CN116367995A - 改进的多层多孔膜及其制造方法 - Google Patents
改进的多层多孔膜及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116367995A CN116367995A CN202180054017.3A CN202180054017A CN116367995A CN 116367995 A CN116367995 A CN 116367995A CN 202180054017 A CN202180054017 A CN 202180054017A CN 116367995 A CN116367995 A CN 116367995A
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- polymer
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- microporous film
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Abstract
多层膜,包含至少两个共挤出的层,其中,两个共挤出的层包含不同的聚合物,并且两个共挤出的层中的一个含挤出添加剂。有用的挤出添加剂的例子可以包括成核剂或成孔颗粒。还公开了制造该膜的方法。当共挤出两种不同的聚合物时使用挤出添加剂避免了与涉及不同聚合物的共挤出的工艺相关的一些缺点,特别是其中共挤出的无孔前体随后被拉伸以形成孔的工艺。例如,渗透性较低、难以制成较低的Gurley、开裂等缺点可以得到改善。
Description
领域
本申请总体上涉及包含至少两个具有不同组成的相邻层的多层多孔膜。更具体地,本申请涉及多层膜,其中具有不同组成的两个相邻层是共挤出的层或者是同时加工的层。本文所描述的多层多孔膜可以是微孔的、纳米孔的或大孔的。本文所描述的多层多孔膜可用作电池隔板、织品或过滤器。
本申请总体还涉及用于形成多层膜的改进的方法,该多层膜包含至少两个具有不同组成的相邻层。
背景
两种或更多种不同树脂组合物的共挤出存在一些已知的挑战。例如,共挤出的两种或更多种结晶温度(Tc)相差10℃或更多的树脂组合物存在一些已知的挑战。据信这些已知的挑战源自这样一个事实,即必须选择单一的加工温度,并且通常所选择的温度是有利于大量的树脂组合物被加工的温度。然而,该温度对于加工较不大量的树脂组合物而言并不理想。
由两种或更多种树脂组合物共挤出而形成的产品的一个实例是具有PP/PE/PP结构的共挤出的关闭隔板,其中PP表示主要含聚丙烯(其具有约为165℃的Tc)的层,而PE表示主要含聚乙烯(其具有120℃至135℃左右的Tc)的层。通常,PP/PE/PP结构包含的PP比PE多。因此,这种产品通常在对聚丙烯更有利的温度下被共挤出,这可能会导致一些薄膜缺陷。据信由这些不太理想的加工条件引起的一种此类缺陷是较低的渗透性或难以达到较低的Gurley值。
因此,可能需要一种方法来缓解上述共挤出两种或更多种不同树脂组合物的挑战。
概述
在一个方面,描述了挤出的多层微孔膜。该挤出的多层微孔膜可以包含下列:(1)一个主要包含聚合物A的层,和(2)主要包含聚合物B的相邻层,聚合物B具有比聚合物A的Tc高或低的Tc,并且其还包含挤出添加剂。在一些实施例中,挤出的多层微孔膜可以包含主要含聚合物A的层、主要含聚合物B和挤出添加剂的相邻层、以及与主要含聚合物B的相邻层相邻的层。与主要含聚合物B的层相邻的层可以主要含聚合物A。例如,在一些实施例中,挤出的微孔膜可以具有结构A/B、A/B/A、B/A/B、A/B/B/A、B/A/A/B、A/B/A/B、A/B/A/B/A或其变体。
在一些实施方式中,聚合物B具有这样的Tc,其比聚合物A的Tc低至少10度、至少20度、至少30度或者至少40度。例如,在这样的实施方式中,聚合物A可以包含下列、由或基本上由下列组成:聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。聚合物B可以包含下列、由或基本上由下列组成:聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。
在一些不同的实施方式中,聚合物B具有这样的Tc,其比聚合物A的Tc高至少10度、至少20度、至少30度或者至少40度。例如,在这样的实施方式中,聚合物B可以包含下列、由或基本上由下列组成:聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。聚合物A可以包含下列、由或基本上由下列组成:聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。
例如,在一些实施例中,挤出的微孔膜可包含选自下列的层结构:PP/PE、PP/PE/PP、PE/PP/PPP、PP/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、
PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE、
PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP或者PE/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PP/PE。
如同在上文中所使用的,PP是主要包含下列的层:聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。如同在上文中所使用的,PE是主要包含下列的层:聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者聚合物共混物,其包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物。在一些实施方式中,PE可以是高密度(HD)PE、超高分子量(UHMW)PE、高分子量(HMW)PE或它们的共混物,并且在一些实施方式中,UHMW PE或HMW PE可以与较低分子量的PE共混。
在一些实施方式中,挤出添加剂可以是成核剂和成孔颗粒中的至少一种。成核剂提高或降低聚合物B的Tc。成孔颗粒允许在包含聚合物B的层中形成孔而不使聚合物B结晶;或者,当采用比聚合物B的Tc高或低10度以上的加工温度时,允许在包含聚合物B的层中形成孔。
在一些优选实施方式中,聚合物B中包含的挤出添加剂可以是成核剂,其将聚合物B的Tc提高约5度至约30度、约10度至约25度、约10度至约20度、约10度至约15度或者约5度至约10度。
在一些其他优选实施方式中,挤出添加剂可以是有机成孔颗粒、无机成孔颗粒或组合的有机-无机成孔颗粒,其能够在不使聚合物B结晶的情况下,在包含聚合物B的层中形成孔,或者能够在比聚合物B的Tc高或低10度以上的加工温度下在包含聚合物B的层中形成孔。可以用颗粒拉伸工艺使包含聚合物B和颗粒的层变成多孔的。例如,A.Qaiss等人的《通过双轴拉伸在填充有碳酸钙颗粒的聚烯烃薄膜中形成孔隙度》(应用聚合物科学,第16卷,第6期,2012年3月)公开了一种示例性的颗粒拉伸工艺,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
在一些实施方式中,挤出的多层微孔膜作为流延膜挤出工艺或吹膜挤出工艺的一部分被挤出。在优选实施方式中,膜是共挤出的。共挤出的多层产品不同于通过层合(不是将两个或更多个层一起共挤出)形成的多层产品。例如,共挤出产品的层间粘合力会比层合产品高得多。
挤出的多层微孔薄膜优选为干法工艺膜。
挤出的多层微孔膜可具有狭缝状孔、圆形孔、基本圆形孔、梯形孔和不规则形状孔中的至少一种。
在另一个方面,公开了一种用于形成挤出的微孔膜(特别是如本文所描述的那些膜)的方法。该方法可以包括这样的步骤:将主要含聚合物A的第一聚合物组合物和主要含聚合物B的第二聚合物组合物共挤出,聚合物B具有比聚合物A低的Tc,其中,第二聚合物组合物还包含挤出添加剂。聚合物A、聚合物B和挤出添加剂是如本文所描述的。
该方法可以是流延膜挤出法或吹膜挤出法。该方法优选为干法工艺法,但也可以是湿法(使用溶剂、油或两者)或半湿法(使用少量溶剂、油或两者)。
附图说明
图1是吹膜挤出工艺的示例性吹膜挤出线。
图2是流延膜挤出工艺的示例性流延膜挤出线。
图3是如本文所描述的共挤出薄膜的示意图。
详细说明
本文公开用作或用于电池隔板、织品、过滤器等的改进多孔膜。本文还公开了制造这种膜的方法。
膜
对改进的多孔膜没有太多限制,但优选包含至少两个已被共挤出的相邻的层、由或基本上由至少两个已被共挤出的相邻的层组成。对至少两个相邻的共挤出层的厚度没有太多限制,可以各自在0.1微米至100微米之间变化,并且彼此独立。在一些优选实施方式中,厚度可以在下列范围内变化:0.1微米至50微米、0.1微米至40微米、0.1微米至30微米、0.1微米至25微米、0.1微米至20微米、0.1微米至15微米、0.1微米至10微米或者0.1微米至5微米。多孔膜的厚度可以为约0.5微米至约100微米、约1微米至50微米、约1微米至约40微米、约1微米至约30微米、约1微米至约25微米、约1微米至约20微米、约1微米至约15微米、约1微米至约10微米或者约1微米至约5微米。
在例如WO2018/089748、US10,003,058和US2018/0134024中公开了可以根据本文所公开的发明形成的示例性多孔膜,这些申请通过引用整体并入本文。多孔膜可以是微孔的、纳米孔的或大孔的。至少一个孔的形状可以是狭缝形、圆形、圆的、不对称的或梯形的。在一些优选实施方式中,多孔膜可以是通过干法工艺(比如干法拉伸工艺)形成的多孔膜。干法工艺是一种不涉及使用溶剂或油的工艺。典型的干法工艺可以包括下列、由或基本上由下列组成:挤出步骤、退火步骤和拉伸步骤。在典型的干法工艺中,拉伸步骤用于形成孔,但在一些实施方式中,可以通过使用颗粒来辅助孔的形成。当使用颗粒时,这可以被称为干法颗粒拉伸工艺。在典型的干法拉伸工艺或干法颗粒拉伸工艺中的拉伸步骤可以包括下列、由或基本上由下列组成:在加工方向(MD)上的拉伸、横向(TD)上的拉伸,或者既在MD又在TD上的拉伸。拉伸也可以与MD或TD成一定角度进行。在一些其他实施方式中,多孔膜可以是通过涉及使用油或溶剂的湿法或半湿法工艺形成的膜。
至少两个相邻的共挤出层中的一个可以包含第一聚合物A、由或基本上由第一聚合物A组成,并且两个相邻的共挤出层中的另一个可以包含聚合物B和挤出添加剂、由或基本上由聚合物B和挤出添加剂组成,聚合物B不同于聚合物A。不同可能意味着聚合物B具有不同的熔点、结晶温度(Tc)、粘度、熔体流动指数(MFI)等。挤出添加剂是可以使两个相邻的共挤出层更有利于共挤出的任何组分。例如,如果聚合物A和聚合物B具有不同的结晶温度,则挤出添加剂将有助于减小这种差异。例如,可以将挤出添加剂添加至具有较低Tc的聚合物组分中,来提高具有较低Tc的聚合物组分的结晶温度。这将使两种聚合物的Tc差距最小化,并使两种聚合物更接近于同时结晶。因此,会有更好的取向。在一些其他实施方式中,挤出添加剂可以是成孔颗粒,当将其添加至共挤出层中的一个时,其可以使得采用干法颗粒拉伸工艺在该层中形成孔。该层的结晶将不是在其中形成孔所必需的,并且这些层可以在有利于不含颗粒的层而同时仍能够在包含颗粒的层中形成孔的温度下共挤出。
在本文所述的一个可能优选的实施例中,聚合物B可以是均聚物、共聚物、三元聚合物或两种或更多种不同聚合物的聚合物共混物,其具有比聚合物A的结晶温度(Tc)高或低至少5度、至少10度、至少15度、至少20度、至少25度、至少30度、至少35度、至少40度、至少45度或者至少50度的结晶温度(Tc)。聚合物A也是均聚物、共聚物、三元聚合物或两种或更多种不同均聚物、共聚物、三元聚合物等的聚合物共混物。在这样的实施方式中,挤出添加剂可以是提高或降低聚合物B的结晶温度的化合物,以便使聚合物A和聚合物B之间有较小的结晶温度差异。例如,在聚合物B中没有加入挤出添加剂时,聚合物A和聚合物B之间的结晶温度的差异可能为30度,而加入挤出添加剂后,差异可能小于10度。
在一种可能优选的实施方式中,包含聚合物B和挤出添加剂的层是膜的内层,而不是外层或暴露层。例如,在图3中,中间的膜显示包含聚合物B和挤出添加剂的层作为内层,而不是外层或暴露层。在图3中的另外两个膜中,包含聚合物B的层是外层或暴露层。不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,据信,将挤出添加剂加至内层可能是优选的,因为在外层或暴露层中添加可能会对膜的表面特性产生负面影响,这取决于膜所期望的用途,例如,作为电池隔板;作为带涂层的电池隔板的基底;作为织品;作为医疗用途的纺织材料,比如口罩、长袍、毯子等等;作为过滤器或之类的。例如,在外层中加入成核剂作为挤出添加剂可能会增加摩擦系数,如果膜被用作电池隔板,则这一点尤其不理想。不过,如果膜被用作房屋围挡或屋顶垫层,则摩擦系数的增加可能是一件好事。其可以帮助围挡“抓住”房屋,或在屋顶垫层上提供“胎面(tread)”,以最大程度地减少滑离。
例如,在一种示例性实施方式中,聚合物A可以是聚丙烯的均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物,其具有160-165℃左右的Tc。聚合物A也可以是聚丙烯的均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物与至少一种另外的聚合物的共混物。该共混物可以具有160℃至165℃左右的Tc。这种实施方式中的聚合物B可以是聚乙烯的均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物,其具有120℃至150℃左右或者120℃至135℃左右的Tc。聚合物B也可以是聚乙烯的均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物与至少一种另外的聚合物的共混物。该共混物可以具有120℃至150℃左右或者120℃至135℃左右的Tc。在这种实施方式中,挤出添加剂可以是成核剂,或是另一种化合物,其能够将聚乙烯的Tc提高5至45度、5至40度、5至35度、5至30度、5至25度、5至20度、5至15度或者5至10度。一些适用于聚乙烯的成核剂可以包括由Entec以Milliken以/>或Amfine Chemical(Mitsubishi Corp的一部分)以NA-11出售的那些成核剂。在这种实施方式中,挤出添加剂也可以是无机成孔颗粒、有机成孔颗粒或者组合的无机-有机成孔颗粒。对颗粒的化学组成没有太多限制,只要其可用于帮助干法颗粒拉伸工艺中孔的形成。一些示例性的无机颗粒可以包括下列中的至少一种、由或基本上由下列中的至少一种组成:氧化铝、勃姆石、滑石、硫酸钡、二氧化钛、碳酸钙以及它们的混合物。有机-无机颗粒的一种实例可以是涂覆有无机颗粒的聚合物,比如涂覆有无机颗粒的聚乙烯。对颗粒的尺寸没有太多限制,可以是纳米尺寸或微米尺寸。颗粒的粒度分布可以是窄的或宽的。不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,据信,窄的或受控的孔尺寸分布(粒度分布)会在薄膜中产生一致的孔径,而较宽的粒度分布将在最终孔径中产生更多的随机性。对于安全性是首要考虑的电池隔板来说,更可控的孔径可能是更优选的。由于控制锂枝晶形成和/或生长的能力增加,更小的和更受控的孔径可以产生更安全的电池隔板。然而,在其他应用中,更随机的孔径分布可能更优选。
本文所描述的多孔膜可以被单独用作电池隔板、织品、过滤器等,或者其可以与至少一个另外的薄膜或层组合使用。在一些实施方式中,另外的层可以是设置在多孔膜的一个或两个面上的涂层。对于电池应用,涂层可以是陶瓷涂层、耐热涂层、粘合剂或粘性涂层、关闭涂层、表面改性涂层等。对于过滤器应用,涂层可以是改变膜的亲水性、提供防污能力等的涂层。对于织品应用,涂层可以是影响膜的耐污染性、防水性、强度等的涂层。在一些实施方式中,另外的层可以是织造层、非织造层、另一种多孔膜、织物等。
方法
对本文所描述的方法没有太多限制,但必须至少包括共挤出两种或更多种不同聚合物组合物的步骤、由或基本上由共挤出两种或更多种不同聚合物组合物的步骤组成。聚合物组合物可以包含下列、由或基本上由下列组成:均聚物、共聚物、三元聚合物,或者聚合物共混物。例如,可以将两种不同的均聚物共挤出,可以将均聚物和聚合物共混物共挤出,可以将两种不同的聚合物共混物共挤出,可以将共聚物和三元聚合物共挤出,可以将两种不同的共聚物共挤出,等等。两种或更多种不同的共挤出聚合物组合物中的至少一种可以包含挤出添加剂。在优选实施方式中,将两种或更多种不同聚合物组合物共挤出,形成具有本文如上所描述的组合物的至少两个相邻的层。
在一些实施方式中,该方法将进一步包括退火步骤或拉伸步骤中的至少一种、由或基本上由退火步骤或拉伸步骤中的至少一种组成。拉伸步骤可以包括单向拉伸、双向拉伸或多向拉伸。例如,拉伸可以包括加工方向(MD)拉伸步骤和横向(TD)拉伸步骤、仅MD拉伸步骤等。
在一些优选实施方式中,本文所描述的方法是干法工艺,比如干法拉伸工艺。干法工艺是一种不使用溶剂或油的工艺,但可以使用或不使用颗粒作为成孔助剂,即颗粒成孔。在一些实施方式中,该工艺可以是使用不同量的溶剂或油的湿法或半湿法工艺。
所附权利要求书的组合物和方法的范围不受本文所描述的具体组合物和方法的限制,这些具体组合物和方法意为权利要求书的一些方面的说明,并且,功能上等同的任何组合物和方法均意欲落在权利要求书的范围内。除了本文所示和所描述的那些之外,组合物和方法的各种变化意欲落在所附权利要求书的范围内。此外,虽然仅具体描述了本文所公开内容的特定代表性组合物和方法步骤,但是,即使没有具体列举,组合物和方法步骤的其他组合也意欲落在所附权利要求书的范围内。因此,步骤、元件、组件或成分的组合可以在本文中被明确地或不那么明确地提及,然而,即使未明确说明,步骤、元件、组件和成分的其他组合也被包括在内。当用在本文中时,术语“包含”及其各种变体与术语“包括”及其各种变体同义使用,并且是开放的、非限制性的术语。尽管术语“包含”和“包括”已在本文中用于描述各种实施方式,但术语“基本上由……组成”和“由……组成”可用来代替“包含”和“包括”,以提供本发明更具体的实施方式,并且也被公开。除在实施例中或另有说明外,说明书和权利要求书中使用的所有表示成分数量、反应条件等的数字至少应被理解为根据有效数字的数量和常规舍入方法来解释,并且不是试图将等同原则的应用限制在权利要求书的范围内。
在不背离本发明的精神和基本属性的情况下,本发明可以以其他形式实施,因此,当指示本发明的范围时,应当参考所附权利要求书,而不是前述说明书。公开的是可用于执行所公开的方法和系统的组件。本文中公开了这些组件和其他组件,并且应当理解,当这些组件的组合、子集、相互作用、组等被公开时,虽然可能未明确公开这些组件的每个不同个体和集体组合以及排列的具体参考,对于所有方法和系统,每一个都在本文中被具体考虑和描述。这适用于本申请的所有方面,包括但不限于所公开方法中的步骤。因此,如果存在可被执行的多种额外步骤,则应理解,这些额外步骤中的每一个可以与所公开方法的任何具体实施方式或实施方式的组合一起执行。
前面对结构和方法的书面描述只是为了说明的目的而给出的。实施例用于公开示例性的实施方式,包括最佳模式,并使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明,包括制作和使用任何设备或系统以及执行任何与之结合的方法。这些实施例并非旨在穷举或将本发明限制为所公开的精确步骤和/或形式,并且根据上述教导,可以进行多种修改和变化。可以以任何组合对本文所描述的特征进行组合。可以以物理上可能的任何顺序执行本文所描述方法的步骤。本发明的可专利范围由所附权利要求书限定,并且可以包括本领域的技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这些其他示例具有与权利要求书的字面语言没有区别的结构元素,或者如果它们包括与权利要求书的字面语言没有实质性差异的等同结构元素,则这些其他示例意欲在权利要求书的范围内。
所附权利要求书的组合物和方法的范围不受本文所描述的具体组合物和方法的限制,这些具体组合物和方法意为权利要求书的一些方面的说明。功能上等同的任何组合物和方法意欲落在权利要求书的范围内。除了本文所示和所描述的那些之外,组合物和方法的各种修改意欲落在所附权利要求书的范围内。此外,虽然仅具体描述了本文所公开内容的特定代表性组合物和方法步骤,但是,即使没有具体列举,组合物和方法步骤的其他组合也意欲落在所附权利要求书的范围内。因此,步骤、元件、组件或成分的组合可以在本文中被明确地或不那么明确地提及,然而,即使未明确说明,步骤、元件、组件和成分的其他组合也被包括在内。
当被用在说明书和所附权利要求书中时,除非上下文另有明确规定,单数形式的“a”“an”和“the”包括复数对象。在本文中,范围可以被表示为从“约”或“大约”一个特定值和/或至“约”或“大约”另一个特定值。当表达这样的范围时,另一种实施方式包括从该一个特定值和/或到该另一个特定值。类似地,当通过使用先行词“约”将值表示为近似值时,将理解,特定值形成另一种实施方式。还应当理解,每个范围的两个端点对于另一个端点而言是有意义的,并且独立于另一个端点。“可选的”或“可选地”是指随后描述的事件或情况可能发生或可能不发生,并且该描述包括所述事件或情况发生的情况和不发生的情况。
在本说明书的整个描述和权利要求书中,“包含”一词及其变体,比如“分词形式的包含”和“单数形式的包含”,意味着“包括但不限于”,并且不意欲排除,例如,其他添加剂、成分、整数或者步骤。术语“基本上由……组成”和“由……组成”可以用来代替“包含”和“包括”,以提供本发明的更具体的实施方式并且也被公开。“示例性的”或“例如”意味着“一个……的示例”,并不意欲传达优选或理想实施方式的指示。类似地,“比如”不是用于限制性意义,而是用于解释性或示例性目的。
除非另有说明,说明书和权利要求书中所用的所有表示几何形状、尺寸等的数字至少应被理解为,根据有效数字的数量和常规的舍入方法进行解释,而不是试图将等同原则的应用限制在权利要求书的范围内。
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语与所公开的发明所属领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文引用的出版物和引用它们的材料通过引用具体并入。
另外,本文中示例性公开的发明可以在没有本文未具体公开的任何要素的情况下适当地实施。
实施例
实施例1
在实施例1中,在有利于含PP的层的温度(约240℃-250℃,而不是约210℃-220℃,后者有利于含PE的层)下,将含PP的层和含PE的层共挤出。挤出薄膜后的空气淬火将迫使PP在150℃-160℃结晶。含PE的层含有成核剂,其使该层的结晶温度比典型的120℃-130℃高10度以上。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1类似,不同之处在于,PE是HDPE、UHMW PE、HMW PE或包含UHMWPE和/或HMW PE的共混物。在此实施例中,含PP的层和含PE的层的Tc之间的初始差异(即加入成核剂之前)比实施例1中的小。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1类似,不同之处在于,按PP、PE、PP的顺序,共挤出含PP的层、含PE的层和含PP的层。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1类似,不同之处在于,按PE、PP、PE的顺序,共挤出含PE的层、含PP的层和含PE的层。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例2类似,不同之处在于,按PP、PE、PP的顺序,共挤出含PP的层、含PE的层和含PP的层。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例2类似,不同之处在于,按PE、PP、PE的顺序,共挤出含PE的层、含PP的层和含PE的层。
在实施例1至6中,使用常规的干法拉伸工艺,其中拉伸用于在结构的每一层中形成孔。
实施例7
在实施例7中,在有利于含PP的层的温度下共挤出含PP的层和含PE的层。含PE的层包含无机颗粒,比如硫酸钡或碳酸钙。在层被共挤出之后,拉伸共挤出的层。在含PE的层中,当层被拉伸时,颗粒帮助启动孔形成。在含PP的层中,当层被拉伸时,孔沿着结晶界面形成。颗粒可具有聚合物涂层。
实施例8
实施例8与实施例7类似,不同之处在于,按PP、PE、PP的顺序,共挤出含PP的层、含PE的层和含PP的层。
实施例9
实施例9与实施例7类似,不同之处在于,按PE、PP、PE的顺序,共挤出含PE的层、含PP的层和含PE的层。
实施例10
实施例10与实施例7类似,不同之处在于,将颗粒加至含PP的层,并在有利于含PE的层的温度下共挤出层。
实施例11
实施例11与实施例10类似,不同之处在于,按PP、PE、PP的顺序,共挤出含PP的层、含PE的层和含PP的层。
实施例12
实施例12与实施例11类似,不同之处在于,按PE、PP、PE的顺序,共挤出含PE的层、含PP的层和含PE的层。
在实施例7-12中,通过干法颗粒拉伸工艺形成含有成孔颗粒的层的孔。不含成孔颗粒的层的孔是通过传统的干法拉伸机制形成的。所有的层都被一起挤出并拉伸,但各层中形成孔的机制不同。
Claims (40)
1.一种挤出的多层微孔膜,其包含:
主要含聚合物A的一层;和
主要含聚合物B的相邻层,该聚合物B与聚合物A不同,并且还包含挤出添加剂,其中,
该一层和该相邻层是共挤出的。
2.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B具有与聚合物A的Tc相差10度或更多的Tc。
3.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B具有与聚合物A的Tc相差20度或更多的Tc。
4.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B具有与聚合物A的Tc相差30度或更多的Tc。
5.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B具有与聚合物A的Tc相差40度或更多的Tc。
6.如权利要求所述1的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述聚合物B具有比所述聚合物A的Tc低10度或更多的Tc。
7.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物A是聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者是包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物。
8.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B是聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者是包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物。
9.如权利要求7所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,聚合物B是聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物;或者是包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是使聚合物A的Tc升高或降低约5度至约30度的成核剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是使聚合物A的Tc升高或降低约10度至约25度的成核剂。
12.如权利要求10所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是使聚合物A的Tc升高或降低约10度至约20度的成核剂。
13.如权利要求10所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是使聚合物A的Tc升高约10度至约15度的成核剂。
14.如权利要求10所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是使聚合物A的Tc升高或降低约5度至约10度的成核剂。
15.如权利要求1或7至9中任一项所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其具有下列:
主要含聚合物A的所述一层;
主要含聚合物B和挤出添加剂的所述相邻层,所述聚合物B与聚合物A不同;以及
主要包含聚合物B和挤出添加剂的所述相邻层相邻的另一层,所述另一层本身主要含聚合物A。
16.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述膜作为流延薄膜挤出工艺的一部分被挤出。
17.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述膜作为吹膜挤出工艺的一部分被挤出。
18.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述膜是干法工艺膜。
19.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述膜的孔为狭缝状、圆形、基本圆形、梯形和不规则形状中的至少一种。
20.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述孔为狭缝状。
21.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述孔为圆形或基本圆形。
22.如权利要求1所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,所述孔为梯形状。
23.如权利要求1所述的挤出的微孔膜,其中,所述孔为不规则或不对称形状。
24.如权利要求1所述的挤出的微孔膜,其包括选自下列的层结构:PP/PE、PP/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、
PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PP/PE/PP/PP、PP/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP或PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP;PP/PP/PP/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP或PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP;PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP或
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP,其中,
PP是主要含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的层;或者是包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物;
PE是主要包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的层;或者是包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物;
每种结构中的至少一个PE包含挤出添加剂;其中,
具有挤出添加剂的所述至少一个PE是与至少一个PP共挤出的。
25.如权利要求1所述的挤出的微孔膜,其包括选自下列的层结构:PP/PE、PP/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、
PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PP/PE/PP/PP、PP/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP、PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP或PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP;PP/PP/PP/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP或PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP;PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP、
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP或
PP/PP/PP/PP/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PE/PP/PP/PP/PP,其中,
PP是主要含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的层;或者是包含聚丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物;
PE是主要含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的层;或者是包含聚乙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元聚合物的聚合物共混物;
每种结构中的至少一种PP包含挤出添加剂;并且其中,
具有挤出添加剂的所述至少一种PP是与至少一个PE共挤出的。
26.如权利要求24或25所述的多孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是选自下列的成孔颗粒:有机成孔颗粒、无机成孔颗粒、和有机-无机成孔颗粒。
27.如权利要求26所述的多孔膜,其中,所述成孔颗粒是无机成孔颗粒。
28.如权利要求27所述的多孔膜,其中,所述无机成孔颗粒包括碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氧化镁、滑石、以及它们的组合。
29.如权利要求26所述的多孔膜,其中,所述成孔颗粒是有机成孔颗粒。
30.如权利要求26所述的多孔膜,其中,所述成孔颗粒是有机-无机成孔颗粒。
31.如权利要求30所述的多孔膜,其中,所述有机-无机颗粒是聚合物涂覆的颗粒,其中,所述颗粒包含碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氧化镁、滑石、以及它们的组合。
32.如权利要求26所述的多孔膜,其中,所述成孔颗粒具有10纳米至1微米的平均粒径。
33.一种形成微孔膜的方法,其包括:
将至少第一聚合物组合物和第二不同的聚合物组合物共挤出,其中,第二聚合物组合物还包含挤出添加剂,以形成至少两个层的无孔前体。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中,所述挤出添加剂是成核剂。
35.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中,所述挤出添加剂是成孔颗粒。
36.如权利要求34所述的方法,进一步包括拉伸无孔前体,以形成孔。
37.如权利要求35所述的方法,进一步包括:拉伸无孔前体,以在不含成孔颗粒的两层无孔前体的层中形成孔。
38.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中,共挤出温度有利于不含挤出添加剂的第一聚合物组合物。
39.一种挤出的多层微孔膜,其包含:
主要含聚丙烯的一层;和
主要含高密度(HD)、高分子量(HMW)或超高分子量(UHMW)聚乙烯和挤出添加剂的相邻层,其中,所述一层和所述相邻层是共挤出的。
40.如权利要求39所述的挤出的多层微孔膜,其中,挤出添加剂是成核剂。
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