifugal container 3, further, the liquid outlet is arranged below the centrifugal container 3, after the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container 3 is extracted at a high centrifugal speed, the lower part of the second sample layer 32 is inclined downwards along with the reduction of the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal container 3, the bottom of the second sample layer 32 covers the liquid outlet, so that a small amount of sample liquid in the second sample layer 32 can be extracted into the first liquid storage container, and the gradient of the inclination of the bottom of the second sample layer 32 is reduced as the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal container 3 is smaller. In the centrifugation container 3, a large amount of the second sample liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) is integrated above the second sample layer 32, and a large amount of the first sample liquid (plasma) and a small amount of the second sample liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) are integrated below the second sample layer 32.
In another embodiment, the centrifugal container 3 is a piston-type centrifugal cavity, the liquid outlet is arranged above the centrifugal container 3, the peripheral shape of the liquid outlet is conical and is arranged at the conical tip, the piston and the conical shape can be matched, after the centrifugal container is centrifuged, the piston in the piston-type centrifugal cavity can push the first sample to be discharged from the liquid outlet, after the first sample is nearly pushed by the piston (conical piston), the first sample and the second sample can be discharged from the extraction port along with the pushing of the piston, the first sample can be pushed out continuously, and the proportion between the second sample and the first sample can be increased continuously.
And S300, confirming that sample collection is completed when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline 1 between the centrifugal container 3 and the filter 2 is larger than or equal to a preset pressure.
It will be appreciated that the centrifugation container 3 is rotated at a high speed, the first sample layer 31 containing the first sample (plasma) and the second sample layer 32 containing the second sample (red blood cells); after a number of deceleration of the centrifuge vessel 3, the sample fluid of the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 discharged from the centrifuge vessel 3 at a reduced rotational speed will contain a first sample (plasma) and a second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and the filter 2 will intercept the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the connecting line 1 due to the larger volume of the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and the first sample (plasma) will pass through the filter 2 into the first reservoir 4; as the second sample (red blood cells) in the filter 2 increases, the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) will clog the filter 2, and the centrifuge vessel 3 continues to deliver the first sample (plasma) and the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) into the connecting line 1, so that the air pressure in the connecting line 1 increases; when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure, it is confirmed that the first liquid container 4 has completed collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid. And the preset pressure can be designed according to actual requirements.
In the present invention, by decreasing the rotational speed of the centrifuge vessel 3, the sample liquid (blood) in the centrifuge vessel 3 is caused to present a layered first sample layer 31 and second sample layer 32, the sample liquid in the first sample layer 31 being discharged into the first liquid storage vessel 4 through the filter 2; the sample liquid discharged from the centrifugal container 3 at a lower rotating speed contains a first sample and a second sample, the filter 2 intercepts the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the connecting pipeline 1, and the first sample (plasma) in the connecting pipeline 1 enters the first liquid storage container 4 through the filter 2; as the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the filter 2 increases, the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) will clog the filter 2, and the centrifuge vessel 3 continues to deliver sample liquid into the connecting line 1, so that the air pressure in the connecting line 1 will increase; when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure, it is confirmed that the first liquid container 4 has completed collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid. In the invention, the critical point of the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid (blood) is judged by detecting the pressure in the connecting pipeline 1, so that the purity of the first sample (plasma) collected in the first liquid storage container 4 is ensured, and the collection rate of the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid (blood) is improved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sample collection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid outlet of a centrifugal container 3 is sequentially connected to a first liquid storage container 4 through a pressure sensor 6 and a filter 2, the liquid outlet of the centrifugal container 3 is connected to the filter 2 through a connecting pipeline 1, the pressure sensor 6 is installed on the connecting pipeline 1 between the centrifugal container 3 and the filter 2, and the filter 2 is also connected to the first liquid storage container 4 through the connecting pipeline 1. Specifically, in the process of the centrifugal container 3 driving the sample liquid (blood) therein to rotate, due to the different densities of the components in the sample liquid (blood), the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) with higher density will be clung to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3 to form a second sample layer 32, and the first sample (plasma) with lower density will be clung to the inner wall of the second sample layer 32; because the positions of the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 in the centrifugal container 3 are different, the first sample layer 31 covered on the liquid outlet is preferentially drawn into the first liquid storage container 4; when the rotation speed of the centrifugal container 3 is reduced, the lower ends of the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 are inclined towards the central position of the centrifugal container 3, and the inclined first sample layer 31 and/or the inclined second sample layer 32 also cover the liquid outlet, but as the first sample layer 31 is closer to the liquid outlet, the inner first sample layer 31 is preferentially drawn into the first liquid storage container 4 along with the reduction of the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal container 3; when the centrifugation speed of the centrifugation container 3 is reduced to a preset low speed, the second sample layer 32 in the centrifugation container 3 also covers the liquid outlet, so that part of the second sample layer 32 in the centrifugation container 3 is also pumped into the first liquid storage container 4; however, since the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the second sample layer 32 has a large volume, the filter 2 will block the second sample (i.e., the second sample layer 32 will clog the filter 2), so that the pressure in the connecting line 1 between the centrifuge vessel 3 and the filter 2 will increase, and when the pressure sensor 6 or the like detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 between the centrifuge vessel 3 and the filter 2 is equal to or higher than the preset pressure, it is confirmed that the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid is completely collected by the first liquid storage vessel 4.
In an embodiment, the drawing the sample fluid from the centrifugation container through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32 includes:
a collection operation is performed, the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 are pushed to the liquid outlet by pushing means in the centrifuge vessel 3, and discharged into the first liquid storage vessel 4 through the filter 2. It is understood that the pushing component includes, but is not limited to, a piston, a plunger, etc., and is mounted at the bottom of the centrifugal container 3 and can move up and down in the centrifugal container 3, and the pushing component can drive the sample liquid (including the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32) in the centrifugal container 3 to move up, at this time, the liquid outlet is disposed above the centrifugal container 3, the pushing component is tapered, and the tip of the pushing component is aligned with the liquid outlet, because the liquid outlet of the centrifugal container 3 is disposed at the center position, and the second sample layer 32 is close to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, the first sample layer 31 is close to the liquid outlet, so that under the pushing of the pushing component, the first sample in the first sample layer 31 is output into the connecting pipeline 1 through the liquid outlet first; it should be noted that, after the first sample is pushed by the pushing member, the first sample and the second sample will be discharged from the extracting port along with the pushing of the pushing member, the first sample will be pushed continuously, the ratio between the second sample and the first sample will be increased continuously, but the filter 2 will intercept the second sample (red blood cells) with larger volume in the connecting line. In this embodiment, the pushing component is used to drive the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container to be output to the connecting pipeline through the liquid outlet above, and the quality of the sample above the first sample layer 31 is better, so that the quality of the first sample collected by the first liquid storage container is improved.
In an embodiment, the drawing the sample fluid from the centrifugation container through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32 includes:
performing a collection operation to cause the sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet in the first sample layer 31 to be discharged into the first liquid reservoir 4 through the filter 2; the liquid outlet is arranged below the centrifugal container 3; it will be appreciated that the liquid outlet is disposed at a position of the centrifuge vessel 3 near the rotation axis thereof, and the first sample layer 31 is disposed above the liquid outlet, and the negative pressure in the connecting line will convey the sample liquid in the first sample layer 31 to the first liquid storage vessel 4.
The preset rotating speed is reduced, so that the inner ring liquid level of the liquid ring is inclined, and then the residual sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet is discharged to the first liquid storage container 4 through the filter 2; it will be appreciated that the centrifuge vessel 3 is capable of drawing only the first sample layer 31 above the liquid outlet into the first reservoir under high speed centrifugation, but that a portion of the first sample layer 31 is not drawn within the centrifuge vessel 3. After each time the centrifugal container 3 is slowed down, the centrifugal container 3 drives the remaining sample liquid therein to rotate, the remaining sample liquid also forms a first sample layer 31 (plasma layer) and a second sample layer 32 (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell layer), the cross section of the upper end of the sample liquid is larger than that of the lower end, the second sample layer 32 is attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, the first sample layer 31 is attached to the second sample layer 32, the lower part of the first sample layer 31 on the inner side is inclined downwards and then covers the upper part of the liquid outlet, and then the step S200 is repeated, so that the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container 3 is discharged into the connecting pipeline 1. After the centrifugation speed of the centrifugation container 3 is reduced to a preset low value, the lower end of the second sample layer 32 is inclined to cover the liquid outlet, so that the sample liquid drawn out from the centrifugation container 3 also contains the liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the first sample layer 31.
In an embodiment, the step of reducing the preset rotation speed includes:
when the gas flowing through the connecting pipeline 1 is detected by the bubble sensor 5 arranged on the connecting pipeline 1, the completion of the collecting operation is confirmed, and the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container 3 is stepped down. It will be appreciated that, in the process of carrying out step-by-step deceleration on the centrifugal container 3, each time the centrifugal container 3 conveys the first sample layer 31 therein to the first reservoir 4, when the centrifugal container 3 discharges the first sample layer 31 therein, an air layer is formed above the liquid outlet, so that air in the centrifugal container 3 is discharged into the connecting pipeline 1, when the air bubble sensor 5 detects that the connecting pipeline 1 has air bubbles, the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container 3 and the discharge are finished, the centrifugal container 3 stops rotating, the rotating speed of the centrifugal container 3 is reduced, and then step S100 and step S200 are carried out until the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting pipeline 1 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, thereby avoiding that air in the centrifugal container 3 enters into the first reservoir 4, and improving the purity of the first (plasma) collected by the first reservoir 4.
In an embodiment, the step of reducing the preset rotation speed of the centrifugal container 3 in steps (i.e. step S301) further includes:
acquiring the total volume of the sample liquid (blood), and determining the speed reduction times according to the total volume; each time of speed reduction corresponds to a speed reduction value; as will be appreciated, since more sample fluid (blood) may be stored in the centrifuge vessel 3, and less sample fluid may be stored, the number of times that centrifugation is required may be determined based on the total volume of sample fluid (blood) in the centrifuge vessel 3; the more the sample liquid volume in the centrifuge vessel 3, the more the number of times of centrifugation is correspondingly increased.
Performing a deceleration operation of the deceleration number on a preset rotational speed of the centrifuge vessel 3; the speed reducing operation includes: determining the current rotating speed and the current speed reduction times of the centrifugal container 3, and reducing the current rotating speed according to a reduction speed value corresponding to the current speed reduction times. It can be appreciated that, when the bubble sensor 5 detects that the connecting pipeline 1 has bubbles during the separation process of the centrifugal container 3 at the current rotation speed, the rotation speed of the centrifugal container 3 is reduced. In this embodiment, the sample collection method may determine the centrifugation times of the sample liquid by the centrifugation container 3, and each time a deceleration value is required for deceleration, so that the centrifugation container 3 may automatically obtain the current rotation speed and the total times of centrifugation, thereby improving the automation degree of the sample collection method.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, after the step of reducing the preset rotation speed, the method further includes:
detecting the air pressure in the connecting pipeline 1 through a pressure sensor 6 arranged on the connecting pipeline 1, and judging whether the air pressure is greater than or equal to a preset pressure; it will be appreciated that the second sample cannot pass through the filter 2 and will block the holes in the filter 2, and the preset pressure can be designed according to actual requirements and can be set as a pipeline pressure value when the filter is totally blocked; when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the air pressure in the connecting line 1 is less than a preset pressure, the centrifugation container 3 further continues to perform the centrifugation of the sample liquid, and the sample liquid (plasma) is drawn from the centrifugation container 3 into the first reservoir 4.
When the air pressure is equal to or higher than the preset pressure, it is confirmed that the sample liquid (plasma) in the first sample layer 31 has all passed through the filter 2 into the first reservoir 4, and the sample liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the second sample layer 32 is discharged from the liquid outlet and blocks the filter 2, it is confirmed that sample collection is completed, and the centrifuge vessel 3 is controlled to stop rotating. It will be appreciated that as the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the filter 2 increases, the second sample will clog the filter 2, the pressure in the filter 2 will increase, and when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, it indicates that the first reservoir 4 has completed collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample fluid (blood).
As shown in fig. 2, another embodiment of the present invention further provides a sample collection device, which includes a connecting tube 1, a filter 2, a centrifuge container 3, and a first liquid storage container 4; the centrifugal container 3 is provided with an inner space for containing sample liquid and a liquid outlet communicated with the inner space, the connecting pipeline 1 is communicated between the liquid outlet and the filter 2, and the filter 2 is arranged in the connecting pipeline 1; it will be appreciated that the liquid outlet is disposed at the bottom of the inner space, and a preset distance exists between the liquid outlet and the edge of the inner wall of the inner space, so that the first sample in the first sample layer 31 can be preferentially discharged, and the liquid outlet is communicated with the first liquid storage container 4 through the filter 2.
The sample collection device further comprises a controller connected to the centrifuge vessel 3, the controller being configured to:
s100, controlling the centrifugal container 3 to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container 3 to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3 to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container 3 is communicated with the liquid storage container through the filter 2; the liquid ring comprises a first sample layer 31 and a second sample layer 32; the first sample layer 31 is positioned on the side of the second sample layer 32 away from the inner wall of the centrifugation container 3; it is to be understood that the sample liquid includes, but is not limited to, blood, etc., the sample liquid is input into the centrifugal container 3, the centrifugal container 3 is preferably symmetrical, the sample liquid can be acted on by centrifugal force by rotating about the central axis of the centrifugal container 3, the preset rotation speed can be set according to the requirement, the preset rotation speed is preferably 2000-3500rpm, and if the sample liquid is blood, the blood contains plasma and red blood cells; since the densities of the blood plasma and the red blood cells are different, the red blood cells cling to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3 and form a red blood cell layer under the centrifugal force action of the centrifugal container 3, the blood plasma also forms a blood plasma layer under the centrifugal force action, the blood plasma layer is far away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, the liquid ring comprises a first sample layer 31 and a second sample layer 32, the second sample layer 32 can be a red blood cell layer cling to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, and the first sample layer 31 can be a blood plasma layer far away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3.
S200, extracting the sample liquid in the centrifugal container to flow to the first liquid storage container through the filter according to the sequence from the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32; it will be appreciated that the sample liquid in the first sample layer 31 in the centrifuge vessel may be pumped into the first liquid storage vessel by a power device such as a power pump, and the solution in the centrifuge vessel is fed into the first liquid storage vessel, the sample liquid needs to pass through a filter, the filter 2 may pass a first sample (plasma) having a smaller volume and block a second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) having a larger volume, and the pore size of the filtering membrane of the filter 2 may be between the average diameter of the main component of the first sample and the average diameter of the main component of the second sample, preferably, the pore size of the filtering membrane is 1um. The sequence from the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32 refers to that the first sample layer 31 is extracted first in the process of extracting the sample liquid, and the second sample layer 32 is extracted after the first sample layer 31 is nearly extracted, and the second sample layer 32 is extracted after the first sample layer 31 is extracted, which occurs when the transition phase of extracting the second sample layer 32 is started. The first sample layer 31 is submerged in the liquid outlet, the first sample can be preferentially extracted from the liquid outlet, the liquid outlet can be arranged above or below the centrifugal container 3, further, the liquid outlet is arranged below the centrifugal container 3, after the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container 3 is extracted at a high centrifugal speed, the lower part of the second sample layer 32 is inclined downwards along with the reduction of the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal container 3, the bottom of the second sample layer 32 covers the liquid outlet, so that a small amount of sample liquid in the second sample layer 32 can be extracted into the first liquid storage container, and the gradient of the inclination of the bottom of the second sample layer 32 is reduced as the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal container 3 is smaller. In the centrifugation container 3, a large amount of the second sample liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) is integrated above the second sample layer 32, and a large amount of the first sample liquid (plasma) and a small amount of the second sample liquid (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) are integrated below the second sample layer 32.
In another embodiment, the centrifugal container 3 is a piston-type centrifugal cavity, the liquid outlet is arranged above the centrifugal container 3, the peripheral shape of the liquid outlet is conical and is arranged at the conical tip, the piston and the conical shape can be matched, after the centrifugal container is centrifuged, the piston in the piston-type centrifugal cavity can push the first sample to be discharged from the liquid outlet, after the first sample is nearly pushed by the piston (conical piston), the first sample and the second sample can be discharged from the extraction port along with the pushing of the piston, the first sample can be pushed out continuously, and the proportion between the second sample and the first sample can be increased continuously.
And S300, confirming that sample collection is completed when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is larger than or equal to the preset pressure. It will be appreciated that the centrifuge vessel 3 rotates at high speed, the first sample layer 31 containing the first sample (plasma) and the second sample layer 32 containing the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells); after a number of deceleration of the centrifuge vessel 3, the sample fluid of the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 discharged from the centrifuge vessel 3 at a reduced rotational speed will contain a first sample (plasma) and a second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and the filter 2 will intercept the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the connecting line 1 due to the larger volume of the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and the first sample (plasma) will pass through the filter 2 into the first reservoir 4; as the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the filter 2 increases, the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) will clog the filter 2, and the centrifuge vessel 3 continues to deliver the first sample (plasma) and the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) into the connecting line 1, so that the air pressure in the connecting line 1 increases; when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure, it is confirmed that the first liquid container 4 has completed collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample liquid. And the preset pressure can be designed according to actual requirements.
In the invention, the sample collection device has simple structure and low manufacturing cost.
In an embodiment, the controller is further configured to:
the drawing the sample liquid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer 31 to the second sample layer 32 includes:
a collection operation is performed, the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32 are pushed to the liquid outlet by pushing means in the centrifuge vessel 3, and discharged into the first liquid storage vessel 4 through the filter 2. It is understood that the pushing component includes, but is not limited to, a piston, a plunger, etc., and is mounted at the bottom of the centrifugal container 3 and can move up and down in the centrifugal container 3, and the pushing component can drive the sample liquid (including the first sample layer 31 and the second sample layer 32) in the centrifugal container 3 to move up, at this time, the liquid outlet is disposed above the centrifugal container 3, the pushing component is tapered, and the tip of the pushing component is aligned with the liquid outlet, because the liquid outlet of the centrifugal container 3 is disposed at the center position, and the second sample layer 32 is close to the inner wall of the centrifugal container 3, the first sample layer 31 is close to the liquid outlet, so that under the pushing of the pushing component, the first sample in the first sample layer 31 is output into the connecting pipeline 1 through the liquid outlet first; it should be noted that, after the first sample is pushed by the pushing member, the first sample and the second sample will be discharged from the extracting port along with the pushing of the pushing member, the first sample will be pushed continuously, the ratio between the second sample and the first sample will be increased continuously, but the filter 2 will intercept the second sample (red blood cells) with larger volume in the connecting line. In this embodiment, the pushing component is used to drive the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container to be output to the connecting pipeline through the liquid outlet above, and the quality of the sample above the first sample layer 31 is better, so that the quality of the first sample collected by the first liquid storage container is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sample collection device further comprises a bubble sensor 5 mounted on the connection pipe 1, wherein the bubble sensor 5 is connected to the controller and is used for detecting whether the gas flows through the connection pipe 1; as can be appreciated, the bubble sensor 5 is arranged in the connecting line 1 between the centrifuge vessel 3 and the filter 2; the bubble sensor 5 can detect whether there is a bubble in the connecting line 1 in real time, and determine that the liquid flows when there is no bubble.
The controller is further configured to: when the bubble sensor 5 detects that the gas flows through the connecting pipeline 1, the completion of the collecting operation is confirmed, and the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container 3 is stepped down. It will be appreciated that, in the process of carrying out step-by-step deceleration on the centrifugal container 3, each time the centrifugal container 3 conveys the first sample layer 31 therein to the first reservoir 4, when the centrifugal container 3 discharges the first sample layer 31 therein, an air layer is formed above the liquid outlet, so that air in the centrifugal container 3 is discharged into the connecting pipeline 1, when the air bubble sensor 5 detects that the connecting pipeline 1 has air bubbles, the first sample layer 31 in the centrifugal container 3 and the discharge are finished, the centrifugal container 3 stops rotating, the rotating speed of the centrifugal container 3 is reduced, and then step S100 and step S200 are carried out until the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting pipeline 1 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, thereby avoiding that air in the centrifugal container 3 enters into the first reservoir 4, and improving the purity of the first (plasma) collected by the first reservoir 4.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the sample collection device further comprises a pressure sensor 6 mounted on the connecting line 1, wherein the pressure sensor 6 is connected to the controller and is used for detecting the air pressure in the connecting line 1; it will be appreciated that the pressure sensor 6 is mounted in the connecting line 1 between the centrifuge vessel 3 and the bubble sensor 5, but also in the connecting line 1 where the bubble sensor 5 is mounted between the filters 2.
The controller is further configured to:
detecting the air pressure in the connecting pipeline 1 through a pressure sensor 6 arranged on the connecting pipeline 1, and judging whether the air pressure is greater than or equal to a preset pressure; it will be appreciated that the second sample cannot pass through the filter 2 and will block the holes in the filter 2, and the preset pressure can be designed according to actual requirements and can be set as a pipeline pressure value when the filter is totally blocked; when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the air pressure in the connecting line 1 is less than a preset pressure, the centrifugation container 3 further continues to perform the centrifugation of the sample liquid, and the sample liquid (plasma) is drawn from the centrifugation container 3 into the first reservoir 4.
When the air pressure is equal to or higher than the preset pressure, it is confirmed that all of the sample liquid in the first sample layer 31 has passed through the filter 2 into the first liquid storage container 4, and the sample liquid in the second sample layer 32 is discharged from the liquid outlet and blocks the filter 2, it is confirmed that sample collection is completed, and the centrifuge container 3 is controlled to stop rotating. It will be appreciated that as the second sample (red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the filter 2 increases, the second sample will clog the filter 2, the pressure in the filter 2 will increase, and when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure in the connecting line 1 is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, it indicates that the first reservoir 4 has completed collecting the first sample (plasma) in the sample fluid (blood).
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sample collection device further comprises a power pump 7 installed in the connection pipeline 1, wherein the power pump 7 is connected with the controller; it will be appreciated that the power pump 7 includes, but is not limited to, peristaltic pumps and the like.
The controller is also used for inputting the sample liquid in the inner space into the first liquid storage container 4 through the connecting pipeline 1. It will be appreciated that the power pump 7 may power the drawing of sample fluid from the centrifuge vessel 3 into the first reservoir 4.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sample collection device further comprises a second reservoir 8 for storing a sample fluid, the second reservoir 8 being in communication with the interior space via the power pump 7. It will be appreciated that the second reservoir 8 stores the original sample fluid, and the sample fluid in the second reservoir 8 may be pumped into the inner space of the centrifuge vessel 3 by the power pump 7, so that the centrifuge vessel 3 may perform a centrifugation process on the sample fluid in the inner space. Further, the sample liquid in the second liquid storage container 8 may be pumped into the internal space of the centrifugal container 3 by the power pump 7 for multiple times, so that the centrifugal container 3 may separate the sample liquid with a smaller volume in the internal space, thereby further improving the collection rate of the sample collection device on the first sample in the sample liquid.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sample collection device includes a plurality of branches connected in parallel to the connecting pipeline 1, and the sample collection device includes a plurality of sample collection devices, where at least one filter 2 is mounted on each branch. It will be appreciated that the liquid in the connecting line 1 flows into the first reservoir 4 after being filtered by the filters 2 on the plurality of branches connected in parallel. In this embodiment, the design of the plurality of filters 2 makes the filter holes on the filters 2 smaller, and the inner diameter of the connecting pipeline 1 can be made larger, so that the filtering effect of the filters 2 on the sample liquid is ensured, and the processing efficiency of the sample collecting device on the sample liquid is improved.
The above embodiments of the sample collection method and the sample collection apparatus of the present invention are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention, such that any modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method of sample collection, comprising:
controlling a centrifugal container to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container is communicated with the first liquid storage container through a filter; the liquid ring includes a first sample layer and a second sample layer; the first sample layer is positioned on one side of the second sample layer away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container;
extracting sample liquid in the centrifugal container from the first sample layer to the second sample layer in sequence, and flowing the sample liquid to the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the sample collection is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the drawing sample fluid from the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer comprises:
And executing a collecting operation, pushing the first sample layer and the second sample layer to a liquid outlet of the centrifugal container through a pushing component in the centrifugal container, and discharging the first sample layer and the second sample layer into the first liquid storage container through the filter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drawing sample fluid from the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer further comprises:
performing a collection operation to drain the sample liquid in the first sample layer, which is covered on the liquid outlet, into the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and reducing the preset rotating speed to enable the inner ring liquid level of the liquid ring to incline, and further discharging the residual sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet to the first liquid storage container through the filter.
4. A sample collection method according to claim 3, wherein said decelerating said predetermined rotational speed comprises:
when detecting that the gas flows through the connecting pipeline by a bubble sensor arranged on the connecting pipeline, confirming that the collecting operation is finished, and carrying out grading speed reduction on the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step-down the preset rotational speed of the centrifuge vessel further comprises:
acquiring the total volume of the sample liquid, and determining the speed reduction times according to the total volume; each time of speed reduction corresponds to a speed reduction value;
executing the speed reducing operation of the speed reducing times on the preset rotating speed of the centrifugal container; the speed reducing operation includes: and determining the current rotating speed and the current speed reduction times of the centrifugal container, and reducing the current rotating speed according to a reduction speed value corresponding to the current speed reduction times.
6. The sample collection method according to claim 3, wherein after the step of decelerating the preset rotational speed, further comprising:
detecting the air pressure in the connecting pipeline through a pressure sensor arranged on the connecting pipeline, and judging whether the air pressure is greater than or equal to a preset pressure;
when the air pressure is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, the fact that all the sample liquid in the first sample layer enters the first liquid storage container through the filter is confirmed, the sample liquid in the second sample layer is discharged from the liquid outlet and blocks the filter, the fact that sample collection is completed is confirmed, and the centrifugal container is controlled to stop rotating is confirmed.
7. The sample collecting device is characterized by comprising a connecting pipeline, a filter, a centrifugal container and a first liquid storage container; the centrifugal container is provided with an inner space for containing sample liquid and a liquid outlet communicated with the inner space, the connecting pipeline is communicated between the liquid outlet and the filter, and the filter is arranged in the connecting pipeline; the sample collection device further comprises a controller coupled to the centrifuge vessel, the controller configured to:
controlling a centrifugal container to rotate at a preset rotating speed, and driving sample liquid in the centrifugal container to be attached to the inner wall of the centrifugal container to form a liquid ring; the centrifugal container is communicated with the liquid storage container through a filter; the liquid ring includes a first sample layer and a second sample layer; the first sample layer is positioned on one side of the second sample layer away from the inner wall of the centrifugal container;
extracting sample liquid in the centrifugal container from the first sample layer to the second sample layer in sequence, and flowing the sample liquid to the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and when the air pressure in the connecting pipeline between the centrifugal container and the filter is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, confirming that the sample collection is completed.
8. The sample collection device of claim 7, wherein the controller is further configured to:
the drawing the sample fluid in the centrifuge vessel through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer comprises:
and executing a collecting operation, pushing the first sample layer and the second sample layer to the liquid outlet through a pushing component in the centrifugal container, and discharging the first sample layer and the second sample layer into the first liquid storage container through the filter.
9. The sample collection device of claim 7, wherein the drawing of sample fluid from the centrifugation container through the filter to the first reservoir in the order of the first sample layer to the second sample layer further comprises:
performing a collection operation to drain the sample liquid in the first sample layer, which is covered on the liquid outlet, into the first liquid storage container through the filter;
and reducing the preset rotating speed to enable the inner ring liquid level of the liquid ring to incline, and further discharging the residual sample liquid covered on the liquid outlet to the first liquid storage container through the filter.
10. The sample collection device of claim 7, further comprising a power pump mounted in the connecting line, the power pump being connected to the controller;
the controller is also used for inputting the sample liquid in the inner space into the first liquid storage container through the connecting pipeline.
11. The sample collection device of claim 10, further comprising a second reservoir for storing a sample fluid, the second reservoir being in communication with the interior space through the powered pump.
12. The sample collection device of claim 7, wherein the sample collection device comprises a plurality of branches connected in parallel to a plurality of the connecting lines, the sample collection device comprising a plurality of the sample collection devices, each of the branches having at least one of the filters mounted thereon.
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