CN116179809A - Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel - Google Patents
Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116179809A CN116179809A CN202211570285.3A CN202211570285A CN116179809A CN 116179809 A CN116179809 A CN 116179809A CN 202211570285 A CN202211570285 A CN 202211570285A CN 116179809 A CN116179809 A CN 116179809A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- heat treatment
- carbon chromium
- chromium stainless
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of martensitic stainless steel in the metallurgical industry, and relates to an annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel. The annealing heat treatment method of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel comprises the steps of heating a high-carbon chromium stainless steel material to be above an austenitizing temperature, preserving heat for a sufficient time, and then slowly cooling to be below the austenitizing temperature; and heating to above the austenitizing temperature again, slowly cooling to below the austenitizing temperature, and rapidly cooling to room temperature by adopting a rapid cooling mode. The high-carbon chromium stainless steel material treated by the method has lower strength and hardness, higher elongation and shrinkage, meets the requirements of subsequent straightening, drawing and cold heading processing, can increase single-pass processing amount, reduce production passes, improve production efficiency, save production cost and have wide industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of martensitic stainless steel in the metallurgical industry, relates to a heat treatment method of martensitic stainless steel material, and in particular relates to an annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel material.
Background
The high-carbon chromium stainless steel belongs to martensitic stainless steel, and refers to GB/T1220-2007 stainless steel rod and standard GB/T3086-2019 high-carbon chromium stainless steel bearing steel, wherein the high-carbon chromium stainless steel is martensitic stainless steel with carbon element content of more than 0.60%. The heat-treated martensitic stainless steel has higher hardness than the conventional martensitic stainless steel, and is mainly used for precision shafts, bearings, guide rails, cutters and the like with higher requirements on corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
The stainless steel raw material is produced by adopting hot forming, the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material after hot forming has the characteristics of high hardness and low plasticity, the stainless steel cannot be directly processed, and annealing heat treatment is required to reduce the strength and hardness of the material and improve the plasticity of the material.
The annealing heat treatment process directly determines the machinability of the material, if the hardness and strength are high after annealing heat treatment and the elongation and shrinkage are low, the plasticity of the material is poor, cracking and breaking and the like are easy to occur in the processing process, and under severe conditions, the material breaks in the transportation process and cannot be subjected to subsequent processing. The high-carbon chromium stainless steel has high annealing difficulty compared with other martensitic stainless steel due to high carbon content, and the plasticity of the material after annealing heat treatment according to the standard recommended process is poor, so that the subsequent processing can only be carried out in a multi-pass and small-deformation mode, the production efficiency is low, and the processing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an annealing heat treatment method for a high-carbon chromium stainless steel material, wherein the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material subjected to heat treatment by the method has lower strength and hardness, higher elongation and shrinkage, further meets the requirements of subsequent straightening, drawing, cold heading and other processing, and can be beneficial to increasing single-pass processing amount, reducing production passes, improving production efficiency and saving production cost. The annealing heat treatment process is easy to control, has strong applicability with annealing equipment, is suitable for wide popularization, and has wide market application prospect. The annealing method of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material comprises the steps of heating the material to be above an austenitizing temperature, preserving heat for enough time, and then slowly cooling to be below the austenitizing temperature; heating to above austenitizing temperature again, keeping warm for enough time, slowly cooling to below austenitizing temperature, reducing to low enough temperature, and cooling to room temperature by adopting a rapid cooling mode.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material to above the austenitizing temperature, and then preserving the heat for a sufficient time; through the step, more carbide is dissolved as much as possible, undissolved carbide is slowly spheroidized in the heat preservation process, and spherical carbide and austenitized structure are obtained; the heat preservation temperature cannot be too high, and the plastic degradation of the material caused by decarburization and coarse grains is avoided;
(2) Slowly cooling the tissue obtained in the steps to below the austenitizing temperature of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material; the temperature reduction process causes carbon elements to be separated out from an austenite matrix to form new carbides, and the newly formed carbides gradually grow and are spherical to obtain a spheroidized structure;
(3) Heating the tissue obtained in the steps above to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the material, and preserving the heat for a sufficient time; the heating temperature is equal to or slightly lower than the first heating temperature, and the heat preservation time is equal to or slightly shorter than the first heat preservation time; the small-particle carbide precipitated in the primary cooling process is dissolved in the process of heating up and heat preservation again, and undissolved carbide is slowly spheroidized continuously in the heat preservation process;
(4) Slowly cooling the tissue obtained in the steps to below the austenitizing temperature, and then quickly cooling to room temperature; the slow cooling process enables carbide particles to slowly and uniformly continue to grow up, so that larger and more uniform spheroidized structures of the particles are obtained; the rapid cooling process adopts a rapid cooling mode to reduce the temperature to the room temperature, so that brittle phases generated by long-time stay of the material in a low-temperature brittle zone are avoided, and meanwhile, the heat treatment production efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the annealing heat treatment method, the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material is filled into heat treatment equipment with good sealing property and preferably with atmosphere protection for heat treatment so as to prevent decarburization of the material during the heat treatment. The atmosphere protection is preferably inert atmosphere protection, and the inert atmosphere is preferably at least one of conventional inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, helium and the like.
Preferably, the high carbon chromium stainless steel material in step (1) and step (3) is heated to above the austenite temperature, preferably at a temperature of not less than 880 ℃, more preferably 880 to 920 ℃.
Preferably, the high-carbon chromium stainless steel materials in the step (1) and the step (3) are kept warm for a sufficient time, and the optimal heat preservation time is not less than 6 hours, so that the temperature in the heat treatment equipment is ensured to be uniform.
Preferably, the high carbon chromium stainless steel material is cooled to below the austenitizing temperature in step (2), preferably the slow cooling temperature should not be higher than 700 ℃.
Preferably, the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material in the step (2) and the step (4) is slowly cooled to below the austenite temperature of the material, and the preferable slow cooling speed is not more than 20 ℃/h. The lower the cooling speed is, the slower the cooling speed is, the slow growth of carbide is, the few newly formed particles are, the better the original carbide spheroidizing effect is, and meanwhile, the cooling speed in the step (4) is lower than that in the step (2) and the effect is better, but the cost pressure is considered in actual need, and the method can be selected according to actual conditions.
Preferably, in the step (4), the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material is slowly cooled to below the austenitizing temperature again, and the preferable slow cooling temperature range is 550-600 ℃. In practice, the temperature reduction temperature may not be limited to the temperature range of the present invention, and the lower the end point temperature of slow cooling is, the longer the transition time is, the better the tissue transition effect is, and the better the annealing effect is. However, the temperature is too low, so that further energy consumption and economic cost are further increased, and therefore, the comprehensive consideration of the invention is that the temperature reduction temperature of the step (2) and the step (4) is a temperature range with better comprehensive balance at present. But can be further selected according to actual working conditions such as specific engineering volume and the like.
Preferably, in the step (4), the rapid cooling process is performed by rapid cooling to room temperature. The preferred rapid cooling rate should be not less than 30 deg.c/h.
Preferably, the treated high-carbon chromium stainless steel material comprises the following main chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.60 to 1.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Mn, 12.00 to 19.00 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Mo ， The balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. More preferably, the material comprises the following main chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.60 to 1.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Mn, 12.00 to 19.00 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of p, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.6 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.6 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the room temperature in the present invention is 10 ℃ to 40 ℃, more preferably 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
The high-carbon chromium stainless steel material subjected to the annealing heat treatment process disclosed by the invention has lower hardness and strength, and the hardness is less than or equal to 200HB; the strength is less than or equal to 670MPa. The elongation and shrinkage rate are high, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 25%, the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 40%, and the comprehensive processing performance is good.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by reasonably designing an annealing heat treatment process, a material is heated to be above an austenitizing temperature, the heat is preserved for a sufficient time, and then the temperature is slowly reduced to be below the austenitizing temperature; heating to above austenitizing temperature again, keeping warm for enough time, slowly cooling to below austenitizing temperature, reducing to low enough temperature, and cooling to room temperature by adopting a rapid cooling mode. The high-carbon chromium stainless steel material subjected to heat treatment by the method has lower strength and hardness and higher elongation and shrinkage, so that the requirements of subsequent straightening, drawing, cold heading and other processing are met, single-pass processing amount can be increased, production passes are reduced, production efficiency is improved, and production cost is saved. The annealing heat treatment process is easy to control, has strong applicability with annealing equipment, is suitable for wide popularization, and has wide market industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an annealing heat treatment method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat treatment process according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the heat treatment process of example 2 and example 3.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of the heat-treated material of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram of the heat-treated material of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure diagram of example 3 of the present invention after heat treatment.
FIG. 7 is a chart of the metallographic structure after heat treatment of example 1 annealed by the standard recommended heat treatment regimen.
FIG. 8 is a metallographic structure diagram after heat treatment of example 2 of annealing according to the standard recommended heat treatment regimen
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference should be made to the following description of embodiments of the invention, however, it should be understood that these descriptions are only illustrative of the embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the details of the embodiments.
Examples
High carbon chromium stainless steel material: high-carbon chromium stainless steel wire rods with diameters phi of 5.5mm and phi of 9.5mm (the process scheme disclosed by the invention is applicable to high-carbon chromium stainless steel materials with different shapes, and the invention mainly takes the wire rod as an example) are respectively selected for heat treatment, and the main chemical compositions of the materials are shown in table 1.
Table 1 example materials basic information and chemical composition
An annealing heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) filling the selected high-carbon chromium stainless steel material into an atmosphere protection type hood-type annealing furnace for heat treatment.
(2) Heating a high carbon chromium stainless steel material above the austenitizing temperature and then holding for a sufficient time, wherein example 1 heats the material to 890 ℃ at a heating rate of 150 ℃/h and then holding for 10 hours; examples 2 and 3 the material was heated to 900 c at a heating rate of 150 c/h and then incubated for 12 hours. The heating speed of the step 2 and the step 4 can be set and adjusted by self according to the heating capacity and the production efficiency of the actual heat treatment equipment, and the effect on the heat treatment performance of the invention is not greatly influenced.
(3) Slowly cooling the material below the austenitizing temperature, wherein example 1 is cooled to 700 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/h; example 2 and example 3 were cooled to 700 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/h.
(4) The material is heated above the austenitizing temperature and held for a sufficient period of time. The heating temperature is equal to or slightly lower than the first heating temperature, and the heat preservation time is equal to or slightly shorter than the first heat preservation time. Wherein example 1 the material was heated to 880 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and then incubated for 10 hours; examples 2 and 3 the material was heated to 890 c at a heating rate of 100 c/h and then incubated for 12 hours.
(5) Slowly cooling the material to below the austenitizing temperature. Wherein example 1 was cooled to 550 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/h; example 2 and example 3 were cooled to 550 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/h.
(6) After the material is reduced to the sufficiently low target temperature of step (5), it is rapidly cooled down to room temperature by means of rapid cooling. Wherein, the temperature of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 is respectively reduced to 550 ℃, then the temperature is reduced to 250 ℃ by adopting a cooling mode with a cover at a speed of 50 ℃/h, and then the furnace is discharged for air cooling. The mechanical properties of the heat treated high carbon chromium stainless steel material of each example are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example mechanical properties and pullout properties after annealing heat treatment
Note that: single reduction ratio (single pass draw reduction ratio) = (1-cross sectional area after drawing/cross sectional area before drawing)%
Comparative example
The heat treatment process is recommended by the standard GB/T1220-2007 stainless steel rod to carry out heat treatment on the material as a comparative example. The standard GB/T1220-2007 stainless steel rod recommends a heat treatment process of' slow cooling at 800-920 ℃, and historical data processed by adopting the standard recommended heat treatment process are selected for comparison. And (3) performing heat treatment by adopting a nitrogen protection type hood-type annealing furnace, heating the high-carbon chromium stainless steel wire rod to 870 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, cooling to 550 ℃ by adopting a cooling speed of 30 ℃/h, cooling by adopting a hood, and discharging and air cooling after cooling to 250 ℃.
The basic information and chemical composition of the materials treated by the conventional process are shown in Table 3, and the mechanical properties and drawing properties after the treatment are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 basic information and chemical Components of materials treated by conventional Process
TABLE 4 mechanical properties after conventional annealing heat treatment drawing properties
As can be seen from the comparison of the metallographic microstructures of the examples and the drawings (fig. 4, 5 and 6) thereof and the comparative examples and the drawings (fig. 7 and 8) thereof, the annealed structure of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material is composed of a ferrite matrix (light gray) plus discretely distributed granular carbides (pure white particles and black-dot like particles). According to the annealing process provided by the invention, carbide particles in the microstructure of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material obtained after heat treatment in each embodiment are larger and are mostly spherical (pure white particles), and carbide of small particles (black-point-shaped particles) is relatively less, and carbide distribution is relatively more uniform, so that the material has lower strength and better plasticity.
As can be seen from the comparison of the table 2 of the examples and the table 4 of the comparative examples, the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material obtained after the heat treatment of each example by the annealing process provided by the invention has obviously reduced strength and hardness, wherein the strength is not more than 670Mpa and the hardness is not more than 200HB; the elongation after break and the shrinkage rate are obviously improved, the elongation after break is not less than 25%, the shrinkage after break is not less than 40%, and the composite material has good comprehensive processing performance.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, but other variations and modifications are possible without exceeding the technical solutions described in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The annealing heat treatment method of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Heating the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material to above austenitizing temperature, and preserving heat;
(2) Slowly cooling the tissue obtained in the steps to below the austenitizing temperature of the high-carbon chromium stainless steel material;
(3) Heating the tissue obtained in the steps above to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the material, and preserving heat; wherein the heating temperature is not higher than the temperature of the step (1), and the heat preservation time is not longer than the heat preservation time of the step (1);
(4) And slowly cooling the tissue obtained in the steps to below the austenitizing temperature, and then quickly cooling to room temperature.
2. The annealing heat treatment method of high carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment process is performed under the protection of inert atmosphere.
3. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in said step (1) and step (3) is not lower than 880 ℃.
4. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the heat-retaining time in said step (1) and step (3) is not less than 6 hours.
5. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the slow cooling temperature in the step (2) is not higher than 700 ℃.
6. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the slow cooling temperature range of the step (4) is 550-600 ℃.
7. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the slow cooling rate of the step (2) and the step (4) is not more than 20 ℃/h.
8. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the rapid cooling rate in said step (4) is not less than 30 ℃/h.
9. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the treated high-carbon chromium stainless steel material comprises the following main chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.60 to 1.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of Mn, 12.00 to 19.00 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Mo ， The balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
10. The annealing heat treatment method of high-carbon chromium stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the heat treated high-carbon chromium stainless steel material is less than or equal to 200HB, the strength is less than or equal to 670MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 25%, and the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 40%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211570285.3A CN116179809A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211570285.3A CN116179809A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116179809A true CN116179809A (en) | 2023-05-30 |
Family
ID=86439240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211570285.3A Pending CN116179809A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116179809A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-12-08 CN CN202211570285.3A patent/CN116179809A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105506249A (en) | Heat treatment method for high-nitrogen corrosion resistant plastic die steel | |
| CN109576449B (en) | Production method of 9Ni steel plate capable of resisting residual magnetism increase and saving production energy consumption | |
| CN112301193B (en) | Thermomechanical treatment method for preparing rare earth bearing steel | |
| CN111850393B (en) | Bainite die steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109628833B (en) | Cr-Mo-Si-V cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103882294A (en) | Ni-saving type low-temperature steel plate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112280942A (en) | Martensitic stainless steel 2Cr13 wire annealing process | |
| CN114990428B (en) | Cr-Mo-Co-W high-temperature bearing steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111172373A (en) | Low-carbon steel heat treatment process | |
| CN116179809A (en) | Annealing heat treatment method for high-carbon chromium stainless steel | |
| CN115747634A (en) | High-quality non-quenched and tempered steel, crankshaft and preparation method | |
| CN112048678B (en) | Annealing softening method of low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel | |
| CN115404390A (en) | Rare earth microalloyed high-temperature carburized bearing steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114107824A (en) | Corrosion-resistant low-temperature-resistant spring steel for railway fastener and production method and heat treatment method thereof | |
| CN116200659B (en) | Cold heading steel hot rolled wire rod, production method thereof and method for preparing fine wire | |
| CN112760465A (en) | Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel | |
| CN115094208B (en) | Rapid isothermal spheroidizing annealing method for 42CrMoA steel | |
| CN111471928A (en) | Wear-resistant steel plate with basket braided martensite metallographic structure and production method thereof | |
| CN109930078A (en) | A kind of high strength high plasticity hot-rolled medium managese steel and preparation method | |
| CN117904539B (en) | Ti-controlled high-Nb long-life high-carbon chromium bearing steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN118360553B (en) | 9.8-Grade hot-rolled carbon non-cold-heading steel wire rod and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN113337693B (en) | Heat treatment method for reducing grade of large-size bearing steel net-shaped carbide | |
| CN114752741B (en) | Method for improving mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel | |
| CN103572175B (en) | A kind of bainitic steel and goods heat treating method thereof | |
| CN111334716B (en) | Chromium-titanium-boron-containing low-carbon high-strength deep drawing steel and preparation method and application thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |