CN116307837A - Regional motor vehicle emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies - Google Patents
Regional motor vehicle emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116307837A CN116307837A CN202310096677.9A CN202310096677A CN116307837A CN 116307837 A CN116307837 A CN 116307837A CN 202310096677 A CN202310096677 A CN 202310096677A CN 116307837 A CN116307837 A CN 116307837A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- emission
- motor vehicle
- vehicle
- road
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000018777 Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
- G06Q10/06393—Score-carding, benchmarking or key performance indicator [KPI] analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/21—Design, administration or maintenance of databases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vehicle emission monitoring, and discloses a regional motor vehicle emission assessment method and system based on various monitoring technologies: basic information data and emission data of the motor vehicle are collected, and traffic operation data are collected; establishing a bicycle actual annual average driving mileage database based on basic information data and emission data, and establishing a motor vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions; measuring and calculating the emission based on the vehicle maintenance amount, the actual annual average driving mileage database of the single vehicle and the pollutant vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the motor vehicle under different speed working conditions; obtaining pollutant emissions of a motor vehicle running on a road and networked with a monitoring system; and establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track. The invention can truly evaluate the emission level and the sharing rate characteristics of the motor vehicle in the area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vehicle emission monitoring, and particularly relates to a regional motor vehicle emission evaluation method and system based on various monitoring technologies.
Background
In the establishment of an emission list, key parameters such as vehicle emission factors and annual average driving mileage mainly adopt traditional vehicle-diesel vehicles recommended by China or emission factors corrected by a COPERT or MOVES model, and lack of research methods for localizing key characteristic parameters such as typical specific vehicle types (such as subdivision fields of taxis, buses and the like), fuel power types (especially natural gas fuel, hybrid power technology and the like), actual road emission factors, annual average driving mileage data of different types of vehicles and the like, so that the characteristics of vehicle emission levels and sharing rates in areas cannot be evaluated truly, therefore, the characteristic parameters such as vehicle emission factors and the like need to be obtained by adopting a scientific actual road vehicle emission test method and a working condition construction method reflecting actual road characteristics.
Therefore, providing a regional motor vehicle emission assessment method and system based on various monitoring technologies, so as to obtain characteristic parameters such as motor vehicle emission factors by adopting a scientific actual road motor vehicle emission test method and a working condition construction method reflecting actual road characteristics, is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a regional motor vehicle emission assessment method and system based on various monitoring technologies.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a regional automotive emissions assessment method based on a plurality of monitoring techniques, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, basic information data of a motor vehicle are collected;
step 2, collecting emission data of the motor vehicle;
step 3, collecting traffic operation data;
step 4, establishing a vehicle actual annual average driving mileage database based on basic information data and emission data, and establishing a vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions;
step 5, measuring and calculating the emission based on the vehicle holding quantity, the actual annual average driving mileage database of the single vehicle and the pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the vehicle under different speed working conditions;
step 6, obtaining pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is connected with the monitoring system in a networking way;
and 7, establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
Specifically, step 1 specifically includes:
step 11, acquiring basic information data, namely acquiring basic information data of the motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle periodic environment protection detection module, wherein the basic information data comprises acquisition date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, registration date, time for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, driving mileage for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, time for nth periodic environment protection detection and accumulated mileage for nth periodic environment protection detection;
step 12, arranging the basic information data according to a unified format, and marking records which are not compounded with the requirements through preliminary quality control;
step 13, dividing the motor vehicles into 8 types of vehicles, namely minibuses, medium buses, large buses, minivans, light vans, medium vans and heavy vans, according to the weight and the purpose of the motor vehicles;
specifically, step 2 includes:
step 21, collecting emission data, namely collecting emission data of the motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle emission remote monitoring module, wherein the emission data comprise collection date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, vehicle running time, speed, vehicle longitude and latitude, altitude and second-by-second emission amount of pollutants, wherein the pollutants comprise CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 22, arranging the emission data according to a unified format, and marking records which are not compounded with the requirements through preliminary quality control;
step 23, dividing fuel types, wherein the fuel types comprise 3 fuel types of gasoline, diesel and natural gas;
step 24, dividing the emission phases, wherein the emission phases comprise national zero emission phases, national first emission phases, national second emission phases, national third emission phases, national fourth emission phases, national fifth emission phases and national sixth emission phases.
Specifically, step 3 includes the steps of:
step 31, acquiring traffic operation data by using a road motor vehicle traffic flow module, wherein the traffic operation data comprises roads in a regional traffic network, traffic road network maps in the regional traffic network and electronic fences;
step 32, road type matching is carried out, wherein the road types are divided into a main road and a secondary main road, and the road type matching work is completed in a GIS system;
and step 33, respectively acquiring the data flow of the main road and the secondary road in different time periods.
Specifically, the step of establishing a database of actual annual average driving mileage of the bicycle comprises the following steps:
step 411, obtaining vehicle age data by using a time difference between a registered date of the vehicle and a date of a last periodic environmental protection detection:
wherein id is the vehicle number, n id Is used for the service life of the vehicle,D id,reg in order to register the date of registration,D id,ins the date of the latest periodical environment-friendly detection;
step 412, calculating the average driving mileage by using the accumulated mileage and the vehicle age data of the last periodic environment protection detection of the motor vehicle:
wherein,,VKT id for the purpose of annual average driving mileage,AVKT id to accumulate mileage.
And 413, sorting and classifying the calculation results of the step 1 and the step 2 of each motor vehicle, and establishing a database of actual annual average driving mileage of the motor vehicle.
Specifically, the establishment of the pollutant vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the motor vehicle under different speed working conditions comprises the following steps:
step 421, respectively selecting A motor vehicles from 8 motor vehicles of types, 3 fuel types and 7 motor vehicles of emission stages as test vehicles to carry out actual road emission tests, collecting emission test data of the test vehicles, sorting and classifying the emission test data, and establishing a motor vehicle emission database, wherein emission pollutants of the emission tests are CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 422, the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula is:
C i,j,h =a i,j,h V 2 +b i,j,h V+c i,j,h ，
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, h is the emission phase, V is the speed of the motor vehicle,C i,j,h for vehicle emissions factors at different speeds,a i,j,h 、b i,j,h 、c i,j,h respectively representing pollutant emission coefficients under different vehicle types, different fuel types and different emission phases;
step 423, sort and classify the calculation results of the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formulas of different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases, and establish a vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database based on different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases.
Specifically, the calculation formula for emission measurement is:
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, k is the emission phase,
the total annual emission of pollutants for a motor vehicle of type i, h being the pollutant type, +.>
The amount of vehicle protection for the region of a vehicle of vehicle type i, +.>
The emission factors for the different emission pollutants of a motor vehicle of type i,VKT i is the annual average range of a motor vehicle of type i.
Specifically, step 6 includes the steps of:
step 61, obtaining the monitored vehicle type, fuel type and emission phase of the motor vehicle;
step 62, matching the vehicle type, the fuel type and the emission stage to a corresponding vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database, obtaining transient pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle according to the actual running speed of the motor vehicle, and obtaining real-time pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle in different running periods through integration;
step 63, mapping the obtained real-time pollutant emission on the running track of the motor vehicle, and obtaining the emission intensity of the motor vehicle running on the road through the accumulated calculation of the emission data of the motor vehicle running on the same road;
and 64, acquiring the running speed and time characteristics of the motor vehicle in the specific area by setting an electronic fence mode, and then acquiring the pollutant discharge amount of the motor vehicle in the specific area.
Specifically, step 7 includes the steps of:
step 71, obtaining average speeds of motor vehicles of different vehicle types, and obtaining comprehensive emission factors of actual roads of the motor vehicles in the area through a vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula
；
Step 72, calculating the total emission of pollutants emitted by the motor vehicle in the area according to the maintenance quantity, the annual average driving mileage and the comprehensive emission factor of the motor vehicle in the area, wherein the calculation formula of the total emission is as follows:
step 73, carrying out total pollutant discharge distribution by measuring and calculating the ratio of the urban area, suburban area and high-speed road length to the regional road length in the region, so as to obtain a high-resolution motor vehicle discharge list of each grid in the regional traffic network, wherein the pollutant discharge distribution mode of each grid in the region is as follows:
where n is the area grid number, j is the contaminant type, c is the road type, L is the road length,
is the pollutant emission amount of the motor vehicle.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a regional automotive emissions assessment system based on a plurality of monitoring techniques, the system comprising: the system comprises a basic information acquisition unit, an emission data acquisition unit, a traffic operation data acquisition unit, a database establishment unit, an emission amount calculation unit and a road emission amount calculation unit;
the basic information acquisition unit is used for acquiring basic information data of the motor vehicle;
the emission data acquisition unit is used for acquiring emission data of the motor vehicle;
the traffic operation data acquisition unit is used for acquiring traffic operation data;
the database establishing unit is used for establishing a bicycle actual annual average driving mileage database based on the basic information data and the emission data and establishing a motor vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions;
the emission amount calculating unit is used for calculating the emission amount based on the vehicle holding amount, the actual annual average driving mileage database of the single vehicle and the pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the vehicle under different speed working conditions;
and the road emission amount calculating unit is used for obtaining pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is networked with the monitoring system, and establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
The invention discloses a regional motor vehicle emission assessment method and system based on various monitoring technologies, which are characterized in that basic information data and emission data of motor vehicles are collected, characteristics of traffic operation data and motor vehicle emission data are mined and analyzed, the influence of the running speed of the motor vehicles on an actual road on emission is considered, emission factors are corrected by combining the vehicle speed, the basic information data and the emission data, emission amount calculation is performed on a motor vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database, and a motor vehicle emission space allocation method and a space-time track are established. The invention can truly evaluate the characteristics of the emission level and the sharing rate of the motor vehicle in the area, and can also be used for evaluating the road emission difference of the area before and after the implementation of the motor vehicle emission control policy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on a variety of monitoring techniques of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a regional vehicle emission assessment system based on various monitoring techniques in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a regional motor vehicle emission assessment system based on various monitoring techniques in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be apparent that the particular embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is only for descriptive purposes, and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a regional vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques, the method comprising the steps of:
and 1, collecting the basic information number of the motor vehicle.
And 2, collecting emission data of the motor vehicle.
And step 3, collecting traffic operation data.
And 4, establishing a vehicle actual annual average driving mileage database based on the basic information data and the emission data, and establishing a vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions.
And 5, measuring and calculating the emission based on the vehicle holding quantity, the actual annual average driving mileage database of the single vehicle and the pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the vehicle under different speed working conditions.
And 6, obtaining the pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is connected with the monitoring system in a networking way.
And 7, establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
Specifically, step 1 specifically includes:
step 11, acquiring basic information data, namely acquiring basic information data of the motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle periodic environment protection detection module, wherein the basic information data comprises acquisition date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, registration date, time for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, driving mileage for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, time for nth periodic environment protection detection and accumulated mileage for nth periodic environment protection detection;
step 12, arranging the basic information data according to a unified format, and marking records which are not compounded with the requirements through preliminary quality control;
step 13, dividing the motor vehicles into 8 types of vehicles, namely minibuses, medium buses, large buses, minivans, light vans, medium vans and heavy vans, according to the weight and the purpose of the motor vehicles;
specifically, step 2 includes:
step 21, collecting emission data, namely collecting emission data of the motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle emission remote monitoring module, wherein the emission data comprise collection date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, vehicle running time, speed, vehicle longitude and latitude, altitude and second-by-second emission amount of pollutants, wherein the pollutants comprise CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 22, arranging the emission data according to a unified format, and marking records which are not compounded with the requirements through preliminary quality control;
step 23, dividing fuel types, wherein the fuel types comprise 3 fuel types of gasoline, diesel and natural gas;
step 24, dividing the emission phases, wherein the emission phases comprise national zero emission phases, national first emission phases, national second emission phases, national third emission phases, national fourth emission phases, national fifth emission phases and national sixth emission phases.
Specifically, step 3 includes the steps of:
step 31, acquiring traffic operation data by using a road motor vehicle traffic flow module, wherein the traffic operation data comprises roads in a regional traffic network, traffic road network maps in the regional traffic network and electronic fences;
step 32, road type matching is carried out, wherein the road types are divided into a main road and a secondary main road, and the road type matching work is completed in a GIS system;
and step 33, respectively acquiring the data flow of the main road and the secondary road in different time periods.
Specifically, the step of establishing a database of actual annual average driving mileage of the bicycle comprises the following steps:
step 411, obtaining vehicle age data by using a time difference between a registered date of the vehicle and a date of a last periodic environmental protection detection:
wherein id is the vehicle number, n id Is used for the service life of the vehicle,D id,reg in order to register the date of registration,D id,ins the date of the latest periodical environment-friendly detection;
step 412, calculating the average driving mileage by using the accumulated mileage and the vehicle age data of the last periodic environment protection detection of the motor vehicle:
wherein,, VKTid for the purpose of annual average driving mileage, AVKTid to accumulate mileage.
Illustratively, the accumulated mileage is in Km.
And 413, sorting and classifying the calculation results of the step 1 and the step 2 of each motor vehicle, and establishing a database of actual annual average driving mileage of the motor vehicle.
Specifically, the establishment of the pollutant vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the motor vehicle under different speed working conditions comprises the following steps:
step 421, respectively selecting A motor vehicles from 8 motor vehicles of types, 3 fuel types and 7 motor vehicles of emission stages as test vehicles to carry out actual road emission tests, collecting emission test data of the test vehicles, sorting and classifying the emission test data, and establishing a motor vehicle emission database, wherein emission pollutants of the emission tests are CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 422, the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula is:
C i,j,h =a i,j,h V 2 +b i,j,h V+c i,j,h ，
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, h is the emission phase, V is the speed of the motor vehicle, Ci,j,h for vehicle emissions factors at different speeds,a i,j,h 、b i,j,h 、c i,j,h respectively representing pollutant emission coefficients under different vehicle types, different fuel types and different emission phases;
step 423, sort and classify the calculation results of the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formulas of different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases, and establish a vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database based on different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases.
Illustratively, the emissions factor is in g/km.
The pollutant emission of the motor vehicle has positive correlation with the vehicle speed. Since the vehicle types are similar in all regions of the country, the same type of vehicle emissions in different regions generally behave similarly.
Taking a micro/mini passenger car with a vehicle type, a gasoline with a fuel type and a CO with a pollutant type as examples, the correction formulas of the vehicle speed and the emission factors at different emission stages are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Specifically, the calculation formula for emission measurement is:
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, k is the emission phase,
the total annual emission of pollutants for a motor vehicle of type i, h being the pollutant type, +.>
The amount of vehicle protection for the region of a vehicle of vehicle type i, +.>
For different motor vehicles of type iAn emission factor for the emission of the pollutant,VKT i is the annual average range of a motor vehicle of type i.
Illustratively, the unit of emissions is t.
Specifically, step 6 includes the steps of:
step 61, obtaining the monitored vehicle type, fuel type and emission phase of the motor vehicle;
step 62, matching the vehicle type, the fuel type and the emission stage to a corresponding vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database, obtaining transient pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle according to the actual running speed of the motor vehicle, and obtaining real-time pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle in different running periods through integration.
Illustratively, real-time pollutant emissions may be categorized into year, month, day, hour, and minute.
And 63, mapping the obtained real-time pollutant emission on the running track of the motor vehicle, and obtaining the emission intensity of the motor vehicle running on the road through the accumulated calculation of the emission data of the motor vehicle running on the same road.
And 64, acquiring the running speed and time characteristics of the motor vehicle in the specific area by setting an electronic fence mode, and then acquiring the pollutant discharge amount of the motor vehicle in the specific area.
Specifically, step 7 includes the steps of:
step 71, obtaining average speeds of motor vehicles of different vehicle types, and obtaining comprehensive emission factors of actual roads of the motor vehicles in the area through a vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula
。
Step 72, calculating the total emission of pollutants emitted by the motor vehicle in the area according to the maintenance quantity, the annual average driving mileage and the comprehensive emission factor of the motor vehicle in the area, wherein the calculation formula of the total emission is as follows:
step 73, carrying out total pollutant discharge distribution by measuring and calculating the ratio of the urban area, suburban area and high-speed road length to the regional road length in the region, so as to obtain a high-resolution motor vehicle discharge list of each grid in the regional traffic network, wherein the pollutant discharge distribution mode of each grid in the region is as follows:
where n is the area grid number, j is the contaminant type, c is the road type, L is the road length,
is the pollutant emission amount of the motor vehicle.
The method for establishing the emission space allocation by taking the road length of the traffic road network as the weight can be used for evaluating the emission difference of the regional roads before and after the implementation of the regional motor vehicle emission control policy.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a regional vehicle emission assessment system based on multiple monitoring techniques provided by the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the system includes: the system comprises a basic information acquisition unit, an emission data acquisition unit, a traffic operation data acquisition unit, a database establishment unit, an emission amount calculation unit and a road emission amount calculation unit;
the basic information acquisition unit is used for acquiring basic information data of the motor vehicle;
the emission data acquisition unit is used for acquiring emission data of the motor vehicle;
the traffic operation data acquisition unit is used for acquiring traffic operation data;
the database establishing unit is used for establishing a bicycle actual annual average driving mileage database based on the basic information data and the emission data and establishing a motor vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions;
the emission amount calculating unit is used for calculating the emission amount based on the vehicle holding amount, the actual annual average driving mileage database of the single vehicle and the pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database of the actual road of the vehicle under different speed working conditions;
and the road emission amount calculating unit is used for obtaining pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is networked with the monitoring system, and establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a regional vehicle emission assessment system based on multiple monitoring techniques of the present invention.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the emission of the motor vehicle mainly comprises three functional modules, namely periodic environment-friendly detection of the motor vehicle, remote monitoring of the emission of the motor vehicle and traffic flow of the road motor vehicle.
The periodic environment-friendly detection module of the motor vehicle comprises: (1) the vehicle registration attribute information module is used for acquiring information such as license plate numbers, vehicle VINs, emission phases, fuel types, registration time and the like; (2) and the periodic environment protection detection information module is used for collecting information such as the first detection time/driving mileage, each periodic environment protection detection time, corresponding accumulated mileage and the like.
The remote monitoring module for the emission of the motor vehicle comprises: (1) the vehicle running speed information module is used for collecting information such as license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, vehicle running time, speed and the like; (2) the vehicle activity track information module is used for collecting information such as longitude and latitude, altitude and the like of a vehicle;
the road motor vehicle traffic flow module includes: (1) the traffic information module of different time segments collects traffic data of each main/secondary trunk road and different time segments in a traffic network of a certain area; (2) and the different road map information modules are used for collecting information such as traffic road network maps and electronic fences of a certain area.
The foregoing examples have shown only the preferred embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on a plurality of monitoring technologies, comprising the steps of:
step 1, basic information data of a motor vehicle are collected;
step 2, collecting emission data of the motor vehicle;
step 3, collecting traffic operation data;
step 4, establishing a vehicle actual annual average driving mileage database based on the basic information data and the emission data, and establishing a vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions;
step 5, measuring and calculating the emission based on the vehicle holding quantity, the vehicle actual annual average driving mileage database and the vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under the working conditions of different speeds;
step 6, obtaining pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is connected with the monitoring system in a networking way;
and 7, establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
2. The regional vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 1, wherein step 1 specifically comprises:
step 11, collecting basic information data, namely collecting basic information data of the motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle periodic environment protection detection module, wherein the basic information data comprise a collection date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, a discharge stage, fuel type, registration date, time for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, driving mileage for first detection of periodic environment protection detection, time for nth periodic environment protection detection and accumulated mileage for nth periodic environment protection detection;
step 12, the basic information data are arranged according to a unified format, and records which are not compounded with the requirements are marked through preliminary quality control;
step 13, dividing the motor vehicles into 8 types of vehicles, namely minibuses, medium buses, large buses, minivans, light vans, medium vans and heavy vans, according to the weight and the purpose of the motor vehicles;
the regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 2, wherein step 2 comprises:
step 21, collecting emission data, namely collecting emission data of a motor vehicle by utilizing a motor vehicle emission remote monitoring module, wherein the emission data comprise collection date, time, position, license plate number, vehicle VIN, emission stage, fuel type, vehicle running time, speed, vehicle longitude and latitude, altitude and second-by-second emission amount of pollutants, wherein the pollutants comprise CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 22, arranging the emission data according to a unified format, and marking records which are not compounded with the requirements through preliminary quality control;
step 23, dividing fuel types, wherein the fuel types comprise 3 fuel types of gasoline, diesel and natural gas;
step 24, dividing the emission phases, wherein the emission phases comprise national zero, national first, national second, national third, national fourth, national fifth and national sixth 7 emission phases.
3. A regional motor vehicle emissions assessment method based on a plurality of monitoring techniques according to claim 3, wherein said step 3 comprises the steps of:
step 31, acquiring traffic operation data by using a road motor vehicle traffic flow module, wherein the traffic operation data comprises roads in a regional traffic network, traffic road network maps and electronic fences in the regional traffic network;
step 32, road type matching is carried out, wherein the road types are divided into a main road and a secondary main road, and the road type matching work is completed in a GIS system;
and step 33, respectively acquiring the data flow of the main road and the secondary main road in different time periods.
4. The regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 4, wherein establishing the actual annual average driving range database of the motor vehicle comprises the steps of:
step 411, obtaining vehicle age data by using a time difference between a registered date of the vehicle and a date of a last periodic environmental protection detection:
wherein id is the vehicle number, n id Is used for the service life of the vehicle,D id,reg for the registration of the date of the registration,D id,ins a date for the last periodic environmental protection test;
step 412, calculating the average driving mileage by using the accumulated mileage of the last periodic environmental protection detection of the motor vehicle and the vehicle age data:
wherein,,VKT id for the annual average driving range,AVKT id and the accumulated mileage is obtained.
5. And 413, sorting and classifying the calculation results of the step 1 and the step 2 of each motor vehicle, and establishing a database of the actual annual average driving mileage of the motor vehicle.
6. The regional vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 5, wherein creating a database of actual road pollutant vehicle speed-emission factor correction formulas for vehicles under the different speed conditions comprises the steps of:
step 421, selecting A motor vehicles from the 8 motor vehicles of the type of the 8 motor vehicles, the 3 fuel types and the motor vehicles of the 7 emission stages respectively as test vehicles to carry out actual road emission tests, collecting emission test data of the test vehicles, sorting and classifying the emission test data, and establishing a motor vehicle emission database, wherein emission pollutants of the emission tests are CO, HC, NOx and PM;
step 422, the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula is:
C i,j,h =a i,j,h V 2 +b i,j,h V+c i,j,h ，
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, h is the emission phase, V is the speed of the motor vehicle,C i,j,h for vehicle emissions factors at different speeds,a i,j,h 、b i,j,h 、c i,j,h respectively representing pollutant emission coefficients under different vehicle types, different fuel types and different emission phases;
step 423, sort and classify the calculation results of the vehicle speed-emission factor correction formulas of different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases, and establish a vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database based on different types of vehicles, different fuel types of vehicles and vehicles in different emission phases.
7. The regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 6, wherein the emission measurement calculation formula is:
where i is the vehicle type, j is the fuel type, k is the emission phase,
the total annual emission of said pollutants for a motor vehicle of type i, h being the pollutant type,/->
The amount of vehicle protection for the region of a vehicle of vehicle type i, +.>
The emission factors for the different emission pollutants of a motor vehicle of type i,VKT i is the annual average range of a motor vehicle of type i.
8. The regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 7, wherein said step 6 comprises the steps of:
step 61, obtaining the monitored vehicle type, fuel type and emission phase of the motor vehicle;
step 62, matching the vehicle type, the fuel type and the emission stage to a corresponding vehicle speed-emission factor correction formula database, obtaining transient pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle according to the actual running speed of the motor vehicle, and obtaining real-time pollutant emission amounts of the motor vehicle in different running periods through integration;
step 63, mapping the obtained real-time pollutant emission on the running track of the motor vehicle, and obtaining the emission intensity of the motor vehicle running on the road through the accumulated calculation of the emission data of the motor vehicle running on the same road;
and 64, acquiring the running speed and time characteristics of the motor vehicle in the specific area by setting an electronic fence mode, and then acquiring the pollutant discharge amount of the motor vehicle in the specific area.
9. The regional motor vehicle emission assessment method based on multiple monitoring techniques of claim 8, wherein said step 7 comprises the steps of:
step 71,Obtaining the average speeds of motor vehicles of different vehicle types, and obtaining the comprehensive emission factors of the actual roads of the motor vehicles in the area through the speed-emission factor correction formula
；
Step 72, calculating the total emission of pollutants emitted by the motor vehicle in the area according to the remaining quantity of the motor vehicle in the area, the annual average driving mileage and the comprehensive emission factor, wherein the calculation formula of the total emission is as follows:
step 73, carrying out total pollutant discharge distribution by measuring and calculating the ratio of the urban area, suburban area and high-speed road length to the regional road length in the region, so as to obtain a high-resolution motor vehicle discharge list of each grid in the regional traffic network, wherein the pollutant discharge distribution mode of each grid in the region is as follows:
where n is the area grid number, j is the contaminant type, c is the road type, L is the road length,
is the pollutant emission amount of the motor vehicle.
10. A regional motor vehicle emission assessment system based on a plurality of monitoring technologies for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized by comprising a basic information acquisition unit, an emission data acquisition unit, a traffic operation data acquisition unit, a database building unit, an emission amount calculation unit, a road emission amount calculation unit;
the basic information acquisition unit is used for acquiring basic information data of the motor vehicle;
the emission data acquisition unit is used for acquiring emission data of the motor vehicle;
the traffic operation data acquisition unit is used for acquiring traffic operation data;
the database establishing unit is used for establishing a bicycle actual annual average driving mileage database based on the basic information data and the emission data and establishing a motor vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under different speed working conditions;
the emission measuring and calculating unit is used for measuring and calculating the emission based on the vehicle holding quantity, the vehicle actual annual average driving mileage database and the vehicle actual road pollutant speed-emission factor correction formula database under the working conditions of different speeds;
the road emission amount calculating unit is used for obtaining pollutant emission of the motor vehicle which is running on the road and is connected with the monitoring system in a networking mode, and establishing a motor vehicle emission space distribution method and a space-time track.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310096677.9A CN116307837B (en) | 2023-02-10 | 2023-02-10 | Regional locomotive emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310096677.9A CN116307837B (en) | 2023-02-10 | 2023-02-10 | Regional locomotive emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116307837A true CN116307837A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
| CN116307837B CN116307837B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
Family
ID=86831477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310096677.9A Active CN116307837B (en) | 2023-02-10 | 2023-02-10 | Regional locomotive emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116307837B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116541654A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-08-04 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Method and device for measuring pollutant emission amount of agricultural harvesting machine |
| CN116805036A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-26 | 安徽中科蓝壹信息科技有限公司 | Motor vehicle emission evaluation method, system, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN116955916A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(武汉)有限公司 | Calculation method for total evaporation and emission of light vehicle |
| CN117074046A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-17 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment |
| CN117093807A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-11-21 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle exhaust emission list calculation method based on multi-dimension Bin interval |
| CN117112969A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-24 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle pollutant emission list accounting method |
| CN118311199A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-07-09 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Method and system for monitoring carbon emission of commercial vehicle |
| CN118447693A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-08-06 | 江苏尚维斯环境科技股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly online monitoring system and method based on big data analysis |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105225488A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-06 | 北京市交通行业节能减排中心 | A kind of speed based on vehicle specific power is to vehicular discharge factor modification method |
| CN108682156A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-10-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method based on GPS data from taxi dynamic monitoring urban transportation exhaust emission situation |
| US20190138669A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-05-09 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Method for determining pollutant emissions from a vehicle using macroscopic parameters |
| US20190271254A1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-09-05 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | On-board vehicle emissions measurement system with a sensor and a computer system |
| CN110514255A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-29 | 重庆市城投金卡信息产业(集团)股份有限公司 | Motor vehicle emission quantity measuring method and its detection system |
| CN113128791A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-16 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | MOVES model-based motor vehicle emission list measuring and calculating method and device |
| CN115308369A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-08 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Motor vehicle actual road emission factor testing method based on coupling of PEMS and Internet of vehicles |
-
2023
- 2023-02-10 CN CN202310096677.9A patent/CN116307837B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105225488A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-06 | 北京市交通行业节能减排中心 | A kind of speed based on vehicle specific power is to vehicular discharge factor modification method |
| US20190138669A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-05-09 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Method for determining pollutant emissions from a vehicle using macroscopic parameters |
| US20190271254A1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-09-05 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | On-board vehicle emissions measurement system with a sensor and a computer system |
| CN108682156A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-10-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method based on GPS data from taxi dynamic monitoring urban transportation exhaust emission situation |
| CN110514255A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-29 | 重庆市城投金卡信息产业(集团)股份有限公司 | Motor vehicle emission quantity measuring method and its detection system |
| CN113128791A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-16 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | MOVES model-based motor vehicle emission list measuring and calculating method and device |
| CN115308369A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-08 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Motor vehicle actual road emission factor testing method based on coupling of PEMS and Internet of vehicles |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 周子航 等: ""成都市道路移动源排放清单与空间分布特征"", 《环境科学学报》 * |
| 郭园园: ""MOVES-深圳模型的构建...其模拟机动车排放因子的应用"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅰ辑)》 * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116541654B (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-09-12 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Method and device for measuring pollutant emission amount of agricultural harvesting machine |
| CN116541654A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-08-04 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Method and device for measuring pollutant emission amount of agricultural harvesting machine |
| CN116805036A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-26 | 安徽中科蓝壹信息科技有限公司 | Motor vehicle emission evaluation method, system, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN116955916A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(武汉)有限公司 | Calculation method for total evaporation and emission of light vehicle |
| CN116955916B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-26 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(武汉)有限公司 | Calculation method for total evaporation and emission of light vehicle |
| CN117074046A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-17 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment |
| CN117074046B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-02 | 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 | Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment |
| CN117093807B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-01-02 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle exhaust emission list calculation method based on multi-dimension Bin interval |
| CN117093807A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-11-21 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle exhaust emission list calculation method based on multi-dimension Bin interval |
| CN117112969A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-24 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle pollutant emission list accounting method |
| CN117112969B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-02 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Vehicle pollutant emission list accounting method |
| CN118311199A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-07-09 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Method and system for monitoring carbon emission of commercial vehicle |
| CN118447693A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-08-06 | 江苏尚维斯环境科技股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly online monitoring system and method based on big data analysis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116307837B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN116307837B (en) | Regional locomotive emission evaluation method and system based on multiple monitoring technologies | |
| Zhao et al. | Developing an electric vehicle urban driving cycle to study differences in energy consumption | |
| CN108682156B (en) | Method for dynamically monitoring urban traffic emission pollution condition based on taxi GPS data | |
| Nesamani et al. | Development of a driving cycle for intra-city buses in Chennai, India | |
| Tong et al. | A framework for developing driving cycles with on‐road driving data | |
| Zhou et al. | Emission characteristics and high-resolution spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants from motor vehicles in Chengdu, China | |
| Davis et al. | Development and application of an international vehicle emissions model | |
| CN111696369B (en) | All-market road time-sharing and vehicle-division type traffic flow prediction method based on multi-source geographic space big data | |
| CN111612670B (en) | Method, device and computer equipment for constructing emission list of motor vehicle | |
| CN102567811A (en) | Real-time road traffic characteristic based motor vehicle emission measuring and calculating method | |
| CN101886940A (en) | System and method for detecting energy consumption and emission of hybrid electric vehicle | |
| CN104318315A (en) | City road traffic pollutant discharge monitoring early warning system and method | |
| CN113158125A (en) | Diesel vehicle NOx emission evaluation method based on Internet of vehicles | |
| CN111241720A (en) | Modeling method and device of road raise dust model | |
| Tong et al. | Development of bus driving cycles using a cost effective data collection approach | |
| Boriboonsomsin et al. | Collection of activity data from on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles | |
| Wang et al. | A GPS-based research on driving range and patterns of private passenger vehicle in Beijing | |
| CN113380049B (en) | Method, device, server and storage medium for detecting vehicle violations | |
| CN112767686B (en) | Road network automobile emission estimation method based on multi-source data fusion | |
| CN110889086A (en) | Method for evaluating influence of shared electric rental car on urban automobile exhaust emission | |
| Magsino | Investigating the operational dynamics of different transportation modes in vehicular networks | |
| CN112729863B (en) | Vehicle actual measurement road selection method | |
| Khemri et al. | Developing a Real-World, Second-by-Second Driving Cycle Database through Public Vehicle Trip Surveys | |
| Hwa et al. | Development of real-world driving cycles and estimation of emission factors for in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles in urban areas | |
| Purkrábková et al. | Assessment of floating car data quality for emission estimation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |